File reflection.nebula.arp.750pix.jpg thumb 200px The Witch Head Nebula Witch Head reflection nebula IC2118 , about 900 light years from earth, is associated with the bright star Rigel in the constellation Orion. The nebula glows primarily by light reflected from Rigel, located just outside the top right corner of the image. Fine dust in the nebula reflects the light. The blue color is caused not only by Rigel s blue color but because the dust grains reflect blue light more efficiently than red. In Astronomy , reflection nebulae are interstellar cloud clouds of dust which reflect the light of a nearby star or stars. The energy from the nearby star, or stars, is insufficient to ionize the gas of the nebula to create an emission nebula , but is enough to give sufficient scattering to make the dust visible. Thus, the frequency spectrum shown by reflection nebulae is similar to that of the illuminating stars. Among the microscopic particles responsible for the scattering are carbon compounds ... waves polarized Kaler, 1997 . Edwin Hubble distinguished between the emission and reflection nebulae in 1922. Reflection nebulae are usually blue because the scattering is more efficient for blue light than red this is the same scattering process that gives us blue sky skies and red sunset s . Reflection ... nebula e. Some 500 reflection nebulae are known. Among the nicest of the reflection nebulae are those surrounding the stars of the Pleiades star cluster Pleiades . A blue reflection nebula ... , which is very red Stellar classification spectral class M1 , is surrounded by a large, red reflection nebula. Reflection nebulae may also be the site of star formation . In 1922, Hubble published ... law for reflection nebulae which make a relationship between the angular size R of the nebula and the apparent ... Reflection nebulae Reflection nebulae Category Reflection nebulae Category Nebulae ar ... de reflexie ru simple Reflection nebula sk Reflexn hmlovina fi Heijastussumu ... more details
Orphan date April 2011 Reflection was formed in 1992 in Dortmund , Germany . Like their countrymates Kreator and Destruction band Destruction , they play thrash metal . With their album Made in Hell Reflection were called one of the best German Thrash Newcomers by big German metal magazines like Heavy oder was? and Rock Hard magazine Rock Hard . Members Current members Markus Radola Vocals Timo Lehmann Guitar Heino Drescher Guitar Siggi Kwapich Bass Stephan B umer Drums Former members Stephan Baeumer Drums Kev Siepmann Drums Boris Frenkel Drums Discography Blind Rage 2001 Trapped insanity 2002 Mission to madness 2003 Made in Hell 2004 Advertising Violence 2011 External links Official website http www.reflection metal.de DEFAULTSORT Reflection Category German thrash metal musical groups Category German death metal musical groups Category Musical groups established in 1992 Germany band stub de Reflection Band ... more details
This article is about the reflection principles in set theory. For the reflection principle of complex analysis, see Schwarz reflection principle . For reflection theorems in algebraic number theory, see reflection theorem . In set theory , a branch of mathematics , a reflection principle says that it is possible to find sets that resemble the class of all sets. There are several different forms of the reflection principle depending on exactly what is meant by resemble . Weak forms of the reflection ... , while stronger forms can be new and very powerful axioms for set theory. The name reflection principle ... set. Motivation for reflection principles A naive version of the reflection principle states that for any ... that it contains all sets. To get useful and non contradictory reflection principles we need ... reflection principles we might argue informally as follows. Suppose that we have some collection ... reflection theorems. Alternatively we can use this argument to motivate introducing new axioms for set theory. The reflection principle as a theorem of ZFC In trying to formalize the argument for the reflection ... several closely related reflection theorems of ZFC all of which state that we can find a set that is almost a model of ZFC. One form of the reflection principle in ZFC says that for any finite ... incompleteness theorem. This version of the reflection theorem is closely related to the L wenheim Skolem theorem . Another version of the reflection principle says that for any finite number of formulas ... is concerned. For any natural number n, one can prove from ZFC a reflection principle which ... of set theory which are true for V and contain fewer than n quantifiers. Reflection principles as new axioms Bernays used a reflection principle as an axiom for one version of set theory not G del Bernays set theory, which is a weaker theory . His reflection principle stated roughly that if A is a class ..., and the reflection principle can then be used to show that there is a set which has the same ... more details
Image Spoon fi.jpg thumb An example of reflection mapping. In computer graphics , environment mapping , or reflection mapping , is an efficient image based lighting technique for approximating the appearance ... , the pyramid mapping , the octahedron mapping , and the HEALPix HEALPix mapping . The reflection ... the exact reflection by tracing a ray and following its optical path. The reflection color used in the shading computation at a pixel is determined by calculating the reflection vector at the point ... raytracing , but is less computationally expensive since the radiance value of the reflection comes from calculating the angles of Reflection physics incidence and reflection , followed by a texture lookup ..., simplifying the GPU workload. However in most circumstances a mapped reflection is only an approximation of the real reflection. Environment mapping relies on two assumptions that are seldom ... this is not the case the reflection of nearby geometry appears in the wrong place on the reflected object. When this is the case, no parallax is seen in the reflection. 2 The object being shaded is convex ... in the reflection only the environment does. Reflection mapping is also a traditional image ... the need for recalculating every pixel s reflection direction. If normal mapping is used, each ... in tandem with an environment map to produce a more realistic reflection. In this case, the angle of reflection at a given point on a polygon will take the normal map into consideration. This technique ... metal brushed aluminium. Types of reflection mapping Sphere mapping Deleted image removed Image ... . Sphere mapping represents the sphere of incident illumination as though it were seen in the reflection ... they represent, an abrupt point of singularity a black hole effect is visible in the reflection ... mapped reflection example.jpg thumb A diagram depicting an apparent reflection being provided by cube mapped reflection. The map is actually projected onto the surface from the point of view of the observer ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The First Reflection Type video Artist Hitomi Yaida Cover Hitomi yaida the first reflection cover.JPG Cover size Released 25 April 2000 Recorded Genre J pop Length 00 30 Label EMI Toshiba EMI small DVD TOBF 5080 VHS TOVF 1366 small Director Producer Diamond Head Japanese band Diamond Head & Hitomi Yaida Reviews Chronology Hitomi Yaida video release Last album This album The First Reflection br 2000 Next album Hitomi Yaida 2001 Summer Live Sound of Clover br 2001 Misc The First Reflection is a Music video PV compilation video release by Hitomi Yaida . It was released in 2000 between her debut and the release of her first studio album Daiya monde . It contains her PV s released up to the date of issue with bonus footage of her performing the track I Like at the Osaka Bigcat in 2000. Track listing class wikitable Title Romanization 1 How? 2 B coz I Love You 3 Ne 4 My Sweet Darlin 5 I m Here Saying Nothing 6 I Like Live ref Recorded Live at Osaka Bigcat ref references DEFAULTSORT First Reflection, The Category Hitomi Yaida video albums Category 2000 video albums Category 2000 compilation albums Category Music video compilation albums ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 Image Point Reflection.png thumb A point reflection. In geometry , a point reflection or inversion in a point or inversion through a point , or central inversion is a type of isometry of Euclidean space . An object that is invariant under a point reflection is said to possess point symmetry if it is invariant under point reflection through its center, it is said to possess central symmetry or to be centrally symmetric. Point reflection can be classified as an affine transformation ... is also called homothetic center . Terminology The term reflection is loose, and considered by some an abuse of language, with inversion preferred however, point reflection is widely used. Such maps ... . More narrowly, a reflection linear algebra reflection refers to a reflection in a hyperplane ... , a plane in 3 space , with the hyperplane being fixed, but more broadly reflection is applied to any ... maps with all eigenvalue s either 1 or &minus 1. Reflection in a hyperplane has a single &minus 1 eigenvalue and multiplicity math n 1 math on the 1 eigenvalue , while point reflection has ..., a point reflection is the same as a rotation of 180 degrees. In three dimensions, a point reflection can be described as a 180 degree rotation composition of functions composed with reflection across ... space R sup n sup , the formula for the reflection of a across the point p is math mathrm Ref mathbf p mathbf a 2 mathbf p mathbf a . math In the case where p is the origin, point reflection is simply the negation of the vector a see reflection through the origin . In Euclidean geometry , the inversion ... one Fixed point mathematics fixed point , which is P . Point reflection as a special case of uniform scaling or homothety When the inversion point P coincides with the origin, point reflection is equivalent ... of linear transformation . When P does not coincide with the origin, point reflection is equivalent ... with P, and scale factor 1. This is an example of non linear affine transformation . Point reflection ... more details
Quantum reflection is a physical phenomenon involving the reflection of a matter wave from an attractive ... turn around and retreat in the opposite direction. Definition Quantum reflection became an important branch of physics in 21st century. In a workshop about quantum reflection, ref name QR2007 Quantum Reflection, workshop October 22 24, 2007, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA http cfa www.harvard.edu itamp QuantumReflection.html ref the following definition of quantum reflection was suggested blockquote Quantum reflection is a classically counterintuitive phenomenon whereby the motion of particles ... Observation of quantum reflection has become possible thanks to recent advances in trapping and cooling atoms. Reflection of slow atoms Although the principles of quantum mechanics apply to any particles, usually the term quantum reflection means reflection of atoms from a surface of condensed matter ... one would expect for particles incident on a surface. Such scattering is diffuse reflection diffuse rather than specular, and so this component of the reflection is easy to distinguish. Indeed to reduce ... reflection. This requirement of small incident velocities for the particles means that the non relativistic ... a single coordinate say math x math is important. In this case one can examine the specular reflection ... title Specular Reflection of Very Slow Metastable Neon Atoms from a Solid Surface journal Physical ... title Quantum reflection of He on silicon journal Physical Review A volume 71 pages 052901 year ... atom. The condition for a reflection to occur as the atom experiences the attractive potential .... Such a reflection may occur for slow atoms experiencing the comparatively rapid variation of the van ... component of the light from the interface. Indeed, quantum reflection from the surface ... of quantum reflection at grazing incidence Practically, in many experiments with quantum reflection ... the point like source of atoms. The excitation of atoms is not essential for the quantum reflection ... more details
Extinction coefficient refers to several different measures of the absorption of light in a medium In chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, or microbiology, the mass attenuation coefficient mass extinction coefficient and the molar absorptivity molar extinction coefficient are parameters defining how strongly a substance absorbs light at a given wavelength, per density mass density or per molar concentration , respectively. In physics, the extinction coefficient is the imaginary part of the complex index of refraction , which also relates to light absorption. For the quantitative relationship between the chemistry and physics definitions, see Mathematical descriptions of opacity . disambig ca Coeficient d extinci de Extinktionskoeffizient es Coeficiente de extinci n fr Absorptivit molaire ... more details
Lead rewrite date August 2011 orphan date December 2008 mergeto Reflection physics date October 2011 Abnormal reflection is a phenomenon relating to the wavelength of Reflection physics reflected light , whether in x ray s, interaction s with metal s, or fluid s. See X ray crystallography . The crystal reflects wave lengths characteristics of one of the Chemical element in the crystal itself See also commons Reflection Commons category Reflections colbegin 3 Reflection physics References cite journal author Clark GL, Duane W title On the Abnormal Reflection of X Rays by Crystals journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 9 issue 4 pages 131 5 year 1923 month April pmid 16576682 pmc 1085297 doi 10.1073 pnas.9.4.131 cite journal author Preece JB, Wilman H title Abnormal reflections in electron diffraction patterns from tin condensed in low pressure air or oxygen journal Br. J. Appl. Phys. volume 18 issue 11 pages 1581 year 1967 doi 10.1088 0508 3443 18 11 310 url http www.iop.org EJ abstract 0508 3443 18 11 310 cite journal author Salakhutdinov IF, Sychugov VA, Tishchenko AV, Usievich BA, Parriaux O, Pudonin FA title Anomalous light reflection at the surface of a corrugated thinmetal film journal IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics volume 34 issue 6 pages 1054 60 year 1998 month June doi 10.1109 3.678604 url http ieeexplore.ieee.org Xplore login.jsp?url iel4 3 14918 00678604.pdf?arnumber 678604 cite journal author Hanazaki, Hideshi title On the three dimensional internal waves excited by topography in the flow of a stratified fluid journal Journal of Fluid Mechanics volume 263 issue pages 293 318 year 1994 doi 10.1017 S002211209400412X url http journals.cambridge.org action displayAbstract jsessionid 1A225DFC10BEDF28C1D59600D657AF38.tomcat1?fromPage online&aid 418589 US ... On the Abnormal Reflection of X Rays by Crystals journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 9 issue ... X rays Category Laser applications Category Reflection bn Optics stub ... more details
Use mdy dates date October 2011 good article Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Reflection Cover Reflection Christina Aguilera.jpg Artist Christina Aguilera Album Mulan soundtrack Mulan ... Last single All I Wanna Do br 1997 This single Reflection br 1998 Next single Genie in a Bottle br 1999 Reflection is a song featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 animated film Mulan , and debut single ... agreed to fly to Los Angeles to spend a week recording the album. Critical response for Reflection ... and composition listen filename ReflectionsSample.ogg title Reflection description A sample of Reflection , featuring Aguilera singing the last chorus over a pop music pop background. pos left ... to record the theme to the 1998 film Mulan named Reflection it was reported she had gained a record ... to hit a musical note required for Reflection , she thought that the song could be the gateway ... around the recording of Reflection , RCA wished for Aguilera to record and release an album by September ... they later decided would have a January 1999 release. ref name ref Reflection was written and produced ... sheetmusic mtdVPE.asp?ppn MN0057033 title Digital Sheet Music Christina Aguilera Reflection work Alfred ... An alternate version of Reflection was included on Aguilera s 2000 Mi Reflejo , which was her ... cutter , including the Mulan ballad showpiece Reflection . ref citeweb url http www.amazon.com ... considered Reflection a nice song without the icky pop beat used on other songs recorded by Aguilera ... . Sarah Zupko ref Chart performance After premiering in June 1998, Reflection was Aguilera s first ... for Reflection was included as a bonus to the Disney Gold Classic Collection DVD release of Mulan ... also performed Reflection on MuchMusic s Intimate and Interactive on May 17, 2000. ref Cite episode ... in 2000, featuring a performance of the song, was recorded and released in a DVD titled My Reflection . ref citeweb url http www.amazon.com dp B00005IA82 title Amazon.com Christina Aguilera My Reflection ... more details
unreferenced date January 2010 In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient also known as coefficient of discharge is the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures References http mysite.du.edu jcalvert tech fluids orifice.htm Coefficient of Discharge , J. B. Calvert, 15 June 2003 Category Fluid dynamics fluiddynamics stub ... more details
For reflection of charged particles Scattering from rough surfaces File Lambert2.gif thumb Diffuse and specular reflection from a glossy surface ref cite book title Photoelectric sensors and controls selection ... page 29 url http books.google.com ?id BkdBo1n oO4C&pg PA29&dq 22diffuse reflection 22 lambertian v onepage&q 22diffuse 20reflection 22 20lambertian&f false ref Diffuse reflection is the reflection physics reflection of light from a surface such that an incident ray optics ray is reflected at many angle s rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection . An illuminated ideal ... reflection. The visibility of objects is primarily caused by diffuse reflection of light it is diffusely ... reflection.gif thumb right Figure 1 General mechanism of diffuse reflection by a solid surface refraction phenomena not represented 250px File Diffuse reflection.PNG thumb Figure 2 Diffuse reflection from an irregular surface 250px Mechanism Diffuse reflection from solids is generally not due to surface roughness. A flat surface is indeed required to give specular reflection, but it does not prevent diffuse reflection. A piece of highly polished white marble remains white no amount of polishing will turn it into a mirror. Polishing produces some specular reflection, but the remaining light continues to be diffusely reflected. The most general mechanism by which a surface gives diffuse reflection ... the surface, ref P.Hanrahan and W.Krueger 1993 , Reflection from layered surfaces due to subsurface ... specular and diffuse reflection, as is the case, for example, of glossy paint s as used in home painting, which give also a fraction of specular reflection, while matte surface matte paints give almost exclusively diffuse reflection. Specular vs. diffuse reflection Virtually all materials can give specular reflection, provided that their surface can be polished to eliminate irregularities comparable ... be clear and give only specular reflection not great, however , while, among common materials, only ... more details
of reflection, the symmetry group is isomorphic with C sub s sub see point groups in three dimensions ... general types of reflection mathematics reflection there are corresponding more general types of reflection symmetry. Examples with respect to a non isometric affine involution an oblique reflection ... with symmetry source in Delphi http www.mathsisfun.com geometry symmetry reflection.html Reflection ... more details
In mass transfer , the sieving coefficient is a measure of Mass transfer equilibration between the concentration s of two mass transfer streams. It is defined as the mean pre and post contact concentration of the mass receiving stream divided by the pre and post contact concentration of the mass donating stream. math S frac C r C d math where S is the sieving coefficient C sub r sub is the mean concentration mass receiving stream C sub d sub is the mean concentration mass donating stream A sieving coefficient of 1 number unity implies that the concentrations of the receiving and donating stream equilibrate, i.e. the out mass flow rate flow concentrations post mass transfer of the mass donating and receiving stream are equal to one another. Systems with sieving coefficient that are greater than one require an external energy source, as they would otherwise violate the laws of thermodynamics . Sieving coefficients less than one represent a mass transfer process where the concentrations have not equilibrated. Contact time between mass streams in important in consider in mass transfer and affects the sieving coefficient. In kidney In renal physiology , the sieving coefficient can be expressed as sieving coefficient renal clearance clearance ultrafiltration rate ref http www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk web8 Renal 20replacement 20therapy 20 20CVVH.htm Sieving coefficient in drug clearance cuhk.edu.hk ref See also Heat exchanger Condenser pinch point Sieve References references Category Transport phenomena Category Chemical engineering Category Mechanical engineering ... more details
The lift coefficient math c mathrm l , , math math c mathrm a , math or math c mathrm z math is a dimensionless coefficient that relates the Lift force lift generated by a lift ing body, the dynamic pressure ... coefficient is also used to refer to the dynamic lift characteristics of a two dimensional foil ..., Albert E. Theory of Wing Sections . Section 1.2 ref Lift coefficient may be described as the ratio ... coefficient may be used to relate the total Lift force lift generated by a foil equipped craft to the total area of the foil. In this application the lift coefficient is called the aircraft or planform lift coefficient math C mathrm L , . math br Watercraft and automobiles equipped with fixed foils can also be assigned a lift coefficient. The lift coefficient math C mathrm L , math is equal to ref ... , and math A , math is planform area. The lift coefficient is a dimensionless number . The aircraft lift coefficient can be approximated using the Lifting line theory ref Clancy, L. J. Aerodynamics ... lift coefficient Image Lift curve.svg thumb 300px right A typical curve showing section lift coefficient versus angle of attack for a cambered airfoil Lift coefficient may also be used as a characteristic ... lift coefficient math c mathrm l , . math It is common to show, for a particular airfoil section, the relationship between section lift coefficient and angle of attack . ref Abbott, Ira H., and Von ... between section lift coefficient and drag coefficient . The section lift coefficient is based ... lift coefficient in terms of total lift and total area because they are infinitely large. Rather ... length of the airfoil. The section lift coefficient for a given angle of attack can be approximated ... lift and area. The relationship between the lift coefficient and angle of attack is complex and can ... for section lift coefficient vs. angle of attack follows the same general shape for all Airfoil ... coefficient with increasing angle of attack , up to a maximum point, after which the lift coefficient ... more details
unreferenced date June 2009 Orphan date November 2006 Love Reflection is an animated music video produced in 1995 for the J pop duo Two Mix . The video s storyline concerns a male female pop duo, apparently early in their careers, who see a UFO and pursue it cross country. Unlike Two Mix themselves the characters are Americans and the video takes place in the United States, starting in New York City, Parts of the video include shots of Chicago, LA, Parts the American west, San Francisco, and the American Midwest ending up in Devils Tower National Monument Devils Tower a site in Wyoming strongly associated with aliens in popular culture. The storyline in interspersed with performance shots of the same characters in futuristic uniforms riding a flying stage that resembles a UFO. The song is in Japanese, though English translations exist. The song itself, White Reflection, can be heard as one of the opening credit themes for the anime series Gundam Wing . Category Music videos ... more details
Confusing article date February 2010 For reflection principles in set theory, see reflection principle . In algebraic number theory , a reflection theorem or Spiegelungssatz German language German for reflection theorem see Spiegel and Satz disambiguation Satz is one of a collection of theorems linking the sizes of different ideal class group s or ray class group s , or the sizes of different isotypic component s of a class group. The original example is due to Ernst Kummer Ernst Eduard Kummer , who showed that the class number of the cyclotomic field math mathbb Q left zeta p right math , with p a prime number, will be divisible by p if the class number of the maximal real subfield math mathbb Q left zeta p right math is. Another example is due to Scholz ref A. Scholz, Uber die Beziehung der Klassenzahlen quadratischer Korper zueinander, J. reine angew. Math. , 166 1932 , 201 203. ref . A simplified version of his theorem states that if 3 divides the class number of a real quadratic field math mathbb Q left sqrt d right math , then 3 also divides the class number of the imaginary quadratic field math mathbb Q left sqrt 3d right math . Both of the above results are generalized by Leopoldt s Spiegelungssatz , which relates the p rank s of different isotypic components of the class group of a number field K , considered as a Galois module module over the Galois group of a Galois extension K k . Extensions of his Spiegelungssatz were given by Oriat and Oriat Satge, where class groups were no longer associated with characters of the Galois group of K k , but rather by ideals in a group ring over the Galois group of K k . Leopoldt s Spiegelungssatz was generalized in a different direction by Kuroda, who extended it to a statement about ray class group s. This was further developed into the very general T S reflection theorem of Georges Gras ref Georges Gras, Class Field Theory ... also provided an Iwasawa theory Iwasawa theoretic reflection theorem. Notes reflist Category Theorems ... more details
The coefficient of haze also known as smoke shade is a measurement of visibility interference in the Earth s atmosphere atmosphere . ref name Somani1992 References references ref name Somani1992 cite encyclopaedia encyclopedia Dictionary of agricultural and allied sciences P , Part 7 author L. L. Somani publisher Mittal Publications date 1992 isbn 8170991137 isbn13 9788170991137 article Coefficient of Haze pages 322 ref references Further reading cite encyclopaedia encyclopedia IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology edition 2nd Edition date 1997 article Coefficient of Haze publisher International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry url http iupac.org. goldbook C01125.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF author Alan D. McNaught and Andrew Wilkinson isbn10 0865426848 isbn 9780865426849 cite book title Methods of air sampling and analysis author James P. Lodge edition 3rd publisher CRC Press year 1988 isbn 0873711416 isbn13 9780873711418 chapter Continuous Tape Sampling of Coefficient of Haze DEFAULTSORT Coefficient Of Haze Category Visibility Climate stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Chrome Reflection Type studio Artist Bird Cover chromereflection album.jpg Released 2000 Recorded Genre Length Label Producer Andrew Cash Last album This album Chrome Reflection br 2000 Next album Bitter Beauty br 2001 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score rating 4 5 ref Allmusic class album id r593396 first Jason last MacNeil ref rev2 rev2Score Chrome Reflection is an album released in 2000 by Bird , a one off band consisting of Jason Collett , Andrew Cash and Hawksley Workman . The album also featured contributions from Lenni Jabour , Josh Finlayson , Gavin Brown , Kevin Fox , Derek Brady , Peter Kesper , and Mark Kesper . Several of the songs also appeared in different versions on Collett s subsequent album Motor Motel Love Songs . Track listing Choke Cherry 3 16 All I ve Ever Known 2 54 Super Model 2 57 Brand New Beggar 3 08 Airport 3 05 Tiny Ocean of Tears 2 29 Madame Pompadour 3 53 It Won t Be Long 3 18 Too Much 3 39 Silent One 3 00 Sugar Sugar 4 36 Burning Red Transistor Heart 4 24 Motor Motel Love Song 3 37 Idiot Radio 2 14 References Reflist 2000s album stub Category 2000 albums Category Jason Collett albums Category Hawksley Workman albums Category Andrew Cash albums ... more details
Infobox Television show name Time for Reflection presenter David Ross country USA language English runtime 15 minutes network DuMont stauts ended Time for Reflection was an early American television program that aired on the now defunct DuMont Television Network on Sundays from April 30, 1950 to January 14, 1951. ref http www.imdb.com title tt0320985 IMDB entry ref ref http www.dumonthistory.tv a2.html DuMont History website Programs M Z ref The series consisted of poetry readings by host David Ross 1891 1975 . ref cite book title The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946 Present . year 2003 publisher Ballantine Books isbn 0 345 45542 8 ref See also List of programs broadcast by the DuMont Television Network List of surviving DuMont Television Network broadcasts References Reflist Bibliography David Weinstein, The Forgotten Network DuMont and the Birth of American Television Philadelphia Temple University Press , 2004 ISBN 1 59213 245 6 Alex McNeil, Total Television , Fourth edition New York Penguin Books , 1980 ISBN 0 14 024916 8 Tim Brooks and Earle Marsh, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows , Third edition New York Ballantine Books , 1964 ISBN 0 345 31864 1 External links http www.imdb.com title tt0320985 Time for Reflection at IMDB http www.dumonthistory.tv a2.html DuMont Television Network Historical Web Site tv prog stub Category DuMont Television Network shows Category 1950 television series debuts Category 1951 television series endings Category 1950s American television series ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Upon Reflection Type Album Artist John Surman Cover Upon Reflection.jpg Released 1979 Recorded May 1979 Genre Jazz Length 45 04 Label ECM Records ECM Producer Manfred Eicher Chronology John Surman Last album Sonatinas br 1978 This album Upon Reflection br 1979 Next album The Amazing Adventures of Simon Simon br 1981 Upon Reflection is a solo album by English saxophonist John Surman recorded in 1979 and released on the ECM Records ECM label. ref name ECM discography http www.ecmrecords.com Catalogue ECM 1100 1148.php? ECM discography accessed September 14, 2011 ref Reception The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4 stars calling it an atmospheric solo set that utilizes overdubbing although leaving space for unaccompanied solo sections ... Fortunately there is enough variety in this generally quiet music to hold one s interest . ref name Allmusic Yanow, S. http www.allmusic.com album upon reflection r148390 Allmusic Review accessed September 14, 2011 ref Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score rating 4.5 5 ref name Allmusic Track listing All compositions by John Surman Edges of Illusion 10 10 Filigree 3 41 Caithness to Kerry 3 51 Beyond a Shadow 6 40 Prelude and Rustic Dance 5 14 The Lamplighter 6 19 Following Behind 1 24 Constellation 8 16 Recorded at Talent Studio in Oslo, Norway in May 1979 Personnel John Surman &mdash soprano saxophone , baritone saxophone , bass clarinet , synthesizer References reflist John Surman Category ECM Records albums Category John Surman albums Category 1979 albums Category Albums produced by Manfred Eicher ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 A physical coefficient is an important number that characterizes some physical property of a technical or scientific object. A coefficient also has a scientific reference which is the reliance on force. To find the coefficient of a chemical compound , you must balance the elements involved in it. For example, water H sub 2 sub O. It just so happens that hydrogen H and oxygen O are both diatomic molecules, thus we have H sub 2 sub and O sub 2 sub . To form water, one of the O atoms breaks off from the O sub 2 sub molecule and react with the H sub 2 sub compound to form H sub 2 sub O. But, there is one oxygen atom left. It reacts with another H sub 2 sub molecule. Since it took two of each atom to balance the compound, we put the coefficient 2 in front of H sub 2 sub O 2 H sub 2 sub O. The total reaction is thus 2 H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub 2 H sub 2 sub O. Examples of physical coefficients Coefficient of thermal expansion thermodynamics dimensionless Relates the change in temperature to the change in a material s dimensions. Partition coefficient K sub D sub chemistry The ratio of concentrations of a compound in two phases of a mixture of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium. Hall Effect Hall coefficient electrical physics Relates a magnetic field applied to an element to the voltage created, the amount of current and the element thickness. It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made. Lift coefficient C sub L sub or C sub ... of the fluid flow around the airfoil, and the planform area of the airfoil. Ballistic coefficient BC ... is a function of mass, diameter, and drag coefficient. Transmission coefficient physics Transmission coefficient quantum mechanics dimensionless Represents the probability flux of a transmitted wave relative ... tunnelling tunnelling through a barrier. Damping Damping factor a.k.a. viscous damping coefficient ... coefficient ta ... more details
in the normal state material i.e. it is fully spin polarized , Andreev reflection will be inhibited ... field, the strength of the Andreev reflection and hence conductance of the junction is a function ... Andreev Reflection or PCAR technique, whereby a narrow superconducting tip often Nb, Sb or Pb is placed ... order parameter . Crossed Andreev reflection Crossed Andreev reflection, or CAR, also known as non local Andreev reflection occurs when two spatially separated normal state material electrodes ... of the hole from an Andreev reflection process, resulting from an incident electron at energies .... In addition, normal Andreev reflection may occur at either interface, in conjunction with other ... journal last de Jong first M. J. M. last2 Beenakker first2 C. W. J. title Andreev Reflection in Ferromagnet ... more details
Refimprove date July 2009 Merge Matthews correlation coefficient discuss Talk Matthews correlation coefficient Merger proposal date July 2009 In statistics , the phi coefficient also referred to as the mean square contingency coefficient and denoted by or r sub sub is a measure of association for two binary variables introduced by Karl Pearson ref Cramer, H. 1946. Mathematical Methods of Statistics . Princeton Princeton University Press, p282 second paragraph . ISBN 0691080046 ref . This measure is similar to the Pearson correlation coefficient in its interpretation. In fact, a Pearson correlation coefficient estimated for two binary variables will return the phi coefficient. ref Guilford, J. 1936 . Psychometric Methods. New York McGraw&ndash Hill Book Company, Inc. ref The square of the Phi coefficient is related to the chi squared statistic for a 2 2 contingency table see Pearson s chi squared test ref Everitt B.S. 2002 The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics , CUP. ISBN 0 521 81099 x ref math phi 2 frac chi 2 n math where n is the total number of observations. Two binary variables are considered positively associated if most of the data falls along the diagonal cells. In contrast ... cell cell counts that sum to n , the total number of observations. The phi coefficient that describes ... n bullet0 n bullet1 math Phi is related to the point biserial correlation coefficient and Cohen s d ... the Pearson correlation coefficient reduces to the phi coefficient in the 2 2 case, the interpretation of a Pearson correlation coefficient and phi coefficient must be taken cautiously. The Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from &minus 1 to 1, where 1 indicates perfect agreement or disagreement, and 0 indicates no relationship. The phi coefficient has a maximum value that is determined ... discussion. See also Contingency table Matthews correlation coefficient Cram r s V statistics ... variables References references DEFAULTSORT Phi Coefficient Statistics Category Categorical data ... more details
Correlation coefficient may refer to Pearson product moment correlation coefficient , also known as r, R, or Pearson s r, a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables that is defined in terms of the sample covariance of the variables divided by their sample standard deviations Correlation and dependence , a broad class of statistical relationships between two or more random variables or observed data values Goodness of fit , which refers to any of several measures that measure how well a statistical model fits observations by summarizing the discrepancy between observed values and the values expected under the model in question Coefficient of determination , a measure of the proportion of variability in a data set that is accounted for by a statistical model often called R sup 2 sup equal in a single variable linear regression to the square of Pearson s product moment correlation coefficient. The strength of the linear relationship between the values Intraclass correlation , a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative measurements are made on units that are organized into groups describes how strongly units in the same group resemble each other. Rank correlation , the study of relationships between different rankings on the same set of items Spearman s rank correlation coefficient , which measures how well the relationship between two variables can be described by a monotonic function Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient , which measures the portion of ranks that match between two data sets. Disambig ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
