Inappropriate tone date December 2007 Bell UnixResearchUnix is a term used to refer to versions of the Unix ... 32 and 8 32 computers, developed in the Bell Labs Computing Science Research Center frequently referred to as Department 1127 . History The term ResearchUnix first appeared in the Bell System Technical ... modern UNIX systems and the last release of ResearchUnix to see widespread external distributions .... 1989 Last ResearchUnix though the manual itself was published outside of AT&T, there was no distribution ... Unix heritage More links and source code for some ResearchUnix versions http cm.bell labs.com cm ... for ResearchUnix 8th Edition . unix like Category Computing platforms Category Discontinued operating systems Category Unix variants Category Bell Labs Unices ar cs ResearchUnix ja ResearchUnix pt ResearchUnix ru ResearchUnix ... Labs such as PWB UNIX and Multi Environment Real Time MERT whose code base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little used until Version 8 Unix , but has been retcon retroactively ... called simply UNIX in caps or the UNIX Time Sharing System. Because both the early versions and the last few were never officially released outside of Bell Labs, and grew rather organically, ResearchUnix versions are often referred to by the edition of the Unix manual manual that describes them. So, the first ResearchUnix would be the First Edition, and the last the Tenth Edition. Another common way of referring to them is Version x or V x Unix, where x is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix excepting implementations from scratch like Coherent operating system Coherent , Minix , and Linux , usually referred to as Unix like derive from the 7th Edition. Versions class wikitable Manual Edition Release date Description 1st Edition Nov. 3, 1971 First edition of the Unix manual, based on the version that ran on the PDP 11 at the time. Unix was actually 2 years old at the time and had ... more details
Wollongong Unix ported Unix to the Interdata 7 32 . Bell Labs developed several ports for research purposes ... running Unix in some form. Version 7 Unix , the last version of ResearchUnix to be released widely ...Infobox OS name Unix logo screenshot Image Unix history simple.svg 250px caption Evolution of Unix and Unix ... model Historically Closed source software closed source , now some Unix projects Berkeley Software ... Command line interface & Graphical user interface Graphical X Window System family Unix released 1969 license Proprietary software Proprietary working state Active Unix officially trademarked as UNIX , sometimes also written as span style font variant small caps Unix span is a Computer multitasking ... Ken Thompson , Dennis Ritchie , Brian Kernighan , Douglas McIlroy , and Joe Ossanna . The Unix operating ... porting to other hardware. Today s Unix system evolution is split into various branches, developed ..., owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified to use the trademark others might be called Unix system like or Unix ... is a Unix like operating system? Unix.org FAQ ref of this term. However, the term Unix is often used ... 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large scale adoption of Unix particularly of the Berkeley Software Distribution BSD variant, originating from the University ... all variants of Unix, the most widely used are Linux Citation needed date January 2012 , which is used ... or e book readers. Today, in addition to certified Unix systems such as those already mentioned, Unix like operating systems such as MINIX , Linux , Android operating system Android , and BSD descendants ... Unix may be used to describe an operating system that has the characteristics of either Version 7 Unix or UNIX System V . Overview Unix operating systems are widely used in Server computing server s, workstation ... unixs revenge title Unix s Revenge publisher asymco date 2010 09 29 accessdate 2010 11 09 ref The Unix ... more details
notability date September 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 infobox software name As latest release version latest release date platform website as is a generic name for an assembly language Assembler assembler on Unix . The GNU Project s assembler is named GNU assembler Gas . Category Assemblers Category Unix programming tools Unix stub fr As Unix ru As ... more details
lowercase In Unix like computer operating system s, the code at code command is used to schedule command computing command s to be executed once, at a particular system time time in the future. More precisely, it reads a series of commands from standard input and collects them into one at job which is carried out at a later date. The at job inherits the current environment, so that it is executed in the same working directory and with the same environment variable s set as when it was scheduled. It differs from code cron code which is used for recurring executions e.g. once an hour, every Tuesday, January 1 every year . As with code cron code , many Unix systems allow the administrator to restrict access to the code at code command. code at code can be made to mail a user when done carrying out a scheduled job of theirs, can use more than one job queue, and can read a list of jobs to carry out from a file instead of standard input. A sample command to compile a C programming language C program at 11 45 a. m. on January 31st and e mail the results Standard streams STDOUT and STDERR to your user ID would be source lang bash echo cc o foo foo.c at 1145 at 1145 jan 31 at cc o foo foo.c at D press Control D while at the beginning of a line atq 1234 2011 08 12 11 45 cc o foo foo.c user atrm 1234 atq source In some Unix like computer operating system s it uses a Daemon computer software daemon , code atd code , which waits in the background periodically checking the list of jobs to do ... s replacement for at. List of Unix programs External links man cu at SUS execute commands at a later time man 1 at queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution unix commands unix stub Category Standard Unix programs At Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ca At Unix cs At Unix de At Unix el At Unix es At Unix fr At Unix it At Unix hu At Unix ja At UNIX pl At Unix pt At Unix ro At Unix ru At uk At ... more details
Bell Unix Columbus UNIX or CB UNIX was, according to Marc Rochkind , ref cite book last Rochkind first Marc title Advanced UNIX Programming publisher Prentice Hall year 1985 pages 156 157 isbn 0 13 011800 1 ref a variant of the UNIX operating system internal to Bell Labs . It was developed at the Columbus, Ohio Columbus , Ohio branch and was little known outside the company. CB UNIX was developed to address deficiencies inherent in ResearchUnix , notably the lack of interprocess communication and file locking , considered essential for a database management system . Several Bell System operation support system products were based on CB UNIX such as Switching Control Center System . The primary innovations were power fail restart, line disciplines, terminal types, and IPC features similar to System V s messages and shared memory . ref cite newsgroup title UNIX history author Dale Dejager date 1984 01 16 newsgroup net.unix url http groups.google.com group net.unix msg b80689d4b3bff13f?dmode source ref Image CB Unix Manuals.jpg thumb left 200px Volume 1 and Volume 2 of the UNIX Programmers Manual CB Version References reflist Unix like Unix stub DEFAULTSORT Cb Unix Category Bell Labs Unices Category Discontinued operating systems ... more details
Ancient UNIX is a term coined by Santa Cruz Operation , Citation needed date October 2009 to describe early releases of the Unix code base released prior to Unix System III , particularly the ResearchUnix releases prior to and including Version 7 the base for UNIX 32V as well as later developments of AT&T Unix . After the publication of the Lions Commentary on UNIX 6th Edition, with Source Code Lions book , work was undertaken to release the earlier versions of the codebase. SCO first released the code under a limited educational license. Citation needed date October 2009 Later, in January 2002, Caldera International now SCO Group relicensed but has not made available several versions under the four clause BSD license , namely ref cite web url http www.lemis.com grog UNIX title UNIX is free ... February 19, 2009 title Dear Unix enthusiasts, last Broderick first Bill date January 23, 2002 publisher Caldera ref UNIX 32V ResearchUnix early versions only Version 1 Unix Version 2 Unix Version 3 Unix Version 4 Unix Version 5 Unix Version 6 Unix Version 7 Unix So far there has been no widespread use of the code, but it can be used on emulator systems, and Version 5 Unix has been made to run ... www.kernelthread.com publications gbaunix title UNIX on the Game Boy Advance last Singh first Amit date August 2004 accessdate 2009 10 22 ref As an example of how relicensing the old Unix code bases has affected the modern computing community, the BSD vi text editor was based on code from the ed UNIX ... vi has been adapted for modern Unix like operating systems. ref cite web url http ex vi.sourceforge.net title The Traditional Vi ref References reflist External links http www.tuhs.org The Unix Heritage Society , TUHS a website dedicated to the preservation and maintenance of historical UNIX ... unix 1st Unix First Edition Manual Pages Unix like DEFAULTSORT Ancient Unix Systems Category Bell Labs Unices Category Discontinued operating systems Unix stub ja Ancient UNIX ... more details
Original research date August 2008 Infobox OS name Amiga UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. family UNIXUnix System V System V R4 source model primarily closed source latest release version 2.01 latest release date 1992 kernel type Monolithic kernel Monolithic license Proprietary software Proprietary website working state Historic supported platforms Motorola 68030 Commodore International Commodore Amiga, Inc. , in 1990, did a full port of AT&T Unix System V Unix System V Release 4 for the Amiga computer family in addition to the proprietary AmigaOS ... 3000UX , Commodore s Unix was one of the first ports of SVR4 to the 68k architecture. The Amiga ... Unix contained no compatibility layer to allow AmigaOS applications to run under Unix. With few ... to find a niche in the quite competitive Unix workstation market of the early 1990s. The A3000UX ... compared to other Unix workstations at the time, such as the NeXTstation 5,000 for a base system ... www.digibarn.com collections systems sgi indy index.html Unlike typical commercial Unix distributions of the time, Amiga Unix included the source code to the vendor specific enhancements and platform ... license terms as the binary part of the system it was open source but not free software . Amiga Unix ... Window System , and included their source code. Like many other Unix variants with small market shares, Amiga Unix vanished into the mists of computer history when its vendor, Commodore, went out of business. Today, Unix like operating systems such as Minix , NetBSD , and Linux are available for the Amiga platform, but the commercial and AT&T licensed Amiga Unix has not been revived. External links ... The Very Unofficial Commodore Amiga Unix AMIX Wiki Unix like AmigaOS Amiga hardware Category Amiga Category UNIX System V Category Discontinued operating systems unix stub de AMIX es Amiga Unix it Amiga Unix pl Amiga Unix ru Amiga UNIX ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Image Unix history.svg thumb 450px Unix genealogy tree The Unix wars were the struggles between vendor s of the Unix computer operating system in the late 1980s and early 1990s to set the standard for Unix thenceforth. Origins In the mid 1980s, the two common versions of Unix were BSD , from the University of California, Berkeley , and UNIX System V System V , from AT&T . Both were derived from the earlier Version 7 Unix , but had diverged considerably. Further, each vendor s version of Unix was different to some degree. A group of vendors formed the X Open open standard ... s. They chose to base their system on Unix. X Open caught AT&T s attention. To increase the uniformity of Unix, AT&T and leading BSD Unix vendor Sun Microsystems started work in 1987 on a unified system. The feasibility of this had been demonstrated a few years earlier by the US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory s System V environment for BSD Unix. This was eventually released as System V Release 4 SVR4 . While this decision was applauded by customers and the trade press, certain other Unix licensees .... The same year, AT&T and another group of licensees responded by forming UNIX International . Technical ... versions of Unix, with X Open holding the middle ground. The move towards open source code In March ..., effectively marking the end of the most significant era of the Unix wars. In June, AT&T sold its UNIX assets to Novell , and in October Novell transferred the Unix brand to X Open. In 1996, X Open and the new OSF merged to form the Open Group . COSE work such as the Single UNIX Specification , the current standard for branded Unix, is now the responsibility of the Open Group. However, the damage to Unix s market reputation had been done. Since then, occasional bursts of Unix factionalism have broken ... Caldera . The Berkeley Software Distribution emerged as an independent Unix like operating system, with the purging ... based on this combination. Linux derivatives are not compatible enough to qualify for the Unix ... more details
On Unix like computer systems, factor is a utility for Factorization factoring an integer into its prime factors . factor first appeared on Fifth Edition Unix 5th edition ResearchUnix in 1974, as a user maintained utility section 6 of the man page manual . In the Seventh Edition Unix 7th edition in 1979, it was moved into the main commands section of the manual section 1 . From there, the factor utility was copied to all other variants of Unix , including commercial Unixes and BSD . In some variants of Unix, it is classified as a game more than a serious utility, and therefore documented in section 6. A free software version of the factor utility was written for the GNU project by Paul Rubin , in 1986. It is now available on all Linux distributions as part of the GNU Core Utilities . In 2008, GNU factor started to use GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library GNU MP library for arbitrary precision arithmetic, allowing it to factor integers of any length, not limited by the machine s native integer type . References http www.vector.comm.sfu.ca pups PDP 11 Distributions research Dennis v5 v5man.pdf manual page from Fifth Edition Unix section 6 user maintained programs http man.cat v.org unix 6th 6 factor factor manual page from Sixth Edition Unix section 6 user contributed . Category Unix ... more details
Bell Unix The Programmer s Workbench PWB UNIX was an early version of the Unix operating system created in the Bell Labs Computer Science Research Group of AT&T . Prior to 1976 Unix development at AT&T was a project of a small group of researchers in Department 1127 of Bell Labs . As the usefulness of Unix grew, the company decided to develop a version of Unix tailored to support programmer s in production work, not just research. The Programmer s Workbench was started in 1973, ref name Mashey John R. Mashey 2004 . http queue.acm.org detail.cfm?id 1039532 Languages, Levels, Libraries, and Longevity . ACM Queue 2 9 . ref by Evan Ivie and Rudd Canaday to support a computer center for a 1000 employee Bell Labs division, which would be the largest Unix site for several years. PWB UNIX was to provide tools for teams of programmers to manage their source code and collaborate on projects with other team members. While the PWB group managed their source code on Unix systems, programs were often written to run on other legacy operating systems. For this reason, PWB included software for Batch processing submitting jobs to IBM System 370 , UNIVAC 1100 series, and Scientific Data Systems XDS SDS Sigma 5 Sigma 5 computers. In 1978 PWB supported a user community of about 1100 users in the Business Information Systems Programs BISP group of Bell Labs. Two major releases of Programmer s Workbench were produced. PWB UNIX 1.0, released July 1, 1977 was based on Version 6 Unix PWB 2.0 was based on Version 7 Unix . Most of PWB UNIX was later incorporated in the commercial UNIX System III and UNIX System V releases. Features Notable firsts in PWB include The Source Code Control System , the first revision control system, written by Marc J. Rochkind The remote job entry batch submission system ... labs.com cm cs who dmr unixad.html Unix ad mentioning PWB , from a 1981 issue of Datamation on Dennis ... the Ancient UNIX Archive Unix like Category Unix fr PWB UNIX ja PWB UNIX ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Lowercase code write code can refer to several Unix commands. All known variations of code write code are used to write messages to another user. The most popular variation sends a message directly to another user s Tty Unix TTY . Usage The syntax for the code write code command is source lang bash write user tty message source The write session is terminated by sending End of file EOF , which can be done by pressing Ctrl D. The tty argument is only necessary when a user is logged into more than one terminal. Example A conversation initiated between two users on the same machine source lang bash 11 19 AM write root pts 7 test source Will show up to the user on that console as source lang bash Message from root punch on pts 8 at 11 19 ... test source History A version of the write command appeared in the First Edition of the ResearchUnix operating system. Another variation of code write code writes a message to a user on a Microsoft Windows Windows network, using the Server Message Block SMB packet format Citation needed reason I could not find any way to do so by searching, but then again, Write SMB produces irrelevant results. date January 2010 . Programmer s Workbench UNIX contained a program Wall Unix tt wall tt that wrote a message to all users in the same way. The code Orville write code implementation of code write code dates from ca 1985. ref cite web url http www.unixpapa.com write.html title Orville Write Homepage first Wolter last Jan date 2004 09 28 accessdate 2012 04 17 quote Orville write is a reimplementation of the Unix write program adds many nice features while remaining close to the standard Unix program in spirit. It has ... See also List of Unix programs Talk Unix talk command Footnotes reflist Unix commands Category Unix user management and support related utilities Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities el Write Unix es Write Unix hu Write Unix pl Write Unix pt Write Unix ru Write ... more details
Unix International consortium had disbanded, the Open Software Foundation ceased funding of research ...Infobox OS name Tru64 UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , Hewlett ... DEC Alpha ui Command line interface family Unix released release date and age 1992 1 latest release ... Proprietary website http h30097.www3.hp.com Tru64 UNIX Software Tru64 UNIX is a 64 bit UNIX operating ... HP . Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq , and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , where it was known as Digital UNIX formerly DEC OSF 1 AXP . As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF 1 operating system. DEC s previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD . It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University . Other UNIX implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are NeXTSTEP , MkLinux , and Mac OS X . Tru64 UNIX requires the System Reference ... UNIX key chain. The other side says, CALIFORNIA Y W8 4 HP The Migration State In 1988, during the so called Unix wars , DEC joined with IBM , Hewlett Packard , and others to form the Open Software Foundation OSF to develop a version of Unix. Dubbed OSF 1, the aim was to compete with UNIX System ... H. title A Quarter Century of UNIX publisher Addison Wesley Pub. Co location Reading, Mass year ... 2008 , and with traditional UNIX implementations at the time providing poor real time support at best ... Unix compatibility. OSF 1 was envisaged to be the third major branch of the Unix family tree ... operating system and the native UNIX implementation for the Alpha architecture. From OSF 1 AXP V2.0 onwards, UNIX System V compatibility was also integrated into the system. Other vendors HP also released ... version of Unix accessdate 2008 03 28 date 1992 04 01 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060224133234 ... 24 ref OSF 1 was also ported by Kendall Square Research to their proprietary processor architecture ... more details
On Unix like computer systems, seq is a utility for generating a sequence of numbers. Seq first appeared on Eighth Edition Unix 8th edition ResearchUnix in 1985, and was not adopted by other variants of Unix such as commercial Unixes or BSD . Nevertheless, it was later adopted in Plan 9 from Bell Labs , and from there was copied into modern BSD decendents like FreeBSD . Another version of seq was written in 1994 by Ulrich Drepper , for GNU , and is now available on all Linux distributions as part of the GNU Core Utilities . In its most basic use case, seq N prints out all the numbers from 1 to N in sequence. This was convenient as the Unix shell at the time, the Bourne shell had no primitives for iterating over numbers, and its for command could only iterate over a list of words. Seq was therefore used to generate such a list, as in this example syntaxhighlight lang bash Remove file1 through file17 for n in seq 17 do rm file n done syntaxhighlight seq had additional options for controlling the start not just end of the numeric sequence, its increment a floating point number , and the formatting of the number. GNU seq changed the name and meaning of the format option from p to f and added an option to control the separator between the numbers s, defaults to a newline . With other alternatives available e.g., expr , and with more recent shells adding builtin numeric iteration, seq is a rarely used tool today. In the modern Linux shell, Bash Unix shell bash , the above example can be more clearly be rewritten as syntaxhighlight lang bash for n in 1..17 do rm file n done syntaxhighlight and more efficiently, without actually generating the whole sequence in advance, as syntaxhighlight lang bash for n 1 n 17 n do rm file n done syntaxhighlight References http man.cat v.org unix 8th 1 seq seq manual page from Eighth Edition Unix. http www.freebsd.org cgi man.cgi?query seq&manpath FreeBSD 9.0 RELEASE seq manual page from FreeBSD. Uncategorized date April 2012 ... more details
lowercase fg is a job control Unix job control command in Unix and Unix like operating systems that resumes execution of a suspended Process computing process by bringing it to the foreground and thus redirecting its standard input and standard output output streams to the user s computer terminal terminal . ref name man http www.computerhope.com unix ufg.htm fg man page ref fg is required to be included in an operating system in order for it to be POSIX compliant. ref name POSIX commands http manuals.fujitsu siemens.com servers bs2 man man us posix v6 0 posix k.pdf POSIX BS2000 OSD Commands User Guide ref See also bg Unix bg , the complementary command that sends a process to the background SIGCONT References Reflist External links man cu fg SUS run jobs in the foreground Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Unix stub ca Fg Unix el Fg Unix fr Fg Unix pl Fg Unix zh Fg Unix ... more details
lowercase Image Pg Unix screenshot.png thumbnail Example output of the tt pg tt command in xterm . pg is a terminal pager program on Unix and Unix like systems for viewing text file s. It can also be used to page through the output of a command via a pipe Unix pipe . pg uses an interface similar to vi , but commands are different. ref http www.computerhope.com unix upg.htm Linux Unix pg command ref more command more , and less Unix less are more commonly used paging programs. See also less Unix less more command more References reflist Unix commands unix stub Category Terminal pagers ... more details
lowercase In computer software , tt id tt is a program in Unix like operating system s that prints the User identifier Unix user or Group identifier Unix group identifier of the account by which the program is executed an example of the command tt id tt as executed by user tt alice tt source lang bash alice darkstar id uid 1016 alice gid 100 users groups 100 users source The superuser root account has a UID of 0 source lang bash root darkstar id uid 0 root gid 0 root groups 0 root source The tt whoami tt utility has been obsoleted by the tt id tt utility and displays a user s ID as a name source lang bash alice darkstar whoami alice alice darkstar id un Where u refers to user and n refers to name alice source See also List of Unix programs User identifier Unix UID Group identifier Unix GID tt Who Unix who tt tt uname tt References man cu id SUS return user identity Unix commands Category Unix user management and support related utilities Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs Id Unix el Id Unix fr Id Unix hu Id Unix ja Id UNIX pl Id Unix pt Id Unix ru Id uk Id ... more details
lowercase Unreferenced date March 2007 The tt install tt command is a standard Unix program used to copy Computer file files and set file permissions . Category Standard Unix programs Unix stub ... more details
lowercase bg is a job control Unix job control command in Unix and Unix like operating systems that resumes execution of a suspended Process computing process without bringing it to the foreground ref name bg man page http pwet.fr man linux commandes posix bg bg man page ref the resumed process continues to execute in the background without receiving user input from the Computer terminal terminal . bg is required to be included in an operating system in order for it to be POSIX compliant. ref name POSIX commands http manuals.fujitsu siemens.com servers bs2 man man us posix v6 0 posix k.pdf POSIX BS2000 OSD Commands User Guide ref See also fg Unix fg , the complementary command that brings a process to the foreground References Reflist Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities unix stub ca Bg Unix el Bg Unix fr Bg Unix zh Bg Unix ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Lowercase The command w on many Unix like operating system s provides a quick summary of every user logged into a computer, what that user is currently doing, and what Load computing load all the activity is imposing on the computer itself. The command is a one command combination of several other Unix programs tt Who Unix who tt , tt uptime tt , and tt Ps Unix ps a tt . Sample output this may vary between systems source lang text w 11 12am up 608 day s , 19 56, 6 users, load average 0.36, 0.36, 0.37 User tty login idle what smithj pts 5 8 52am w jonesm pts 23 20Apr06 28 bash harry pts 18 9 01am 9 pine peterb pts 19 21Apr06 emacs nw html index.html janetmcq pts 8 10 12am 3days csh singh pts 12 16Apr06 5 29 usr bin perl w perl test program.pl source External links man 1 w Unix commands Category Unix user management and support related utilities Unix stub cs W Unix el W Unix es W Unix ko W hu W Unix ja W UNIX pl W Unix pt W Unix ru W UNIX zh W Unix ... more details
saved book title Unix subtitle cover image Poundexclam.svg cover color Black Unix Introduction UnixUnix wars Historically significant corporations AT&T Bell Labs Hewlett Packard IBM Novell SCO Group Sun Microsystems Unix standards and organizations The Open Group X Open POSIX Single UNIX Specification Unix operating systems Berkeley Software Distribution 1977 Berkeley Software Distribution Version 7 Unix 1979 Version 7 Unix SunOS 1982 SunOS UNIX System V 1983 UNIX System V HP UX 1984 HP UX IBM AIX 1986 AIX IRIX 1988 IRIX SCO OpenServer 1989 SCO OpenServer Solaris operating system 1992 Solaris Tru64 UNIX 1992 Tru64 UNIX UnixWare 1992 UnixWare OS X 2001 Mac OS X Unix like operating environments Unix like Cygwin DragonFly BSD FreeBSD GNU Interix Linux NetBSD NeXTSTEP OpenBSD OpenSolaris Plan 9 from Bell Labs Legal battles and controversies SCO Linux controversies SCO v. IBM SCO v. Novell SCO and SGI Red Hat v. SCO USL v. BSDi Category Wikipedia books on computing ... more details
A port of Version 6 Unix to the Interdata 7 32 was completed by Richard Miller and Ross Nealon at Wollongong University , Australia , during 1976 1977. This project was supervised by professor Juris Reinfelds . The resulting system was called Wollongong Interdata UNIX, Level 6 . This distribution also included utilities developed at Wollongong, and later releases had features of V7, notably its C programming language C compiler . Wollongong Unix was the first ever port to a platform other than the PDP series of computers, proving that portable operating systems were indeed feasible, and that C was the language in which to write them. In 1980, this version was licensed to The Wollongong Group in Palo Alto that published it as Edition 7. See also Version 7 Unix Ancient UNIX External links http minnie.tuhs.org UnixTree V6 V6 source code http minnie.tuhs.org UnixTree Interdata v6 Wollongong Interdata UNIX source code http www.graphviz.org Gallery directed unix.svg a family tree of Unix, which includes Wollongong UnixUnix like Category Unix variants Category Discontinued operating systems Unix stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In Unix and Unix like operating systems, a filter is a program that gets most of its data from its standard input the main input stream and writes its main results to its standard output the main output stream . Unix filters are often used as elements of pipeline Unix pipeline s. The pipe operator on a command line signifies that the main output of the command to the left is passed as main input to the command on the right. The classic filter would be grep , which at it simplest prints to its output any lines containing a character string. Here s an example source lang bash cut d f 1 etc passwd grep foo source This finds all registered users that have foo as part of their username by using the Cut Unix cut command to take the first field username of each line of the Unix system password file and passing them all as input to grep, which searches its input for lines containing the character string foo and prints them on its output. Here is a Perl equivalent to the above, which prints the whole line from the passwd file source lang bash perl ne print if m foo etc passwd source Or, to print only the username, without the rest of the line source lang bash perl ane shift F print n if foo F etc passwd source Common Unix filter programs are Cat Unix cat , cut Unix cut , grep , head Unix head , Sort Unix sort , uniq and tail Unix tail . Programs like awk and sed can be used to build quite complex filters because they are fully programmable. List of Unix filter programs awk programming language awk cat Unix cat comm Unix comm cut Unix cut Expand Unix expand compress Fold Unix fold grep head Unix head Nl Unix nl perl Pr Unix pr sed UNIX shell sh Sort Unix sort Split Unix split Strings Unix strings tail Unix tail Tac Unix tac Tee Unix tee tr program tr uniq Wc Unix wc See also Filter software Unix commands Category Unix da Filter program it Filtro Unix ja pt Filtro Unix ... more details
The Unix System ISBN 0 201 13791 7 is a book by Stephen R. Bourne it was the first widely available general introduction to the Unix operating system . It included some historical material on Unix, as well as material on using the system, editing, the software tools concept, C programming using the Unix API , data management with the shell and awk , and typesetting with troff . DEFAULTSORT Unix System Category Computer books compu book stub ... more details
lowercase mail Unix mail is a command line email client for Unix and Unix like operating system s. Example usage syntaxhighlight lang bash mail s You ve got mail c cc.rider example.org somebody example.com anotherbody example.net syntaxhighlight This sends a message with the subject You ve got mail to two recipients, somebody example.com and anotherbody example.net, and CCs copies a third, cc.rider example.org. The message will be typed after the command is entered and will be ended with Control D. Any Unix command sequence that generates text can be used to send a message in one line. For example syntaxhighlight lang bash echo Some message mail s meeting today somebody example.com syntaxhighlight This is especially useful for having a system report its status automatically through email. See also Cleancode email mailx External links http mailutils.org manual html section mail.html tt mail tt at GNU Mailutils manual Unix commands Category Unix internet software Unix stub fr Mail Unix pl Mail Unix ru Mail zh Mail Unix ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced February 2007 orphan February 2009 Infobox OS name Unix NS screenshot caption developer NCR Corporation NCR family Unix source model Closed source kernel type Monolithic kernel license Proprietary software Proprietary Unix NS the NCR Corporation NCR 3700 Operating System is based on the Unix SVR4 . It contains significant extensions for massively parallel systems, in particular Distributed Memory DBMSs. The extensions include the concepts of virtual processor and virtual disk, message and global synchronization system, segment system, and globally distributed objects. When compared to other parallel UNIX operating systems like Mach or ChorusOS Chorus , Unix NS has a more powerful communication and message addressing paradigm, and richer process group management and global synchronization mechanism. Unix like DEFAULTSORT Unix Ns Category UNIX System V de Unix NS ... more details
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