multiple issues refimprove November 2008 intro tooshort November 2009 elections A referendum also known ... and referenda are both commonly used as plurals of referendum . However, the use of referenda is deprecated ... as a plural form meaning ballots on one issue as a Latin gerund , referendum has no plural . The Latin ... in a petition of ordinary citizens, and as a referendum only if it consists of a proposal referred ... classification by necessity, a referendum may be mandatory , that is, the law usually the constitution ... binding. A referendum can also be facultative , that is it can be initiated at the will of a public ... referendum or plebiscite may be drafted by a constituent assembly before being put to voters. In other circumstances a referendum is usually initiated either by a legislature or by citizens themselves by means of a petition. The process of initiating a referendum by petition is known as the popular or citizens initiative . In the United States the term referendum is often reserved for a direct ... to as an initiative , ballot measure or proposition. In countries in which a referendum must be initiated by parliament, it is sometimes mandatory to hold a binding referendum on certain proposals, such as constitutional ... constitutional changes will be put to a referendum and that the result will be respected. By nature of their effects, referendums may be either binding or non binding . A non binding referendum ... of a non binding referendum and it may even choose to ignore them. This is particularly the case ..., citizen initiated referendum CIR questions are broad statements of intent, not detailed laws. Following a referendum vote, parliament itself has the sole power to draft, debate and pass enabling ... referendum make the politicians more accountable. Trust in politicians has grown by almost ... to be approved by a simple majority of voters in order for it to be carried. However, a referendum ... minimum turn out of the electorate in order for the result of a referendum to be considered ... more details
disambig There have been three referendums held in the territory of Gibraltar Gibraltar sovereignty referendum, 1967 Gibraltar sovereignty referendum, 2002 Gibraltar constitutional referendum, 2006 ... more details
Quebec referendum may refer to one of the two referendums held solely in Quebec Quebec referendum, 1980 , the 1980 plebiscite on Quebec independence, or sovereignty association Quebec referendum, 1995 , the 1995 plebiscite on Quebec independence, or sovereignty partnership It could possibly also refer to Quebec prohibition referendum, 1919 See also Referendums in Canada disambig ... more details
An independence referendum is a type of referendum in which the citizens of a territory country subdivision ... referendum is considered successful if the citizens vote in favor of independence or unsuccessful if they do not. A successful independence referendum may or may not result in independence .... Former successful independence referendums 1905 Norwegian union dissolution referendum, 1905 ref cite ... secession referendum, 1933 Western Australian referendum to become a Dominion within the British Empire, British parliament declined to act on the results. 1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum, 1944 led to independence from Denmark on 17 June 1944 1946 Faroese independence referendum, 1946 1946 Faroese referendum after this referendum, the Faroe Islands declared independence on 18 September 1946 however, this declaration was annulled by Denmark. 1958 In the referendum on September 28, 1958 ... 2, 1958. 1990 Slovenian independence referendum, 1990 1990 Slovenian independence referendum , led ..., this declaration was annulled by Russia. 1991 Croatian independence referendum, 1991 1991 Croatian independence referendum , led to independence of Croatia . Macedonian independence referendum, 1991 1991 Macedonian independence referendum , led to independence of the Republic of Macedonia . Ukrainian independence referendum, 1991 1991 Ukraine independence referendum , led to independence of Ukraine . Georgian independence referendum, 1991 , led to independence of Georgia country Georgia . Transnistrian referendum, 1991 , led to de facto independence of Transnistria . 1992 History of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992 Bosnian independence referendum , led to independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina . History of South Ossetia South Ossetian independence referendum, 1992 , led to de facto independence of South Ossetia . 1993 History of Eritrea Eritrean independence referendum, 1993 , led to independence of Eritrea . 1994 Moldovan referendum, 1994 the issue was whether Moldova should retain its ... more details
refimprove date April 2008 The ordinary referendum ref cite web url http www.environ.ie en LocalGovernment Voting PublicationsDocuments FileDownLoad,1893,en.pdf title The Referendum in Ireland publisher Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government accessdate 2008 04 23 ref is a referendum in the Republic of Ireland in which the president may refer a bill directly to the electorate before it becomes law. Articles 27 and 47 of the Constitution of Ireland provides for a referendum on a proposal other than a proposal to amend the constitution referred to in law as an ordinary referendum . The ordinary referendum exists in a reserve power of the President of Ireland known as reference of bills to the People . However this power has not yet been invoked so, to date, no ordinary referendum has ever occurred. Like the Amendments to the Constitution of Ireland constitutional referendum , which is a frequent occurrence in the Republic, the ordinary referendum is open to all adult Irish citizens. Overview The Irish presidency is largely a ceremonial position but the constitution does grant certain discretionary powers to the President that may be invoked in unusual circumstances ... approved in an ordinary referendum by the D il reassembling after a general election, held within eight months. In an ordinary referendum voters are asked to vote either in favour of or against the bill that has been referred to them. However, unlike in a constitutional referendum, a bill is considered ... were against it. The ordinary referendum is intended, in part, to protect the prerogatives of the Seanad ... by the D il. In theory the ordinary referendum provides a means by which the Seanad with the agreement .... It is partly for this reason that no ordinary referendum has ever occurred. References http ... Statute Book http www.irishstatutebook.ie 1994 en act pub 0012 print.html Referendum Act, 1994 current procedure http www.irishstatutebook.ie 1942 en act pub 0008 index.html Referendum Act, 1942 former ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A War referendum is a type of referendum in which citizens decide whether a nation should go to war. The earliest idea of a war referendum came from Marquis de Condorcet in 1793 and Immanuel Kant in 1795. ref name ballot Cite book last Bolt, Jr. first Ernest C. authorlink coauthors year 1977 title Ballots Before Bullets, The War Referendum Approach to Peace in America 1914 1941 publisher University Press of Virginia location Charlottesville id ISBN 0813906628 p. xii xiii ref See also Ludlow Amendment Notes references Category Immanuel Kant Category Referendums Category War Legislature stub ... more details
Image Referendum vhs.jpg thumb 250px right Images from the video tape the Referendum Party delivered to over 5 million UK homes in March 1997. The Referendum Party was a Euro sceptic, single issue party ... 1997 General Election . The party called for a referendum on aspects of the UK s relationship with the European Union . Policy The party s position was that there should be a referendum on the UK ... candidate in favour of such a referendum. In general, most seats it did not contest had sitting .... Similarly, most Referendum Party candidates, activists and supporters were Eurosceptic, but some were pro European. In Northern Ireland , the Referendum Party did not stand, but instead endorsed the Ulster Unionist Party . The referendum question which the party proposed was announced on 28 November ... , London, 28 November 1996, p. 11. ref The Referendum Party briefly held a seat in the British House ... Hass, http www.findarticles.com p articles mi m2584 is n4 v17 ai 20446022 The Referendum Party s video ... Kingdom general election, 1997 1997 election , the Referendum Party polled 800,000 votes and finished ... on the intervention of the Referendum Party . ref name Effect John Curtice and Michael Steed ... Conservative without the Referendum Party standing. Supporters of the party contend the effect was greater ... radicalweb radicalconsultation etherden pe3.html The Goldsmith Agenda Beyond The Referendum Party . ref Curtice and Steed s statistical analysis suggested that when a candidate from the Referendum ..., losing to the new Conservative candidate. Referendum Party candidate John Bufton later ... offered. The party ceased to exist not long afterwards. Referendum Movement A successor, the Referendum ... accessdate 2008 06 21 ref Birley had also stood for election as a member of his stepfather s Referendum ... , a successor to the Referendum Party Category Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom Category ... in 1997 Category Euroscepticism in the United Kingdom de Referendum Party ... more details
The Referendum Commission lang ga An Coimisi n Reifrinn is an independent Statute statutory body in Republic of Ireland Ireland which is set up in advance of any referendum . The Referendum Act 1998 as amended by the Referendum Act 2001 provides for the establishment of the body. ref cite web url http www.irishstatutebook.ie 2001 en act pub 0053 index.html title Referendum Act, 2001 work Irish Statue ... in referendum campaign. Following the McKenna case, the first Referendum Commission was set up for the Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland Amsterdam Treaty referendum . Composition ... Lane Clerk of the Seanad Functions Under the Referendum Act 1998 the commission initially had the role of setting out the arguments for and against referendum proposals, having regard to submissions received from the public. Following the passing of the Referendum Act 2001 the commission no longer has a statutory function in relation to putting the arguments for and against referendum proposals ... debate or discussion on referendum proposals. ref name DEHLG cite web url http www.environ.ie en LocalGovernment Voting Referenda PublicationsDocuments FileDownLoad,1894,en.pdf title Referendum Results ..., Heritage and Local Government accessdate 22 February 2010 ref A new referendum commission may be set up in for each new referendum that takes place, if the Minister for the Environment, Community ... of the commission is to explain the subject matter of referendum proposals, to promote public awareness of the referendum and to encourage the electorate to vote. It may help citizens find out some .... List of commissions class wikitable Date established ref name DEHLG Subject Date of referendumReferendum ... Minister Gormley Establishes Referendum Commission on Lisbon Treaty work Department of the Environment ... web url http www.refcom.ie en title Latest Information date September 2011 publisher Referendum Commission ..., the then Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, John Gormley established a referendum ... more details
A popular referendum also known, depending on jurisdiction, as citizens veto , people s veto , veto referendum , citizen referendum , abrogative referendum , rejective referendum , suspensive referendum or statute referendum ref http www.ballot.org pages initiative process Initiative Process , ballot.org ... 201998.pdf Referendum, Agenda Setting and Models of Democracy Majority Rule in Different Models of Democracy ref is a type of a referendum that provides a means by which a petition signed by a certain ... tabid 16600 Default.aspx Initiative, Referendum and Recall , NCSL.org ... 23, 1999 ref Unlike an initiative or legislative referendum that allows voters to suggest new legislation, a popular referendum allows them to suggest repealing an existing one. ref name ncsl ref name nne3 As with an initiative, a popular referendum is held after a given number of signatures supporting it have been submitted to the authorities in some cases such a referendum may also be initiated by regional authorities. ref name ms2 ref name sun Depending on local legislation, the popular referendum ... 9wC&pg PA63&lpg PA63&dq 22abrogative referendum 22 wiki wikipedia&source bl&ots JDMgfmbcnT&sig orhRXI6TPjl9DPP717w00PSn1Kc ... limit and its duration on when the popular referendum may be passed, and the body to which ... . Supporters of the popular referendum point out that it is a safeguard against special interests ..., where the popular referendum commonly known as abrogative referendum was first introduced in Switzerland ... ref name coe http www.venice.coe.int docs 2005 CDL EL 2005 020prov e.asp Study on Referendum , European ... referendum exists in Colombia , Uruguay and Venezuela . ref J. C. Madro al, http www.demopunk.net ... Process , ballot.org ref ref http www.ncsl.org Default.aspx?TabId 16589 Initiative and Referendum States ref The popular referendum was first introduced in the United States by South Dakota in 1898, ref ... books.google.com books?id M2NgAj4nFOwC&pg PA538&dq 22popular referendum 22&lr &as drrb is b&as minm ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1946 Australian Referendum was held on 28 September 1946. It contained three referendum questions. 20 Australian referendum, 1946 Social Services Social Services carried 21 Australian referendum, 1946 Marketing Marketing rejected 22 Australian referendum, 1946 Industrial Employment Industrial Employment rejected Australian Referendums year 1946 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1946 Category 1946 in Australia Referendum Category 1946 referendums Category Referendums in Australia 1946 Category 1946 elections in Australia Referendum ... more details
There have been two Montenegrin independence referendums Montenegrin independence referendum, 1992 Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006 disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1967 Australian Referendum was held on 27 May 1967. It contained two referendum questions. 25 Australian referendum, 1967 Parliament Parliament not carried 26 Australian referendum, 1967 Aboriginals Aboriginals carried Australian Referendums year 1967 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1967 Category 1967 in Australia Referendum Category 1967 referendums Category Referendums in Australia 1967 Category 1967 elections in Australia Referendum ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1919 Australian Referendum was held on 13 December 1919. It contained two referendum questions. 12 Australian referendum, 1919 Legislative Powers Legislative Powers not carried 13 Australian referendum, 1919 Monopolies Nationalisation of Monopolies not carried Australian Referendums year 1919 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1919 Category 1919 referendums Category 1919 in Australia Referendum Category Referendums in Australia 1919 Category 1919 elections in Australia Referendum Australia gov stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1926 Australian Referendum was held on 4 September 1926. It contained two referendum questions. 14 Australian referendum, 1926 Industry and Commerce Industry and Commerce not carried 15 Australian referendum, 1926 Essential Services Essential Services not carried Australian Referendums year 1926 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1926 Category 1926 in Australia Referendum Category 1926 referendums Category Referendums in Australia 1926 Category 1926 elections in Australia Referendum ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1937 Australian Referendum was held on 6 March 1937. It contained two referendum questions. 17 Australian referendum, 1937 Aviation Aviation not carried 18 Australian referendum, 1937 Marketing Marketing not carried Australian Referendums year 1937 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1937 Category 1937 in Australia Referendum Category 1937 referendums Category Referendums in Australia 1937 Category 1937 elections in Australia Referendum ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1973 Australian Referendum was held on 8 December 1973. It contained two referendum questions. 27 Australian referendum, 1973 Prices Prices not carried 28 Australian referendum, 1973 Incomes Incomes not carried Australian Referendums year 1973 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1973 Category 1973 in Australia Referendum Category 1973 referendums Category Referendums in Australia 1973 Category 1973 elections in Australia Referendum ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1984 Australian Referendum was held on 21 May 1984. It contained two referendum questions, neither of which passed. 37 Australian referendum, 1984 Terms of Senators Terms of Senators not carried 38 Australian referendum, 1984 Interchange of Powers Interchange of Powers not carried Australian Referendums year 1984 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1984 Category 1984 in Australia Referendum Category 1984 referendums Category Referendums in Australia 1984 Category 1984 elections in Australia Referendum ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1913 Australian Referendum was held on 31 May 1913. It contained six referendum questions. 6 Australian referendum, 1913 Trade and Commerce Trade and Commerce not carried 7 Australian referendum, 1913 Corporations Corporations not carried 8 Australian referendum, 1913 Industrial Matters Industrial Matters not carried 9 Australian referendum, 1913 Trusts Trusts not carried 10 Australian referendum, 1913 Monopolies Nationalisation of Monopolies not carried 11 Australian referendum, 1913 Railway Disputes Railway Disputes not carried Australian Referendums year 1913 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1913 Category 1913 referendums Category 1913 in Australia Referendum Category Referendums in Australia 1913 Category 1913 elections in Australia Plebiscite ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1910 Australian Referendum was held on 13 April 1910. It contained two referendum questions. 2 Australian referendum, 1910 State Debts State Debts carried 3 Australian referendum, 1910 Surplus Revenue Surplus Revenue not carried Australian Referendums year 1910 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1910 Category 1910 in Australia Referendum Category 1910 referendums Category Referendums in Australia 1910 Category 1910 elections in Australia Plebiscite ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1911 Australian Referendum was held on 26 April 1911. It contained two referendum questions. 4 Australian referendum, 1911 Trade and Commerce Trade and Commerce not carried 5 Australian referendum, 1911 Monopolies Nationalisation of Monopolies not carried Australian Referendums year 1911 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1911 Category 1911 referendums Category 1911 in Australia Referendum Category Referendums in Australia 1911 Category 1911 elections in Australia Plebiscite ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The 1974 Australian Referendum was held on 18 May 1974. It contained four referendum questions. 29 Australian referendum, 1974 Simultaneous Elections Simultaneous Elections not carried 30 Australian referendum, 1974 Mode of Altering the Constitution Mode of Altering the Constitution not carried 31 Australian referendum, 1974 Democratic Elections Democratic Elections not carried 32 Australian referendum, 1974 Local Government Bodies Local Government Bodies not carried Australian Referendums year 1974 DEFAULTSORT Australian Referendum, 1974 Category 1974 in Australia Referendum Category 1974 referendums Category Referendums in Australia 1974 Category 1974 elections in Australia Referendum ... more details
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