About the English club the organization in Hong Kong ReformClub of Hong Kong class infobox bordered style width 25em text align left font size 95 style font size larger The ReformClub colspan 2 style ... The ReformClub is a gentlemen s club on the south side of Pall Mall, London Pall Mall , in central ... for membership of the ReformClub as a full UK member is 1,344.00, with a one off entrance fee of 875.00. The club enjoys extensive reciprocity with clubs around the world, and attracts significant numbers of foreign members, including diplomats. History File ReformClub. Upper level ... File London Reform Club.jpg thumb 300px The ReformClub in London viewed from Pall Mall, with the Travellers Club immediately to its left Victorian publisher Norman Warne is shown visiting the ReformClub in the 2006 film Miss Potter . The ReformClub appears in Anthony Trollope s 1867 novel Phineas ... in Eighty Days the protagonist, Phileas Fogg , is a member of the ReformClub who sets out to circumnavigate ... Days televised journey around the world in 80 days at the ReformClub. The Club, like other senior ... Club in History and Literature. An Anthology with Commentary London, 2005 Woodbridge, George, The Reform ... s clubs Commons category References Reflist External links http www.reformclub.com ReformClub ... http www.gresham.ac.uk event.asp?PageId 45&EventId 617 The ReformClub Architecture and the Birth ... reformclubpamphlets.shtml ReformClub library pamphlets http www.maryevans.com collections.php ... patronage de ReformClub es ReformClub fr ReformClub it ReformClub ms ReformClub no Reformklubben ... Mall, London Pall Mall SW postcode area SW1 Clubhouse occupied since 1841 Club established for Whig ... the central saloon at first floor level The club was founded in 1836 by Edward Ellice, Sr. Edward ... s Bay Company but whose zeal was chiefly devoted to securing the passage of the Reform Act 1832 . The new club, for members of both Houses of Parliament of the United Kingdom Parliament , was intended ... more details
ReformClub is a London gentlemen s club. ReformClub may also be ReformClub of Hong Kong , Hong Kong political group ReformClub Japan , 1920s Japanese political party Disambig ... more details
div class dablink This article is about the ReformClub in Hong Kong. For other uses, see ReformClub disambiguation . div The ReformClub of Hong Kong zh t s p Xi ngg ng G x nhu first t was a Hong Kong political group founded in 1949 by Brook Bernacchi . For some time the ReformClub and the Civic Association were the closest to opposition parties in Hong Kong as its members contested Urban Council elections. In 1979, the ReformClub threatened to boycott elections if the Urban Council would not receive a majority of elected members and universal franchise was extended to all Hong Kong citizens. In 1982, it took part in the elections for the newly established district council of Hong Kong district board s in the urban districts, which significantly extended the franchise. Notable members Brook Bernacchi Henry Hu Elsie Tu Cecilia Lai Yin Yeung External links http sunzi1.lib.hku.hk newspaper index.jsp Hong Kong Newspaper Clippings Online Category Politics of Hong Kong Category Political parties in Hong Kong HongKong party stub zh ... more details
The Ulster ReformClub is a gentleman s club at No. 4, Royal Avenue , Belfast , Northern Ireland . It first opened in January 1885. The club was original built by Ulster members of the Liberal Party UK Liberal Party , to celebrate William Gladstone s victory in the 1880 UK general election . However, by 1886, its leadership was dominated by supporters of the Liberal Unionist Party , including Fred Crawford, and they formed a political committee to further the cause of the union of Britain and Ireland. ref name harbinson John F. Harbinson, The Ulster Unionist Party, 1882 1973 , pp.69 70 ref Political committee From 1905, the Ulster Liberal Unionist Association was represented on the Ulster Unionist Council , but given that the Association was headquartered at the ReformClub, and the Liberal Unionists soon became an irrelevance in Northern Ireland, in 1929, their representation was transferred to the political committee of the Ulster ReformClub. ref name harbinson The committee included members such as Lord Pirrie , Thomas Somerset and W. J. Stewart and, in later years, David Graham Shillington , Maynard Sinclair , Herbert Kirk , William McCleery , Brian Faulkner and J. L. O. Andrews . However, it attracted criticism for being overly secretive, refusing to reveal details of its constitution, membership or purpose even to officials of the Ulster Unionist Party . Facilities The Antrim Room Boardroom Cabin Reading Room Dining Room Bar Notable members Thomas Andrews Lancelot Curran Edward Carson Brian Faulkner Lord Faulkner Bill Henderson UK politician Capt. OWJ Henderson References references cite book last Hickey first D. J. coauthors Doherty, J. E. title A dictionary of Irish history since 1800 publisher Gill and Macmillan date 1980 pages 577 External links http www.ulsterreformclub.com home.asp The Ulster ReformClub DEFAULTSORT Ulster ReformClub Category 1885 establishments in Ireland ... more details
File Former ReformClub, Spring Gardens, Manchester 4.JPG thumb right 350px former ReformClub, Spring Gardens The ReformClub in Spring Gardens, Manchester , England, is a former gentlemen s club of the Victorian era . Constructed in 1870 1871 in the Venetian Gothic architecture Venetian Gothic style by Edward Salomons , ref name Hartwell 167 8 Hartwell 2001, p 167 8 ref the club is his best city centre building ref name Hartwell 167 8 Hartwell et al. 2004, p 167 8 ref and is a Listed building Grade II listed building as of 3 October 1974. ref name BB http britishlistedbuildings.co.uk en 388246 manchester club 50 manchester ref The contract for construction was awarded to Mr Nield, builder, Manchester for 20,000 . ref http archiseek.com 2009 1870 manchester reformclub lancashire ref Built as a club house for Manchester s Liberal Party UK Liberal Party elite, the building was opened by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone on October 17 1871. ref name Manchesteronline http www.manchesteronline.co.uk mancunian expats s 87 87886 what would mr gladstone say.html ref The building is constructed of sandstone ashlar with polychrome dressings and hipped slate roofs ref name BB and is three storey with elaborate corner turrets and oriel windows and balconies. The main entrance is richly adorned with carving including winged beasts . ref name Hartwell 167 8 The interior contains a fine staircase, a two storey grand dining room and an enormous billiard room, running the whole length of the building, in the roof . ref name Hartwell 167 8 The hall and staircase have linenfold panelling. ref name BB Declining membership in the late 20th century led the club to merge with the Engineers Club in 1967 to form the Manchester Club, but this failed to prove financially viable and was wound up in 1988. Records of the club are stored at the John Rylands Library on Deansgate . The building is now a restaurant and bar. Notes reflist References ... more details
other uses Original research date April 2009 Reform means to put or change into an improved form or condition to amend or improve by change of color or removal of faults or abuses, beneficial change, more specifically, reversion to a pure original state, to repair, restore or to correct. Reform is generally distinguished from revolution . The latter means basic or radical change whereas reform may be no more than fine tuning, or at most redressing serious wrongs without altering the fundamentals of the system. Reform seeks to improve the system as it stands, never to overthrow it wholesale. Radicals on the other hand, seek to improve the system, but try to overthrow whether it be the government or a group of people themselves. Rotation in office or term limits would, by contrast, be more revolutionary, in altering basic political connections between incumbents and constituents. ref On term limits reform see, http www.ustl.org index.html U.S. Term Limits . On more radical revolutionary changes, including term limits, see, for example, Robert Struble, Jr., http www.tell usa.org Treatise on Twelve Lights To Restore America the Beautiful under God and the Written Constitution, 2007 08 edition. ref Developing countries may carry out a wide range of reforms to improve their living standards, often with support from international financial institutions and aid agencies . This can include reforms to macroeconomic policy , the civil service reform in developing countries civil service ... , or a band music band that gets back together, the proper term is re form with a hyphen , not reform . See also Microeconomic reform Monetary reform Wall Street reform References Reflist External links wikiquote wiktionary Category Reform az slahat bg da Reform de Reform fa hr Reforma kk lt Reforma ja no Reform nn Reform pl Reforma ru simple Reform sk Reforma sv Reform tr nk lap uk ... more details
wiktionary reformReform is beneficial change. Reform ing may also refer to Reformed theology , the theological tradition of Calvinism Reform, Alabama , an American town Reform, Mississippi Reform Anglican , an evangelical organisation within Anglicanism Reform Judaism , a denomination of Judaism Reform magazine Reform magazine , journal of the United Reformed Church, British denomination Reform think tank , a British centre right think tank Reform album Reform album , a 2011 album by Jane Zhang Reform music , a Swedish music group Non reformist Reform , a labour movement aimed at transformation rather than reformation Reforming Movement , a French centrist political group created in 1972 Wesleyan Reform Union , an independent group of Methodists in the United Kingdom Catalytic reforming , a chemical process in oil refining Steam reforming , catalytic oxidation to produce hydrogen from hydrocarbons The Reform or La Reforma , the period in mid 19th century Mexico when the modern nation state was born Islamic Reform or Tajdid , the revival of an Islamic society Reform Movement Ireland , a Unionist organisation based in Ireland See also Reform Act Reform Movement disambiguation Reform Party disambiguation The Reform Institute Reformation Reformer disambiguation lookfrom Reform disambiguation da Reform flertydig es Reforma it Riforma nl Reform pt Reforma sw Urekebisho ... more details
The Reform Party can refer to a number of current and disbanded political parties of various ideologies. North America Canada Reform Party of Alberta Reform Party of Ontario Reform Party of British Columbia Reform Party of Canada , a political party in Canada from 1987 until 2000 when it became the Canadian Alliance Pre Confederation Reform Party pre Confederation Reform Party , Canadian political movement agitating for responsible government Manitoba Reform Party defunct United States Reform Party of the United States of America , founded in 1995 by Ross Perot American Reform Party , factional offshoot from the Reform Party of the United States, which only endorsed other party candidates Toleration Party American Toleration and Reform Party , founded in Connecticut in the 1810s Reform Party of the Hawaiian Kingdom Europe Reform Party Northern Cyprus Estonian Reform Party Reform Party Greece defunct Gibraltar Reform Party Norwegian Reform Party defunct Patriotic Party defunct of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, active in the late 18th century Reform Party Hungary defunct , active in the 19th century Reform Party Iceland 2008 Party of Reform Moldova , now called Liberal Party Reform Party United Kingdom defunct , active in the 19th century Reform Party Norway Reform Party Norway, 1974 defunct , active in 1974 1975 Zatlers Reform Party Zatlers Reform Party Latvia 2011 Africa Reform Party Ghana Reform Party Rhodesia Reform Party South Africa Reform Party Zambia Asia and Oceania New Zealand Reform Party defunct Reform Party Palestine Reform Party Singapore Shinui , which means reform in Hebrew, an Israeli party. disambig Category Political party disambiguation pages ko it Partito della Riforma lv Reformu partija ja ru sv Reformpartiet ... more details
A number of political movements and organizations have used the term National Reform or National Reformation as part of their name. They include National Reform Association 19th century, UK , a nineteenth century British radical movement National Reform Association 19th century, U.S. , a nineteenth century American movement to amend the U.S. Constitution to include Christian language National Reform Association Jamaica National Reform Movement Antigua and Barbuda Movement for National Reform , a moderate Islamist political party in Algeria. National Reform Party Belize National Reform Party Ghana National Reform Party Saint Vincent National Reform Party United States , an adjunct of the National Labor Union , established in 1868 National Reform Party of the Hawaiian Kingdom National Reformation Party , a political party in Liberia National Reform Trend , a political party in Iraq disambig ... more details
Liberal ReformClub in Pall Mall, London Pall Mall and Gladstone s house in Piccadilly and jeered loudly outside the Conservative Party UK Conservative Carlton Club . A second meeting on 2 July 1866 ...The Reform League was established in 1865 to press for manhood suffrage and the ballot in Great Britain. It collaborated with the more moderate and middle class Reform Union and gave strong support to the abortive Reform Bill 1866 and the successful Reform Act 1867 . It developed into a formidable force ... a new organisation which would concentrate solely on manhood suffrage . As a result the Reform League ... Classes became defunct. The Reform League s founders were mostly the same men who had been known as the Propagandists and had been led by John Bedford Leno . Leno was elected a member of the Reform ... announcements of the Reform League s Executive Committee. This helped recruit supporters. New branches ... time. This gave great encouragement to the Reform League. Reform Bill 1866 Support quickly grew for the League ... introduced a Reform Bill 1866 Reform Bill in March 1866. It was criticised on all quarters some ... . A succession of Tory Ministers further frustrated the working classes and the Reform League ... the Reform Union in the shade. Trafalgar Square demonstration of 1866 Disappointed with the failure of the Bill, the Reform League, organised a demonstration in Trafalgar Square on 29 June 1866. Its size and violence surprised everyone. Speeches were made which refused support for any future Reform ... , Spencer Horatio Walpole declared it to be illegal, and issued a Police Notice, but the Reform League thought otherwise and were determined it should go ahead. The procession started off from the Reform League s headquarters, at 8 Adelphi, London Adelphi Terrace , headed by a cab containing the Reform ... another meeting the next evening in Trafalgar Square . John Bedford Leno and the leaders of the Reform .... The Hyde Park Railings Affair was widely reported and made the Reform League s leaders household names ... more details
unreferenced date May 2009 In the United Kingdom , Reform Act is a generic term used for legislation concerning electoral matters. It is most commonly used for laws passed to enfranchise new groups of voters and to redistribute seats in the British House of Commons . The periodic redrawing of constituency boundaries is now dealt with by a permanent Boundary Commissions United Kingdom Boundary Commission in each part of the United Kingdom, rather than by a Reform Act . Some people in Britain, mostly associated with the Liberal Democrats , have called for a new Great Reform Act to introduce electoral changes they favour. These would include lowering the minimum voting age to 16 and introducing proportional representation . Reform Act may refer to Reform Act 1832 England and Wales , which gave representation to previously underrepresented urban areas and extended the qualifications for voting Scottish Reform Act 1832 , a similar reform applying to Scotland Irish Reform Act 1832 , a similar reform applying to Ireland Reform Act 1867 , which widened the franchise and adjusted representation to be more equitable Ballot Act 1872 sometimes called the Reform Act of 1872 , which introduced the secret ballot Image VotingbyGender.PNG right 300px Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act 1883 sometimes called the Reform Act of 1883 , which introduced campaign spending limits Reform Act 1884 , which allowed people in counties to vote on the same basis as those in towns. Home ownership was the only qualification Reform Act 1885 , which split most multi member constituencies into multiple single member ones Representation of the People Act 1918 Reform Act 1918 , which abolished property qualifications for men and introduced limited female suffrage Reform Act 1928 , which widened suffrage by giving women electoral equality with men Category British laws Category History of the United Kingdom Category Politics of the United Kingdom Category United Kingdom constitution es Reform Act ... more details
Portal Anglicanism Reform is an Evangelical organisation within Anglicanism , active in the Church of England and the Church of Ireland . Reform in England describes itself as a network of churches and individuals within the Church of England, committed to the reform of ourselves, our congregation and our world by the gospel . Citation needed date June 2011 Several large Anglican churches in England are members of Reform, such as Jesmond Parish Church in Newcastle upon Tyne , St Ebbe s, Oxford and St Helen s Bishopsgate located in the City of London . Reform was started in 1993 to oppose the ordination of women to the priesthood like Forward in Faith in the Anglo Catholic tradition but has recently focused on advocating a conservative Anglican views of homosexuality view of homosexuality . Reform is keen to recognise the unique value of women s ministry within the church. ref http www.reform.org.uk pages covenant covenant.php Reform Bot generated title ref Some Reform members support ordination of women to the priesthood, but not their appointment in charge of a parish or similar. Reform members are also divided over the issue of the remarriage of divorced persons and the issue is left out of the definition of marriage found in the Reform Covenant. see Reform Covenant, posted on the Reform website Reform stand firmly in the more Reformed churches Reformed tradition of the Church of England, but whilst they disapprove of the interpretation placed upon Anglicanism by Forward in Faith e.g. views about the Eucharist , the meaning of ordination , prayers for the dead and to the saint s they pledged at their 2006 Conference their co operation with that Anglo Catholic grouping to oppose the acceptance of women bishops within the Church of England. References references External links http www.reform.org.uk Reform website http www.reform ireland.org Reform Ireland Churches linked to Reform St Helen s Bishopsgate , London http www.dundonald.org ddc Dundonald Church, Wimbledon ... more details
Judicial reform is the complete or partial political reform of a country s judiciary . Judicial reform is often done as a part of wider reform of the countrys political system or a legal reform. President ... on Legal Reform in Russia first published in Russian magazine Legislation and Economics , N. 2, 2004 explained correlation between legal and judicial reform Complete legal reform should normally include not only judicial reform, but also reform of various aspects of the structural system and content ... consciousness of the whole legal community.Judicial reform usually aims to improve such things as law courts, procuracies, advocacy bar , inquest, executory processes, and record keeping... Legal reform can be the driver for all other reforms, including reform of the economy. A true market economy cannot ... processes, on the other hand. Legal reform should be an integral part of any on going reform process. Legal reform is a tool for implementing necessary reforms, to balance competing interests ... and directions of development of judicial reform were formulated in the Judicial Reform Concept ... undertaking a large scale legal reform it would be extremely difficult to succeed concurrently with judicial reform. It is necessary now to start unfolding a full scale legal reform, which has to be completed by the year 2020. The official public presentation and implementation of such legal reform ... reform needs to be adopted in the form of a legislative act .. ref Peter Barenboim, Natalya Merkulova ... Economics The Russian Model and Legal Reform in Russia, in The World Rule of Law Movement and Russian Legal Reform , edited by Francis Neate and Holly Nielsen, Justitsinform, Moscow 2007 . ref Areas of the judicial reform often include codification of law instead of common law , moving froma an inquisitorial ... or enhancing independence of prosecution . Examples Judicial reform of Alexander II Romanian judicial reform See also Constitutionalism Constitutional economics Judiciary Independence of the judiciary ... more details
Reform , also referred to as Reform Magazine , is an editorially independent monthly subscription magazine published by the United Reformed Church . Reform magazine explores theology, ethics, personal spirituality and Christian perspectives on social and current affairs and it features writing from journalists, academics, politicians, campaigners, scientists and religious leaders. As well as high profile interviews, in depth features and book, music and film reviews, Reform carries regular light hearted and anecdotal columns, puzzles, poetry and letters. Reform s interviewees include Bafta award winning broadcaster Robert Beckford , interfaith justice campaigner Anjum Anwar MBE, novelist Marilynne Robinson , evangelist Gerard Kelly MP Ann Widdecombe , scientist Andrew Parker zoologist Andrew Parker , journalist author Theo Hobson , US mega church pastor Rob Bell , broadcasters John Humphrys and Jeremy Vine , and theologians John Polkinghorne and Esther Mombo . Reform is edited by Kay Parris. External links http www.reform magazine.co.uk Reform magazine official website Category Christian magazines Category United Reformed Church Christian mag stub ... more details
Globalize date December 2010 Law reform or Legal reform is the process of examining existing law s, and advocating ... or efficiency. Intimately related are law reform bodies or Law Commission law commissions , which are organizations set up to facilitate law reform. Law reform bodies carry out research and recommend ways to simplify and modernize the law. Many law reform bodies are statutory corporation s set up by governments ... independence to accurately reflect and report on how the law should progress. Law reform activities ... or legal writing writing that helps to establish an empirical basis for other law reform activities ... change existing law and Codification . Correlation with judicial reform Judicial reform is the complete or partial political reform of a country s judiciary. Judicial reform is often done as a part of wider reform of the country s political system or a legal reform. The President of the Constitutional ... Reform in Russia , first published in Russian magazine Legislation and Economics , N. 2, 2004 an explained correlation between legal and judicial reform Complete legal reform should normally include not only judicial reform, but also reform of various aspects of the structural system and content ... of the whole legal community. Judicial reform usually aims to improve such things as law courts ... content docs worldruleoflaw.pdf The World Rule of Law Movement and Russian Legal Reform ... Legal reform can be the driver for all other reforms, including reform of the economy. A true market ... control over economic processes, on the other hand. Legal reform should be an integral part of any on going reform process. Legal reform is a tool for implementing necessary reforms, to balance competing ... Russia, aspects and directions of development of judicial reform were formulated in the Judicial Reform Concept , enacted by the Duma Russian Parliament on October 24, 1991. This document still ... in Russia, one may assert that without undertaking a large scale legal reform it would be extremely ... more details
Template Jews and Judaism sidebar File ReformJewishService.jpg 230px thumb right A Reform synagogue with mixed seating and equal participation of men and women. Reform Judaism is a phrase that refers to various beliefs, practices and organizations associated with Reform movement in Judaism the Reform Jewish movement in Reform Judaism North America North America , Reform Judaism United Kingdom the United Kingdom and elsewhere. ref Meyer, Michael. Response to Modernity A History of the Reform Movement in Judaism New York, USA Oxford University Press, 1988 , viii. Reform Judaism refers to a particular ... specific about where he uses the phrase Reform Judaism it is used only in connection with the U.S. Reform pp.227 334, 353 384 and UK Reform p. 347 denominations. ref In general, Reform Judaism ... in the surrounding culture . Many branches of Reform Judaism hold that halakha Jewish law should be interpreted ... Reform Judaism ref ref http reformjudaism.org whatisrj.shtml What is Reform Judaism? ref Similar movements that are also occasionally called Reform include the Progressive Judaism Israel Israeli Progressive Movement and Progressive Judaism its worldwide counterpart . Reform Judaism in North America Main Reform Judaism North America Reform Judaism North America Reform Judaism is one of the two ... wnet religionandethics week238 cover.html Reform Judaism , Public Broadcasting Service , May 1999 ...&pagename JPost JPArticle ShowFull Reform rabbis offended by Katsav , Jerusalem Post , June 2006 ... with Progressive Judaism worldwide. Official bodies of the Reform Movement in North America include the Union for Reform Judaism , the Central Conference of American Rabbis , and Hebrew Union College Jewish Institute of Religion . Reform Judaism in Britain Main Reform Judaism United Kingdom Reform Judaism United Kingdom UK Reform and Liberal Judaism are the two Progressive Judaism Progressive movements ... as Reform . Reform movement in Judaism Main Reform movement in Judaism Along with other forms of non ... more details
Reform Zionism , also known as Progressive Zionism is the ideology of the Zionist arm of the Reform Judaism Reform or Progressive Judaism Progressive branch of Judaism . The Association of Reform Zionists of America ARZA is the American Reform movement s Zionist organization. Their mission endeavors to make Israel fundamental to the sacred lives and Jewish identity of Reform Jews. As a Zionist organization ... Jewish state. ARZA was founded in 1978 as an affiliate of the Union for Reform Judaism at that time ..., Reform Zionism is associated with the Israel Movement for Progressive Judaism . Traditionally, Progressive Reform Jews rejected Zionism since Jewish nationalism seemed to conflict with the universalistic ideology of the early Reform movement. However, with the establishment of the State of Israel , many Progressive Reform Jews saw a need for a Jewish national home in the Biblical Land of Israel. In 1978, ARZA began working to conceptualize a Zionism that took the universalistic ideals of Reform ... shifted thinking regarding the acceptability of Zionism within the Reform Movement through ... Articles index.cfm?id 42&pge id 1606 Reform Judaism and Zionism A Centenary Platform ref The Miami ... of Tikkun Olam healing the world , Reform Zionism sees the role of the State of Israel as the means ... example of ideal prophetic principles of justice and peace. For the Reform Zionist, this means that by working .... Due to this, the Reform Zionist movement is heavily involved in social activism in Israel. As a religious, rather than political, ideology, Reform Zionism and its organizations do not see themselves ... The Reform Zionist movement has an international youth wing, represented by its youth movement, Netzer ... There are two Reform Zionist Kibbutzim in Israel, Yahel kibbutz Kibbutz Yahel and Lotan kibbutz Kibbutz Lotan in the Arabah Arava . There is a Reform Zionist agricultural community in the north ... of Reform Zionists of America http www.arzacanada.org Association of Reform Zionists of Canada ... more details
Regulatory Reform concerns improvements to the quality of government regulation . At the international level, the OECD Regulatory Reform Programme is aimed at helping governments improve regulatory quality that is, reforming regulations that raise unnecessary obstacles to competition, innovation and growth, while ensuring that regulations efficiently serve important social objectives. http www.oecd.org topic 0,2686,en 2649 37421 1 1 1 1 37421,00.html References http www.oecd.org topic 0,2686,en 2649 37421 1 1 1 1 37421,00.html OECD Regulatory Reform Programme Category Administrative law ... more details
Thought reform can refer to Brainwashing , efforts aimed at instilling certain beliefs in people against their will. Coercive persuasion comprises social influences capable of producing substantial behavior and attitude change through the use of coercive tactics and persuasion , via interpersonal and group based influences. Mind control Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism disambig ... more details
globalize date December 2010 Taxation Tax reform is the process of changing the way taxes are collected or managed by the government . Tax reformers have different goals. Some seek to reduce the level ... more understandable, or more accountable. Numerous organizations have been set up to reform tax systems worldwide, often with the intent to reform income taxes or Value Added Tax value added taxes ... thumb 300px Revenue Reform Train Stopped by Vested Interests, Local Issues, Trusts, and other poles &mdash Political cartoon from 1880&ndash 1900 commenting on tax reform. There have been many movements in the United States to reform the collection and management of taxes. During the late 19th century American economist, Henry George , started a global movement for tax reform whose aim ... reform in the United States continue under the aegis of organizations such as The Henry George Foundation ... Tax Reform recommended the removal of the Alternative Minimum Tax . Several organizations are working for tax reform in the United States including Americans for Tax Reform , Americans For Fair ... States, including the FairTax and various flat tax plans and bipartisan tax reform proposals ... Toward Bipartisan Tax Reform , Washington Monthly ref In 2010, Fareed Zakaria proposed what he described as a grand bargain with tax reform for economic adversaries Paul Krugman and Niall Ferguson an attempt ... income tax. He has introduced bills calling for similar tax reform since 2004, but the bills ... Americans For Fair Taxation Americans for Tax Reform Land Value Tax FairTax Flat tax Freedomworks ... www.fairtax.org Americans For Fair Taxation http www.atr.org Americans for Tax Reform http www.tax.org.uk ... Low Incomes Tax Reform Group U.K. http www.ntu.org National Taxpayers Union http www.taxfoundation.org Tax Foundation http www.taxreform.com.au Tax Reform Australia Australia DEFAULTSORT Tax Reform Category Macroeconomics Category Tax reform Category Tax reform in the United States Tax ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 The Western Reform Party was a right wing populist political party in British Columbia , Canada . It nominated one candidate, Lisa Maskell, in Prince George North riding in the British Columbia provincial election, 2001 2001 provincial election . The party was formed at the time of a split in the Reform Party of British Columbia BC Reform Party between party members who wanted to merge the party into the British Columbia Unity Party Unity Party , and those who wanted to continue under the BC Reform name. Maskell and her supporters wanted to sit the fight out, establishing the Western Reform Party as a temporary measure until the schism was healed. Haskell won 621 votes or 4.1 of the total for the riding. See also List of political parties in Canada British Columbia List of British Columbia political parties Category Provincial political parties in British Columbia Category Conservative parties in Canada Category Defunct political parties in Canada Canada poli stub BritishColumbia stub ... more details
Wallach reform lang lt Valak reforma was a land reform in parts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Lithuania propria , Eldership of Samogitia and partially in White Ruthenia lands . Main goal of the reform was to increase revenue to the state treasury, and to distribute feodal services to the peasants. Grand Duchess Bona Sforza was the first to implement the reform in her possessions. ref http www.lithill.lt vic italy article0.asp Audron Kasperavi ien , Italy Lithuania Interaction of Cultures ref History Wallach reform started 1547 in the Grand Duke s lands, it was made a law in 1557 and the reform lasted until the 1580s. During the reform all land belonging to folwark s and villages was measured up, some villages were moved. The land of peasants was divided into three fields, and every peasant got one strip of land in every one of them. Three of them comprised one wallach about 21.38 Hectare ha. . The three different lands were used for crop rotation. Wallach reform increased effectiveness of agriculture and fully established serfdom in Lithuania . Peasants services to the landowner was established from the wallach peasant owning one wallach had to perform corv e 2 days in a week, pay 4 to 24 grosz feudal land rent, and pay tribute by oath and hay. In 17th century corvee increased to 6 days a week. References reflist Further reading cite journal title Lietuva Vidurio ir Ryt Europoje XVI XVIII am iuje feodalin reakcija ar periferinis kapitalizmas? Lithuania in Central and Eastern Europe 16th 18th centuries Feudal Reaction or Peripheral Capitalism journal Lietuvos istorijos studijos Mokslo darbai date 2006 first iemelis last Darius coauthors volume 18 issue pages id language Lithuanian url http www.ceeol.com aspx getdocument.aspx?logid 5&id 7b475e54 be87 4518 b486 17400e5f515b format pdf accessdate 2008 05 18 lithuania hist stub Belarus hist stub Category History of Lithuania 1219 1569 Category History of Lithuania 1569 1795 Category History of Belarus 1569 1795 be ... more details
See also the Reform Act disambiguation page The Reform Bills were a series of proposals to reform voting in the British parliament. These include the Reform Act 1832 Reform Acts of 1832 , Reform Act 1867 1867 , and Representation of the People Act 1884 1884 . Background The three acts extended voting rights to previously disenfranchised citizens. Before 1832, one adult male in ten had the vote. Moreover the franchise varied a great deal. A few boroughs gave the vote to all male householders. But many parliamentary seats were under the control of a small group or sometimes a single rich aristocrat. Reforms had been proposed in the 18th century, both by radicals such as John Wilkes and by more conservative politicians such as William Pitt the Younger . But there was strong opposition to reform ... Corresponding Society 1832 Reform Act The 1832 Reform Act was the most controversial of the electoral reform acts passed by the Parliament. The Act reapportioned Parliament of the United Kingdom ... Reform Act which Dickens observed at first hand as a shorthand Parliamentary reporter made many ... George Eliot is set in the 1830s and mentions the struggle over the Reform Bills, though not as a major ... Reform Act. 1867 Reform Act This extended the right to vote still further down the class ladder, adding ... campaigned from 1838 for a wider reform. The movement petered out in the 1850s, but achieved most ... in Representation of the People Act 1969 1969 . See also Rotten borough s Reform Act 1832 Reform Act ... diary historylesson.htm The Electoral Reform Society http www.victorianweb.org history reform.html The Reform Act Crisis on the Victorian Web http www.historyhome.co.uk peel refact refact.htm Text ... www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk PRparliament.htm Parliamentary reform in general DEFAULTSORT Reform Bills Category Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Category Constitutional laws of the United Kingdom Category Electoral reform in the United Kingdom ... more details
Agrarian reform can refer either, narrowly, to government initiated or government backed redistribution of agricultural land see land reform or, broadly, to an overall redirection of the agrarian system of the country, which often includes land reform measures. Agrarian reform can include credit finance credit measures, training, agricultural extension extension , land consolidation s, etc. The World Bank evaluates agrarian reform using five dimensions 1 price and market liberalization, 2 land reform including the development of land markets , 3 agro processing and input supply channels, 4 rural finance, 5 market institutions. ref Csaba Csaki and John Nash, The Agrarian Economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States , World Bank Discussion Paper 387, Washington, DC, 1998. ref Ben Cousins defines the difference between agrarian reform and land reform as follows blockquote Land reform is concerned with rights in land, and their character, strength and distribution, while agrarian reform focuses not only on these but also a broader set of issues the class character of the relations of production and distribution in farming and related enterprises, and how these connect to the wider class structure. It is thus concerned economic and political power and the relations between them ref Ben Cousins, http web.archive.org web 20070315151828 http www.ids.ac.uk ids aboutids Seminarseries2005 cousin.pdf Agrarian reform and the two economies transforming ..., South Africa 2007 . ref PDF http www.ids.ac.uk ids aboutids Seminarseries2005 cousin.pdf Agrarian reform ... Bank report states, blockquote A key precondition for land reform to be feasible and effective ... also Agrarian law Agribusiness Land reform Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus External links http www.democracynow.org ... by Corporate Land Grabs in Poor Countries video report by Democracy Now DEFAULTSORT Agrarian Reform Category Agrarian politics Category Land reform Agri stub bg de Agrarreform et Maareform ... more details
The Reform Institute is a non partisan, not for profit think tank based in Alexandria, VA that describes ... valuable, solutions based reform in vital areas of public policy. ref http www.reforminstitute.org about about.aspx About Us . Reform Institute. Retrieved 0n 2009 04 04. ref The major policy areas ... Default.aspx?cid 5 immigration reform , and http www.reforminstitute.org Default.aspx?cid 2 governance and election reform . It states its vision as to build a more resilient nation that is able .... ref http www.reforminstitute.org about About.aspx Vision Our Vision . Reform Institute. Retrieved ... 2005 03 08 politics 08mccain.html McCain Allies Want Reform and Money, March 8, 2005 ref Background The Reform Institute was launched in 2001 and grew from the movement to challenge campaign finance ... passage of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 also known as McCain Feingold the campaign finance reform legislation that among other things prohibited soft money contributions. The Institute ... reform to eliminate Gerrymandering of electoral districts, ballot access , open primaries , and election ... www.reforminstitute.org DetailPublications.aspx?pid 119&cid 3 Reform and Resilience . Reform Institute ... discussion on resilience courtesy of the reform institute An Informed Discussion on Resilience Courtesy of the Reform Institute . Security DeBrief. March 31, 2008. ref ref http www.reforminstitute.org ... in Congressional testimony ref http www.reforminstitute.org uploads publications Reform Institute supply chain resilience testimony 05 08 .doc Testimony of Robert W. Kelly, Senior Advisor, The Reform ... Nation Enhancing Security and Ensuring a Strong Economy report . Reform Institute. October 2008. ref On immigration the institute has advocated for comprehensive immigration reform reasoning that balancing ... Oct. 12, 2007. ref The institute s political reform work has included endorsing the successful California ... elections, ref http www.votelaw.com blog archives 006006.html West Virginia Reform Institute files ... more details
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