Image Sinus arythmia.JPG thumb An ECG showing respiratorysinusarrhythmiaRespiratorysinusarrhythmia RSA is a naturally occurring variation in heart rate that occurs during a breathing cycle. RSA is also a measure of parasympathetic nervous system activity which denotes rest and digest behaviours. Overview Heart rate increases during inhalation and decreases during exhalation. Heart rate is normally controlled by centers in the medulla oblongata . One of these centers, the nucleus ambiguus , increases parasympathetic nervous system input to the heart via the vagus nerve . The vagus nerve decreases heart rate by decreasing the firing rate of the sinoatrial node the pace maker tissue of the heart . Upon expiration the cells in the nucleus ambiguus are activated and heart rate is slowed down. In contrast, inspiration triggers inhibitory signals to the nucleus ambiguus and consequently the vagus nerve remains unstimulated. File VivoSenseHR vs Vt.jpg thumb Heart Rate HR top trace and Tidal Volume Vt lung volume, second trace plotted on the same chart in VivoSense software, showing how Heart Rate increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration. On an electrocardiogram ECG this phenomenon is seen as subtle changes in the Electrocardiography R R interval time between two of the distinctive ... SinusArrhythmia cite web url http www.adinstruments.com education experiments teach experiments full.php?exp id 198&name id 259&template teaching title RespiratorySinusArrhythmia format ... Historically, respiratorysinusarrhythmia was believed to be pathological, and extended bed rest ... cite journal author Neff RA, Wang J, Baxi S, Evans C, Mendelowitz D title Respiratorysinusarrhythmia endogenous activation of nicotinic receptors mediates respiratory modulation of brainstem ... of alveolar ventilation and its perfusion with RSA within each respiratory cycle could save energy ... of that heart rate, suggesting differential controls between the respiratory modulation of cardiac ... more details
Sinus may refer to Anatomy In anatomy , where a sinus is a sac or cavity in any organ or tissue Sinus anatomy , description of the general term Paranasal sinuses , air cavities in the cranial bones, especially those near the nose, including the maxillary sinus es, also called the maxillary antra and the largest of the paranasal sinuses, are under the eyes, in the maxillary bones. the frontal sinus es, superior to the eyes, in the frontal bone , which forms the hard part of the forehead . the ethmoid sinus es, which are formed from several discrete air cells within the ethmoid bone between the nose and the eyes. the sphenoid sinus es, in the sphenoid bone at the center of the skull base under the pituitary gland . Anal sinuses , the furrows which separate the columns in the rectum Dural venous sinuses , venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain In the heart Sinus node , a structure in the superior part of the right atrium Sinus rhythm , normal beating on an ECG Coronary sinus , a vein collecting blood from the myocardium Sinus venosus , a cavity in the heart of embryos Sinus venarum , a part of the wall of the right atrium in adults, developed from the sinus venosus Other Sinus botany , a space or indentation, usually on a leaf Mathematics Sine a trigonometric math function Latin sinus Astronomy Several bay like structures on the surface of the moon Sinus Aestuum Sinus Amoris Sinus Asperitatis Sinus Concordiae Sinus Fidei Sinus Iridium Sinus Lunicus Sinus Medii Sinus Successus See also Hemocoel , a space filled with hemolymph in organisms with open circulatory systems Sines, Portugal , a municipality in Alentejo Latin Sinus Sinusitis , a common ailment resulting in the inflammation of the paranasal sinuses disambig bg de Sinus Begriffskl rung fr Sinus io Sinuso he nl Sinus no Sinus ru sl Sinus tr Sin s uk ... more details
infobox book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Arrhythmia image image caption author Alice Zorn cover artist country flag Canada language English language English genre Novel release date May 2011 publisher NeWest Press media type Print hardcover & paperback pages 315 isbn 978 1 897126 80 6 Arrhythmia is the first novel by Canadian author Alice Zorn . It was published in May 2011. ref cite web url http www.newestpress.com catalog authors zorn alice.html title Zorn, Alice NeWest Press publisher Newest Press.com date accessdate 2012 01 22 ref It s no longer necessary to post the outcome of the critical response, readers can just scroll down. Plot summary The novel is set in a busy Montreal, Quebec Montreal hospital in 1999. Joelle, a secretary at a hospital, worries that her marriage is failing as her husband Marc continuously shows signs of distraction. Marc, who also works at the hospital, becomes obsessed with Ketia, a 19 year old nurse. They become dear friends and eventually develop feelings towards each other they make love in Ketia s car. Ketia lies to her family about her liaison with Marc, knowing that they would not approve. During this Joelle s former abusive boyfriend Emile arrives at the hospital with cancer . Joelle s best friend Diane, who is a whiz at crossword puzzles, is dating and living with her Muslim boyfriend, Nazim. Diane does not realize that Nazim has never told his family in Morocco about her. Nazim soon receives a letter ... Holden Rothman url http www.aelaq.org mrb article.php?issue 33&article 980&cat 2 title Arrhythmia ... novel Arrhythmia is the follow up to her promising short story collection Ruins & Relics and explores ... wp 2011 12 E2 80 98arrhythmia E2 80 99 by alice zorn title Arrhythmia by Alice Zorn publisher ... review.cfm?review id 7305M title Review of Arrhythmia by Alice Zorn publisher Quill & Quire date ... episode 9 alice zorn arrhythmia Zorn discusses Arrhythmia Category 2011 novels Category Debut novels ... more details
A sinus ostium plural sinus ostia is the opening that connects a Paranasal sinussinus to the nasal cavity itself. It is a tight area that tends to have a higher percentage of cilia than the surrounding mucosa . If the sinus ostium is blocked this will cause an accumulation of fluid in the sinus. Category Head and neck respiratory stub Nose anatomy ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 Infobox disease Name Re entry ventricular arrhythmia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 I 47 0 i 30 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Re entry ventricular arrhythmia is a type of paroxysmal tachycardia where the cause of the arrhythmia is due to the electric signal not completing a normal circuit, but rather looping back upon itself. ref Cite web url http clevelandclinicmeded.com diseasemanagement cardiology arrhythmias arrhythmias.htm title Cardiac Arrhythmias accessdate 2007 07 21 work ref See also AV reentrant tachycardia AV nodal reentrant tachycardia References references External links Category Cardiac dysrhythmia Disease stub ... more details
Image Respiratory system complete numbered.svg thumb right 250px In humans the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy involved with the process of Respiration physiology respiration . The respiratory tract is divided into 3 segments Upper respiratory tract human nose nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinus es, and throat or pharynx Respiratory airways voice box or larynx , Vertebrate trachea trachea , bronchus bronchi , and bronchiole s Lung s respiratory bronchiole s, alveolar duct s, alveolar sac s, and alveoli The respiratory tract is a common site for infections. Upper respiratory tract infection s are probably the most common infections in the world. Most of the respiratory tract exists merely as a piping system for air to travel in the lungs, and alveoli are the only part of the lung that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood . Moving down the respiratory tract starting at the trachea, the tubes get smaller and divide into more and more tubes. There are estimated to be about 20 to 23 divisions, ending up at an alveolus. Even though the cross sectional area of each bronchus or bronchiole is smaller, because there are so many, the total surface area is larger. This means there is less resistance at the terminal bronchioles. Most resistance is around the 3 4 division from the trachea due to turbulence. General histology The respiratory tract is covered in an epithelium ... called respiratory epithelium . The cilia beat in one direction, moving mucus towards the throat where ... in the bronchi they are interspersed plates. Glands are abundant in the upper respiratory tract ... of elastic tissue. Summary Upper respiratory tract nose, pharynx & associated structures Lower respiratory ... Website lectures syllabi3.htm Syllabus Infectious Diseases see Respiratory Tract Infections by Neal Chamberlain, PhD. Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Missouri, USA See also respiratory system Dosage forms state show Routes of administration Category Head and neck Category Respiratory ... more details
Sagittal sinus can refer to Superior sagittal sinus Inferior sagittal sinus disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Aortic sinus Latin sinus aortae GraySubject 138 GrayPage 535 Image Gray497.png Caption Aorta laid open to show the semilunar valves . Aortic sinus labeled at upper left. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 12 DorlandsSuf 12738570 An aortic sinus is one of the anatomic dilations of the ascending aorta , which occurs just above the aortic valve . There are generally three aortic sinuses, the left anterior, the right anterior and the posterior. The left anterior aortic sinus gives rise to the left coronary artery . The right anterior aortic sinus gives rise to the right coronary artery . Usually, no vessels arise from the posterior aortic sinus, which is therefore known as the non coronary sinus. Each aortic sinus can also be referred to as the sinus of Valsalva , the sinus of Morgagni , the sinus of Otto , or Petit s sinus . See also Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva Rupture of aortic sinus External links eMedicineDictionary Aortic sinus SUNYAnatomyLabs 20 29 01 08 Heart The Aortic Valve and Aortic Sinuses Heart Category Cardiology sl Aortni sinus sv Aortasinus ... more details
The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial CAST was a double blind, randomized controlled study designed to test the hypothesis that suppression of premature ventricular contraction premature ventricular complexes PVC with class I antiarrhythmic agent s after a myocardial infarction MI would reduce Mortality rate mortality . It was conducted between 1986 and 1998 and included over 1700 patients in 27 centres. ref name SoS 2002 pmid 2473403 ref The study found that the tested drugs increased mortality instead of lowering it, as was expected. ref pmid 1900101 ref The publication of these results in 1991 92, in combination with large follow up studies for drugs that had not been tested in CAST, led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of MI patients. Class I and III antiarrhythmics are now only used with extreme caution after MI, or they are contraindicated completely. ref name Mutschler Cite book last1 Mutschler first1 Ernst last2 Sch fer Korting first2 Monika title Arzneimittelwirkungen language German location Stuttgart publisher Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft year 2001 edition 8 page 544 isbn 3 8047 1763 2 ref Background The study was prompted by the fact that patients who suffer from myocardial infarctions have a high risk of sudden death, presumably due to Cardiac dysrhythmia arrhythmia . Around the time of the study onset 1986 , it was estimated that 8 to 15 percent of patients would die in the subsequent year following an MI, with about half of those deaths resulting from arrhythmia. This warranted the investigation as to whether PVC suppression could improve outcomes ... Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial CAST II modified the enrollment criteria to include patients at higher risk for serious arrhythmia. ref pmid 7851106 ref This included 1 patients enrolled within ... arrhythmia related deaths. Total mortality was significantly higher with both encainide and flecainide ... NCT00000526 Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial CAST Category Clinical trials Category Antiarrhythmic ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Lunar mare name Sinus Fidei image Image Sinus fidei clem1.jpg 200px Sinus Fidei caption latitude 18.0 N or S N longitude 2.0 E or W E diameter 70 km eponym Bay of Trust or Bay of Faith Sinus Fidei latin for Bay of Faith is a small basaltic lunar mare mare feature in the Terra Nivium region of the Moon . Lunar maria Category Maria on the Moon Fidei Moon stub de Sinus Fidei it Sinus Fidei lb Sinus Fidei pl Sinus Fidei ru uk zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Image Eyeofmars.jpeg thumb 150px the eye of Mars Aurorae Sinus is a dark feature in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars . Together with albedo features contributed by Aonius Sinus and Solis Lacus , it is part of a feature known as the eye of Mars . Category Albedo features on Mars Crater stub Mars stub bg es Aurorae Sinus it Aurorae Sinus no Aurorae Sinus ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Lunar mare name Sinus Successus image Image Sinus successus clem1.jpg 200px Sinus Successus caption latitude 0.9 N or S N longitude 59.0 E or W E diameter 132 km eponym Bay of Success The Moon lunar feature Sinus Successus latin for Bay of Success lies along the eastern edge of Mare Fecunditatis . It is an outward bulge that forms a type of bay. The selenographic coordinate s of Sinus Successus are 0.9 N, 59.0 E, and the diameter is 132 km. Along the eastern edge of the bay is the flooded crater Condon crater Condon , and the crater Webb crater Webb forms the southern end of the area. There are no other features of significance on the bay. However the terrain just to the northwest of Sinus Successus was the landing site for the Soviet Luna 18 and Luna 20 probes. Lunar maria Category Maria on the Moon Successus da Sinus Successus de Sinus Successus lb Sinus Successus pl Sinus Successus ru ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Lunar mare name Sinus Concordiae image Image Sinus concordiae clem1.jpg 200px Sinus Concordiae caption latitude 10.8 N or S N longitude 43.2 E or W E diameter 142 km eponym Bay of Harmony Sinus Concordiae latin for Bay of Harmony is a bay sinus on the Moon that lies along the eastern edge of the Mare Tranquillitatis . Along its northern border is an area called the Palus Somni , while the southern border is an area of irregular terrain that contains the ruined crater Da Vinci lunar crater Da Vinci . The selenographic coordinates of this bay are 10.8 N, 43.2 E, and it has an overall diameter of 142 km. Lunar maria Category Maria on the Moon Concordiae Moon stub de Sinus Concordiae it Sinus Concordiae lb Sinus Concordiae pl Sinus Concordiae ru ... more details
Sinus of Morgagni may refer to Aortic sinusSinus of Morgagni pharynx dab Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Other uses Sinus disambiguation Image PikiWiki Israel 7080 Ben Shemen Forest.JPG thumb The area between the two lobes of this Cyclamen persicum leaf is a sinus. In botany, a sinus is a space or indentation, usually on a leaf, between two lobes or teeth that does not break the continuity of the structure. See also Leaf shape Category Plant morphology botany stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Respiratory failure Image Caption DiseasesDB 6623 ICD10 ICD10 J 96 j 95 ICD9 ICD9 518.81 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2011 MeshID D012131 The term respiratory failure , in medicine , is used to describe inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system , with the result that arterial oxygen and or carbon dioxide levels cannot be maintained within their normal ranges. A drop in blood Oxygenation medical oxygenation is known as hypoxemia a rise in arterial ... relates to the absence or presence of hypercapnia respectively. Types Type 1 Type 1 respiratory failure ... 1 respiratory failure is failure of oxygenation characterized by class wikitable border 1 P sub a sub ... sub 2 sub increased This type of respiratory failure is caused by conditions that affect oxygenation ... embolism interstitial lung diseases Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS , pneumonia , emphysema . Type 2 The basic defect in type 2 respiratory failure is characterized by class wikitable ... 2 sub normal pH decreased Type 2 respiratory failure is caused by inadequate ventilation both oxygen ... first Christiana C. coauthors Arrowsmith, Joseph E. title Respiratory failure journal Surgery Oxford ... chest. ref cite journal last Burt first Christiana C. coauthors Arrowsmith, Joseph E. title Respiratory ... pmid 18420127 doi 10.1053 j.semtcvs.2007.09.001 ref Hemothorax Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS is a specific and life threatening type of respiratory failure. Cystic Fibrosis Cardiac dysfunction Pulmonary edema Cerebrovascular Accident Arrhythmia Congestive heart failure Valve pathology Other .... Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation may be required. Respiratory stimulant s such as doxapram may be used, and if the respiratory failure resulted from an overdose of sedative drugs such as opioid .... See also Ventilation perfusion ratio Pulmonary shunt References reflist Respiratory pathology ... Category Respiratory diseases Category Causes of death ca Insufici ncia respirat ria de Respiratorische ... more details
A respiratory stimulant is a drug which acts to increase the action of the respiratory system . An example is doxapram . External links MeshName Respiratory stimulants GPnotebook 1476001779 Other respiratory system products Category Drugs acting on the respiratory system Respiratory system drug stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Codanus sinus.PNG thumb 200px right Codanus sinus with its many islands The Codanus sinus is the Latin name of the Baltic Sea and Kattegat . According to Pomponius Mela 3.31, 3.54 and Pliny the Elder 4.96 , it is an enormous bay lying beyond the Elbe . It has many small islands , the largest one being Scandinavia the manuscripts of Mela have Codannovia . The origin of the name is obscure. DEFAULTSORT Codanus Sinus Category Scandinavia it Golfo di Codano la Sinus Codanus ... more details
The renal sinus is a cavity within the kidney which is occupied by the renal pelvis , renal calyx renal calyces , blood vessels, nerves and fat. External links eMedicineDictionary Renal sinus kidney genitourinary stub Category Kidney anatomy lt Inksto antis ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Lunar mare name Sinus Asperitatis image Image Sinus asperitatis clem1.jpg 200px Sinus Asperitatis caption latitude 3.8 N or S S longitude 27.4 E or W E diameter 206 km eponym Bay of Roughness Sinus Asperitatis latin for Bay of Roughness is an area of lunar mare that extends southward from the Mare Tranquillitatis until it joins the Mare Nectaris to the southeast. It is bordered along the western and eastern sides by continental regions of irregular terrain. The selenographic coordinates of this feature are 3.8 S, 27.4 E, and it has a diameter of 206 km. In the northern part of this mare is the small crater Torricelli crater Torricelli . At the southern end is the prominent crater pair of Theophilus crater Theophilus and Cyrillus crater Cyrillus . On the border between Sinus Asperitatis and the Mare Nectaris is the crater M dler lunar crater M dler . Lunar maria Category Maria on the Moon Asperitatis de Sinus Asperitatis lb Sinus Asperitatis pl Sinus Asperitatis ru ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Pericardial sinus Latin GraySubject 137 GrayPage 526 Image Gray489.png Caption Posterior wall of the pericardial sac, showing the lines of reflection of the serous pericardium on the great vessels . Transverse sinus labeled at center. Oblique sinus not labeled, but visible below transverse sinus. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber Dorlands DorlandsID There are two Pericardial sinuses transverse and oblique. The cul de sac enclosed between the limbs of the inverted U of the venous mesocardium lies behind the left atrium and is known as the oblique sinus . . The passage between the venous and arterial mesocardia i.e., between the aorta and pulmonary artery in front and the superior vena cava behind is termed the transverse sinus . ref DorlandsDict nine 000957022 transverse sinus ref Also, the sinus that forms in the pericardial cavity where the dorso mesentary pericardium reside. Can be used to pass ligature during cardiac surgery. References references External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 20 04 01 01 Heart Transverse and Oblique Pericardial Sinuses NormanAnatomy thoraxlesson4 NormanAnatomyFig pericardialsinuses Gray s Heart Category Cardiac anatomy circulatory stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Polyptychus sinus image image width 250px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Sphingidae genus Polyptychus species P. sinus binomial Polyptychus sinus binomial authority Pierre, 1985 ref cite web url https www.cate sphingidae.org taxonomy Polyptychus sinus.html title CATE Creating a Taxonomic eScience Sphingidae publisher Cate sphingidae.org date accessdate 2011 11 01 ref synonyms Polyptychus sinus is a moth of the Sphingidae family. It is known from Gabon . References reflist Category Polyptychus Smerinthini stub nl Polyptychus sinus vi Polyptychus sinus ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Lunar mare name Sinus Lunicus image Image Sinus lunicus clem1.jpg 200px Sinus Lunicus caption latitude 31.8 N or S N longitude 1.4 E or W W diameter Convert 126 km abbr on eponym Bay of Luna 2 Lunik Sinus Lunicus latin for Bay of Lunik is an area of lunar mare along the southeast edge of the Mare Imbrium . It is formed by the area enclosed by the prominent craters Archimedes crater Archimedes to the southwest, Autolycus crater Autolycus to the southeast, and Aristillus crater Aristillus to the northeast. The bay is open to the northwest, and faces the Montes Spitzbergen , a small chain of mountains. This bay was named the Bay of Lunik by the International Astronomical Union IAU in 1970 to honor the landing site of the first space probe to make contact with another interplanetary body. The Luna 2 landed in the gap between the craters Archimedes and Autolycus on September 14, 1959. The official selenographic coordinates of Sinus Lunicus are 31.8 N and 1.4 W, with a diameter of 126 kilometers. The most distinctive features on the bay are the complex outer wikt rampart rampart s of ejecta from the craters Aristillus and Autolycus, and the small satellite craters Archimedes C and Archimedes D. The albedo of the surface is brightened by overlapping Ray system ray material from Autolycus and Aristillus. Lunar maria Category Maria on the Moon Lunicus, Sinus de Sinus Lunicus lb Sinus Lunicus hu Sinus Lunicus pl Sinus Lunicus ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Lunar mare name Sinus Aestuum image Image Sinus aestum clem1.jpg 200px Sinus Aestuum caption latitude 10.9 N or S N longitude 8.8 E or W W diameter 290 km eponym Bay of Billows Sinus Aestuum latin for Bay of Billows forms a northeastern extension to Mare Insularum . It has selenographic coordinate s 10.9 N, 8.8 W, and it lies within a diameter of 290 km. The Sinus Aestuum is a level, nearly featureless surface of low albedo basalt ic lava that is marked by a few small impacts and some wrinkle ridge s. The eastern border is formed by an area of irregular terrain that divides the bay from the Mare Vaporum to the east. To the north is the Montes Apenninus range and the prominent crater Eratosthenes crater Eratosthenes . Along the western side is the flooded crater Stadius crater Stadius and the Mare Insularum to the southwest. Lunar maria Category Maria on the Moon Aestuum de Sinus Aestuum fa it Sinus Aestuum lb Sinus Aestuum pl Sinus Aestuum ru sv Sinus Aestuum zh ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The respiratory groups are responsible for a part of the control of respiration and can mean Dorsal respiratory group Ventral respiratory group Category Respiratory system Anatomy stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
