Unreferenced date December 2009 A reference collection is a collecting collection of objects maintained for the purpose of study and authentication. Reference collections are generally large undertakings maintained by institutions instead of having a single representative of each object, they will typically have multiples, so as to illustrate variations and, sometimes, provide samples for comparisons. For human created objects such as postage stamp s or coin s, a good reference collection will also include an assortment of carefully labelled fakes and forgeries. Since the purpose is study rather than personal gratification or display, a reference collection values damaged objects as much as the pristine in fact, organizations maintaining reference collections will encourage members to donate their damaged or poor condition items to the collection. In biology , reference collections, such as herbarium herbaria are an important sort of information about variations of populations within a species. They are also the repository of holotype s used as the official definition of species. In philately , reference collections are critical to expertization , since the characteristics differentiating authentic stamps from reprints, fakes, and forgeries are often too subtle to be described verbally. DEFAULTSORT Reference Collection Category Collecting ... more details
For reference questions in the context of libraries Reference interview In Canada Canadian Law of Canada law , a Reference Question is a submission by the Canadian government federal or a Provinces and territories ... Court or Court of Appeal. The process is very similar to the federal government reference questions .... Attorney General of Canada Reference Appeal 1912 A.C. 571, the role of the courts in references is not judicial ... Australia and the United States, eschew reference jurisdiction for their courts. In the U.S. ... took counsel from Canadian legal academics. Notable Federal Reference Questions There have been over 75 federal references since 1892. Some of the most notable include Reference re Securities Act , 2011 Re Same Sex Marriage Reference re Same Sex Marriage , 2004 Reference re Secession of Quebec , http canlii.ca en ca scc doc 1998 1998canlii793 1998canlii793.html 1998 nowiki nowiki 2 S.C.R. 217 Reference re Quebec Sales Tax , 1994 Reference re Ng Extradition , 1991 Reference re David Milgaard Conviction ... 866 April 14, 1992 Reference re Manitoba Language Rights 1984 , http canlii.ca en ca scc doc 1985 1985canlii33 1985canlii33.html 1985 nowiki nowiki 1 S.C.R. 721 Reference re Upper Churchill Water Rights Reversion Act , 1984 Reference re Authority of Parliament in Relation to the Upper House , http ... Reference Anti Inflation Reference , 1976 Reference re Regina v. Coffin affair Coffin , http canlii.ca en ca scc doc 1956 1956canlii94 1956canlii94.html 1956 nowiki nowiki S.C.R. 191 Reference re Persons of Japanese Race , 1946 S.C.R. 248 Re Eskimos , 1939 Reference re Alberta Statutes 1938 S.C.R. 100 Notable Provincial Reference Questions http scc.lexum.org en 2010 2010scc61 2010scc61.html Reference re Assisted Human Reproduction Act , 2010 SCC 61, 2010 3 S.C.R. 457 Reference re Firearms Act , 2000 1 S.C.R. 783 Reference re Provincial Court Judges , 1997 http scc.lexum.org en 1992 1992scr2 445 1992scr2 445.html Reference re Goods and Services Tax, 1992 nowiki nowiki 2 S.C.R. 44 Quebec ... more details
Reference data are data describing a physical or virtual object and its properties. fact date April 2008 Reference data are usually described with nouns. fact date April 2008 Reference data is used in data management to define characteristics of an identifier that are used within other data centric processes. For example reference data within finance might be a product master or a security master. Typical reference data are Physical products, material, assets, customers, locations Virtual cost centers, planned buildings Reference data can change over time via transactions described in transaction data . E.g. a logistical transaction can change the location of an object, a financial transaction like adding tax can change the price of an object and a series of work transaction can change a virtual object like a planned building into a physical object. Master reference data A special type of reference data is master reference data these are reference data shared over a number of systems. Some master reference data are universal like the list of Country Countries and can be covered by a global standard in this case ISO 3166 1 . Master data and Master reference data Master reference data are sometimes called Master Data . This usage of the term Master data should be avoided, fact date April 2008 since Master data is also the term used for original data , like an original recording see also Master Tape . Master data is collected on a http www.polarlake.com reference data management introduction Data Management Platform . The platform enables the acquisition, management and distribution of vendor and internally sourced Reference Data. See also Data modeling Master Data Management Enterprise bookmarking Data architecture Transaction data Category Data management de Stammdaten ... more details
Multiple issues tone August 2008 unreferenced August 2008 The Creditor Reference also called the Structured Creditor Reference is an international business standard based on International Organization for Standardization ISO 11649, implemented at the end of 2008. Using Creditor Reference, a company can automatically match its remittance information to its accounts receivable A R . This means that the company s financial supply chain s Straight through processing STP will be increased. The Creditor Reference was first implemented within the Single Euro Payments Area SEPA rulebook 3.2. Implementation A vendor adds the Creditor Reference to its invoices. When a customer pays the invoice, the company writes the Creditor Reference instead of the invoice number in the message section, or places a Creditor Reference field in its payment ledger. When the vendor receives the payment, it can automatically match the remittance information to its Accounts Receivable system. Structure The Creditor Reference is an alphanumeric string, 25 characters long, with the letters RF at the beginning. After the letters are two check digits, which confirm that the reference will be entered correctly. The remaining part of the Creditor Reference up to 21 alphanumeric characters is the Reference. The content of the Creditor Reference can be determined without any restrictions. Example RF 18 5390 0754 7034 in this example, the check digits are 18 References reflist External links http www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu knowledge bank detail.cfm?documents id 144 European Payment Council s Creditor Reference pages http www.iso.org ISO white papers https www.swiftcommunity.net communities detail.cfm?communityId 106 SWIFT Community requires registration http www.jknc.eu RFcalculator Creditor Reference Calculator http www.scopulus.co.uk Business Resources Category Business economics Category ISO standards ... more details
Infobox software name Reference Manager logo screenshot caption author developer Research Information Systems later acquired by Thomson Corporation Thomson ISI ResearchSoft released 1984 latest release version 12 latest release date 02 09 2008 latest preview version 12 latest preview date programming language operating system Microsoft Windows no versions for Mac or Linux platform language English language English status genre reference management software Reference management license Proprietary software Proprietary website http www.refman.com Reference Manager is a commercial reference management software package sold by Thomson Reuters . It was the first commercial software of its kind, originally ... Windows and later the Apple Macintosh . Operation How to section date October 2009 Reference Manager is most commonly used by people who want to share a central database of reference s and need to have .... Reference Manager offers different in text citation templates for each Reference Type. When writing papers, you may want to have a different in text citation style depending on the reference type you are citing, or journal you are writing for. For example, if you insert a reference for a Book which appears as Smith, 1999 , using Reference Manager you can also insert a reference for a Academic journal Journal , and it could appear differently, e.g. Smith, 1999 without the brackets . Reference ... Animals are also returned. Reference Manager Web Publisher allows publishing a reference databases ... references into their own bibliographic software. Others can even edit the reference information so ... and Web Services Description Language WSDL standard services. See also Comparison of reference management software External links http lists.adeptscience.co.uk refman Reference Manager Email List Archive http www.refman.com rmword2k7.asp Issues with Word 2007 Reference management software Category Reference management software Category Proprietary software Category Windows software software ... more details
Refimprove date November 2009 In computer science , reference counting is a technique of storing the number ... garbage collection algorithm that uses these reference counts to deallocate objects which are no longer referenced. Use in garbage collection As a garbage collection algorithm, reference counting tracks, for each object, a count of the number of reference computer science reference s to it held by other objects. If an object s reference count reaches zero, the object has become inaccessible, and can be destroyed. When an object is destroyed, any objects referenced by that object also have their reference counts decreased. Because of this, removing a single reference can potentially lead to a large number of objects being freed. A common modification allows reference counting to be made incremental instead of destroying an object as soon as its reference count becomes zero, it is added to a list .... Simple reference counts require frequent updates. Whenever a reference is destroyed or overwritten, the reference count of the object it references is decremented, and whenever one is created or copied, the reference count of the object it references is incremented. Reference counting is also ... and disadvantages The main advantage of reference counting over tracing garbage collection .... Reference counting is also among the simplest forms of garbage collection to implement. It also ... may cause problems . Reference counting Weighted reference counting Weighted reference counts are a good ... space to be efficient. Reference counting performance does not deteriorate as the total amount of free ... accessdate December 5, 2009 id ISBN 3 540 55940 X Section 2.1. ref Reference counts are also useful ... due to frequent copies. However, if we know an object has only one reference as most do in many systems , and that reference is lost at the same time that a similar new object is created as in the string ... object. Reference counting in naive form has two main disadvantages over the tracing garbage ... more details
A reference card or quick reference card is a concise bundling of common syntax syntactic rules and idiom s of a particular formal language . It serves as an ad hoc memory aid for an experienced user . In spite of what the name reference card suggest, the term only tends to be used in the narrow context of programming language s or markup language s. However, this concept is now being adopted to portray concise information in many other fields. Appearance Due to its logical structure and conciseness, finding information in a reference card is trivial for humans and requires no computer interaction. It is therefore convenient for a user to printing print out a reference card. This in contrast to user guide s, which tend to be large & verbose and to have a very low information density in comparison to reference cards . Examples Wikimedia wiki syntax ref card meta Help Reference card A LaTeX http www.stdout.org winston latex latexsheet.pdf reference sheet PDF An AMS LaTeX http www control.eng.cam.ac.uk pcr20 latex LaTeXRefCard.v1.0.pdf PDF An R programming language R reference card http cran.r project.org doc contrib Short refcard.pdf PDF An R programming language R reference card for data mining http www.rdatamining.com docs PDF See also Cheat sheet User guide External links http refcards.com The refcards.com collection of reference cards http www.digilife.be quickreferences quickrefs.htm Collection of reference cards http devcheatsheet.com Directory of cheat sheets and quick reference cards Category Technical communication compu stub pl ci ga Inne rodzaje ci g pt Cart o de refer ncia sv Lathund ... more details
A reference model in systems engineering systems , enterprise engineering enterprise , and software engineering .... A reference model can represent the component parts of any consistent idea, from business functions to system components, as long as it represents a complete set. This frame of reference can then be used to communicate ideas clearly among members of the same community. Reference models are often ... Standards a reference model is an abstract framework for understanding significant relationships ... supporting that environment. A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts and may be used as a basis for education and explaining standards to a non specialist. A reference ... different implementations. ref cite web title OASIS SOA Reference Model url http www.oasis open.org ... of concepts rolled up into that of a reference model. Each of these concepts is important Abstract a reference model is abstract. The things described by a reference model are not actual ... of the reference model. One must understand the concept of a wall in order to build a house that has walls. Entities and relationships A reference model contains both entities things that exist and relationships ... a reference model. Within an environment A reference model does not attempt to describe all things. A reference model is used to clarify things within an environment or a problem space. To be useful, a reference model should include a clear description of the problem that it solves, and the concerns of the stakeholders who need to see the problem get solved. Technology agnostic A reference ... computing environment. A reference model is a mechanism for understanding the problems faced, not the solutions ... value to the practitioner. Note That does not preclude the development of a reference model that describes ... applications. The uses of a reference model There are many uses for a reference model. One ..., such as the ability to extend the software in an inexpensive way. Another use of a reference ... more details
Refimprove date March 2008 Digital reference or virtual reference is a service by which a library reference service is conducted online, and the reference transaction is a computer mediated communication . It is the remote, computer mediated delivery of reference information provided by library professionals to users who cannot access or do not want face to face communication. Virtual reference service is most often an extension of a library s existing reference service program. The word reference ..., answering questions, and otherwise fulfilling users information needs. Reference work often but not always involves using reference work s, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc. This form of reference work expands reference services from the physical reference desk to a virtual reference desk ... virtual reference services may involve multiple terms used for the same definition. ref cite journal last Pace first A. title Virtual Reference What s in a Name? journal Computers in Libraries ..., computer mediated reference services is virtual reference , with the secondary non preferred term digital reference having gone out of use in recent years. Chat reference is often used interchangeably with virtual reference, although it represents only one aspect of virtual reference. Virtual reference ... i.e., texting and email . Here, synchronous virtual reference refers to any real time computer mediated communication between patron and information professional. Asynchronous virtual reference is all ... book last Kern first M.K. title Virtual Reference Best Practices Tailoring Services to Your Library place Chicago publisher ALA year 2009 ref History The earliest digital reference services were launched ... adopter libraries launched digital reference services for two main reasons to extend the hours that questions could be submitted to the reference desk, and to explore the potential of campus wide ... to mid 1990s, digital reference services began to appear that were not affiliated with any library ... more details
Distinguish Reference management software Unreferenced date September 2007 File Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite.png thumb 300px Encyclop dia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite , an example of reference software Reference software is software which emulates and expands upon print reference forms including the dictionary , translation dictionary , encyclopedia , thesaurus , and atlas . Like print references, reference software can either be general or specific to a domain, and often includes map s and illustration s, as well as bibliography and statistics . Reference software may include multimedia content including animations, audio, and video, which further illustrate a concept. Well designed reference software improves upon the navigability of print references, through the use of search functionality and hyperlink s. Origins and development Many dictionaries and encyclopedias rushed into CD ROM editions soon after the widespread introduction of the CD ROM to home computers. A second major development occurred as the internet also became widely available in homes, with reference works becoming available online as well. The conversion of previously print only reference materials to electronic format marked a major change to the marketing and accessibility of such works ... by new media enticed new competitors into the reference software market. One of the earliest and most ... with other major reference works. In the dictionaries market, one of the more prolific brands was Merriam ... language dictionaries. Since 2010, reference materials have begun to appear as apps on Smartphone ... . Wikipedia and its offspins such as Wiktionary marked a new departure in educational reference ... and editing an online set of reference works. See also Dictionary Encyclopedia Wikipedia Educational software Encarta Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite World ... of reference management software Reference management software Category Educational software ... more details
In fiber optic technology, a reference surface is that surface of an optical fiber that is used to contact the transverse alignment elements of a electronic component component such as a electrical connector connector or mechanical splice . For telecommunications grade fibers, the reference surface is the outer surface of the Cladding fiber optics cladding . For plastic clad silica PCS fibers, which have a strippable polymer cladding not to be confused with the polymer overcoat of an all silica fiber , the reference surface may be the Fiber optics Principle of operation core . References FS1037C Category Fiber optics optics stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Reference design refers to a technical blueprint of a system that is intended for others to copy. It contains the essential elements of the system however, Third party developer third parties may enhance or modify the design as required. ref cite web url http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t reference design&i 50334,00.asp publisher PC Magazine Encyclopedia accessdate 20 December 2011 title Definition reference design ref Reference Design Packages enable a fast track to market thereby cutting costs and reducing risk in the customer s integration project. Reference designs enable customers to shorten their time to market. In this modern competitive world shortening the design cycle and speeding up the time to market is the major challenge faced by Original equipment manufacturer s OEMs . The main purpose of reference design is to support companies in development of next generation products using latest technologies. The reference product is proof of the platform concept and is usually targeted for specific applications. As the predominant customer for reference designs are OEM s, many reference designs are created by technology component vendors, whether hardware or software, as a means to increase the likelihood that their product will be designed into the OEM s product, giving them a competitive advantage. Examples NanoBook , a reference design of a miniature laptop Open source hardware also Category Open hardware RONJA , a free and open telecommunication technology free Internet VIA OpenBook , a free and open reference design of a laptop References Reflist Use dmy dates date December 2011 DEFAULTSORT Reference Design Category Electronics manufacturing Electronics stub sv Referensdesign ... more details
About a mental illness the album by Psyopus Ideas of Reference Ideas of reference and delusions of reference involve people having a belief or perception that irrelevant, unrelated or innocuous phenomena in the world refer to them directly or have special personal significance the notion that everything ... in Western Literature 2005 p. 117 ref In psychiatry, delusions of reference form part of the diagnostic ... like methamphetamine . Freudian views Sigmund Freud considered that ideas of reference illuminated ... of the superego is most clearly seen in ideas of reference and of being influenced....Delusions ... p. 430 1 ref Lacan similarly saw ideas of reference as linked to the unbalancing of the relation ..., validation rather than clinical condemnation of ideas of reference frequently took place, on the grounds for example that the patient s ideas of reference and influence and delusions ... 1969 p. 39 ref Laing also considered of the way in typical paranoid ideas of reference, the person ... with the patient reveals in fact that what tortures him is not so much his delusions of reference ... at all . ref Laing, p. 136 ref Delusions of reference Ideas of reference must be distinguished from delusions of reference, which may be similar in content but are held with greater conviction . ref P ... Adams, p. 540 ref At the same time, there may be transitions...to delusions from ideas of reference whereas abortive ideas of reference, in the beginning of their development or, in Schizotypal personality ... rigidly controlled by his superego...readily forms sensitive ideas of reference . A key ... of reference . ref A. C. P. Sims, Symptoms in the Mind 2003 p. 129 ref Within the focus of paranoia ... Emissary London 2010 p. 399 ref Examples Persons with ideas of reference may experience Believing ... Generalized other Imaginary friend Paranoia Paranoiac critical method Personal boundaries Reference group Salvador Dal Surrealism References Reflist colwidth 40em references DEFAULTSORT Ideas Of Reference ... more details
A reference interview is a conversation between a librarian and a library user, usually at a library reference desk reference desk , in which the librarian responds to the user s initial explanation of his ... to appropriate information resources. Definition Bopp & Smith 1995 defines the reference interview as the conversation between a member of the library reference staff and a library user for the purpose ..., Linda C. Reference and Information Services An Introduction , Second Edition. Englewood, CO Libraries Unlimited, 1995. p. 37. ref According to ODLIS, the reference interview is the interpersonal communication that occurs between a reference librarian and a library user to determine the person s specific information need s , which may turn out to be different from the reference question as initially posed...A reference interview may occur in person, by telephone, or electronically usually via e mail at the request of the user, but a well trained reference librarian will sometimes initiate ... ODLIS Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science . Edited by Joan M. Reitz. ref Parts of a reference interview The reference interview is structured to help the librarian provide answers ..., K. and Dewdney, P. Conducting the Reference Interview A How To Do It Manual for Librarians . London ... ensure that they have correctly explained what they require. When the reference librarian believes ... what the library user required. Reference interview techniques The purpose behind the reference interview ... use a number of interview techniques to help identify the user s exact need. Poor reference interview ... library user. ref Nilsen, K., 2005 . Virtual versus Face to Face Reference Comparing Users Perspectives on Visits to Physical and Virtual Reference Desks in Public and Academic Libraries . World Library ... of the most common mistakes made in the reference interview. ref Nilsen, K., 2005 . Virtual versus Face to Face Reference Comparing Users Perspectives on Visits to Physical and Virtual Reference Desks ... more details
This article is about a kind of publication. Reference work may also refer to the work that librarians perform at a library reference desk . Unreferenced date May 2009 A reference work is a book to which you can refer for confirmed facts. ref cite web last Farlex title The Free Dictionary by Farlex url http wwwxcom reference work accessdate 2 May 2012 ref The information is intended to be quickly found when needed. Reference works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative the authors avoid use of the first person, and emphasize facts. index publishing Indexes are commonly provided in many types of reference work. Updated edition s are published as needed, in some cases annual publication annually . Reference works include dictionaries , thesauruses, encyclopedias , almanacs, biographies and compendia see further examples below . ref name Library cite web last The University of Santo Tomas Miguel de Benavides Library title The Reference Materials url http library.ust.edu.ph pages reference.html accessdate 3 May 2012 ref Many reference works are available in electronic form and can be obtained as software packages or online through the Internet . In comparison, a reference book or reference only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and not borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works in the first sense which are usually used only briefly or photocopied from, and therefore do not need to be borrowed. Keeping them in the library assures that they will always be available for use on demand. Other reference only books are ones that are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from library circulation circulating items, or individual reference ... Category Lexicography Category Reference works af Naslaanwerk be de Nachschlagewerk es ... more details
About the computer operating system component broadcast reference monitor Broadcast reference monitor audio reference monitor Studio monitor In operating system s architecture a reference monitor concept defines a set of design requirements on a reference validation mechanism, which enforces an access control policy over subjects e.g., processes and users ability to perform operations e.g., read and write on objects e.g., files and sockets on a system. The properties of a reference monitor are The reference validation mechanism must always be invoked complete mediation . Without this property, it is possible for an attacker to bypass the mechanism and violate the security policy. The reference validation mechanism must be tamperproof tamperproof . Without this property, an attacker can undermine the mechanism itself so that the security policy is not correctly enforced. The reference validation mechanism must be small enough to be subject to analysis and tests, the completeness of which can be assured verifiable . Without this property, the mechanism might be flawed in such a way that the policy is not enforced. For example, Windows 3.1x Windows 3.x and 9x operating systems were not built with a reference monitor, whereas the Windows NT line, which also includes Windows 2000 and Windows XP , was designed to contain a reference monitor, ref http www.microsoft.com resources documentation ... it was intended to provide. The claim is that a reference validation mechanism that satisfies the reference monitor concept will correctly enforce a system s access control policy, as it must be invoked ... analysis and testing to verify correctness. The abstract model of a reference monitor has been widely .... E. 1999 . The Reference Monitor Concept as a Unifying Principle in Computer Security Education. IN PROCEEDINGS ... Security ref the reference monitor concept was introduced by James Anderson in an influential ... must enforce the reference monitor concept. References references See also Security kernel Category ... more details
A reference architecture in the field of software architecture or enterprise architecture provides a template solution for an architecture for a particular domain. It also provides a common vocabulary with which to discuss implementations, often with the aim to stress commonality. A reference software architecture is a software architecture ref name DSA2 cite book last Clements first Paul coauthors Felix Bachmann, Len Bass, David Garlan, James Ivers, Reed Little, Paulo Merson, Robert Nord, Judith Stafford title Documenting Software Architectures Views and Beyond, Second Edition publisher Addison Wesley year 2010 location Boston isbn 0321552687 ref where the structures and respective elements and relations provide templates for concrete architectures in a particular domain or in a family of software systems. A reference architecture often consists of a list of functions and some indication ... of the reference architecture. Reference architectures can be defined at different levels ... task. A reference architecture provides a template, often based on the generalization of a set .... Reference Architectures will be instantiated for a particular domain or for specific projects. Examples The Java Platform, Enterprise Edition Java EE architecture is a layered reference architecture which provides a template solution for many enterprise systems developed in Java. The reference ... ref is a reference architecture for the Insurance domain. This reference architecture from ... based reference architecture for automotive software architectures. Unisys 3D Blueprints ref http ... ref are a collection of reference architectures from Unisys Corp. for diverse domains such as financial ... a Reference Architecture within an organisation accelerates delivery through the re use of an effective ... use within an organisation. See also Business reference model Enterprise Architecture framework Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology GERAM Reference model References ... more details
Guide to Reference , published in 2008 as the online successor to Guide to Reference Books , is a selective guide to the best print and online reference sources. An editorial team of reference librarians ... basis. It is intended as a resource for libraries when answering reference questions, planning ... reference libraries throughout the United States. However, its popularity of use had dropped in recent ... publications for further reading, Kroeger used her book to codify both the principles of education for reference librarianship and reference librarianship s province of expertise Kieft, 331 . It also included a series of indexes describing and evaluating reference publications on a variety of topics and was meant to help the aspiring librarian learn about the most useful and reliable reference sources ... and Use of Reference Books A Manual for Librarians, Teachers and Students . Kroeger produced two ... asked Isadore Gilbert Mudge , head of the reference department for the library at Columbia University ... decades, pushing their reference staff to essentially lead four lives as editors, administrators, collection builders, and front line reference specialists Plotnik, 130 . Much of the work for the Guide was accomplished alongside the normal reference work duties of collection development and assisting students and professors with their research requests. During this time the indexes on reference materials expanded and the book went through two title changes New Guide to Reference Books in 1923 and Guide to Reference Books in 1929. After taking the volume through three decades and four new editions ... individual publications. When Eugene P. Sheehy took over as head of reference at Columbia in 1967 .... No longer the vision of a lone individual, the Guide became an increasingly cooperative project as reference ... of Florida s Marston Science Library. References Cheatham, Bertha M. Reviews the Book Guide to Reference .... Review of The Guide to Reference Books by Eugene P. Sheehy. Library Journal. September 15, 1968 89 ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A reference beam is a laser beam used to read and write hologram s. It is one of two laser beams used to create a hologram. In order to read a hologram out, some aspects of the reference beam namely its angle of incidence , beam profile and wavelength must be reproduced exactly as when it was used to write the hologram. As a result, usually reference beams are Gaussian beam s or spherical wave beams beams that radiate from a single point which are fairly easy to reproduce. The other beam used to write a hologram is the signal beam or object beam. DEFAULTSORT Reference Beam Category Optics Category Holography optics stub es Rayo de referencia ... more details
code and code ref struct code pairs define managed reference types. On the Java software platform Java platform , all composite and user defined types are reference types. Only primitive type s are value types. Windows Component Object Model COM objects are Reference counting reference counted reference ... language Ruby , all types are reference types, including primitive types. DEFAULTSORT Reference ... more details
Infobox company name Credo Reference logo Image Credo logo horizontal.gif frameless type Privately held ... br Vice President of Worldwide Sales Carol Helton industry Reference Database services products Credo General Reference br Credo Publisher Collections revenue num employees homepage http corp.credoreference.com corp.CredoReference.com Credo Reference formerly xrefer is a company offering online reference content by subscription . Founded in 1999, Credo Reference provides full text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, ref name ... Sweet The Rise of Credo Reference . Information Today. 2011 06 16. Accessed 2011 06 16. Archived by WebCite .... ref citation title Reference sources for small and medium sized libraries page 11 author ..., CEO Mike Sweet stated that Credo Reference aimed to satisfy both what librarians want in terms ... reference sources by Library Journal focused on Credo Reference and three similar services, posing the question whether we should begin to expect more from a reference ebook collection than ... lj ljinprintcurrentissue 886908 403 ereviews general reference sources and.html.csp eReviews General Reference Sources and Short Takes . LibraryJournal.com. 2011 06 15. Accessed 2011 06 15. Archived by WebCite at http www.webcitation.org 5zTSt1ROw ref The review noted Credo Reference ... resources, and internal linking within the site from one reference work to another. History The company was founded as Xrefer in 1999. Xrefer initially provided free access to several dozen reference ..., offering an expanded collection of reference materials and a customizable interface. The free xrefer ... search.jsp Archive as of June 21, 2003 ref The name Credo Reference was adopted in 2007 the company .... Access to Credo Reference is free to end users provided their library is a subscriber. Credo Reference ... General Reference is the company s core offering. It is complemented by Publisher Collections and Subject ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A reference table or table of reference may mean a set of references that an author may have cited or gained inspiration from whilst writing an article, similar to a bibliography . It can also mean an Table information information table that is used as a quick and easy reference for things that are difficult to remember such as comparing Imperial unit imperial with SI metric measurements. In the context of database design a reference table is a table into which an enumeration enumerated set of possible values of a certain field data type is divested. For example, in a relational model relational database model of a warehouse the entity Item may have a field called status with a predefined set of values such as sold , reserved , out of stock . In a purely designed database these values would be divested into an extra entity or Reference Table called status in order to achieve database normalisation . The entity status in this case has no true representative in the real world but rather would an exceptional case where the attribute of a certain database entity is divested into its own table. The advantage of doing this is that internal functionality and optional conditions within the database and the software which utilizes it are easier to modify and extend on that particular aspect. Establishing an enterprise wide view of reference tables is called master data management . DEFAULTSORT Reference Table Category Data management Publish stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Ideas of Reference Type Album Artist Psyopus Cover Psyopus Ideas Of Reference.jpg Released October 19, 2004 Recorded November 3 9, 2003 Genre Mathcore Length 43 28 Label Metal Blade Black Market Activities Producer Reviews Decoy Music 4.4 5 http www.decoymusic.com index.php?content reviews&reviewid 1040&oldreview 1 Punknews Rating 4.5 5 http www.punknews.org review 2980 Scene Point Blank 9.0 10 http www.scenepointblank.com reviews psyopus ideas of reference Last album This album Ideas of Reference br 2004 Next album Our Puzzling Encounters Considered br 2007 About an album ideas of reference as a factor in mental health Ideas of reference Ideas of Reference is the debut album by Psyopus , released on October 19, 2004. Track listing Mork and Mindy Daydream Lover 3 56 The White Light 3 22 Death, I... 4 58 The Long Road to the 4th Dimension 4 06 Mannequin 2 43 MirrorriM 2 51 Imogen s Puzzle 1 59 Anomaly 3 39 Bones to Dust 15 39 Personnel Adam Frapolli Vocals Christopher Arp Guitar Greg Herman Drums Fred DeCoste Bass Category 2004 debut albums Category Psyopus albums Category Black Market Activities albums it Ideas of Reference ... more details
Infobox Film name Frames of Reference image Frames Of Reference Film Capture.jpg image size caption Frames Of Reference Screen shot from film director producer Physical Sciences Study Committee writer narrator starring Professors Donald Ivey and Patterson Hume music cinematography editing studio distributor released 1960 Toronto, Ontario runtime country language English budget gross preceded by followed by Frames of Reference is a 1960 educational film by Physical Sciences Study Committee . The film was made to be shown in high school physics courses. In the film University of Toronto physics professors Patterson Hume and Donald Ivey explain the distinction between Inertial frame of reference inertial and Non inertial reference frame nonintertial Frame of reference frames of reference , while demonstrating these concepts through humorous camera tricks. For example, the film opens with Dr. Hume, who appears to be upside down, accusing Dr. Ivey of being upside down. Only when the pair flip a coin does it become obvious that Dr. Ivey &mdash and the camera &mdash are indeed inverted. The film s humor serves both to hold students interest and to demonstrate the concepts being discussed. References Turner, Joseph 1962 . http www.sciencemag.org cgi issue pdf edboard pdf 136 3514.pdf Art for Science s Sake. Science 136 3514 359. External links http www.archive.org details frames of reference Frames of Reference 1960 . Internet Archive. Category Canadian films Category Documentary films about science Category 1960s documentary films Category Educational materials Canada film stub sci documentary stub ... more details
about the album the reference point group model Mobility model the racehorse Reference Point horse Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Reference Point Type Album Artist Acoustic Alchemy Cover AAReferencePoint.jpg Released 1990 Recorded 1990 at br Hansa Haus Studios , Bonn , Germany Genre Smooth Jazz Length 44 54 Label GRP Records GRP 9614 Producer John Parsons musician John Parsons Last album 3rd br Blue Chip Acoustic Alchemy album Blue Chip br 1989 This album 4th br Reference Point br 1990 Next album 5th br Back On The Case br 1991 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3 5 ref Allmusic class album id r82701 ref Reference Point is the first album by Acoustic Alchemy released in 1990 in music 1990 for jazz label GRP Records GRP and their fourth album overall. Containing some of the band s more popular tracks, such as the title track Reference Point , Same Road, Same Reason and Cuban Heels , the nine track album is also the only album by the band to offer a cover track Take Five . Track listing class wikitable Title Writers Duration 1 Reference Point Webb Carmichael Parsons 4 30 2 Missing Your Touch Webb Carmichael Parsons 4 42 3 Take Five Desmond 4 38 4 Same Road, Same Reason Carmichael 4 53 5 Make My Day Carmichael 4 09 6 Caravan of Dreams Webb James 2 57 7 Homecoming Webb Carmichael Parsons 5 31 8 Cuban Heels Carmichael 3 31 9 Lullaby for the First Born Carmichael Webb 3 35 References Reflist Category Acoustic Alchemy albums Category GRP Records albums Category 1990 albums ko Reference Point ja Reference Point ... more details
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