Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A refluxsuppressant is any one of a number of Medication drugs used to combat oesophageal reflux . Commonly, following ingestion a raft of alginic acid is created, floating on the stomach contents by carbon dioxide released by the drug. This forms a mechanical barrier to further reflux. Some preparations also contain antacid s to protect the oesophagus . Reflux can also be coincidentally reduced by the Category Motility stimulants motility stimulants and antidopaminergic s. DEFAULTSORT RefluxSuppressant Category Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal system and metabolism th ... more details
This article is about using reflux in chemical engineering and chemistry. For other usage, see Reflux disambiguation . File Continuous Binary Fractional Distillation.PNG frame right 217px The reflux system in a typical industrial distillation column Reflux is a distillation technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated. It is used ... reaction reaction s over a long period of time. Reflux in industrial distillation The term reflux ref cite book author Kister, Henry Z. title Distillation Design edition 1st Edition publisher ... and chemical plant s, and natural gas processing plants. In that context, reflux refers ... column. Inside the column, the downflowing reflux liquid provides cooling and condensation of the upflowing vapors thereby increasing the efficiency of the distillation column. The more reflux ... reflux is provided, the fewer theoretical plates are required. Reflux to apply energy to chemical reactions Image Reflux labled.svg thumb 200px Laboratory reflux apparatus for adding energy to a chemical ... shows a typical reflux apparatus for applying energy to chemical reactions. It includes an optional ... with a sand bath . Reflux in laboratory distillation Image Fractional distillation lab apparatus.svg thumb 225px Laboratory apparatus using reflux to supply energy to chemical reactions. An Erlenmeyer ... , the feed mixture enters in the middle of the column. Reflux in beverage distillation By controlling the temperature of the condenser, a reflux still may be used to ensure that higher boiling ... columns all of which use reflux Image Reflux apparatus numbered.svg Organic synthesis apparatus using reflux gallery Distillation Category Distillation Category Chemical processes Category Industrial ... et Flegma es Reflujo fa fr Chauffage reflux nl Reflux scheikunde ja ru sk Reflux ch mia zh ... more details
Reflux is a distillation technique involving the condensation of vapors and the return of this condensate to the system from which it originated. Reflux may also refer to Medical Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease GORD Gastroesophageal reflux disease or Gastric reflux disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease or Acid reflux disease Laryngopharyngeal reflux LPR Laryngopharyngeal reflux or Extraesophageal reflux disease EERD Laryngopharyngeal reflux or Atypical reflux Laryngopharyngeal reflux or Supraesophageal Heartburn Biliary reflux Biliary reflux or Duodenogastric reflux Vesicoureteral reflux Disambig de Reflux fr Reflux hu Reflux egy rtelm s t lap nl Reflux pl Reflux pt Refluxo sk Reflux ... more details
Biliary reflux or duodenogastric reflux is a condition that occurs when biliary fluid flows upward refluxes from the duodenum into the stomach and esophagus . ref name CheifetzBrown2011 cite book last1 Cheifetz first1 Adam S. last2 Brown first2 Alphonso last3 Curry first3 Michael coauthors Alan C. Moss title Oxford American Handbook of Gastroenterology and Hepatology url http books.google.com books?id UbX 6Qbj 0C&pg PA239 accessdate 2 August 2011 date 2011 03 10 publisher Oxford University Press US isbn 9780195383188 pages 239 ref It is different from Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease GERD , which happens when the stomach acid s flow into the esophagus. Symptoms Frequent heartburn Nausea Vomit ing Biliary reflux, often confused with acid reflux, should not be left untreated. Biliary reflux has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Barrett s Oesophagus . Gastro oesophageal reflux disease is typically thought of as an acid reflux problem. However, studies have shown that biliary reflux can be a contributing factor in oesophageal complications of the disease. Incidence of Barrett s oesophagus and Esophageal cancer oesophageal adenocarcinoma is greater among patients with biliary reflux and excessive duodenogastric reflux has been implicated in the etiology of antral gastric ulcers and gastritis. Causes Most damage to the pyloric valve occurs as a complication of gastric surgery. Other causes of biliary reflux include Peptic ulcer Gallbladder surgery cholecystectomy References reflist External links http www.medhelp.org posts GERD Acid Reflux biliary reflux syndrome show 1028354 Biliary reflux http www.cnn.com HEALTH library bile reflux DS00651.html Bile Reflux page at CNN Health symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, prevention Category Disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas ru ... more details
Laryngopharyngeal reflux LPR , ref name cornell http www.nycornell.org ent Laryngopharyngeal.reflux.html Laryngopharyngeal Reflux , New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center ref ref name about http heartburn.about.com od gastrictractdisorders a whatis LPR.htm Laryngopharyngeal Reflux LPR , About.com ref also extraesophageal reflux disease EERD ref cite journal author Kahrilas PJ title Maximizing outcome of extraesophageal reflux disease journal Am J Manag Care volume 6 issue 16 ... reflux disease GERD , heartburn is present in fewer than 50 of the patients with LPR. Other terms used to describe this condition include atypical reflux , ref Cite web last first title MARCI Kids Midwest Acid Reflux Children s Institute url http www.marci kids.com eerintro.html .... 2004 6 1 cite web url http www.medscape.com viewarticle 471304 title Supraesophageal Reflux Approach ... author Zerbib F, Stoll D title Management of laryngopharyngeal reflux an unmet medical need. journal ... j.1365 2982.2009.01437.x ref reflux . Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD was recognized ... doi 10.1288 00005537 196811000 00007 pmid 5722896 ref Subsequent studies suggested that acid reflux ... and DeMeester were the first to document the link between these airway symptoms and reflux of gastric contents. They also proved that treatment of reflux disease results in elimination of these airway ... LF. last4 Skinner first4 DB. title Gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration incidence, functional ... suffer from laryngopharyngeal reflux, or LPR, are more likely to experience symptoms as a result of stomach ... the esophagus. ref cite web url http www.jamiekoufman.com 2010 01 08 silent reflux laryngopharyngeal reflux lpr is ubiquitous title Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Silent Reflux The Basics first last ... just after waking. ref cite web url http www.heartburn stop.com laryngopharyngeal reflux diet title Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Diet ref Diagnosis As there are multiple potential etiologies for the respiratory ... more details
Infobox disease Name Vesicoureteral Reflux ICD10 ICD10 N 13 7 n 10 ICD9 ICD9 593.7 ICDO Image Ultrasound Scan ND 0119092150 0939241.png Caption OMIM OMIM mult MedlinePlus 000459 eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 2750 DiseasesDB 13835 MeshID D014718 Vesicoureteral reflux VUR is an abnormal movement of urine from the urinary bladder bladder into ureter s or kidney s. Urine normally travels from the kidneys via the ureters to the bladder. In vesicoureteral reflux the direction of urine wikt flow flow is reversed retrograde . Symptoms Vesicoureteral reflux may present before birth as prenatal hydronephrosis , an abnormal widening of the ureter or with a urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis ... reflux. Newborns may be lethargy lethargic with faltering growth, while infants and young ... reflux, Hydronephrosis , cleft lip and palate , Intestinal obstruction and other symptoms ... bladder and non neurogenic neurogenic bladder Urinary tract infections may cause reflux due to the elevated ... of cases being female. International Classification of Vesicoureteral Reflux Grade I reflux into non dilated ureter Grade II reflux into the renal pelvis and calyces without dilatation Grade III mild .... Diagnosis File Vesicoureteral reflux 004.jpg thumb VCUG demonstrating bilateral Grade III vesicoureteral reflux. The following procedures may be used to diagnose VUR Nuclear cystogram RNC Fluoroscopic ... Summary of the AUA Guideline on Management of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children. journal ... injections to treat Vesicoureteral Reflux. It is the material that the surgeon injects around the ureteral ... . References reflist Nephrology DEFAULTSORT Vesicoureteral Reflux Category Urinary bladder disorders ar de Vesikorenaler Reflux fr Reflux v sico ur t ro r nal it Reflusso vescico ureterale nl Vesico ureterale reflux pl Odp yw p cherzowo moczowodowy ru sv Vesikoureteral reflux ... more details
Refimprove date June 2008 Vesicouretic reflux is a condition in which normal compression of the urinary bladder bladder during urination results in an abnormal backflow of urine into the kidney s. It is the second most common renal disease in children. ref Name Trull cite book last Trull first authorlink coauthors Andrew K. Trull, Lawrence M. Demers, David W. Holt, Atholl Johnston, Christopher P. Price, J. Michael Tredger title Biomarkers of Disease An Evidence Based Approach publisher Cambridge University Press year 2002 location url http books.google.com books?id cg0lyqSKUY8C&pg PA50&dq 22Vesicouretic reflux 22&as brr 3&client firefox a&sig FaqgRo3Ku0MABK mAUPzuxiFZ8 doi isbn 0521811023 page 50 ref Over a period of weeks, months or years, this leads to kidney infection , permanent scar ring of kidney tissue, high blood pressure , and if left untreated, renal failure . It is a congenital defect related to the bladder and or ureters tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder and can be hereditary. Symptoms Painful urination and recurrent symptoms of kidney infection are common symptoms. Treatment Depending on the severity of the reflux, surgery is usually recommended. Low grade reflux often resolves on its own as the child grows, and this type of reflux does not require surgery however close monitoring and special antibiotics must be administered. High grade reflux can benefit from surgery, of which a selection of techniques are described below. Bladder augmentation to reduce pressure in the bladder during urination. Ureter repositioning has emerged in the 1990s. Ureter repositioning is less complicated to perform than bladder augmentation and so far has proved to suffer from less complications post surgery. The refluxing ureter or urinary tube is repositioned or re implanted in the bladder wall. The end of the ureter is surrounded by bladder muscle in this new ... to prevent further kidney damage due to reflux. Prognosis Provided an early diagnosis occurs, prognosis ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Reflux nephropathy Image Caption DiseasesDB 11209 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 593.73 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000459 eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 597 MeshID Reflux nephropathy , RN is a term applied when small and scarred kidneys chronic pyelonephritis , CPN are associated with vesico ureteric reflux VUR . CPN being the most common cause, there are other causes including analgesic nephropathy and obstructive injury. Scarring is essential in developing RN and occurs almost during the first five years of life. The end results of RN are hypertension , proteinuria , CRF and eventually ESRD, Chronic kidney disease end stage renal disease . The term was introduced in 1973. ref name pmid9848795 cite journal author Dillon MJ, Goonasekera CD title Reflux nephropathy journal J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. volume 9 issue 12 pages 2377 83 year 1998 month December pmid 9848795 doi url http jasn.asnjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 9848795 ref ref name pmid4783715 cite journal author Bailey RR title The relationship of vesico ureteric reflux to urinary tract infection and chronic pyelonephritis reflux nephropathy journal Clin. Nephrol. volume 1 issue 3 pages 132 41 year 1973 pmid 4783715 doi url ref Diagnosis It is diagnosed by micturating cystography , scarring can of course be demonstrated by ultrasound or DMSA . Incidence prevalence There is a genetic predisposition, first degree relatives have a great increase in the chance of VUR. The gene frequency is estimated to be 1 600. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children from 2 to 24 months presenting with a UTI should be investigated for VUR. Citation needed date April 2010 Treatment The aim of treatment is to reduce renal scarring. Those children with grade II or worse should receive low dose prophylactic antibiotic s Nitrofurantoin , trimethoprim , cotrimoxazole , cefalexin in those with CRF . Hypertension should be managed with ACE inhibitor or Angiotensin receptor blocker ARBs . Other treatment modalities ... more details
wiktionarypar suppress The term suppression may refer to Oppression , the exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner, also an act or instance of oppressing Censorship , the suppression of public communication considered objectionable to the general body of people as determined by a government or media outlet Voter suppression , a strategy to influence the outcome of an election by discouraging or preventing people from exercising their right to vote Cultural suppression , occurs when a culture is suppressed, usually coinciding with the promotion of another culture, often related to cultural imperialism Religious intolerance , intolerance against another s religious beliefs or practices by individuals, private groups, government agencies or the whole government Suppression of dissent , occurs when an individual or group tries to censor, persecute or otherwise oppress the other party rather than communicate logically Thought suppression , the process of deliberately trying to stop thinking about certain thoughts, associated with obsessive compulsive disorder Weapons Suppressor , a device attached to or part of the barrel of a firearm which reduces the amount of noise and flash generated by firing the weapon Suppressive fire , weapons fire that degrades the performance of a target below the level needed to fulfill its mission Math, science, and technology Compton suppression , in nuclear physics Free energy suppression and other suppressed technology Silence suppression , in telephony Suppression subtractive hybridization , in biochemistry Transient voltage suppression diode Electromagnetic interference suppression, e.g., of electrical noise from switches and motors Zero suppression , in math and information theory Health and medicine Appetite suppression Bone marrow suppression Cough medicine , which may contain a cough suppressant, a medicinal drug used in an attempt to treat coughing Suppression eye Flash suppression Reflux suppressant , ... more details
K21 may refer to K21 , a military vehicle the ICD 10 code for the gastroesophageal reflux Schleicher ASK 21 , a glider Letter NumberCombDisambig ... more details
Anexate is the trade name of two different drugs Flumazenil , a benzodiazepine antagonist Mefenorex , a stimulant drug which was used as an appetite suppressant disambig ... more details
Impedance pH monitoring is a technique used in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease . ref name pmid19281866 cite journal author Pritchett JM, Aslam M, Slaughter JC, Ness RM, Garrett CG, Vaezi MF title Efficacy of Esophageal Impedance pH Monitoring in Patients With Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, on and off Therapy journal Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. volume 7 issue 7 pages 743 8 year 2009 month March pmid 19281866 doi 10.1016 j.cgh.2009.02.022 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S1542 3565 09 00199 2 ref Patients with ongoing symptoms while on PPI therapy are commonly diagnosed with impedance pH monitoring while continuing their medications. The impedance pH monitoring diagnostic test determines the frequency of reflux episodes and the time relationship of reflux episodes and symptoms. The impedance pH monitoring test determines if the patient s symptoms are related to acid reflux , related to nonacid reflux , or not related to reflux of any type. A positive GERD diagnosis is made if acid or nonacid reflux precedes symptoms in a statistically meaningful manner. Patients with a positive impedance pH monitoring test may benefit from acid reduction therapy such as fundoplication surgery or endoscopic fundoplication techniques. References reflist Digestive system procedures Category Medical tests Category Digestive system procedures medicine stub ru uk pH ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Hyponephrosis is the reflux of urine into the kidney s. It is common in newly born children. Category Kidney diseases Category Nephrology medical stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Esophagogastric dissociation is a surgical procedure that is sometimes used to treat gastroesophageal reflux , mainly in neurologically impaired children. treatment stub Category Digestive system surgery ... more details
Gord may refer to GORD , gastro oesophageal reflux disease, mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus Gord archaeology Middle Ages medieval Slavic peoples Slavic settlement Gord the Rogue , a fictional character created by Gary Gygax Gord given name , people with the given name Gord Gord British dialect , a dated regional pronunciation of the word God found in Kipling s The Man Who Would Be King disambig fr Gord homonymie ... more details
The Skellic Manoeuvre is a technique used in Rapid Sequence Induction RSI to prevent gastric reflux by putting pressure on the cricoid cartilage with a finger digital pressure . stub See Also Cricoid cartilage Clinical significance Tracheal intubation Rapid sequence induction and intubation References ... more details
Carditis is the inflammation of the heart ref DorlandsDict two 000017437 carditis ref or its surroundings. It is usually studied and treated by specifying it as Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart heart muscle Endocarditis is the inflammation of the endocardium Reflux carditis refers to a possible outcome of esophageal reflux also known as Gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD Pancarditis inflammation of the entire heart the epicardium and the myocardium and the endocardium carditis inflammation of the heart References reflist Heart diseases Inflammation Category Heart diseases disease stub ar de Karditis es Carditis it Pancardite pt Cardite fi Syd ntulehdus ... more details
pollution , ref name Lancet causes asthma , gastroesophageal reflux disease , post nasal drip , chronic ... about serious illnesses, and reassurance may suffice. Cough suppressant s such as codeine ... to post nasal drip , asthma , eosinophilic bronchitis , and gastroesophageal reflux disease . ref ..., and a cough suppressant to reduce frequency of the cough until inflammation clears. Citation .... May also be caused by Pneumoconiosis and long term fume inhalation. Gastroesophageal reflux In people with unexplained cough, gastroesophageal reflux disease should be considered. ref name Review10 ... associated with GERD include heartburn, sour taste in the mouth, or a feeling of acid reflux in the chest ... asthma , post nasal drip and gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD . ref http www.nlhep.org books ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 24 sub H sub 26 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub The molecular formula C sub 24 sub H sub 26 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub molar mass 406.474 g mol may refer to Carvedilol , a non selective beta blocker alpha 1 blocker indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate congestive heart failure Nicodicodeine , an opiate derivative developed as a cough suppressant and analgesic MolFormDisambig ... more details
wiktionarypar nerd The term nerd or nerds may refer to one of the following Nerd , a stereotype of studious people with unique interests The Nerds , a series of Saturday Night Live sketches Nerds candy , a candy Nerds FC , an Australian television documentary featuring soccer N.E.R.D , a Rock Hip Hop group fronted by Pharrell Williams NERD television production company , a television production company set up by Survivor creator, Charlie Parsons A fictional creature from Dr. Seuss s If I Ran the Zoo Nonerosive reflux disease , a form of gastroesophageal reflux disease The Angry Video Game Nerd , a web series that started in 2006 N.E.R.D.S. film N.E.R.D.S. , an upcoming film produced by Rocket Pictures disambig fr Nerd homonymie ja NERD pt Nerd desambigua o ... more details
GER or Ger may refer to Great Eastern Railway , a British railway company formed in 1862 The list of IOC country codes Olympic and List of FIFA country codes FIFA country code for GER Great Eastern Run , a running event in Peterborough , United Kingdom endoplasmic reticulum Granular endoplasmic reticulum , a cell organelle Gross enrolment ratio , a statistical measure used in the education sector and by the UN Gastroesophageal reflux, a less severe form of gastroesophageal reflux disease Gap Excess Ratio , a statistical measure in evolutionary biology for the congruence of tree topology with stratigraphic occurrence Rafael Cabrera Airport IATA code GER disambig it GER lv GER ja GER ... more details
A Hill repair is an anti reflux acid reflux procedure. ref cite journal doi 10.1016 0002 9610 94 90254 2 journal Am J Surg. date May 1994 volume 167 issue 5 pages 542&ndash 546 title Early results with the laparoscopic Hill repair author R. W. Aye, L. D. Hill, S. J. Kraemer, and P. Snopkowski P. pmid 8185045 ref It is similar to the Nissen fundoplication . Though far less common owing to a greater degree of difficulty, studies indicate a similar rate of efficacy. It is performed almost exclusively in the Pacific Northwest . References Reflist Digestive system procedures DEFAULTSORT Hill Repair Category Digestive system surgery Surgery stub ... more details
Jamie A. Koufman , M.D., F.A.C.S. is a researcher on acid reflux and has lectured on the subject both nationally and internationally. She coined the terms laryngopharyngeal reflux and silent reflux . ref cite web url http www.wakehealth.edu News Releases 2006 Test for Esophageal Reflux Licensed to Bayer by Wake Forest University Health Sciences.htm title Test for Esophageal Reflux Licensed to Bayer by Wake Forest University Health Sciences Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center first last work wakehealth.edu year 2011 last update accessdate 17 July 2011 ref Koufman is the founder and director of the Voice ... of New York accessdate July 17, 2011 ref a comprehensive voice and reflux treatment center, and Professor ... of Phonosurgery. ref cite web url http www.edrugstore.md articles expert interviews acid reflux jamie koufman title Best ways to outsmart reflux, Dr. Jamie Koufman Edrugstore Health Articles ... has lectured and published in the fields of laryngology and acid reflux research. Castle Connolly ... is the principal author of Dropping Acid The Reflux Diet Cookbook & Cure , which provides information on healthy eating for people with acid reflux. ref cite web url http www.refluxcookbook.com authors title Dropping Acid The Reflux Diet Cookbook & Cure the authors DrJamie Kaufman publisher reflexcookbook.com ... of gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD A clinical investigation of 225 patients using ambulatory ... for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Laryngoscope 114 2129 34, 2004. Knight J, Lively MO, Johnston N, Dettmar PW, Koufman J. Sensitive Pepsin Immunoassay for Detection of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ... stability of human pepsin implications for reflux attributed laryngeal disease. Laryngoscope. 117 1036 9, 2007. Koufman JA, Jordan C Stern Stern Jordan C , Bauer M. Dropping Acid The Reflux Diet ... Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Therapeutic Benefits and Their Implicatins. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol ... larygopharyngeal reflux Therapeutic benefits and their implications. Persondata Metadata ... more details
Esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux ... objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response ... reflux . Background Deleted image removed File TRDeMeester.jpg right thumb upright Tom DeMeester ... reflux journal Am. J. Gastroenterol. volume 62 issue 4 pages 325 32 year 1974 month October ... acid exposure and they developed a composite pH score to quantify gastroesophageal reflux. The initial ... Reflux Disease GERD is a common disease in western countries. In the United States , 7 ..., but the complaint of heartburn is not always a reliable guide to the presence of acid reflux in the esophagus ... and endoscopy confirm the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease? journal Am Surg volume ... TR, Peters JH, Bremner CG, Chandrasoma P title Biology of gastroesophageal reflux disease pathophysiology ... ref Therefore, the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD on the basis of symptoms or endoscopic ... of gastroesophageal reflux disease. In the past, an indwelling nasoesophageal catheter .... title Effect of ambulatory 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring on reflux provoking activities journal ... art.pdf?issn 0163 2116&volume 44&page 2263 ref This may have resulted in less acid reflux ... capsule. Components of esophageal pH monitoring A reflux episode is defined as esophageal pH drop ... Percent total time pH 4 Percent Upright time pH 4 Percent Supine time pH 4 Number of reflux episodes Number of reflux episodes 5 min Longest reflux episode minutes Multichannel intraluminal impedance ... gastroenterologist and foregut surgeons receive consultations to assess patients with persistent reflux ... that symptoms of these patients are the results of weak acid or non acid reflux. In 1991 Silny ... reflux monitoring journal J. Clin. Gastroenterol. volume 37 issue 3 pages 206 15 year 2003 month September ... reflux Retrograde flow of gastric contents to the upper aerodigestive tract causes a variety ... more details
In urology , a voiding cystourethrogram VCUG , also micturating cystourethrogram MCUG , is a technique for watching a person s urethra and urinary bladder while the person micturition urinates voids . The technique consists of catheter izing the person in order to fill the bladder with a radiocontrast agent, typically diatrizoic acid cystografin . Under fluoroscopy real time x rays the radiologist watches the contrast enter the bladder and looks at the anatomy of the patient. If the contrast moves into the ureter s and back into the kidney s, the radiologist makes the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux , and gives the degree of severity a score. The exam ends when the person voids while the radiologist is watching under fluoroscopy. Consumption of fluid promotes excretion of contrast media after the procedure. It is important to watch the contrast during voiding, because this is when the bladder has the most pressure, and it is most likely this is when reflux will occur. Vesicoureteral reflux kidney reflux is diagnosed with an ultrasound and VCUG. Children who have chronic urinary tract infection s are given this test to determine the level of damage to the kidney. Indications All boys presenting with recurrent UTI or abnormality on ultrasound if first UTI urinary tract infections Girls 3 years of age with their first UTI Girls 5 years of age with febrile UTIs Older girls with pyelonephritis or recurrent UTIs Suspected obstruction e.g. bilateral hydronephrosis Suspected bladder trauma or rupture Stress incontinence urine Contraindications Untreated urinary tract infection Hypersensitivity to contrast media Fever within the past 24 hours See also Posterior urethral valves Benign prostatic hypertrophy Cystography External links http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003784.htm Voiding cystourethrogram National Library of Medicine http www.radiologyinfo.org en info.cfm?pg voidcysto&bhcp 1 What is a voiding cystourethrogram? radiologyinfo.org Urologic procedures ... more details
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