Retinalcorrespondence is the inherent relationship between paired retina l visual cells in the two human eye eye s. Images from one object stimulate both cells, which transmit the information to the human brain brain , permitting a single visual impression localized in the same direction in space ref name Cassin Cassin, B. and Solomon, S. Dictionary of Eye Terminology. Gainsville, Florida Triad Publishing Company, 1990. ref . Types Normal retinalcorrespondence NRC is a binocular condition in which both fovea s work together as corresponding retinal ponts, with resultant images fused in the visual cortex occipital cortex of the brain ref name Cassin . Abnormal retinalcorrespondence ARC is binocular sensory adaptation to compensate for a long standing eye deviation i.e. strabismus . The fovea of the straight non deviated eye and non foveal retinal point of the deviated eye work together, sometimes permitting single binocular vision ref name Cassin . References div class references small references div Internal links Binocular vision Haploscope Stereopsis Orthoptist External links Bhola, Rahul. http webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu eyeforum tutorials Bhola BinocularVision.htm Binocular Vision. University of Iowa Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences EyeRounds.org. January 23, 2006. http www.internationalorthoptics.org International Orthoptics Association http orthoptics.org.au OAA07 Orthoptics Association of Australia Category Vision ... more details
All trans retinal ImageFile all trans Retinal2.svg ImageSize 350px IUPACName 2E,4E,6E,8E 3,7 dimethyl ... retinoic acid beta carotene dehydroretinal 3 hydroxyretinal 4 hydroxyretinal Retinal , also called ... varies from species to species . Retinal is a polyene chromophore , and bound to proteins called opsin s, is the chemical basis of animal vision. Bound to proteins called type 1 rhodopsin s, retinal allows certain microorganisms to convert light into metabolic energy. Vertebrate animals ingest retinal directly from meat, or produce retinal from one of four carotenoid s beta carotene , alpha carotene ... organisms no other carotenoid s can be converted by animals to retinal, and some carnivores ... active form retinoic acid , may both be produced from retinal. Invertebrates such as insects and squid use hydroxylated forms of retinal in their visual systems, which derive from conversion from other xanthophylls. Vitamin A metabolism Living organisms produce retinal RAL by irreversible oxidative ... Cleaving Beta carotene to Retinal journal Journal of Biological Chemistry volume 275 issue 16 ... O sub 2 sub &rarr 2 retinal catalyzed by a beta carotene 15,15 monooxygenase ref cite journal ... 10.1074 jbc.M109.002618 pmc 2708875 ref Just as carotenoids are the precursors of retinal, retinal is the precursor of the other forms of vitamin A. Retinal is interconvertible with retinol ROL , the transport and storage form of vitamin A retinal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH H sup sup eqm retinol NADP sup sup retinol nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup eqm retinal ..., simply vitamin A. Retinal can also be oxidized to retinoic acid RA retinal NAD sup sup H sub 2 sub O &rarr retinoic acid NADH H sup sup catalyzed by RALDH retinal O sub 2 sub H sub 2 sub O &rarr retinoic acid H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub catalyzed by retinal oxidase catalyzed by retinal dehydrogenase ... first4 Susan M. last5 Napoli first5 Joseph L. year 2003 title Mouse Retinal Dehydrogenase 4 RALDH4 ... more details
wiktionarypar correspondenceCorrespondence may refer to In general usage, non concurrent, remote communication between people, including letter message letter s, email , newsgroups , Internet forums , blogs Correspondence theory of truth philosophy , a theory in epistemology Correspondence principle physics , that theories must agree with experimental evidence Correspondence theology , the relationship between spiritual and physical realities Correspondence mathematics , several related meanings Correspondence analysis , a multivariate statistical technique Correspondence problem computer vision , finding depth information in stereography Regular sound correspondence linguistics , see Comparative method Correspondence rules quantum mechanics Correspondence chess played between different geographical locations Correspondence course, a distant education method Correspondence album , a 1983 studio album by singer and musician Peter Godwin disambig de Korrespondenz Begriffskl rung eo Korespondo eu Korrespondentzia argipena io Korespondo it Corrispondenza nn Korrespondanse sk Kore pondencia sv Korrespondens ... more details
Retinal dysplasia is an eye disease affecting the retina of animals and, less commonly, humans. It is usually ..., or genetic defect s. Retinal dysplasia is characterized by folds or rosette s round clumps of the retinal tissue. Retinal dysplasia in dogs Most cases of retinal dysplasia in dog s are heredity hereditary . It can involve one or both retinas. Retinal dysplasia can be focal, multifocal, geographic, or accompanied by retinal detachment . Focal and multifocal retinal dysplasia appears as streaks and dots in the central retina. Geographic retinal dysplasia appears as an irregular or horseshoe shaped area of mixed hyper or hyporeflectivity in the central retina. Retinal detachment occurs with complete retinal dysplasia, and is accompanied by blindness in that eye. Cataract s or glaucoma can also occur secondary to retinal dysplasia. Other causes of retinal dysplasia in dogs include infection ... in newborns. Commonly affected breeds Bedlington Terrier complete retinal dysplasia. Sealyham Terrier complete retinal dysplasia. Rottweiler focal or multifocal. English Springer Spaniel focal, multifocal ... King Charles Spaniel retinal folds, geographic, or retinal detachment. Labrador Retriever focal, multifocal, geographic, or complete retinal dysplasia. It can also be seen in combination with a congenital skeletal disorder. Australian Shepherd retinal dysplasia occurs with other eye disorders, such as an oval pupil , microcornea small cornea , cataracts, and retinal detachment. ref name Gelatt ... Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins year 1999 isbn 0 683 30076 8 ref Retinal dysplasia in other animals Cat s Retinal dysplasia occurs in utero or in newborns infected with feline leukemia virus or feline .... Cattle Retinal dysplasia occurs in utero through infection with flaviviridae bovine viral ... retinal detachment. Sheep Retinal dysplasia occurs by in utero infection with bluetongue disease . Horse s Retinal dysplasia is bilateral, not inherited, and appears as multifocal or geographic disease ... more details
enzyme Name retinal isomerase EC number 5.2.1.3 CAS number 9023 76 1 IUBMB EC number 5 2 1 3 GO code 0004744 image width caption In enzymology , a retinal isomerase EC number 5.2.1.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction all trans retinal math rightleftharpoons math 11 cis retinal Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , all trans retinal , and one product chemistry product , 11 cis retinal . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically Cis trans isomerism cis trans isomerases . The systematic name of this enzyme class is all trans retinal 11 cis trans isomerase . Other names in common use include retinene isomerase , and retinoid isomerase . This enzyme participates in retinol metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author HUBBARD R date 1956 title Retinene isomerase journal J. Gen. Physiol. volume 39 pages 935&ndash 62 pmid 13346046 doi 10.1085 jgp.39.6.935 issue 6 pmc 2147571 cite journal author Shichi H, Somers RL date 1974 title Possible involvement of retinylidene phospholipid in photoisomerization of all trans retinal to 11 cis retinal journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 249 pages 6570&ndash 7 pmid 4472816 issue 20 isomerase stub Category EC 5.2.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
The term retinal degeneration may refer to One of Retinopathy several eye diseases or eye disorders in humans Progressive retinal atrophy , an eye disease in dogs See also List of eye diseases and disorders List of human eye diseases and disorders List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations List of human systemic diseases with ocular manifestations disambig ... more details
Retinal summation describes the relationship between different types of cells in the retina Cone cell cone photoreceptor cells , Bipolar cell of the retina bipolar cell s, and Retinal ganglion cell ganglion cell s. With high retinal summation, a large number of photoreceptor cells converge on a smaller number of bipolar cells in transferring their signals to ganglion cells. Zero summation occurs when each cone photoreceptor cell contacts a single ganglion cell via a single bipolar cell. ref name 2000Kay Cite journal last1 Kay first1 R.F. last2 Kirk first2 E.C. title Osteological evidence for the evolution of activity pattern and visual acuity in primates journal American Journal of Physical Anthropology year 2000 volume 113 pages 235 262 doi 10.1002 1096 8644 200010 113 2 235 AID AJPA7 3.0.CO 2 9 pmid 11002207 ref High summation increases sensitivity to light at the expense of visual acuity . Low retinal summation results in high visual acuity, with individual photoreceptor cells sending their own signals. High retinal summation yields high sensitivity to low light levels, where the signal is summed before reaching the brain presumably advantageous when the signals reaching individual photoreceptor cells are weak. ref name 2000Kay High retinal summation is an adaptation to low light levels, and low retinal summation to high light levels thus sharpening the images . ref name 2000Kay References Reflist Category eye ... more details
Infobox disease Name Retinal hemorrhage Image Caption DiseasesDB 29369 ICD10 ICD10 H 35 6 h 30 ICD9 ICD9 362.81 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D012166 Retinal hemorrhage is a disorder of the human eye eye in which bleeding occurs into the retina . The retina is a thin disc shaped layer of light sensitive tissue on the back wall of the eye. Its job is to translate what we see into neural impulses and send them to the brain via the optic nerve . A retinal hemorrhage can be caused by hypertension , retinal vein occlusion a blockage of a retinal vein , or diabetes mellitus which causes small fragile blood vessels to form, which are easily damaged . Retinal hemorrhages can also occur due to shaking, particularly in young infant s shaken baby syndrome or from severe blows to the head. Retinal hemorrhages that take place outside of the macula can go undetected for many years, and may sometimes only be picked up when the eye is examined in detail by ophthalmoscopy or fundus photography . However, some retinal hemorrhages can cause severe impairment of vision. Diagnosis A retinal hemorrhage is generally diagnosed by using an ophthalmoscope or fundus camera in order to examine the inside of the eye. A florescent dye is often injected into the patient s bloodstream beforehand so the administering ophthalmologist can have a more detailed view of the blood vessels in the retina. ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Retinal hemorrhage ref Treatment Retinal hemorrhages, especially mild ones not associated with chronic disease, will normally resorb without ... vessels in the retina. ref http www.laretinasurgeon.com retinal bleeding.aspx ref Anti vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF drugs like Avastin and Lucentis have also been shown to repair retinal ... links http adc.bmjjournals.com cgi content full 84 3 263 A British Medical Journal report into retinal ... H morragie r tinienne pt Hemorragia retinal ar ... more details
Infobox disease Name Retinal migraine Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 G43.81 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID migraine Retinal migraine also known as ophthalmic migraine , visual migraine and ocular migraine is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only one eye. ref http www.eugeneeyecare.com conditions Ophthalmic Migraine.html ophthalmic ... retinal migraine and ocular migraine are often confused with an abnormal condition in the brain ... vision in both eyes, also associated with migraine headaches. Symptoms Retinal migraine is associated ... Grosberg05 cite journal author Grosberg BM, Solomon S, Lipton RB title Retinal migraine journal Curr ... imigraine.net migraine retinal.html Retinal Migraine by Todd Troost ref After each episode, normal vision returns. It may be difficult to read and dangerous to drive a vehicle while retinal migraine symptoms are present. Retinal migraine is a different disease than scintillating scotoma , which ... in Migraine ref Unlike retinal migraine, such a scintillating aura affects vision from both eyes, and sufferers ..., retinal migraine involves repeated bouts of temporary diminished vision or blindness in one ... tumor, or detached retina. A normal retina exam is consistent with retinal migraine. ref name RO http headaches.about.com lw Health Medicine Conditions and diseases Retinal Ocular Migraines.htm Retinal Ocular Migraines ref Treatment Treatment depends on identifying behavior that triggers migraine .... Medicines used to treat retinal migraines include aspirin, other NSAIDS , and medicines that reduce high blood pressure. ref name RO Prognosis In general, the prognosis for retinal migraine is similar to that of migraine headache with typical aura. As the true incidence of retinal migraine is unknown ... incidence of permanent visual field defects in retinal migraine than in clinically manifest ... of reported recurrent cases of retinal migraine subsequently experienced permanent visual loss in that eye ... more details
for diagnostic retinal examination Fundus photography Ophthalmoscopy A retinal scan is a biometric technique ... that even identical twin s do not share a similar pattern. Although retinal patterns may be altered in cases of diabetes , glaucoma or retinal degenerative disorders, the retina typically remains ..., and Security. Copyright 2004 by The Gale Group, Inc. ref Advocates of retinal scanning have ... identifier known as a retinal scan is used to map the unique patterns of a person s retina . The blood ... identified with appropriate lighting. A retinal scan is performed by casting an unperceived beam ... of light traces a standardized path on the retina. Because retinal blood vessels are more absorbent ... Ra Thy Retinography.html Retinography How Retinal Scanning Works. Retrieved on 2007 04 02. ref History The idea for retinal identification was first conceived by Dr. Carleton Simon and Dr ... for a retinal scanning device emerged in 1975. In 1976, Robert Buzz Hill formed a corporation ... means for a retinal scanner was patented, followed by a commercial model in 1981. ref Hill ... on 2007 04 02 ref In popular culture In the movie The Minority Report , retinal scanning is used ... to top secret computer files by use of a retinal scan. In the 1966 movie Batman, Batman describes to Robin ... film Entrapment utilize or try to deceive retinal scanners. ref cite web url http www.infosecurity ... Cell series, retinal scanners are used to identify agents within Third Echleon and guards within military business complexes. Uses Retinal scanners are typically used for authentication and identification purposes. Retinal scanning has been utilized by several government agencies including the FBI , CIA , and NASA . However, in recent years, retinal scanning has become more commercially popular. Retinal scanning has been used in prisons, for Automated teller machine ATM identity verification ... Biometrics Eye.html Iris Retinal Identification. Wcu.Edu. Retrieved on 2007 04 02. ref Retinal ... more details
Infobox disease Name Retinal vasculitis Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 362.18 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Retinal vasculitis is inflammation of the vascular branches of the retinal artery , caused either by primary ocular disease processes, or as a specific presentation of any systemic form of vasculitis such as Beh et s disease , sarcoidosis , multiple sclerosis , or any form of systemic nectrozing vasculitis such as temporal arteritis , polyarteritis nodosa , and Wegener s granulomatosis , or due to lupus erythematosus , or rheumatoid arthritis . ref name it cite web title Retinal Vasculitis author Lynn K. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D. date January 2003 publisher American Uveitis Society accessdate December 10, 2010 url http www.uveitissociety.org pages diseases retinalvasculitis.htm ref ref name mk cite book first1 Marcy B. last1 Bolster first2 Virginia U. last2 Collier first3 Anne R. last3 Bass first4 Richard D. last4 Brasington first5 Alan N. last5 Brown first6 Beth last6 Jonas first7 Leslie S. last7 Staudt title Medical Knoweldge Self Assessment Program MKSAP 15 Rheumatology publisher ACP American College of Physicians year 2009 pages 71 3 isbn 978 1 934465 30 1 ref Eales disease , pars planitis , birdshot retinochoroidopathy autoimmune bilateral posterior uveitis , and Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis FHI can also cause retinal vasculitis. ref name it Infectious pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis , visceral larva migrans Toxocara canis & Toxocara cati can also cause retinal vasculitis. ref name it Symptoms Retinal vasculitis ... of new vessels in the retina , retinal vessel narrowing, retinal vessel cuffing, retinal hemorrhage ... . ref name it Diagnosis Retinal vasculitis is very rare as the only presenting symptom. Often there is sufficient ... possible systemic diseases. For those patients who present with only vasculitis of the retinal vessels .... Diseases associated with retinal vasculitis Beh et s disease Sarcoidosis Multiple sclerosis Temporal ... more details
Infobox disease Name Retinal detachment Image Slit lamp photograph showing retinal detachment in Von Hippel Lindau disease EDA08.JPG Caption Slit lamp photograph showing retinal detachment. DiseasesDB ... D012163 Refimprove date January 2009 Retinal detachment is a disorder of the human eye eye in which ... title Retinal detachment work MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia publisher National Institutes of Health ... retinal detachment A rhegmatogenous retinal detachment occurs due to a break in the retina called a retinal tear anchor retinal tear that allows fluid to pass from the vitreous space into the subretinal space between the sensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium . Retinal breaks are divided into three types holes, tears and dialyses. Holes form due to retinal atrophy especially within an area ... as idiopathic dialysis of the young. Exudative, serous, or secondary retinal detachment An exudative retinal detachment occurs due to inflammation, injury or vascular abnormalities that results in fluid ... of retinal detachment it is critical to exclude exudative detachment as surgery will make the situation worse, not better. Although rare, exudative retinal detachment can be caused by the growth of a tumor ... melanoma. Tractional retinal detachment A tractional retinal detachment occurs when fibrous ... retina from the retinal pigment epithelium. A minority of retinal detachments result from trauma, including ... phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment journal Indian J Ophthalmol 1986 34 29 32 ref Frequency File 3 mirror glass to diagnose retinal detachment.jpg thumb A physician using a three mirror glass to diagnose retinal detachment The incidence of retinal detachment in otherwise normal eyes ... D title Epidemiological study of nontraumatic phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment journal ... retinal detachment in Beijing, China journal Ophthalmology volume 110 issue 12 pages 2413 7 year 2003 pmid 14644727 doi 10.1016 S0161 6420 03 00867 4 author2 Beijing Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ... more details
refimprove date April 2012 Retinal waves are spontaneous bursts of action potentials that propagate in a wave ... and before vision can occur. The signals from retinal waves drive the activity in the dorsal Lateral ... of refractoriness that follow the initial depolarization. Retinal waves are thought to have properties ... much debate about the exact role of retinal waves some contend that the waves are instructional ... , spinal cord , and auditory nuclei. ref name storm Wong, R.O.L. 1999 . Retinal waves stirring up ... of the nervous system. ref name wong Wong, R.O.L. 1999 . Retinal waves and visual system development ... is important between amacrine cells and other retinal interneurons and ganglion cells which act as a substrate for retinal waves. ref name wong Wong, R.O.L. 1999 . Retinal waves and visual system development ... activity of retinal waves in mammals. Before birth, waves are mediated by non synaptic currents ... Ford, Kevin, and Marla Feller. Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. Webvision .... SACs are thought to be the source of retinal waves because spontaneous depolarizations have been ... Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. Webvision The Organization of the Retina and Visual ... Feller. Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. Webvision The Organization ... wong Wong, R.O.L. 1999 . Retinal waves and visual system development , Annual Review of Neuroscience ... Feller. Formation of Early Retinal Circuits in the Inner Plexiform Layer. Webvision The Organization ... name wong Wong, R.O.L. 1999 . Retinal waves and visual system development , Annual Review of Neuroscience , 22. ref Additional activity involved in retinal waves includes the following. In certain ... and synapses are added. Variation in the mechanisms of retinal waves account for diversity in the connections ... . Retinal waves and visual system development , Annual Review of Neuroscience , 22. ref Activity ... cells corresponds to how fast retinal waves propagate, for instance if there is a low number or density ... more details
enzyme Name retinal dehydrogenase EC number 1.2.1.36 CAS number 37250 99 0 IUBMB EC number 1 2 1 36 GO code 0001758 image width caption In enzymology , a retinal dehydrogenase EC number 1.2.1.36 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction retinal NAD sup sup H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math retinoic acid NADH H sup sup The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are retinal , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup , and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are retinoic acid , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is retinal NAD oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called cytosolic retinal dehydrogenase . This enzyme participates in retinol metabolism . It has 2 cofactor biochemistry cofactors FAD , and Metal . References reflist 1 cite journal author Moffa DJ, Lotspeich FJ, Krause RF date 1970 title Preparation and properties of retinal oxidizing enzyme from rat intestinal mucosa journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 439 47 pmid 4312676 issue 2 1.2 enzyme stub Category EC 1.2.1 Category NADH dependent enzymes Category Flavin enzymes Category Metal enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Retinale deidrogenasi ja zh ... more details
enzyme Name retinal oxidase EC number 1.2.3.11 CAS number 9033 52 7 IUBMB EC number 1 2 3 11 GO code 0050250 image width caption In enzymology , a retinal oxidase EC number 1.2.3.11 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction retinal O sub 2 sub H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math retinoic acid H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are retinal , oxygen O sub 2 sub , and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are retinoic acid and hydrogen peroxide H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with oxygen as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is retinal oxygen oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called retinene oxidase . This enzyme participates in retinol metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Mandal SK, Datta Chaudhuri B date 1987 title Enzymic oxidation of vitamin A aldehyde to vitamin A acid by rat livers of experimental thyroid disorders journal Indian. J. Exp. Biol. volume 25 pages 796&ndash 7 pmid 3452601 issue 11 cite journal author Huang DY, Furukawa A, Ichikawa Y date 1999 title Molecular cloning of retinal oxidase aldehyde oxidase cDNAs from rabbit and mouse livers and functional expression of recombinant mouse retinal oxidase cDNA in Escherichia coli journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 364 pages 264&ndash 72 pmid 10190983 doi 10.1006 abbi.1999.1129 issue 2 1.2 enzyme stub Category EC 1.2.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Retinale ossidasi ja zh ... more details
A retinal implant is a biomedical engineering biomedical prosthesis implant technology currently being ... such as retinitis pigmentosa or macular degeneration . There are two types of retinal implants ... . Retinal implants provide subject with low resolution images by electrically stimulating retinal cells. Such images may be sufficient for restoring specific visual abilities, such as light ... of several other implantable devices for stimulation of the visual pathway, including retinal implants. ref name Weiland3 Retinal stimulation devices, in particular, have become a focus of research as approximately half of all cases of blindness are caused by retinal damage. ref name Zrenner4 The development of retinal implants has also been motivated in part by the advancement and success ... right thumb 250px The layers of the retina and corresponding retinal cells ref name Weiland3 Candidates Optimal candidates for retinal implants have retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa ... cell photoreceptor cells in the outer layer of the retina, while leaving the inner and middle retinal ... ref name Kim10 Minimally, a patient must have an intact retinal ganglion cell ganglion cell layer in order to be a candidate for a retinal implant. This can be assessed non invasively using optical ... considered when determining candidates for retinal implants. In subjects with age related macular degeneration, who may have intact peripheral vision, retinal implants could result in a hybrid form ... vision information. ref name Chader12 Types of Retinal Implants There are two main types of retinal ... are placed between the outer retinal layer and the retinal pigment epithelium . Epiretinal Implants ... ganglion cells and bypassing all other retinal layers. Epiretinal implants consist of a silicon platinum electrode array mounted onto the inner retinal layer. The array is stabilized using micro ... the image into a spatial and temporal pattern of stimulation to activate the appropriate retinal cells ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 TWCleanup A lexical correspondence is a set of cognate words or morpheme s in two or more related languages. In order to form such a correspondence, it is not sufficient that the words are similar in both form and meaning, but that regular sound correspondence s occur between the phoneme s contained in the words. DEFAULTSORT Lexical Correspondence Category Lexicology ... more details
Image Postcard for correspondence chess.jpg thumb 325px right Postcard for international correspondence chess File Back of correspondence chess card.tif right thumb Card used by the US Chess Federation Correspondence chess is chess played by various forms of long distance correspondence, usually through a correspondence chess server , through e mail email or by the postal system less common methods ... . Correspondence chess allows people or clubs who are geographically distant to play one another without meeting in person. These distant relationships are just one of the many distinct appeals of correspondence chess. ref Craig Sadler, Facts, Games and World Champions of Correspondence Chess, http ... played by correspondence can vary depending on the method used to transmit the moves a game played ... between players in different countries might last several years. Structure of correspondence chess Correspondence chess differs from over the board play in several respects. While players in OTB chess generally play one at a time an exception being a simultaneous exhibition , correspondence players ... may have more than one hundred games continuing at the same time. Time limits in correspondence ... assistance has altered the essence of correspondence chess and in addition to profound chess ... bodies of correspondence chess Correspondence chess tournaments are usually played under the auspices of an official regulatory body, most importantly International Correspondence Chess Federation ... organizes postal and email events, is not the only organization involved in correspondence chess ... Internet Correspondence Games Server FICGS , that also runs a world championship cycle, and International .... The ICCF awards the titles International Master , Senior International Master and International Correspondence ... chess. The ICCF also runs the World Correspondence Chess Championships. Because these events can ... Championship which began in March 2002 had not yet been determined. Up until 2004, ICCF correspondence ... more details
refimprove date August 2011 In mathematics and mathematical economics, correspondence is a term with several related but not identical meanings. In general mathematics , a correspondence is an ordered triple X , Y , R , where R is a binary relation relation from X to Y , i.e. any subset of the Cartesian product X Y . ref cite book title Encyclopedic dictionary of Mathematics publisher MIT pages 1330 1331 year 2000 isbn 0 262 59020 4 url http books.google.co.uk books?id azS2ktxrz3EC&pg PA1331&hl en&sa X&ei glo6T PmC9Ow8QPvwYmFCw&ved 0CGIQ6AEwBg v onepage&f false ref anchor algebraic geometry In algebraic geometry , a correspondence between algebraic variety algebraic varieties V and W is in the same fashion a subset R of V × W , which is in addition required to be closed in the Zariski ... form theory may be considered as correspondences of modular curve s. However, the definition of a correspondence .... In literature, however, a correspondence from a variety X to a variety Y is often taken to be a subset ... in this latter definition which talks about a correspondence from X to Y rather than a correspondence between X and Y . The typical example of the latter kind of correspondence is the graph of a function ... theory , a correspondence from math C math to math D math is a functor math C op times D to mathbf Set math . It is the opposite of a profunctor . One to one correspondence is an alternate name for a bijection . In von Neumann algebra theory, a correspondence is a synonym for a von Neumann algebra bimodule. In economics , a correspondence between two sets A and B is a map mathematics map f A P B from the elements of the set A to the power set of B . This is similar to a correspondence as defined ... R as subset of A × B , R projects to A surjective ly. A correspondence with this additional ... of a correspondence in this sense is the best response correspondence in game theory , which gives ... opponent s strategy, there is a set of best responses that are equally good, then this is a correspondence ... more details
About correspondence rules in quantum physics their role in philosophy of science Carnap Ramsey sentences Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject physics date November 2008 In quantum mechanics , correspondence rules refers to the principle of replacing physical quantities with Operator mathematics operators . Such replacements include energy and momentum, which can be derived informally from taking the time and space derivities of the plane wave function. These show a similarity to the heisenberg uncertainty principle . Examples of correspondence rules class wikitable quantity operator See equation Energy Hamiltonian quantum mechanics Hamiltonian math i hbar frac partial partial t math Sc Momentum math i hbar nabla math Continuity equation See also Portal Physics Physics DEFAULTSORT Correspondence Rules Category Quantum mechanics Category Rules Quantum stub ... more details
Correspondence analysis CA is a multivariate statistics statistical technique proposed ref Dodge, Y. 2003 The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms , OUP ISBN 0 19 850994 4 ref by Hirschfeld ref Hirschfeld, H.O. 1935 A connection between correlation and contingency , Proc. Cambridge Philosophical Society , 31, 520&ndash 524 ref and later developed by Jean Paul Benz cri . ref cite book author Benz cri, J. P. publisher Dunod location Paris, France year 1973 title L Analyse des Donn es. Volume II. L Analyse des Correspondances ref It is conceptually similar to principal component analysis , but applies to categorical rather than continuous data. In a similar manner to principal component analysis ... and Applications of Correspondence Analysis isbn 0 12 299050 1 ref ref cite book author Greenacre, Michael publisher Chapman & Hall CRC location London year 2007 title Correspondence Analysis in Practice, Second Edition ref Several variants of CA are available, including detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis . The extension of correspondence analysis to many categorical variables is called multiple correspondence analysis . An adaptation of correspondence analysis ... analysis for qualitative data is called discriminant correspondence analysis or barycentric discriminant analysis. In the social sciences, correspondence analysis, and particularly its extension multiple correspondence analysis , was made known outside France through French sociologist Pierre ... ca code ref Nenadic, O. and Greenacre, M. 2007 http www.jstatsoft.org v20 i03 Correspondence analysis ... 3 ref , code vegan, code , and code http factominer.free.fr FactoMineR code implement correspondence analysis and multiple correspondence analysis. Here is a link to a MATLAB program with a tutorial for correspondence analysis http www.utdallas.edu herve abdi CorrespondenceAnalysisMatlabProgram.zip ... , BBVA Foundation, Madrid, Spanish translation of Correspondence Analysis in Practice , available ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2011 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Correspondence Type studio Longtype LP Artist Peter Godwin singer Peter Godwin Cover Peter Godwin Correspondence.jpeg Released 1983 Recorded Genre Pop music Pop Length Label Polydor Records Producer Georg Kajanus Reviews Last album Images Of Heaven Peter Godwin album Images Of Heaven br 1982 This album Correspondence br 1983 Next album Images Of Heaven The Best Of Peter Godwin br 1998 Correspondence is the first full length studio album by Peter Godwin singer Peter Godwin . The album was released in 1983. Track listing All songs written by Peter Godwin unless otherwise noted Baby s In The Mountains The Art of Love Window Shopping Soul to Soul Young Pleasure The Dancer Correspondence Over Twenty One Georg Kajanus Soul of Love Category 1983 albums Category Peter Godwin albums Category Polydor Records albums ... more details
Orphan date February 2012 Business correspondence is the communication or exchange of information in a written format for the process of business activities.Business correspondence can take place between organizations, within organizations or between the customers and the organization.The correspondence is generally of widely accepted formats that are followed universally. ref cite book title Merriam Webster s guide to business correspondence. year 1993 publisher Merriam Webster location Springfield, Mass. isbn 0 87779 131 7 ref Need for written communication Maintaining a proper relationship. Serves as evidence. Create and maintain goodwill . Inexpensive and convenient. Formal communication. Independent of interpersonal skills . ref cite book last Thomas first L. Sue Baugh Maridell Fryar David A. title How to write first class business correspondence the handbook for business writing year 1996 publisher NTC Publ. Group location Lincolnwood, Ill isbn 0 8442 3405 2 edition 1996 printing. ref Types of Business correspondence Business letters Business letters are the most formal method of communication following specific formats. They are addressed to a particular person or organisation.A good business letter follows the seven C s of communication .The different types of business letters used based on their context are as follows, Letters of enquiry Letters of claim complaints Letters of application Letters of approval dismissal Letters of recommendations Letters of sales. Official letters can be handwritten or printed.Modernisation has led to the usage of new means of business correspondence such as E mail and Fax. ref cite book last McLean first Scott title Business communication for success year 2010 publisher Flat World Knowledge location Nyack, NY isbn 978 0 9823618 5 6 ref E mail Email is the least formal method of business communication.It is the most widely used method of written communication usually done in a conversational style. Memorandum Memorandum is a document ... more details
for the problem in theory of computation Post correspondence problem The correspondence problem tries to figure out which parts of an image correspond to which parts of another image, after the camera has moved, time has elapsed, and or the objects have moved around. Overview Given two or more images of the same 3D scene, taken from different points of view, the correspondence problem is to find a set of points in one image which can be identified as the same points in another image. To do this, try to match points or features from one image with the same points or features in another image. The images can be taken from a different point of view, at different times, and with objects in the scene in general motion relative to the camera s . The correspondence problem typically occurs when two images of the same scene are used, the stereo correspondence problem. This concept can be generalized to the three view correspondence problem or, in general, the N view correspondence problem. In the general ... application of the correspondence problem occurs in panorama creation or image stitching ... In computer vision the correspondence problem is studied for the case when a computer should solve it automatically with only images as input. Once the correspondence problem has been solved, resulting in a set of image points which are in correspondence, other methods can be applied to this set ... Simple Example To find the correspondence between set A 2,4,6,1,5 and set B 8,0,2,4 find where they overlap ... in the other image. When you find the best fit the difference in image location is the correspondence .... In A Bayesian Treatment of the Stereo Correspondence Problem Using Half Occluded Regions, P. Belhumeur ... S. Ogale and Yiannis Aloimonos year October 2005. title Shape and the stereo correspondence problem ... year 1992 title A Bayesian Treatment of the Stereo Correspondence Problem Using Half Occluded Regions .... A Taxonomy and Evaluation of Dense Two Frame Stereo Correspondence Algorithms. PDF Stereoscopy Category ... more details
In mathematical physics , the twistor correspondence is a natural transformation natural isomorphism between mass less Yang Mills field s on Minkowski space and sheaf cohomology classes on a real hypersurface of complex projective space CP sup 3 sup . Category Mathematical physics Math stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
