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Encyclopedia results for Reference model

Reference model





Encyclopedia results for Reference model

  1. Reference model

    A reference model in systems engineering systems , enterprise engineering enterprise , and software engineering .... A reference model can represent the component parts of any consistent idea, from business functions ... Standards a reference model is an abstract framework for understanding significant relationships ... supporting that environment. A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts ... different implementations. ref cite web title OASIS SOA Reference Model url http www.oasis open.org ... of concepts rolled up into that of a reference model. Each of these concepts is important Abstract a reference model is abstract. The things described by a reference model are not actual ... of the reference model. One must understand the concept of a wall in order to build a house that has walls. Entities and relationships A reference model contains both entities things that exist and relationships ... a reference model. Within an environment A reference model does not attempt to describe all things. A reference model is used to clarify things within an environment or a problem space. To be useful, a reference model should include a clear description of the problem that it solves, and the concerns ... computing environment. A reference model is a mechanism for understanding the problems faced, not the solutions ... value to the practitioner. Note That does not preclude the development of a reference model that describes ... applications. The uses of a reference model There are many uses for a reference model. One ... model is to educate. Using a reference model, leaders in software development can help break down ... to efficiently focus on their work. A third use of a reference model is to improve communication between people. A reference model breaks up a problem into entities, or things that exist all by themselves ... created in an explicit manner, a reference model is useful by defining how these concepts differ from .... A fourth use of a reference model is to create clear roles and responsibilities. By creating ...   more details



  1. Business reference model

    . In enterprise engineering a business reference model is part of an Enterprise Architecture Framework or Architecture Framework . An Enterprise Architecture Framework defines in a series of reference models, how to organize the structure and view model views associated with an Enterprise Architecture . Overview A reference model in general is a model of something that embodies the basic goal or idea of something and can then be looked at as a reference for various purposes. A business reference model is a means to describe the business operations of an organization, independent of the organizational structure that perform them. Other types of business reference model can also depict the relationship ... model. These reference model can be constructed in layers, and offer a foundation for the analysis ... model is the Business Reference Model , one of five reference models of the Federal Enterprise Architecture ... them. The Business Reference Model provides an organized, hierarchical construct for describing the day ... CRM.PDF FEA Consolidated Reference Model Document . May 2005. ref Federal government Image FEA BRM ... Model PRM Business Reference Model BRM Service Component Reference Model SRM Technical Reference Model TRM Data Reference Model DRM The Federal Government Business Reference Model FA BRM provides ... process modeling Enterprise modelling Integrated business planning OASIS SOA Reference Model Open System Environment Reference Model Organizational architecture Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework View model Workflow Reference Model Zachman Framework References reflist Further reading Commonscat ...Image Government Business Reference Model.svg thumb 360px Example of the US Federal Enterprise Architecture FEA Business Reference Model. ref FEA 2005 http www.archives.gov records mgmt pdf rm profile.pdf FEA Records Management Profile, Version 1.0 . December 15, 2005. ref Business reference model is a reference model , concentrating on the functional and organizational aspects of the core business ...   more details



  1. Workflow Reference Model

    First published in 1995 the Workflow Reference Model was developed by the Workflow Management Coalition to define a workflow workflow management system and to identify the most important system interfaces. Other WfMC standards make reference to this model. http www.wfmc.org graphics processmodel large.gif Reference Model Diagram Business reference model References http www.wfmc.org standards docs tc003v11.pdf Reference Model The Workflow Reference Model WFMC TC 1003, 19 Jan 95, 1.1 211Kb pdf http www.wfmc.org standards referencemodel.htm workflow reference model diagram Workflow Reference Model Diagram http www.wfmc.org index.php?option com docman&task doc details&gid 110&Itemid 126 The Workflow Reference Model 10 Years On 570kb PDF External links http www.wfmc.org Workflow Management Coalition http www.kswenson.com wiki Wiki.jsp?page Main Workflow and BPM Wiki featuring WfMC Category Workflow technology Category Business process management Category Reference models de Arbeitsablauf es Flujo de trabajo fr Mod le de r f rence du Workflow id Workflow pl Workflow pt Workflow zh cn soft eng stub ...   more details



  1. Common reference string model

    In cryptography, the common reference string CRS model captures the assumption that a trusted setup in which all involved parties get access to the same string crs taken from some distribution D exists. Schemes Provable security proven secure in the CRS model are secure given that the setup was performed correctly. The common reference string model is a generalization of the common random string model, in which D is the uniform distribution of bit strings. As stated in ref Ran Canetti and Marc Fischlin Universally Composable Commitments Cryptology ePrint Archive Report 2001 055 http eprint.iacr.org 2001 055 link ref , the CRS model is equivalent to the reference string model ref Marc Fischlin, Roger Fischlin Efficient Non malleable Commitment Schemes. CRYPTO 2000 413 431 ref and the public parameters model ref Ivan Damg rd Efficient Concurrent Zero Knowledge in the Auxiliary String Model. EUROCRYPT 2000 418 430 ref . The CRS model has applications in the study of non interactive zero knowledge proof s and universal composability . References references crypto stub Category Cryptographic protocols Category Theory of cryptography ...   more details



  1. OASIS SOA Reference Model

    rewrite date August 2007 lead rewrite date March 2012 The OASIS SOA Reference Model is a reference model ..., applicable to domains beyond software systems. A reference model in systems, enterprise ... supporting that environment. A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts and may be used as a basis for education and explaining standards to a non specialist. A reference model ... implementations. The Reference Model for SOA is a lexicon that captures the style of architecture known as SOA. Description History The OASIS SOA Reference Model is a product of the OASIS SOA Reference ... abbrev soa rm OASIS Reference Model for Service Oriented Architecture SOA ref Prior to this initiative ... a core Reference Model to guide and foster the creation of specific service oriented architectures, and to publish a reference model for SOA, as well as one or more reference architectures based on the Reference ... the OASIS SOA Reference Model ref The reference model was approved as an OASIS Standard by OASIS ... Model ref Current status While the OASIS SOA Reference model has been welcomed in some quarters, ref http jdj.sys con.com read 314124.htm Considering the SOA Reference Model Part 1 , http jdj.sys con.com read 318420.htm Considering the SOA Reference Model Part 2 ref there is some indication of rival ... Architecture... ref ref http www.infoq.com news 2007 02 soa rm2 Psst ... got a SOA Reference Model ... Model is that of service , which the Reference Model defines as follows A mechanism to enable ... are the principal concepts that the Reference Model defines around services. Visibility, Interaction ... concepts described above as well as other concepts that the Reference Model defines, in parentheses ... the Reference Model incorporates the notion of processes through its Process Model concept, the extent of this aspect of the Reference Model is intentionally not completely defined. For example, the Reference ... may be part of the process model. This is because the focus of the Reference Model is on modeling ...   more details



  1. Information visualization reference model

    The Information visualization reference model is an example of a reference model for information visualization , developed by Ed Chi in 1999. ref Ed H. Chi. http www users.cs.umn.edu echi phd A Framework for Information Visualization Spreadsheets . Ph.D. Thesis. University of Minnesota, Computer Science Department. March, 1999. ref , under the name of the data state model . Chi showed that the framework successfully modeled a wide array of visualization applications and later showed that the model was functionally equivalent to the data flow model used in existing graphics toolkits such as VTK . Overview In previous work, according to Chi 2000 , researchers have attempted to construct taxonomies of information visualization techniques by examining the data domains that are compatible with these techniques. This is useful because implementers can quickly identify various techniques that can be applied to their domain of interest. However, these taxonomies do not help the implementers understand how to apply and implement these techniques . ref name EHC00 E.H. Chi 2000 . A taxonomy of visualization techniques using the data statereference model . In Information Visualization, 2000. InfoVis 2000 . IEEE Symposium on Volume , Issue , 2000 Page s 69 75. ref According to Chi 2000 , he and J.T. Reidl in 1998 extends and proposes a new way to taxonomize information visualization techniques by using the Data State Model . Many of the techniques share similar operating steps that can easily be reused. The Data State Model not only helps researchers understand the space of design, but also ... interpretation of this pattern, dubbing it the information visualization reference model. ref Jock D ... using the Data State Reference Model . External links http www.infovis wiki.net index.php?title Patterns Reference Model Description of the Information Visualization Reference Model at the http www.infovis wiki.net InfoVis Wiki includes references describing the model and its use. Category Computational ...   more details



  1. Digital Earth Reference Model

    The term Digital Earth Reference Model DERM was coined by Tim Foresman in context with a vision for an all encompassing geospatial platform as an abstract for information flow in support of Al Gore s vision for a Digital Earth . ref Tim Foresman conversation with Charles Herring in New Zealand, Digital Earth Convention, 2007 ref The Digital Earth reference model seeks to facilitate and promote the use of georeferenced information from multiple sources over the Internet. ref John D. Evans, NASA Digital Earth Office, June 2001 see http www.cartome.org draft derm.htm ref A digital Earth reference model defines a fixed global reference frame for the Earth using four principles of a digital digital system , ref Perry R. Peterson, Gene Girard, Charles Herring, 2006. see http www.pyxisinnovation.com pyxwiki index.php?title Digital Earth Reference Model ref namely Discrete partitioning using regular or irregular cell mesh, tiling or Grid spatial index Grid ref Sahr, K., D. White and A.J. Kimerling. 2003. Geodesic Discrete Global Grid Systems , Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Vol ... reference model is made in the manner the entire Earth surface is covered. Tessellation refer to a finite ... frame for a digital Earth reference model is a tessellation while the mathematical frame for an analog Earth reference is a lattice. The value of a digital Earth reference model to encode information ..., aggregation, and analytical, fusion and modeling transforms. Data reference to a Digital Earth Reference Model DERM becomes Ubiquity ubiquitous facilitating distributed spatial queries such as What ... encompassed a complete digital Earth reference model where both a formation of digits that represent ... using an analog reference require rigorous manual conflation to satisfy the creation of digital products ... model with a continuum of locations geometric transformation are straight forward with no requirements ... reference frame and the ancillary requirements for metadata and attribute semantics. References ...   more details



  1. Object model reference

    Multiple issues orphan June 2011 unreferenced January 2009 Object model reference provides detailed definitions Interface computing interfaces and Class computer programming classes and specification of an Object computer science object in an object oriented language . Right now, the only rendering is to the Java programming language Java language . However, the specification has been created with C Sharp programming language C in mind. Citation needed date January 2009 C rendering is expected to be provided in future. compu prog stub DEFAULTSORT Object Model Reference Category Object oriented programming ...   more details



  1. CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model

    The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model CRM provides an extensible Ontology computer science ontology for concept s and information in cultural heritage and museum Information science documentation . It is the international standard International Organization for Standardization ISO   21127 2006 for the controlled exchange of cultural heritage information. ref http www.iso.org iso en CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER 34424&scopelist PROGRAMME ISO 21127 2006 Information and documentation A reference ontology for the interchange of cultural heritage information ref Archive s, library libraries , museum s, and other cultural institutions are encouraged to use the CIDOC CRM to enhance accessibility to museum related information and knowledge . History The CIDOC CRM emerged from the CIDOC ... a reference model and information standard that museums, and other cultural heritage institutions ... sharing. blockquote The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model CRM provides definitions and a formal structure ... an important information standard and reference model for Semantic Web initiatives, and serves as a guide for Data modeling data , or Database model database , modeling more generally. Technically speaking ... of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, October 2006. Version 4.2.1 http citeseer.ist.psu.edu 159984.html ... Reference Model doi 10.1145 1367080.1367085 http www.rlg.org en downloads 2002metadata gill index.html ... Das CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model Eine Hilfe f r den Datenaustausch? Berlin, 2005 German External ... Category Knowledge representation Category International Council of Museums Category Reference models de CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model fr CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model fi CIDOC ... relationship model for museum information, however, in 1996, the approach shifted to Object Oriented Modeling object oriented modeling methodologies, resulting in the first CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model CRM in 1999. The process of standardizing the CIDOC CRM began in 2000 and was completed ...   more details



  1. OGC Reference Model

    The OGC Reference Model describes a framework for the ongoing work of the Open Geospatial Consortium OGC and their specifications and implementing interoperable solutions and applications for geospatial services, data, and applications. It is not an OGC standard. It has the following purposes Provides a foundation for coordination and understanding both internal and external to OGC of ongoing OGC activities and the Technical Baseline Update Replacement of parts of the 1998 OpenGIS Guide Describes the OGC requirements baseline for geospatial interoperability Describes the OGC architecture framework through a series of non overlapping viewpoints including existing and future elements Regularize the development of domain specific interoperability architectures by providing examples. External links The full specification is a public document, and can be http www.opengeospatial.org standards orm downloaded from the OGC Web site. OGC Category Standards Category Geographic information systems Category Reference models Category Open Geospatial Consortium cs OGC referen n model sr OGC ...   more details



  1. Agent systems reference model

    The agent systems reference model ASRM is a layered, abstract description for multiagent systems . As such, the reference model provides a taxonomy of terms, concepts and definitions to compare agent systems identifies functional elements that are common in agent systems captures data flow and dependencies among the functional elements in agent systems and specifies assumptions and requirements regarding the dependencies among these elements. The ASRM differentiates itself from technical standard s, such as Knowledge Interchange Format , Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language , and those of the FIPA Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents in that it defines the required existence of components of a multiagent system standards prescribe how they are designed . Technical approach The ASRM was technically constructed through Reverse engineering forensic software analysis of existing agent based systems. Such fielded systems include Java Agent DEvelopment framework JaDE , Cougaar , Extendable mobile agent architecture EMAA , NOMADS , Retsina agent framework Retsina , A Globe , among others. In so doing, through empirical evidence, the ASRM motivates its functional breakdown of agent based systems. Description of the ASRM layers Add this to the table after more text has been added align right class wikitable colspan 4 ASRM the Layered Model Layer Examples rowspan 4 Agent based ... Reference Model Architecture Agent based model Artificial Intelligence Complex systems Distributed artificial intelligence Intelligent agent Multiagent system Reference model Software agent Further reading expand further date February 2012 http www.fipa.org docs ACIN reference model v1a.pdf Version 1.0a of the ASRM The Case for a Reference Model for Agent Based Systems. Pragnesh Jay Modi, William ... and specification of a reference model for agent based systems. IEEE Trans. Sys. Man Cyber ... Reference models Category Artificial intelligence comp sci stub ...   more details



  1. Data Reference Model

    Image DRM Collaboration Process.jpg thumb 320px The DRM Collaboration Process. The Data Reference Model DRM is one of the five reference models of the Federal Enterprise Architecture FEA . Overview The DRM is a framework whose primary purpose is to enable information sharing and reuse across the United States federal government via the standard description and discovery of common data and the promotion of uniform data management practices. The DRM describes artifacts which can be generated from the data architectures of federal government agencies. The DRM provides a flexible and standards based approach to accomplish its purpose. The scope of the DRM is broad, as it may be applied within a single agency, within a Community of interest computer security Community of Interest COI 1, or cross COI. Data Reference Model topics DRM structure The DRM provides a standard means by which data may be described, categorized, and shared. These are reflected within each of the DRM s three standardization areas Data Description Provides a means to uniformly describe data, thereby supporting its discovery and sharing. Data Context Facilitates discovery of data through an approach to the categorization of data according to taxonomies. Additionally, enables the definition of authoritative data assets within a COI. Data Sharing Supports the access and exchange of data where access consists of ad hoc requests such as a query of a data asset , and exchange consists of fixed, re occurring transactions between parties. Enabled by capabilities provided by both the Data Context and Data Description standardization areas. DRM Version 2 The Data Reference Model version 2 released in November 2005 is a 114 ... reflist External links http colab.cim3.net cgi bin wiki.pl?DataReferenceModel Data Reference Model Public Forum http www.defenselink.mil cio nii docs DoD DRM v04 5Aug.pdf US Department of Defense Data Reference Model Category Computer data Category Data management Category Reference models ...   more details



  1. Independent Reference Model

    Unreferenced date December 2009 The Independent Reference Model I.R.M is a conceptual Model person model used in the analysis of Electronic storage storage system disk drives, caches, etc. The motivation for coming up with this model and others like it is to compensate for the lack of traces in such storage devices. A trace is simply a logging of a set of data regarding the performance of the storage device, focusing on the I O request packet I O requests how many read write operations, the size a each request, the exact address Logical Unit Number LUN wise , and a time stamp. Accurate, valid and detailed traces of actual storage systems are very difficult to get for the purpose of academic analysis for reasons that are beyond the scope of this article , and that is why such models are a necessity. Usually, the data that is available is much coarser and low in quality, in comparison to a full trace For example, the data might record for every unit of time T, the number of I Os that took place at each LUN or track , along with the total hit miss ratios. For example For a disk drive with 4 tracks, A, B, C and D and after 15 minutes of work, the I O requests were the following 7600, 20 ..., a maximal amount of work . Independent Reference Model The I.R.M. was first introduced by E. Coffman and P. Denning, and it is still in active use today. It is a most simplified model based and what little trace data that was available. In this memoryless model, every I O reference represents an i.i.d multinomial random variable , whose outcome in the location of the next reference track. Thus ... 7600 N, B &rarr 20 N, C &rarr 50 N and D &rarr 6000 N. The benefit of this model, other than being ... case scenario, we can t be off by very much in the result of the model, as illustrated in the following ... model a technical computation that will not be brought here , then the expectancy is 1,000 travels between ... model always satisfies that it is always off by, at most, a multiple of two. Category Information ...   more details



  1. Metrics Reference Model

    at all levels to understand what s important See also Business Intelligence br Reference Model br Performance Management br Performance Reference Model br Performance metric Metric References ref ... Model of an Organization gallery Content For each of the organizational elements, the MRM provides ... the BI data model. Using the MRM in industry br How the MRM may be used practically in the industry ... Program analysts Use the MRM to tailor to a specific program organization. Managers Use the MRM model ...   more details



  1. 4D-RCS Reference Model Architecture

    File 4D RCS reference model architecture for an individual vehicle.jpg thumb 420px 4D RCS reference model ... RCS Reference Model Architecture is a reference model for military unmanned vehicle s on how their software ... Reference Model Architecture , and has been applied to many kinds of robot control, including autonomous ..., August 2006 ref Overview 4D RCS is a reference model architecture that provides a theoretical ... the RCS reference model architecture for over 30 years. 4D RCS is the most recent version of RCS ... intelligence. ref name Albus02 Albus et al. 2002 . 4D RCS A Reference Model Architecture For Unmanned ... RCS Hierarchy File 4D RCS reference model architecture typical high level block diagram.jpg thumb 360px A high level block diagram of a typical 4D RCS reference model architecture. UAV Unmanned Air ... 4D RCS A Reference Model Architecture for Intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicles . In Proceedings ... albus 4DRCS ver2.pdf 4D RCS A Reference Model Architecture For Unmanned Vehicle Systems Version 2.2. NIST August 2002 External links commons category 4D RCS Reference Model Architecture http www.isd.mel.nist.gov ... Rcs Reference Model Architecture Category Control theory Category Industrial computing Category Unmanned ... on a model of the world rather than planning directly on processed sensor output. This may be accomplished ... in order to create a picture or snapshot of the world that is used to update a world model . ref ... agent architecture is based on the world model and the commanded mission goal, see image ... plans for an autonomous vehicle driving over rough terrain. In this system, the world model ... planning cycle, with the sensed information being updated into the world model at the beginning ... conference url http www.isd.mel.nist.gov documents albus 4DRCS.pdf format PDF title 4 D RCS reference model architecture for unmanned ground vehicles first J.A. last Albus booktitle Proc. of Symposium ... node within the hierarchy functions as a goal driven, model based, closed loop controller . Each ...   more details



  1. Counter machine reference model

    The Counter machine s reference model is a set of choices and conventions to be used with the Counter machine and other model variants of the Register machine concept. It permits comparisons between models ... models, labels and terminology. The reference base model is intended to preserve consistency ... and help give them definition. The base model is derived from Minsky 1967 , Lambek 1961 and in particular Shepherdson Sturgis 1963 p. 225 . Formal Definition The Counter machine reference model ... IC 1 IC Reference Library RefLib The Counter machine reference model library, or RefLib , is a set ... are of particular interest to this reference model. Even without their definition, the reader ... models , and the respectives reference models Pointer machine Reference model or RAMrefModel ... . Random access stored program machine Reference model base on the RAMrefModel. Category Models ... by, the plethora of instruction sets defined by their authors. This reference will use the symbolism .... Many authors have augmented the Formal Definition basic counter machine model instruction set ... See Talk page. NOTES Reference Table Syntax The symbols , and the syntax can be found in Boolos ... sub successor function S a a a 1 See Footnote Successor model 1 sub def sub predecessor function pd a a See Footnote Successor model Choice of Reference Base model This model does not use indirect addressing see Random Access Machine reference model . From either of two 3 instruction base sets all the other counter machine instructions can be derived. Both have advantages and disadvantages. The model ... model is arguably more basic because it closely resembles the Peano axioms, the operators of the primitive recursive function s, and the McCarthy Formalism . For more, see Footnote Successor model this footnote ... model. Choice of instruction mnemonics There is no conventional set of instruction names mnemonics ... jump to instruction 5 . Most authors use goto interchangeably with jump . This reference will follow ...   more details



  1. Open-system environment reference model

    File Open System Environment Reference Model.jpg thumb 320px Illustration of the open system environment reference model, 1995. ref name Hun95 Joseph I. Hungate et al. 1995 http nvl.nist.gov pub nistpubs ... OSE reference model RM or OSE reference model OSE RM is one of the first reference model s for enterprise .... History The open system environment reference model OSE RM refines the core POSIX model defined by the POSIX Working Group 1003.0 of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE . This model ... USERS NIST Bulletin 1996. Accessed 13 Dec 2008. ref OSE RM topics OSE reference model entities The three classes of OSE reference model entities are described as follows ref name Hun95 Application software Within the context of the OSE Reference Model, the application software includes data, documentation ... in the OSE reference model the application program interface and the external environment ... Reference Model.jpg thumb 240px Detailed DoD technical reference model of the TAFIM , is based on the Open System Environment model. ref name DoD96V2 Department of Defense 1996 . Technical Architecture ... environment model is a basic building block of several technical reference models and technical ... interoperate. A technical architecture is based on a technical reference model TRM and the selected .... ref name ACF A technical reference model can be defined as a taxonomy of services arranged according to a conceptual model, such as the Open System Environment model. The enumerated services are specific ... reflist Further reading Commonscat Open System Environment Reference Model Department of Defense 1996 . Technical Architecture Framework for Information Management. Vol. 2, Technical Reference Model . Defense Information Systems Agency 2001 . DoD Technical Reference Model, Version 2.0, April 9, 2001 ... of applications is called a profile. ref name Hun95 Two types of elements are used in the model ... for POSIX Open Systems Environment A Security Framework Category Reference models Category Enterprise ...   more details



  1. Sharable Content Object Reference Model

    refimprove date April 2007 Sharable Content Object Reference Model SCORM is a collection of standards and specifications for web based e learning . It defines communications between client side content and a host system called the run time environment, which is commonly supported by a learning management system . SCORM also defines how content may be packaged into a transferable ZIP file format ZIP file called Package Interchange Format . ref cite web url http www.scorm.com scorm explained technical scorm title Technical publisher SCORM date accessdate 2011 08 17 ref SCORM is a specification of the Advanced Distributed Learning ADL Initiative, which comes out of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Office of the United States Secretary of Defense . SCORM 2004 introduced a complex idea called sequencing, which is a set of rules that specifies the order in which a learner may experience content objects. In simple terms, they constrain a learner to a fixed set of paths through the training material, permit the learner to bookmark their progress when taking breaks, and assure the acceptability of test scores achieved by the learner. The standard uses XML , and it is based on the results of work done by Aviation Industry Computer Based Training Committee AICC , IMS Global , IEEE , and Ariadne software Ariadne . Compliance A testing initiative was started in 1996. In December 2003, the US Department of Defense mandated that all its e learning purchases must comply with SCORM standards ... ca SCORM cs SCORM da SCORM de SCORM es SCORM fa fr Sharable Content Object Reference Model ko SCORM it SCORM nl Sharable Content Object Reference Model no SCORM nn SCORM pl SCORM pt SCORM ... Aggregation Model &mdash describes packaging of content and learning object Run Time Environment &mdash describes runtime API and data model used for communication between content objects and learning ... , graphical reference poster and tools to help with conformance http www.conform2scorm.com ...   more details



  1. Reference

    Refimprove date April 2010 pp move indef Reference is a relation between objects in which one object ... object refers is called the referent of the first object. The term reference is used in many spheres ... hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography . The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects. Etymology The word reference is derived from ... science Main Reference computer science In computer science , Reference computer science reference ... of data structure s, such as linked list s. Generally, a reference is a value that enables a program to directly access the particular data item. Most programming language s support some form of reference. The C programming language has a specific type of reference also referred to as a reference see reference C . Bibliographies Bibliographies are special reference work s that are used to identify ... or researchers. Library and information sciences In a library , reference may refer to a dictionary , an encyclopedia or other reference work , that contains many brief articles that cover a broad scope of knowledge in one book, or a set of books. However, the word reference is also used to mean a book that cannot be taken from the room, or from the building. Many of the books in the reference department of a library are reference works, but some are books that are simply too large or valuable to loan out. Conversely, selected reference works may be shelved with other library circulation ... Resource Identifier URI . Librarians also conduct reference interview s at the library reference ... though virtual reference and digital reference services . Encyclopedias & books of facts Some published sources are produced as reference work s that allow quick access to essential information about .... Psychology In terms of mental processing, a self reference is used in psychology to establish ... own frames of reference in a greater state of immediate awareness. However, it can laso lead ...   more details



  1. Reference 54

    Orphan date September 2010 The Reference 54 is a model of alto saxophone alto and tenor saxophone s, and part of the Selmer Reference Reference series by musical instrument manufacturing company The Selmer Company Selmer . ref Cite web url http www.kesslermusic.com SelmerLeblanc referencesax.htm title Selmer Reference 54 & 36 Series Saxophones accessdate 17 May 2009 ref See also The Selmer Company References Reflist Woodwind instrument stub Category Musical instrument manufacturing companies Category Saxophones ...   more details



  1. Reference table

    Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A reference table or table of reference may mean a set of references that an author may have cited or gained inspiration from whilst writing an article, similar to a bibliography . It can also mean an Table information information table that is used as a quick and easy reference for things that are difficult to remember such as comparing Imperial unit imperial with SI metric measurements. In the context of database design a reference table is a table into which an enumeration enumerated set of possible values of a certain field data type is divested. For example, in a relational model relational database model of a warehouse the entity Item may have a field called status with a predefined set of values such as sold , reserved , out of stock . In a purely designed database these values would be divested into an extra entity or Reference Table called status in order to achieve database normalisation . The entity status in this case has no true representative in the real world but rather would an exceptional case where the attribute of a certain database entity is divested into its own table. The advantage of doing this is that internal functionality and optional conditions within the database and the software which utilizes it are easier to modify and extend on that particular aspect. Establishing an enterprise wide view of reference tables is called master data management . DEFAULTSORT Reference Table Category Data management Publish stub ...   more details



  1. Reference Point

    about the album the reference point group model Mobility model the racehorse Reference Point horse Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Reference Point Type Album Artist Acoustic Alchemy Cover AAReferencePoint.jpg Released 1990 Recorded 1990 at br Hansa Haus Studios , Bonn , Germany Genre Smooth Jazz Length 44 54 Label GRP Records GRP 9614 Producer John Parsons musician John Parsons Last album 3rd br Blue Chip Acoustic Alchemy album Blue Chip br 1989 This album 4th br Reference Point br 1990 Next album 5th br Back On The Case br 1991 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3 5 ref Allmusic class album id r82701 ref Reference Point is the first album by Acoustic Alchemy released in 1990 in music 1990 for jazz label GRP Records GRP and their fourth album overall. Containing some of the band s more popular tracks, such as the title track Reference Point , Same Road, Same Reason and Cuban Heels , the nine track album is also the only album by the band to offer a cover track Take Five . Track listing class wikitable Title Writers Duration 1 Reference Point Webb Carmichael Parsons 4 30 2 Missing Your Touch Webb Carmichael Parsons 4 42 3 Take Five Desmond 4 38 4 Same Road, Same Reason Carmichael 4 53 5 Make My Day Carmichael 4 09 6 Caravan of Dreams Webb James 2 57 7 Homecoming Webb Carmichael Parsons 5 31 8 Cuban Heels Carmichael 3 31 9 Lullaby for the First Born Carmichael Webb 3 35 References Reflist Category Acoustic Alchemy albums Category GRP Records albums Category 1990 albums ko Reference Point ja Reference Point ...   more details



  1. Reference architecture

    use within an organisation. See also Business reference model Enterprise Architecture framework Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology GERAM Reference model References ...A reference architecture in the field of software architecture or enterprise architecture provides a template solution for an architecture for a particular domain. It also provides a common vocabulary with which to discuss implementations, often with the aim to stress commonality. A reference software architecture is a software architecture ref name DSA2 cite book last Clements first Paul coauthors Felix Bachmann, Len Bass, David Garlan, James Ivers, Reed Little, Paulo Merson, Robert Nord, Judith Stafford title Documenting Software Architectures Views and Beyond, Second Edition publisher Addison Wesley year 2010 location Boston isbn 0321552687 ref where the structures and respective elements and relations provide templates for concrete architectures in a particular domain or in a family of software systems. A reference architecture often consists of a list of functions and some indication ... of the reference architecture. Reference architectures can be defined at different levels ... task. A reference architecture provides a template, often based on the generalization of a set .... Reference Architectures will be instantiated for a particular domain or for specific projects. Examples The Java Platform, Enterprise Edition Java EE architecture is a layered reference architecture which provides a template solution for many enterprise systems developed in Java. The reference ... ref is a reference architecture for the Insurance domain. This reference architecture from ... based reference architecture for automotive software architectures. Unisys 3D Blueprints ref http ... ref are a collection of reference architectures from Unisys Corp. for diverse domains such as financial ... a Reference Architecture within an organisation accelerates delivery through the re use of an effective ...   more details



  1. Reference monitor

    analysis and testing to verify correctness. The abstract model of a reference monitor has been widely ...About the computer operating system component broadcast reference monitor Broadcast reference monitor audio reference monitor Studio monitor In operating system s architecture a reference monitor concept defines a set of design requirements on a reference validation mechanism, which enforces an access control policy over subjects e.g., processes and users ability to perform operations e.g., read and write on objects e.g., files and sockets on a system. The properties of a reference monitor are The reference validation mechanism must always be invoked complete mediation . Without this property, it is possible for an attacker to bypass the mechanism and violate the security policy. The reference validation mechanism must be tamperproof tamperproof . Without this property, an attacker can undermine the mechanism itself so that the security policy is not correctly enforced. The reference validation mechanism must be small enough to be subject to analysis and tests, the completeness of which can be assured verifiable . Without this property, the mechanism might be flawed in such a way that the policy is not enforced. For example, Windows 3.1x Windows 3.x and 9x operating systems were not built with a reference monitor, whereas the Windows NT line, which also includes Windows 2000 and Windows XP , was designed to contain a reference monitor, ref http www.microsoft.com resources documentation ... it was intended to provide. The claim is that a reference validation mechanism that satisfies the reference monitor concept will correctly enforce a system s access control policy, as it must be invoked .... E. 1999 . The Reference Monitor Concept as a Unifying Principle in Computer Security Education. IN PROCEEDINGS ... Security ref the reference monitor concept was introduced by James Anderson in an influential ... must enforce the reference monitor concept. References references See also Security kernel Category ...   more details



  1. Reference counting

    Object Model COM makes pervasive use of reference counting. In fact, the three methods that all COM ... use manual reference counting, much like Component Object Model COM . However, as of Mac OS X v10.5 ...Refimprove date November 2009 In computer science , reference counting is a technique of storing the number ... garbage collection algorithm that uses these reference counts to deallocate objects which are no longer referenced. Use in garbage collection As a garbage collection algorithm, reference counting tracks, for each object, a count of the number of reference computer science reference s to it held by other objects. If an object s reference count reaches zero, the object has become inaccessible, and can be destroyed. When an object is destroyed, any objects referenced by that object also have their reference counts decreased. Because of this, removing a single reference can potentially lead to a large number of objects being freed. A common modification allows reference counting to be made incremental instead of destroying an object as soon as its reference count becomes zero, it is added to a list .... Simple reference counts require frequent updates. Whenever a reference is destroyed or overwritten, the reference count of the object it references is decremented, and whenever one is created or copied, the reference count of the object it references is incremented. Reference counting is also ... and disadvantages The main advantage of reference counting over tracing garbage collection .... Reference counting is also among the simplest forms of garbage collection to implement. It also ... may cause problems . Reference counting Weighted reference counting Weighted reference counts are a good ... space to be efficient. Reference counting performance does not deteriorate as the total amount of free ... accessdate December 5, 2009 id ISBN 3 540 55940 X Section 2.1. ref Reference counts are also useful ... due to frequent copies. However, if we know an object has only one reference as most do in many ...   more details




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