coord 60 N 20.0 W globe phoebe display title notes ref gpn 63531 Leto Regio ref Orphan date December 2009 border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 align right Leto Regio bgcolor ffc0c0 colspan 2 Physical Features align left Latitude 60.0N align left Longitude 20.0W align left Diameter 95.0 km bgcolor ffc0c0 colspan 2 Name align left Origin Daughter of Phoebe mythology Phoebe in Greek mythology . align left International Astronomical Union IAU level of approval Adopted by IAU General Assembly align left Year adopted 2000 Leto Regio is a geological feature on Phoebe moon Phoebe , a small outer moon of Saturn . It is classified as a Regio , a large area marked by reflectivity or color distinctions from adjacent areas, or a broad geographic region. References reflist Category Surface features of Saturn s moons ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Surface layering is a quasi crystalline structure at the surfaces of otherwise disordered liquids, where atoms or molecules of even the simplest liquid are stratified into well defined layers parallel to the surface. While in crystalline solids such atomic layers can extend periodically throughout the entire dimension of a crystal, surface layering decays rapidly away from the surface and is limited to just a few near surface region layers. Another difference between surface layering and crystalline structure is that atoms or molecules of surface layered liquids are not ordered in plane, while in crystalline solids they are. ref C. A. Croxton, Liquid State Physics Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England, 1974 ref Surface layering was predicted theoretically by Stuart Rice at the University of Chicago in 1983 ref M. P. D Evelyn and S. A. Rice, J. Chem. Phys. 78, 5081 1983 ref and has been experimentally discovered by Peter Pershan Harvard and his group, working in collaboration with Ben Ocko Brookhaven and Moshe Deutsch Bar Ilan in 1995 in elemental liquid Mercury element mercury ref O. M. Magnussen, B. M. Ocko, M. J. Regan, K. Penanen, P. S. Pershan and M. Deutsch, X ray reflectivity measurements of surface layering in liquid mercury , Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4444 1995 . ref and liquid gallium ref M.J. Regan, et al., Surface layering in liquid gallium x ray reflectivity study , Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2498 1995 . ref using x ray reflectivity techniques. More recently layering has been shown to arise from electronic properties of metallic liquids, rather than thermodynamic variables such as surface tension, since surfaces of low surface tension metallic liquids such as liquid potassium are layered ref O. Shpyrko, P. Huber, A. Grigoriev, P. Pershan, B. Ocko, H. Tostmann, and M. Deutsch, Phys. Rev. B 67, 115405 2003 . ref , while those of dielectric liquids such as water , are not ref O. G. Shpyrko, M. Fukuto, P. S. Pershan, B. M. Ocko, T. Gog, I. ... more details
. Typically an aluminum mirror coating reflectivity of 87 to 93 or silver mirror coating reflectivity ... multilayer coating increases reflectivity from the prism surfaces by acting as a distributed Bragg reflector . A well designed dielectric coating can provide a reflectivity of more than 99 across the visible light spectrum. This reflectivity is much improved compared to either an aluminum ... more details
the interface. The wavelength of the neutrons used for reflectivity are typically on the order of 0.2 ... Although other reflectivity techniques in particular optical reflectivity, x ray reflectometry ..., the relatively lower flux and higher background of the technique when compared to x ray reflectivity ... more details
the best initial front surface reflectivity in the visible spectrum it is unsuitable for optical ... a dark, low reflectivity tarnish. Although aluminum also oxidizes quickly, the thin aluminum oxide sapphire layer is transparent, and so the high reflectivity underlying aluminum stays visible. The silvering on infrared instruments is usually gold. It has the best reflectivity in the infrared spectrum ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Sea spary.jpg thumb Sea Spray Sea spray is a spray of water that forms when ocean waves crash. Make up As a result, salt spray contains a high concentration of mineral salts , particularly chloride anions. Effects Salt spray is largely responsible for corrosion of metallic objects near the coastline, as the salts accelerate the corrosion process. Salts generally do not dissolve in air directly. Chemical resistance The salt spray test is a notable gauge of material resistance, particularly if the material will be used outdoors and must perform in a mechanical load bearing or otherwise critical role. These results are often of great interest to the marine industries, whose products may suffer extreme acceleration of corrosion and subsequent failure due to the salt water environment. See also Coastal erosion Cloud reflectivity modification Sea air Sea breeze Salt Air New Zealand Airline Saltwater intrusion Wind wave DEFAULTSORT Sea Spray Category Oceanography Ocean stub fr Embrun marin ja ko pt Maresia ... more details
In nanotechnology , nanorods are one morphology of nanoscale objects. Each of their dimensions range from 1&ndash 100 1 E 9 m nm . They may be synthesized from metals or semiconducting materials. Standard aspect ratio image aspect ratio s length divided by width are 3 5. Nanorods are produced by direct chemical synthesis . A combination of ligand s act as shape control agents and bond to different facets of the nanorod with different strengths. This allows different faces of the nanorod to grow at different rates, producing an elongated object. The applications of nanorods are diverse, ranging from display technologies the reflectivity of the rods can be changed by changing their orientation with an applied electric field to microelectromechanical systems MEMS . Nanorods based on semiconducting materials have also been investigated for application as energy harvesting and light emitting devices. In 2006, Ramanathan et. al. demonstrated sup 1 sup electric field mediated tunable photoluminescence from ZnO nanorods, with potential for application as novel sources of near ultraviolet radiation. See also Nanowire Nanopillar Aggregated diamond nanorod External links http www.eetimes.com article showArticle.jhtml?articleID 174900230 Nanorods show negative refraction in near IR EE Times, December 5, 2005 http www.articleworld.org index.php Nanorod Nanorod synthesis and applications http www.springerlink.com content v4h444108k14h670 S. Ramanathan, S. Patibandla, S. Bandyopadhyay, J.D. Edwards, J. Anderson, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron 17, 651 2006 Category Nanomaterials tech stub fr Nanotige nl Nanostaafjes ... more details
unreferenced date July 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Surface freezing is the appearance of long range crystalline order in a near surface layer of a liquid . The surface freezing effect is opposite to a far more common surface melting , or premelting . Surface Freezing was experimentally discovered in melts of alkanes and related chain molecules in the early 1990s independently by two groups. John Earnshaw and his group Qeen s University of Belfast used light scattering, which did not allow a determination of the frozen layer s thickness, and whether or not it is laterally ordered. A group led by Ben Ocko Brookhaven National Laboratory , Eric Sirota Exxon and Moshe Deutsch Bar Ilan University, Israel discovered independently the same effect, using x ray reflectivity which allowed them to show that the frozen layer is a crystalline monolayer, with molecules oriented roughly along the surface normal, and ordered in an hexagonal lattice. A related effect, the existence of a smectic phase at the surface of a nematic liquid bulk was observed in liquid crystals by Jens Als Nielsen Riso National Laboratory, Denmark and Peter Pershan Harvard University in the early 1980s. However, the surface layer there was neither ordered, nor confined to a single layer. Surface freezing has since been found in a wide range of chain molecules and at various interfaces liquid air, liquid solid and liquid liquid. Category Phases of matter physics stub he ... more details
AgInSbTe , or Silver Indium Antimony Tellurium , is a phase change material from the group of chalcogenide glass es, used in rewritable optical disc s such as CD RW rewritable CDs and phase change memory applications. It is a quaternary compound of silver , indium , antimony , and tellurium . During writing, the material is first erased, initialized into its crystalline state, with long, lower intensity laser irradiation. The material heats up to its crystallization temperature, but not up to its melting point, and crystallizes in a metastable face centered cubic structure. Then the information is written on the crystalline phase, by heating spots of it with short 10 ns , high intensity laser pulses the material locally melts and is quickly cooled, remaining in the amorphous phase. As the amorphous phase has lower reflectivity than the crystalline phase, the bitstream can be recorded as dark amorphous spots on the crystalline background. At low linear velocities, clusters of crystalline material can exist in the amorphous spots. http jjap.ipap.jp link?JJAP 44 3042 Another similar material is GeSbTe , offering a lower linear density, but with higher overwrite cycles by 1 2 orders of magnitude. It is used in pit and groove recording formats, often in DVD RW rewritable DVDs . Glass science Category Optical materials Category Alloys Category Non oxide glasses Category Compact Disc Category Chalcogenides alloy stub glass material stub ... more details
A cold shield is a device to protect an object from unwanted heating by thermal radiation or light. Usually it is a cooled object with low absorption and high reflectivity . Image Point Cold Shield.png thumb 300px right Schematic diagram showing a cross section of a black cold shield reducing the thermal radiation on a point detector It can be found in Molecular beam epitaxy chambers to protect the growth areas from thermal radiation from hot sources. In cryostat s, a radiation shield protects a sample from infrared radiation. An infrared detector is protected from thermal background radiation outside its optical field of view . These devices are usually cooled to the same temperature as the detector. Cold shields are typically used in IR optical devices for military, scientific and industrial applications to protect IR sensors from stray IR radiation lowering noise figures . Most coldshield applications require near instantaneous cooling, the low mass of the structure is very important. References Cold radiation shields for IR detector arrays, N. Sclar, Infrared Physics, vol. 28, p. 173 176 1988 . ISSN 0020 0891 US patent 4391678 , Methods of making infrared detector array cold shield . US patent 6091069 , Ashley et al., July 18 2000, Infrared optical system . Category Infrared imaging Category Thermal protection ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Bede X ray Metrology is company based in Durham , England which supplies x ray analysis equipment for materials science research and metrology x ray metrology equipment for use semiconductor manufacturing. The company is named after the Venerable Bede , an eight century monk and historian who lived near what is now Durham , where the company s worldwide headquarters are located. The company also has operations in Denver, Colorado in the USA . Bede X ray Metrology is listed on the London Stock Exchange as BED L. Company history The company was founded in 1978 as Bede Scientific Instruments Ltd by Brian Tanner, a physics professor at the University of Durham . Recently Bede has been acquired by Jordan Valley on April 14, 2008 Areas of expertise Bede X ray Metrology manufactures equipment for the following analytical applications X ray diffraction including High resolution x ray diffraction and x ray diffraction imaging X ray reflectivity External links http www.jvsemi.com Company home page DEFAULTSORT Jordan Valley Semiconductors UK Ltd Category Technology companies of the United Kingdom Category X ray equipment manufacturers ... more details
Technical date October 2009 Streamer is a radiative transfer code Key and Schweiger, 1988 to calculate radiance s intensities or irradiance s in the atmosphere. The code uses N stream approximation to the radiative transfer equations Stamnes et al. 1988 and allows for flexible choice of bands. The code can be used both for satellite radiance applications and estimates of heating rates in both cloudy and non cloudy atmosphere. One can specify surface reflectivity. Streamer is written in FORTRAN . FluxNet FluxNet, the neural network version of Streamer, calculates upwelling and downwelling surface flux in either shortwave or longwave. It is less flexible than Streamer but is two to four times faster. See also List of atmospheric radiative transfer codes Atmospheric radiative transfer codes DISORT References Refbegin Key, J. and A.J. Schweiger, 1998, Tools for atmospheric radiative transfer Streamer and FluxNet, Computers & Geosciences, 24 5 , 443 451. Stamnes, K., S. Tsay, W. Wiscombe and K. Jayaweera, 1988 Numerically stable algorithm for discrete ordinate method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media. Appl. Opt., 27, 2502 2509. Refend Reflist External links http stratus.ssec.wisc.edu streamer Streamer home page http stratus.ssec.wisc.edu fluxnet FluxNet home page DEFAULTSORT Streamer Software Category Atmospheric radiative transfer codes Science software stub ... more details
Dropout within the realm of electronics and electrical engineering , has a number of uses. It is the dropping away of a flake of magnetic material from magnetic tape , leading to loss of Signal electronics signal , or a failure to properly read a binary numeral system binary character computing character from data storage device data storage . In magnetic disk , tape, card, or drum systems, a dropout is a recorded signal with an amplitude less than a predetermined percentage of a reference signal. On an optical disc , it is an area of reduced or obscured reflectivity due to fingerprint s, scratch es, or other damage. It may also be a voltage potential difference between the input and output terminals of a linear regulator , below which the regulator can not meet its specification s. A dropout is also a momentary loss of signalling telecommunication signal in a communications system , usually caused by noise , radio propagation propagation anomalies, or system malfunction s. For analog signal s, a dropout is frequently gradual and partial, depending on the cause . For digital signal s, dropouts are more pronounced, usually being sudden and complete, due to the cliff effect . In mobile telephony , a dropout of more than a few second s will result in a dropped call . References FS1037C MS188 DEFAULTSORT Dropout Electronics Category Communication Category Electronics terms de Drop Out Technik ... more details
Cap carbonates are layers of distinctively textured carbonate rock geology rock s which typically form the uppermost layer of sedimentary sequences reflecting major glaciations in the geological record. The rising temperatures, and increased oceanic surface area due to reduced ice cover and rising sea levels at the end of a glaciation increase the rate of precipitation meteorology precipitation . High concentrations of greenhouse gas ses such as carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub must build up in the atmosphere to overcome the effect of the high reflectivity albedo of ice and allow temperatures to rise sufficiently to begin melting. Increased precipitation dissolves carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, falling as a weak carbonic acid acid rain . This would weather exposed silicate and carbonate rock, including readily attacked glacial debris, which would releasing large amounts of calcium. When washed into the ocean, these precipitation chemistry precipitate to form distinctively textured layers of carbonate sedimentary rock . A heavily debated cap carbonate appears at the top of the Gaskiers Glaciation, believed by many to be Snowball Earth global in extent . geology stub You may find http www.snowballearth.org capcarbs.html this link helpful Category Geology Category Glaciers nl Cap carbonate ... more details
unreferenced date December 2010 Orphan date February 2010 Empirical reflectance retrieval is a technique in satellite imaging for determining the reflectance of unknown targets by comparison with those areas whose reflectance is independently known. The concept of Empirical Reflectance Retrieval was developed to address the difficulty in obtaining accurate spectral reflectance measurements of the surface of the Earth. Currently, sophisticated modeling techniques must be used to obtain the spectral reflectance of targets at the surface of the Earth from measurements that are made by satellites above the top of the atmosphere. These modeling techniques must primarily compensate for effects of the atmosphere. Modeling requires accurate radiometric calibration of the sensor. One method for calibration is the use of ground truth sites, or vicarious calibration . There are many targets on the surface of the Earth for which the spectral reflectivity is known. By utilizing this information, calibration of the sensor could be done with information acquired during the course of normal operation. This method is particularly effective with a hyperspectral or full spectral imaging system. If the spectral reflectance of targets is known, the spectral contribution of the atmosphere can be calculated by looking at the difference between the reflectance measured by the instrument and the actual spectral reflectance. The logical extension of this procedure is to simply figure out the reflectance of any unknown target based on the reflectance of known targets. Category Spectroscopy Category Satellite meteorology and remote sensing Category Remote sensing ... more details
Hugo Christiaan Hamaker 23 March 1905, Broek op Langedijk , North Holland 7 September 1993, Eindhoven was a Netherlands Dutch scientist, who was responsible for the Hamaker theory which explains the van der Waals forces between objects larger than molecules. His 1937 paper was heavily cited. He completed his doctorate at the Universiteit Utrecht in 1934. His dissertation was labelled Reflectivity and Emissivity of Tungsten with a Description of a New Method to Determine the Total Reflectivity of Any Surface in a Simple and Accurate Way . His adviser was Leonard Ornstein . From 1934 to 1967 he was employed in the Physical Laboratory of Philips in Eindhoven, and from 1960 to 1972 he was Professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology . ref cite journal jstor 2983534 title Obituary Hugo Christiaan Hamaker 1905 93 work Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A Statistics in Society volume 157 year 1994 page 500 ref ref cite web url http www.win.tue.nl lotgevallen em title Oud medewerkers van de faculteit Wiskunde en Informatica van de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven en haar voorgangers language Dutch publisher Technische Universiteit Eindhoven ref Publications Hamaker published the following papers ref http www.win.tue.nl lotgevallen em hamaker1.pdf ref ref http oametuep.uci.ru.nl metue pk apa n.medewerker?p url id 3789 ref ref cite journal url http www3.interscience.wiley.com journal 120800687 abstract title Publications of H.C. Hamaker doi 10.1111 j.1467 9574.1972.tb00164.x journal Statistica Neerlandica year 2008 pages 9 13 volume 26 issue 3 ref H.C. Hamaker 1934 . Reflectivity and emissivity of tungsten with a description of a new method to determine the total reflectivity of any surface in a simple and accurate way. Amsterdam Noord Hollandsche Uitg. Mij. x 76 pp. PhD thesis University of Utrecht H.C. Hamaker and W.F. Beezhold 1934 . Gebrauch einer Selen Sperrschicht Photo Zelle zur Messung sehr schwacher Intensit aten. Physica 1, 119 122. H.C. Hamake ... more details
and archived NEXRAD Level II data volumetric reflectivity and velocity data ref Cite web url http ... . Base reflectivity, base velocity, storm relative velocity, and spectrum width sweeps for all radar ... to produce a high quality volumetric display and several high resolution reflectivity derived .... GR2Analyst contains algorithm s flagging certain features in the reflectivity data. In reflectivities ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2010 Shading coefficient , is a value that determines one type of thermal performance of a glass unit panel or window in a building . It is basically the ratio of solar gain due to direct sunlight passing through a glass unit to the solar energy which passes through 3mm Clear Float Glass . It is referred to as an indicator to how the glass is thermally Thermal insulation insulating shade shading the interior when there is direct sunlight on the panel or window. The shading coefficient SC depends on the color of glass and degree of reflectivity . It also depends on the type of reflective metal oxide s for the case of reflective glass. Sputter coated reflective and or sputter coated low emissivity glasses tend to have lower SC compared to the same pyrolitic ally coated reflective and or low emissivity glass. It is usually a value ranging from 1.00 to 0.00, but experiments Which? date February 2010 show that the value of the SC is between 0.98 0.10. It is known to designers and architect s that the SC value plays a significant role in the selection of glass, specially at high temperature areas. Usually at those areas, low SC is needed to lower the solar heat gain through the glass. It works with the direct sunlight, and with the absence of sunlight SC loses its significance in design. References refs Category Glass engineering and science Category Glass architecture Category Glass physics Category Shading ta fr Facteur d ombre ... more details
italic title taxobox name Dudleya brittonii image Dudleya Brittonii.jpg image caption Dudleya brittonii at the Wave Hill public garden, Bronx, New York regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Core eudicots ordo Saxifragales familia Crassulaceae genus Dudleya species D. brittonii binomial Dudleya brittonii binomial authority synonyms Commons Dudleya brittonii DUD lee yuh brit TON ee eye , common name Chalk Dudleya , is a succulent plant in the Crassulaceae family. It is found in Baja California. Leaves grow in a basal rosette and are covered with a dusty, chalky, mealy white epicuticular wax . The wax in its mealy state on the leaves is attracted to water and coats drops on the leaves and prevents their evaporation. The wax has the highest measured ultraviolet reflectivity of any plant. ref Spectral Properties of Heavily Glaucous and Non Glaucous Leaves of a Succulent Rosette Plant, Thomas W. Mulroy, Oecologia, 1979, http www.springerlink.com content mx338w746mx33950 ref Dudleya brittonii is similar in appearance to Dudleya pulverulenta . References references Crassulaceae stub Use dmy dates date December 2010 Category Dudleya lanceolata Category Flora of Baja California Category Flora of California chaparral and woodlands es Dudleya lanceolata ... more details
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy DRIFTS ref C. P. Sherman Hsu, Ph.D. Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1997, 262. ref is an infrared spectroscopy spectra technique used on powder samples with no preparation. The sample is added to a sample cup and the data is collected on the bulk sample. The infrared light on a sample is reflected and transmitted at different amounts depending on the bulk properties of material. The diffuse reflection is produced by the sample rough surfaces reflection of the light in all directions and is collected by use of an ellipsoid or paraboloid mirror. Shape, compactness, refractive index, reflectivity and absorption of the particles are all characteristic of the material being analyzed. If the sample is too absorbent, then it can be diluted with a nonabsorbent material such as potassium bromide, potassium chloride, etc. Particle size should be smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, so this would infer that it should be less than 5 microns for mid range infrared spectroscopy. The spectra are plotted in units of log inverse reflectance log 1 R verses wavenumber. Alternative plots of Kubelka Munk units can be used, which relate reflectance to concentration using a scaling factor. References Reflist Category Infrared spectroscopy Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
A foot lambert or footlambert fL, sometimes fl or ft L is a unit of luminance in U.S. customary units and some other unit systems. A foot lambert equals 1 &pi candela per square foot , or 3.426 candela per square meter the corresponding SI unit . The foot lambert is named after Johann Heinrich Lambert 1728 1777 , a Swiss German mathematician, physicist and astronomer. It is rarely used by electrical and lighting engineers, in favor of the candela per square foot or candela per square meter. The luminance of a perfect Lambertian reflectance Lambertian diffuse reflecting surface in foot lamberts is equal to the incident illuminance in foot candle s. For real diffuse reflectors, the ratio of luminance to illuminance in these units is roughly equal to the reflectance of the surface. Mathematically, math L mathrm v E mathrm v times R math , where math L mathrm v math is the luminance, in foot lamberts, math E mathrm v math is the illuminance, in foot candles, and math R math is the reflectivity, expressed as a fractional number For example, a grey card with 18 reflectivity would have math R 0.18 math . The foot lambert is used in the motion picture industry for measuring the luminance of images on a projection screen . The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers SMPTE recommended, in SMPTE 196M, a screen luminance of 16 foot lamberts for commercial movie theaters, open gate with no film in the Movie projector projector . Typical base density of 0.05 yields peak white of about 14 fL. The current revision of SMPTE 196M specifies 55 candela per square meter nit unit nits . The foot lambert is also used in the flight simulation industry to measure the highlight brightness of visual display systems. The minimum required highlight brightness varies based on the type and level of Flight Simulation Training Device FSTD , but is generally 3 6 foot lamberts for most devices qualified under Federal Aviation Administration FAA or Joint Aviation Authorities JAA regula ... more details
For other uses of Virgo Virgo disambiguation Unreferenced date January 2010 The Virgo is a gravitational wave detector in Italy, which commenced operations in 2007. It is one of a handful of the world s major experiments working towards the observation of gravitational waves. Virgo is a massive Michelson laser interferometer made of two orthogonal arms, each three kilometers long. Multiple reflections between mirrors located at the extremities of each arm extend the effective optical length of each arm up to 120 kilometers. Virgo is located within the site of EGO European Gravitational Observatory at Cascina , Italy . The gravitational wave frequency range Virgo is sensitive to extends from ten hertz to ten kilohertz. This range as well as the very high sensitivity should allow detection of gravitational radiation produced by supernova e and coalescence of binary system s in the Milky Way and in outer galaxies, for instance from the Virgo cluster . In order to reach the extreme sensitivity required, the whole interferometer attains optical perfection and is extremely well isolated, in order to be only sensitive to the gravitational waves. To achieve this, Italian and French project scientists have developed many of the current leading techniques in the fields of high power ultrastable laser s, high reflectivity mirror s, seismic isolation and position and alignment control. Regarding optics, Virgo uses a new generation of ultrastable lasers, and the most stable oscillator ever built. A specific optical coating facility was built to produce extremely high quality mirrors combining reflectivity over 99.999 , with nanometer surface control. To avoid spurious motions of the optical components due to seismic noise each component is isolated by a 10 m high, very elaborate system of compound pendulum s. Because the presence of a residual gas would slightly perturb the measurements the light beam must propagate under ultra high vacuum . Indeed, the two tubes, 3 km ... more details
of direction. Absorptivity , Reflectivity , and Transmissivity t If the amounts of radiation energy ... groups see Figure 2 , they are called Absorptivity , Reflectivity , and Transmissivity t . ref ... absorbed by a surface. Reflectivity is the fraction reflected by the surface. Transmissivity ... be considered opaque reducing Equation 1 to 1 Equation 2 Reflectivity deviates from the other ... are Emissivity ,Absorptivity , Reflectivity , and Transmissivity t See also Heat Conduction ... more details
that its reflectivity could be decreased by nearly half. It is not true that a double sided radiant ... coating Low emissivity Reflectivity R value insulation R value Space blanket Thin film deposition ... more details
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