Infobox Brain Name Rhombencephalon GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image EmbryonicBrain.svg Caption Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain , midbrain and hindbrain structures. Image2 Gray708.svg Caption2 Scheme of roof of fourth ventricle. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 531 MeshName Rhombencephalon MeshNumber A08.186.211.132.810 NeuroLex Rhombencephalon NeuroLexID birnlex 942 DorlandsPre r 12 DorlandsSuf 12709581 The rhombencephalon or hindbrain is a Morphogenesis developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates . It includes the Medulla oblongata medulla , pons , and cerebellum . File Rhombencephalon.jpg thumb right 300px Rhombencephalon The rhombencephalon can be subdivided in a variable number of transversal swellings called rhombomere s. In the human embryo eight rhombomeres can be distinguished, from caudal to rostral Rh7 Rh1 and the List of anatomical isthmi isthmus a borderline between midbrain and hindbrain in the most Anatomical terms of location rostral part of the rhombomeres . A rare disease of the rhombencephalon, rhombencephalosynapsis, is characterized by a missing vermis resulting in a fused cerebellum. Patients generally present with cerebellar ataxia . The caudal rhombencephalon has been generally considered as the initiation site for neural tube closure. ref http www.springerlink.com content f3fc056wde57c1yc SpringerLink Journal Article Bot generated title ref Myelencephalon Rhombomeres Rh7 Rh4 form ... and twenty one days. File Human embryo 8 weeks 9.JPG Rhombencephalon of human embryo gallery References ... External links http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Rhombencephalon 22 NIF Search Rhombencephalon ... mozek de Rhombencephalon es Rombenc falo eu Erronbentzefalo fr Rhombenc phale it Rombencefalo kk nl Rhombencephalon pl Ty om zgowie pt Rombenc falo ru simple Rhombencephalon sk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Brain Name Myelencephalon Latin GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image EmbryonicBrain.svg Caption Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain , midbrain and hindbrain structures. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 695 MeshName Myelencephalon MeshNumber A08.186.211.132.810.406 DorlandsPre m 24 DorlandsSuf 12553211 The myelencephalon is categorized as a secondary vesicle in the Morphogenesis development of the central nervous system . The prefix myelen is derived from Greek for medulla myelos . The myelencephalon differentiates primarily into the medulla oblongata and a caudal portion of the fourth ventricle , but will also contain portions of the following cranial nerves vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII , glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX , vagus nerve CN X , accessory nerve CN XI , and hypoglossal nerve CN XII . The myelencephalon develops from the primary vesicular structure called the rhombencephalon or hindbrain , which is present in all vertebrate embryos. The rhombencephalon normally begins its differentiation into the myelencephalon and the metencephalon at approximately 5 weeks of gestational development in humans. Evolutionarily, the myelencephalon is the area of the brain which is the most ancestral, eventually controlling visceral mechanisms basic bodily functions such as breathing, heart and blood vessel activity, digestions, and peristalsis . Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon Fourth ventricle Category Developmental biology Neuroscience stub ca Mielenc fal nl Myelencephalon ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Neuromeres are morphologically or molecularly defined Passing with time transient segments of the early developing brain . Rhombomeres are such segments that make up the rhombencephalon or hindbrain. More controversially, some argue that there exist early developmental segments that give rise to structures of the midbrain mesomeres and forebrain prosomeres . Development of nervous system Category Embryology of nervous system Developmental biology stub Neuroscience stub fr Neurom re ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Brain Name Pontine raphe nucleus Latin nucleus raphes pontis GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 584 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Pontine raphe nucleus NeuroLexID birnlex 1110 DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12582835 The Pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei . It is located in the pontine tegmentum . Rhombencephalon Neuroscience stub DEFAULTSORT Pontine Raphe Nucleus Category Neuroanatomy ... more details
In anatomy, isthmus refers to a constriction between organs. This is a list of anatomical isthmi From de Isthmus Isthmus the mesencephalon midbrain rhombencephalon hindbrain boundary. Isthmus faucium Throat Rachenenge Isthmus glandularis or Thyroid isthmus schmale Gewebsbr cke der Schilddr se einiger S ugetiere Isthmus prostatae Prostate schmale Gewebsbr cke der Prostata beim Pferd Isthmus tubae auditivae Eustachian tube Engstelle der Ohrtrompete Isthmus of uterine tube Isthmus tubae uterinae Fallopian tube Engstelle des Eileiters Uterine isthmus Isthmus urethrae Urethra Engstelle der Harnr hre Isthmus of the Oviduct Isthmus des Legedarms Isthmus of the Rhombencephalon Isthmus of the Corpus Callosum Isthmus of cingulate gyrus Isthmus of the Cingulate Gyrus Cavo tricuspid isthmus of the right atrium of the heart, a body of fibrous tissue in the lower atrium between the inferior vena cava, and the tricuspid valve. Category Anatomy Isthmus Category Biology lists Anatomical isthmus de Isthmus Anatomie ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin nucleus reticularis ventralis GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 730 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The ventral reticular nucleus is a continuation of the parvocellular nucleus in the brainstem . The ventral reticular nucleus has been shown to receive afferent projections from the dentate gyrus in rabbits ref Tang, ZW et al. The fiber projections from the dentate nucleus to the reticular formation of the brain stem in the rabbit. Anatomy and Embryology Berlin . 1987 175 4 517 20. ref . The rostral portion of the ventral reticular nucleus has been shown to mediate Inhalation inspiration along with a portion of the lateral reticular nucleus . References references Category Medulla oblongata neuroscience stub Reticular formation Rhombencephalon ... more details
Infobox embryology Name PAGENAME Latin placoda otica GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.15.2.0.0.0.4 In embryology , the otic placode is a thickening of the ectoderm on the outer surface of a developing embryo from which the ear develops. The ear, including both the vestibular system and the Cochlea auditory system , develops from the otic placode beginning the third week of development. During the fourth week, the otic placode invaginates into the mesenchyme adjacent to the rhombencephalon to form the otic pit , which then pinches off from the surface ectoderm to form the otic vesicle . ref http download.videohelp.com vitualis med Ear Devt.html ref See also placode References references Development of eye and ear Category Embryology of nervous system ... more details
Special visceral efferent SVE refers to efferent nerves which supply muscles which derived from the branchial arches . ref NormanAnatomy cranialnerves ref Some sources prefer the term branchiomotor , ref http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?branchiomotor nuclei Definition branchiomotor nuclei from Online Medical Dictionary ref or branchial efferent . ref name title Cite web url http www.ana.ed.ac.uk anatomy humat notes embryo nervous rhombencephalon rhomben.htm title ana.ed.ac.uk accessdate 2008 02 17 work ref The only nerves containing SVE fibers are cranial nerve s the trigeminal nerve V , the facial nerve VII , the glossopharyngeal nerve IX , the vagus nerve X and the accessory nerve XI . ref Drake et al. 2010 , Gray s Anatomy for Students, 2nd Ed., Churchill Livingstone. ref References Reflist External links http sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca cns histo systems cranialnerves main.htm Overview at mmi.mcgill.ca Nervous tissue Category Neuroscience Neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Sensory decussation Latin decussatio lemnisci medialis GraySubject 187 GrayPage 777 Image Gray759.png Caption The sensory tract. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 785 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre d 04 DorlandsSuf 12282248 The sensory decussation or decussation of the lemniscus is a decussation or cross over of axons from the gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus . The fibres of this decussation are called the internal arcuate fibres and are found at the superior aspect of the closed medulla superior to the motor decussation . It is part of the second neuron in the Posterior column medial lemniscus pathway . Additional images gallery Image Gray690.png Deep dissection of brain stem. Ventral view. Image Gray692.png Superior terminations of the posterior fasciculi of the medulla spinalis. Image Gray714.png Transverse section passing through the sensory decussation. gallery External links http www.wam.umd.edu sporges stem2.htm Image at umd.edu Gray s Rhombencephalon Neural tracts Category Brainstem Neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Paraabducens nucleus Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray696.svg Caption The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red sensory in blue. The olfactory and optic centers are not represented. Paraabducens nucleus is not labeled, but is visible near the abducens nucleus, which is VI Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 1259630124 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The paraabducens nucleus is a nucleus in the human brain which controls lateral gaze . It is also known as the paramedian pontine reticular formation , or PPRF . As its name would indicate, it is located near the Abducens nucleus , and it sends signals to it, which in turn affects the lateral rectus and the medial longitudinal fasciculus . External links http www.dartmouth.edu rswenson NeuroSci chapter 1.html http www.dartmouth.edu rswenson NeuroSci figures Figure 19.htm http www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu virtualbrain BrainStem 13VNAN.html Gray s Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon neuroanatomy stub eye stub Category Neuroscience ... more details
Infobox embryology Name PAGENAME Latin flexura pontina GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.14.3.1.5.0.9 The pontine flexure is a bend in the axis of the embryological central nervous system the neuraxis . This flexure marks the junction between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon . The division of the rhombencephalon the early hindbrain into the metencephalon and the myelencephalon occurs at the 7th week of development. In the mature brain, the metencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum , whilst the myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata . ref Neuroanatomy An Illustrated Color Text. 3rd Edition. Crossman & Neary. Published by Elsevier. ref Other Flexures The cephalic flexure also known as the midbrain flexure bends the neuraxis at the junction of the midbrain and hindbrain . This flexure develops by the 5th week of gestation . The cervical flexure bends the neuraxis between the brain and the spinal cord . It also develops by the 5th week of gestation . See also embryo ectoderm neural tube neurulation References reflist Development of nervous system Category Neuroanatomy Category Embryology of nervous system developmental biology stub neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Gustatory nucleus Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 465 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The gustatory nucleus is a component of the solitary nucleus . It is associated with the sense of taste. ref name urlAnatomy 530a at UWO Functional Neuroanatomy cite web url http instruct.uwo.ca anatomy 530 530notes.htm title Anatomy 530a at UWO Functional Neuroanatomy work accessdate ref GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. ref name pmid9929643 cite journal author Grabauskas G, Bradley RM title Ionic mechanism of GABAA biphasic synaptic potentials in gustatory nucleus of the solitary tract journal Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. volume 855 issue pages 486 487 year 1998 month November pmid 9929643 doi 10.1111 j.1749 6632.1998.tb10610.x url http www.annalsnyas.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 9929643 ref References reflist See also Inferior salivatory nucleus Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon Gustatory system Category Nervous system neuroanatomy stub ... more details
The vasomotor center VMC is a portion of the medulla oblongata ref name urlBlood Vessels Cite web url http www.rci.rutgers.edu uzwiak AnatPhys Blood Vessels.html title Blood Vessels work accessdate 2008 10 06 ref that regulates blood pressure and other homeostatic processes. Upon blood increase in carbon dioxide it stimulates the sympathetic system to constrict vessels. This is opposite to carbon dioxide in tissues causing vasoconstriction, especially in the brain. ref name urlBionic blood pressure device being developed at Vanderbilt Cite web url http www.mc.vanderbilt.edu reporter index.html?ID 2238 title Bionic blood pressure device being developed at Vanderbilt format work accessdate 2008 10 06 ref Dubious date June 2010 Cranial nerves IX Glossopharyngeal nerve and X Vagus nerve both feed into the vasomotor centre and are themselves involved in the regulation of blood pressure. References Reflist Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon Neuroanatomy stub Category Brainstem it Centro vasomotore ... more details
dablink This article is about the structure in the medulla oblongata. For the hypothalamic structure, see Arcuate nucleus . Infobox Brain Name Arcuate nucleus medulla Latin nucleus arcuatus medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image Gray695.png Caption Transverse plane Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive. Nucleus arcuatus visible near bottom right. Image2 Gray683.png Caption2 Dissection of brain stem. Lateral view. Labels for External arcuate fibers and Dorsal external arcuate fibers visible at lower right. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 772 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12580396 In the medulla oblongata , the arcuate nucleus is a group of neuron s located on the anterior surface of the medullary pyramids. They receive fibers from the corticospinal tract and send their axons through the anterior external arcuate fibers and striae medullares to the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle . Arcuate nuclei are capable of chemosensitivity and have a proven role in controlling respiratory frequency. Additional images gallery Image Gray699.png Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers. Image Gray700.png The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive. gallery External links LoyolaMedEd Neuro frames nlBSs nl31fr.htm http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 17950558 PubMed article Rhombencephalon neuroscience stub Category Neurons ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Internal arcuate fibers Latin fibrae arcuatae internae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 782 Image Gray699.png Caption Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers. Testut. 1. Medulla oblongata anterior surface. 2. Anterior median fissure . 3. Fourth ventricle . 4. Inferior olivary nucleus , with the accessory olivary nuclei . 5. Gracile nucleus . 6. Cuneate nucleus . 7. Trigeminal . 8. Inferior peduncles , seen from in front. 9. Posterior external arcuate fibers . 10. Anterior external arcuate fibers . 11. Internal arcuate fibers. 12. Peduncle of inferior olivary nucleus . 13. Nucleus arcuatus . 14. Vagus . 15. Hypoglossal . Image2 Gray694.png Caption2 Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive . Arcuate fibers labeled at center right. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 05 DorlandsSuf 12361842 Internal arcuate fibers are the axon s of second order neuron s contained within the gracile nucleus gracile and cuneate nucleus cuneate nuclei of the medulla oblongata . These fibers cross decussate from one side of the medulla to the other to form the medial lemniscus . Part of the dorsal column medial lemniscus system second neuron , the internal arcuate fibers are important for relaying the sensation of touch fine touch and proprioception to the thalamus and ultimately to the cerebral cortex . External links BrainInfo Hier 792 http www.indiana.edu pietsch v414output07.html Photo at Indiana.edu Rhombencephalon Neural tracts Category Brainstem neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin t. olivocerebellaris GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray695.png Caption Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive. Cerebello olivary fibers visible at center right. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 801 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Olivocerebellar tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1579 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817047 The olivocerebellar tract , also known as olivocerebellar fibers , are neural fibers which originate at the olivary nucleus and pass out through the hilum anatomy hilum and decussate with those from the opposite olive in the raphe nucleus raph , then as internal arcuate fibers they pass partly through and partly around the opposite olive and enter the inferior peduncle to be distributed to the cerebellar hemisphere of the opposite side from which they arise. They terminate directly on Purkinje cells as the climbing fiber input system. ref Eccles J.C, Llinas R, and Sasaki. Excitation of cerebellar Purkinje cells by the climbing fibers. Nature 203 245 246, 1964 ref References reflist Additional images gallery Image Gray685.png Deep dissection of brain stem lateral view Image Gray753.png Deep dissection of cortex and brain stem gallery External links NeuroanatomyWisc cere text p3 olivo.htm Gray s neuroscience stub Rhombencephalon Cerebellum Neural tracts Category Nervous system ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin fibrae frontopontinae GraySubject 188 GrayPage 802 Image Gray710.png Caption Coronal section through mid brain . BR 1. Corpora quadrigemina . BR 2. Cerebral aqueduct . BR 3. Central gray stratum . BR 4. Interpeduncular space . BR 5. Sulcus lateralis . BR 6. Substantia nigra . BR 7. Red nucleus of tegmentum . BR 8. Oculomotor nerve , with 8 , its nucleus of origin. a. Lemniscus anatomy Lemniscus in blue with a the medial lemniscus and a the lateral lemniscus . b. Medial longitudinal fasciculus . c. Raph . d. Temporopontine fibers . e. Portion of medial lemniscus , which runs to the lentiform nucleus and Insular cortex insula . f. Cerebrospinal fibers . g. Frontopontine fibers. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 381 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 05 DorlandsSuf 12361970 The frontopontine fibers are situated in the medial fifth of the base of the cerebral peduncles they arise from the cells of the frontal lobe and end in the nuclei of the pons . The frontopontine tract tractus frontopontinus refers to the combination of the fibers. See also Paramedian pontine reticular formation External links http www.neuropat.dote.hu anastru test2ha.htm Diagram at neuropat.dote.hu Gray s neuroscience stub Mesencephalon Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon Category Nervous system DEFAULTSORT Frontopontine Fibers ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Temporopontine fibers Latin fibrae temporopontinae GraySubject 188 GrayPage 802 Image Gray710.png Caption Coronal section through mid brain . BR 1. Corpora quadrigemina . BR 2. Cerebral aqueduct . BR 3. Central gray stratum . BR 4. Interpeduncular space . BR 5. Sulcus lateralis . BR 6. Substantia nigra . BR 7. Red nucleus of tegmentum . BR 8. Oculomotor nerve , with 8 , its nucleus of origin. a. Lemniscus anatomy Lemniscus in blue with a the medial lemniscus and a the lateral lemniscus . b. Medial longitudinal fasciculus . c. Raph . d. Temporopontine fibers. e. Portion of medial lemniscus , which runs to the lentiform nucleus and Insular cortex insula . f. Cerebrospinal fibers . g. Frontopontine fibers . Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 384 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 05 DorlandsSuf 12362121 In the human nervous system the temporopontine fibers , a component of the corticopontine tract , are lateral to the cerebrospinal fibers they originate in the temporal lobe and end in the nuclei pontis . Gray s Mesencephalon Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon Category Nervous system neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin sulcus posterolateralis medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 768 Image Gray681.png Caption Hind and mid brains postero lateral view. Image2 Gray687.png Caption2 Section of the medulla oblongata through the lower part of the decussation of the pyramids . BR 1. Anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata Anterior median fissure . BR 2. Posterior median sulcus . BR 3. Anterior column in red , with 3 , anterior root. BR 4. Posterior column in blue , with 4 , posterior roots. BR 5. Lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus . BR 6. Posterior funiculus . BR BR The red arrow, a, a , indicates the course the lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus takes at the level of the decussation of the pyramids BR the blue arrow, b, b , indicates the course which the sensory fibers take. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 703 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 28 DorlandsSuf 12769607 The accessory, vagus , and glossopharyngeal nerve s correspond with the posterior nerve roots , and are attached to the bottom of a sulcus anatomy sulcus named the postero lateral sulcus or dorsolateral sulcus . Additional images gallery Image Human caudal brainstem posterior view description.JPG Human caudal brainstem posterior view description gallery Gray s Category Nervous system neuroscience stub Medulla and pons of rhombencephalon ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin fissura mediana anterior medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image Gray694.png Caption Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive. Anterior median fissure labeled at bottom center. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 697 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 08 DorlandsSuf 12365567 The anterior median fissure ventral or ventromedian fissure contains a fold of pia mater , and extends along the entire length of the medulla oblongata It ends at the lower border of the pons in a small triangular expansion, termed the foramen cecum medulla oblongata foramen cecum . Its lower part is interrupted by bundles of fibers that cross obliquely from one side to the other, and constitute the pyramidal decussation . Some fibers, termed the anterior external arcuate fibers , emerge from the fissure above this decussation and curve lateralward and upward over the surface of the medulla oblongata to join the inferior peduncle . Additional images gallery Image Gray679.png Medulla oblongata and pons. Anterior surface. Image Gray699.png Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers. Image Gray700.png The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive. gallery Gray s Rhombencephalon Category Brain neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Gigantocellular reticular nucleus Latin nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 727 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12581282 The gigantocellular nucleus , as the name indicates, is mainly composed of the so called giant neuronal cells. This nucleus has been known to innervate the caudal hypoglossal nucleus , and responds to glutamateric stimuli. The gigantocellular nucleus excites the hypoglossal nucleus, and can play a role in the actions of the said nerve. ref Yang, CC et al. Excitatory innervation of caudal hypoglossal nucleus from nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in the rat. Neuroscience. 1995 Mar 65 2 365 74. ref This nucleus receives connections from the periaqueductal gray , the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus , central nucleus of the amygdala , lateral hypothalamic area , and parvocellular reticular nucleus . Retrograde studies have shown that the deep mesencephalic reticular formation and oral pontine reticular nucleus project to the nucleus gigantocellularis . The dorsal rostral section of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis is also involved mediating in exhalation expiration or out breathing along with the parvocellular nucleus . References references Reticular formation Rhombencephalon It also receives inputs from the pedunculopontine nucleus. DEFAULTSORT Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus Category Medulla oblongata neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata Latin sulcus medianus posterior medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 767 Image Gray687.png Caption Section of the medulla oblongata through the lower part of the decussation of the pyramids . BR 1. Anterior median fissure of the medulla oblongata Anterior median fissure . BR 2. Posterior median sulcus . BR 3. Anterior column in red , with 3 , anterior root. BR 4. Posterior column in blue , with 4 , posterior roots. BR 5. Lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus . BR 6. Posterior funiculus . BR BR The red arrow, a, a , indicates the course the lateral cerebrospinal fasciculus takes at the level of the decussation of the pyramids BR the blue arrow, b, b , indicates the course which the sensory fibers take. Image2 Spinalcord trirev rexedlamina.svg Caption2 Spinal cord Dorsal median sulcus is s1 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 705 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 28 DorlandsSuf 12769164 The posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata or posterior median fissure or dorsal median sulcus is a narrow groove and exists only in the closed part of the medulla oblongata it becomes gradually shallower from below upward, and finally ends about the middle of the medulla oblongata, where the central canal expands into the cavity of the fourth ventricle . Gray s Rhombencephalon Category Medulla oblongata Neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Prosencephalon Forebrain Latin GraySubject 189 GrayPage 741 Image EmbryonicBrain.svg Caption Diagram depicting the main subdivisions of the embryonic vertebrate brain. These regions will later differentiate into forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain structures. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Forebrain NeuroLexID birnlex 1509 In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates , the prosencephalon or forebrain is the Anatomical terms of location Directional terms rostral most forward most portion of the brain . The prosencephalon, the mesencephalon midbrain , and rhombencephalon hindbrain are the three primary portions of the brain during early developmental biology development of the central nervous system . It controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and any display of emotions. At the five vesicle stage, the prosencephalon separates into the diencephalon prethalamus , thalamus , hypothalamus , subthalamus , epithalamus , and pretectum and the telencephalon cerebrum . The cerebrum consists of the cerebral cortex , underlying white matter , and the basal ganglia . By 5 weeks in utero, it is visible as a single portion toward the front of the fetus. At 8 weeks in utero, the prosencephalon splits into the left and right cerebral hemispheres. When the embryonic prosencephalon fails to divide the brain into two lobes, it results in a condition known as holoprosencephaly . Additional images gallery Image Gray40.png Embryo between eighteen and twenty one days. Image Gray460.png Head of chick embryo of about thirty eight hours incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26 gallery See also List of regions in the human brain External links http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Forebrain 22 NIF Search Forebrain via the Neuroscience Information Framework Nervous system Diencephalon Forebrain Category Cerebrum Category Developmental biology neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Hypoglossal nucleus Latin nucleus nervi hypoglossi GraySubject 187 GrayPage 779 Image Gray694.png Caption Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive . Hypoglossal nucleus visible top left. Image2 Gray696.svg Caption2 The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red sensory in blue. XII labeled at bottom left. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 754 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Hypoglossal nucleus NeuroLexID birnlex 2644 DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12581974 The hypoglossal nucleus is a cranial nerve nucleus , and it extends the length of the medulla oblongata medulla , and being a motor nucleus, is close to the midline. In the open medulla, it is visible as what is known as the hypoglossal trigone , a raised area medial to the vagal trigone protruding slightly into the fourth ventricle . In the closed medulla, the gracile nucleus gracile and cuneate nucleus cuneate nuclei lie posteriorly, which means the nucleus is not as close to the back of the medulla as in the open medulla. It is, however, still close to the midline. See also Hypoglossal nerve Additional images gallery Image Gray695.png Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive. Image Gray697.png Nuclei of origin of cranial motor nerves schematically represented lateral view. Image Medulla oblongata posterior very low mag.jpg Micrograph showing the hypoglossal nuclei in relation to their surrounding structures. Image Medulla oblongata posterior cn xii high mag.jpg Micrograph showing the hypoglossal nucleus. LFB stain H&E LFB stain . gallery External links BrainstemWisconsin 07CNXII UMichAtlas n2a6p2 BrainMaps Hypoglossal 20nucleus Hypoglossal nucleus http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Hypoglossal 20Nucleus 22 NIF Search Hypoglossal Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework Rhombencephalon Cranial nerves Category Neuroanatomy neuroscience stub de Nucleus nervi ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Dorsal spinocerebellar tract Latin tractus spinocerebellaris posterior, tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis GraySubject 185 GrayPage 761 Image Spinal cord tracts English.svg Caption Posterior spinocerebellar tract is labeled in blue at right. Image2 Gray672.png Caption2 Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord. Dorsal spinocerebellar fasciculus visible at center left. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Posterior spinocerebellar tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1585 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817203 The dorsal spinocerebellar tract posterior spinocerebellar tract , Flechsig s fasciculus , Flechsig s tract conveys inconscient proprioception proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum . ref Adel K. Afifi Functional Neuroanatomy pag.51 ISBN 970 10 5504 7 ref It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the ventral spinocerebellar tract . Proprioceptive information is taken to the spinal cord via central processes of dorsal root ganglia first order neurons . These central processes travel through the dorsal horn where they synapse with second order neurons of Clarke s nucleus . Axon fibers from Clarke s Nucleus convey this proprioceptive information in the spinal cord in the peripheral region of the posteriolateral funiculus ipsilaterally until it reaches the cerebellum, where unconscious proprioceptive information is processed. This tract involves two neuron s and ends up on the same side of the body. External links BrainInfo hier 804 References references Spinal cord Rhombencephalon Cerebellum Neural tracts DEFAULTSORT Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract Category Central nervous system pathways neuroscience stub fr Faisceau de Flechsig pl Droga rdzeniowo m d kowa tylna pt Trato espinocerebelar posterior ... more details
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