italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Rickettsiaprowazekii Commented out because image was deleted image Rickettsia prowazekii.jpg regnum Bacterium Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Alphaproteobacteria ordo Rickettsiales familia Rickettsiaceae genus Rickettsia species R. prowazekii binomial Rickettsiaprowazekii binomial authority da Rocha Lima, 1916 Rickettsiaprowazekii is a species of gram ... intracellular parasite Rickettsiaprowazekii, the causative agent of the disease typhus. These bacteria ... title The genome sequence of Rickettsiaprowazekii and the origin of mitochondria ref Treatment Vaccines against R. prowazekii were developed in the 1940s, and were highly effective in reducing ...?cType taxon&cId 782 title Rickettsiaprowazekii Taxon Overview publisher Virginia Bioinformatics Institute ... diseases Reference es Rickettsia prowazecki fa fr Rickettsia prowazeki it Rickettsiaprowazekii pl Rickettsiaprowazekii ... in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for R. prowazekii is the flying squirrel . R. prowazekii is often surrounded by a protein Capsule microbiology microcapsular layer and Mucus ... host, usually an arthropod , typically the human body louse . A form of R.. prowazekii that exists in the feces of arthropods remains stably infective for months. R. prowazekii also appears to be the closest ... . ref WhoNamedIt doctor 3185 Henrique da Rocha Lima ref Evolutionary History The genome of R. prowazekii provides great insight, especially to the origin of modern day mitochondria . The R. prowazekii ... mitochondria are derived from an ancestor of R. prowazekii as the result of a single endosymbiotic ... evolved through endosymbiosis , and R. prowazekii could have evolved in a similar way. It is even possible for a bacterium similar to R. prowazekii to have been the initiator of endosymbiosis ... from infection with, or by immunization against, R. prowazekii is lifelong in most cases. However ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Rickettsia phylum Proteobacteria classis Alphaproteobacteria ordo Rickettsiales familia Rickettsiaceae genus Rickettsia species typhi Rickettsia typhi is a species of the genus Rickettsia . It is the causative agent of Murine typhus . ref name pmid15317790 cite journal author McLeod MP, Qin X, Karpathy SE, et al. title Complete genome sequence of Rickettsia typhi and comparison with sequences of other rickettsiae journal J. Bacteriol. volume 186 issue 17 pages 5842 55 year 2004 month September pmid 15317790 pmc 516817 doi 10.1128 JB.186.17.5842 5855.2004 url http jb.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 15317790 ref ref name pmid16893625 cite journal author Henry KM, Jiang J, Rozmajzl PJ, Azad AF, Macaluso KR, Richards AL title Development of quantitative real time PCR assays to detect Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis , the causative agents of murine typhus and flea borne spotted fever journal Mol. Cell. Probes volume 21 issue 1 pages 17 23 year 2007 month February pmid 16893625 doi 10.1016 j.mcp.2006.06.002 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0890 8508 06 00050 8 ref The genome is similar to that of Rickettsiaprowazekii . ref name pmid16481486 cite journal author Walker DH, Yu XJ title Progress in rickettsial genome analysis from pioneering of Rickettsiaprowazekii to the recent Rickettsia typhi spread by the fleas and ticks of flying squirrels journal Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. volume 1063 issue 1 pages 13 25 year 2005 month December pmid 16481486 doi 10.1196 annals.1355.003 url http www.blackwell synergy.com openurl?genre article&sid nlm pubmed&issn 0077 8923&date 2005&volume 1063&spage 13 ref References reflist Gram negative bacterial diseases Flea borne diseases Category Rickettsiales medicine stub fr Rickettsia typhi it Rickettsia mooseri ... more details
of evolution in Rickettsia conorii and R. prowazekii journal Science volume 293 issue 5537 pages ...italic title Taxobox color lightgrey image Rickettsia conorii in Vero.gif image width 250px image caption Rickettsia conorii observed in Vero cells red rods magnification 1,000 . ref cite journal author Rovery C Brouqui P Raoult D title Questions on Mediterranean Spotted Fever a Century after Its Discovery journal Emerg Infect Dis volume 14 pages 1360 1367 year 2008 doi 10.3201 eid1409.071133 issue 9 pmid 18760001 pmc 2603122 ref domain Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Alphaproteobacteria ordo Rickettsiales familia Rickettsiaceae genus Rickettsia species R. conorii binomial Rickettsia conorii binomial authority Emile Brumpt Brumpt 1932 ref name list Cite book editor last Skerman editor first VBD editor2 last McGowan editor2 first V editor3 last Sneath editor3 first PHA publication date 1989 title Approved Lists of Bacterial Names edition amended publisher American Society for Microbiology publication place Washington, DC url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books NBK835 postscript Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it or change its value to . for the cite to end in a . , as necessary. inconsistent citations ref Rickettsia conorii is a unicellular , gram negative , Obligate intracellular parasite obligate intracellular bacterium of the genus Rickettsia that causes human disease called ... Bacteriology ,Volume 2, Part C contribution Genus I. Rickettsia da Rocha Lima 1916, 567 sup ... boutonneuse Rickettsia conorii , n. sp. chez la tique Rhipicephalus sanguineus journal C R Seances ... of Rickettsia conorii based on multi locus sequence typing and an emended description of Rickettsia ... Spacer Sequences for Multispacer Typing of Rickettsia conorii Strains journal J. Clin. Microbiol ... diseases Category Rickettsiales medicine stub es Rickettsia conorii fr Rickettsia conorii pt Rickettsia conorii tr Rickettsia conorii ... more details
Rickettsia africae is a species of Rickettsia . It can cause African tick bite fever . ref name pmid19379498 cite journal author Fournier PE, El Karkouri K, Leroy Q, et al. title Analysis of the Rickettsia africae genome reveals that virulence acquisition in Rickettsia species may be explained by genome reduction journal BMC Genomics volume 10 issue pages 166 year 2009 pmid 19379498 pmc 2694212 doi 10.1186 1471 2164 10 166 url http www.biomedcentral.com 1471 2164 10 166 ref References reflist Gram negative proteobacterial diseases Category Rickettsiales ... more details
Rickettsia japonica is a species of Rickettsia . ref name pmid19961684 cite journal author Hanaoka N, Matsutani M, Kawabata H, et al. title Diagnostic assay for Rickettsia japonica journal Emerging Infect. Dis. volume 15 issue 12 pages 1994 7 year 2009 month December pmid 19961684 doi url http www.cdc.gov eid content 15 12 1994.htm ref ref name pmid1581190 cite journal author Uchida T, Uchiyama T, Kumano K, Walker DH title Rickettsia japonica sp. nov., the etiological agent of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Japan journal Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. volume 42 issue 2 pages 303 5 year 1992 month April pmid 1581190 doi 10.1099 00207713 42 2 303 url http ijs.sgmjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 1581190 ref It can cause Japanese spotted fever . References reflist Gram negative proteobacterial diseases Category Rickettsiales ... more details
Rickettsia australis is a bacterium that causes a medical condition called Queensland tick typhus . ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages 1130 isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref The probable vectors are the tick species, Ixodes holocyclus and Ixodes tasmani . Small marsupials are suspected reservoirs of this bacterium. ref Definition Rickettsia Australis, Medilexicon http www.medilexicon.com medicaldictionary.php?t 78537 ref See also Rickettsia rickettsii References reflist Gram negative proteobacterial diseases Category Rickettsiales Dermatology stub ... more details
Rickettsia honei is a species of Rickettsia . ref name pmid9828442 cite journal author Stenos J, Roux V, Walker D, Raoult D title Rickettsia honei sp. nov., the aetiological agent of Flinders Island spotted fever in Australia journal Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. volume 48 Pt 4 issue pages 1399 404 year 1998 month October pmid 9828442 doi 10.1099 00207713 48 4 1399 url http ijs.sgmjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 9828442 ref It can cause Flinders Island spotted fever . References reflist Gram negative proteobacterial diseases Category Rickettsiales ... more details
Rickettsia sibirica is a species of Rickettsia . ref name pmid20331680 cite journal author Harrus S, Perlman Avrahami A, Mumcuoglu KY, Morick D, Baneth G title Molecular detection of Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae and Rickettsia conorii israelensis in ticks from Israel journal Clin Microbiol Infect volume 17 issue 2 pages 176 80 year 2010 month March pmid 20331680 doi 10.1111 j.1469 0691.2010.03224.x ref This bacterium is the Pathogen etiologic agent of North Asian tick typhus , which is also known as Siberian tick typhus. ref name parola cite journal author Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D title Tick Borne Rickettsioses around the World Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts journal Clinical Microbiology Reviews volume 18 pages 719 756 year 2005 doi 10.1128 CMR.18.4.719 756.2005 pmid 16223955 pmc 1265907 ref The tick s that transmit it are primarily various species of Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis . ref name eldridge citation series Medical Entomology A Textbook on Public Health and Veterinary Problems Caused by Arthropods first1 J. last1 Piesman first2 K.L. last2 Gage editor last Eldridge editor first B.F. editor2 last Edman editor2 first J.D. contribution Bacterial and Rickettsial Diseases pages 402 publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers location Dordrecht year 2004 edition 2nd isbn 1402017944 google books with page C7OxOqTKYS8C see 402 rickettsia sibirica ref References reflist Gram negative proteobacterial diseases Category Rickettsiales ... more details
italic title Taxobox domain Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Alphaproteobacteria ordo Rickettsiales familia Rickettsiaceae genus Rickettsia species R. helvetica binomial Rickettsia helvetica binomial authority Beati, Peter, Burgdorfer, Aeschlirnami & Raoult, 1993 ref cite book editor Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, George M. Garrity & James T. Staley year 2005 title The proteobacteria, Part 3 edition 2 volume 2 series Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer isbn 9780387241456 chapter Genus I. Rickettsia da Rocha Lima 1916, 567 pages 96 114 author Xue Jie Yu & David H. Walker url http books.google.co.uk books?id 9cwgo 9IyTUC&pg PA109 ref Rickettsia helvetica is a bacterium found in Dermacentor reticulatus and other tick s which has been implicated as a suspected but unconfirmed human pathogen. ref name parola2005 Cite pmid 15845235 ref ref name walker2007 Cite pmid 17582568 ref First recognized in 1979 in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Switzerland hence the designation helvetica as a new member of the spotted fever group of Rickettsia , the Rickettsia helvetica bacterium was eventually isolated in 1993. ref name beati1993 Cite pmid 8102245 ref Although R. helvetica was initially thought to be harmless in humans and many animal species, some individual case reports suggest that it may be capable of causing a non specific fever in humans. ref name parola2005 ref name walker2007 ref name dobler2009 Cite pmid 19547738 ref In 1997 a man living in eastern France seroconvert ed to Rickettsia 4 weeks after onset of an unexplained febrile illness. ref name fournier2000 Cite pmid 10905974 ref In 2010, a case report indicated that tick borne R. helvetica can also cause meningitis in humans. ref name nilsson2010 Cite pmid 20202426 ref Molecular evidence suggests that in Croatia as many as 10 of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are infected with R. helvetica . ref name dobec2009 Cite pmid 19116063 ref See also Ticks of domesti ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Rickettsia felis regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Alpha Proteobacteria ordo Rickettsiales familia Rickettsiaceae genus Rickettsia species R. felis binomial Rickettsia felis binomial authority Bouyer et al. , 2001 emend. La Scola et al. , 2002 Rickettsia felis or cat flea typhus is a species of Rickettsia that causes flea borne spotted fever in cat s. ref name RaoultParola2007 cite book author1 Didier Raoult author2 Philippe Parola title Rickettsial diseases url http books.google.com books?id BSGuWFv qf0C&pg PA87 accessdate 23 May 2010 year 2007 publisher CRC Press isbn 9780849376115 pages 87 ref The bacteria can also infect humans and cause illness. Fleas are the vector carriers of the bacteria and it has been found in cat flea populations of North and South America, Southern Europe, Thailand and Australia. The host is usually infected by flea feces coming into contact with scratched or broken skin. ref Abdu F. Azad and Charles B. Beard. Rickettsial Pathogens and their Arthropod Vectors. Vol. 4, No. 2, April June 1998. ref Australia Human cases of rickettsia felis were diagnosed in Australia in 2009, these were the first reported human infections in Australia. ref Molly Williams, Leonard Izzard, Stephen R Graves, John Stenos and Julian J Kelly. First probable Australian cases of human infection with Rickettsia felis cat flea typhus . MJA 2011 194 1 41 43.http www.mja.com.au public issues 194 01 030111 wil10168 fm.html ref The infected individuals were family members who had been exposed to flea bites from infested kittens. In this cluster an otherwise healthy nine year old girl was admitted to hospital with fever and a rash. This later worsened three days later when her lungs filled with fluid and she was admitted to intensive care. ref The Age. January 6, 2011. Julia Medew. theage.com.au http www.theage.com.au national deadly catflea disease hits australia 20110105 19g8p.html ref References reflist Gram negative proteobacterial ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Rickettsia rickettsii image Rickettsia rickettsii.jpg domain ... Rickettsiaceae genus Rickettsia species R. rickettsii binomial Rickettsia rickettsii binomial authority Brumpt, 1922 Rickettsia rickettsii abbreviated as R. rickettsii is a unicellular, gram negative ... fever group SFG of Rickettsia and is most commonly known as the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted ... are considered to be accidental hosts in the Rickettsia tick life cycle and are not required to maintain ... to the agent of typhus and tsutsugamushi fever scrub typhus , he did not regard the designation rickettsia ... agent of RMSF, despite some uncertainty about its properties, belonged in the genus Rickettsia and in 1922 proposed the name Rickettsia rickettsii . Pathogen life cycle The life cycle of Rickettsia .... Rickettsia rickettsii mostly affects canines and humans. Transmission in arthropod vectors Three ... sanguineus can acquire Rickettsia rickettsii in a number of different ways. First, an uninfected ... wood tick serve as long term reservoirs for Rickettsia rickettsii , in which the organism resides ... . Transmission in mammals An uninfected mammal can become infected with Rickettsia rickettsii ... through the bite of an infected tick. Humans acquire Rickettsia rickettsii infection from infected ... vector feces. All these modes of transmission ensures the survival of Rickettsia in nature. R. rickettsii .... In vivo versus in vitro studies In vivo studies reveal that Rickettsia rickettsii invade endothelial ... Rickettsia rickettsii genomes and related information at http patricbrc.org PATRIC , a Bioinformatics ... chel Classification.htm Rickettsia rickettsii The Cause of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever http www.textbookofbacteriology.net ... Fever http mic.sgmjournals.org cgi reprint 140 11 2941.pdf Differential activity of Rickettsia ... diseases Category Rickettsiales Category Zoonoses Category Gram negative bacteria es Rickettsia rickettsii fr Rickettsia rickettsii pt Rickettsia rickettsii ru Rickettsia rickettsii zh ... more details
Taxobox color lightgrey name Rickettsia akari domain Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Alphaproteobacteria ordo Rickettsiales familia Rickettsiaceae genus Rickettsia species R. acari binomial Rickettsia acari italictitle Rickettsia akari is a species of Rickettsia which causes rickettsialpox . ref DorlandsDict seven 000093181 rickettsialpox ref ref name urlRickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella and Bartonella cite web url http pathmicro.med.sc.edu mayer ricketsia.htm title Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Coxiella and Bartonella format work accessdate ref After a 1946 outbreak of a rickettsial type disease at an apartment complex in Kew Gardens, Queens , an investigation was performed to identify the source of the infections. The incinerators in the buildings were not operated on a daily basis, leading to a buildup in food waste and attracting mice that were rampant throughout the building. The Mus musculus mice were found to be carrying mite s, identified as the house mouse mite, Allodermanyssus sanguineus . Self trained entomologist Charles Pomerantz asked permission to search the site and found the mites at various sites throughout the building, with blood engorged mites found near chutes leading to the incinerator. The mites were collected and brought to a laboratory of the United States Public Health Service , which found in the mites an organism that had also been isolated from the mice, and from the blood of individuals infected with the disease. ref name AJPH Greenberg, Morris Pellitteri, Ottavio J. and Jellison, William L. http www.ajph.org cgi reprint 37 7 860.pdf Rickettsialpox A Newly Recognized Rickettsial Disease , American Journal of Public Health , July 1947. Accessed July 25, 2009. ref The organism was given its name by physician Robert Huebner , one of the scientists who had tracked down the source of the original 1946 epidemic the akari portion of the bacteria s name represents the Greek language Greek word for mite . ref name NIHBio Beeman, Edward A. http history.nih.gov ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Rickettsia rpsL leader image Rickettsia rpsL leader.png width caption Conserved secondary structure of Rickettsia rpsL leader showing the fraction of canonical base pairs Symbol rpsL ricks Rfam RF01774 RNA type Gene cis reg Tax domain Rickettsia DISPLAYTITLE Rickettsia rpsL leader The Rickettsia rpsL leader is a putative attenuator element identified by bioinformatics within bacteria of the proteobacterial Rickettsia genus. ref name Nav10 cite journal last Naville first M coauthors Gautheret, D title Premature terminator analysis sheds light on a hidden world of bacterial transcriptional attenuation. journal Genome Biology year 2010 volume 11 issue 9 pages R97 pmid 20920266 accessdate 21 July 2011 doi 10.1186 gb 2010 11 9 r97 pmc 2965389 ref It is located upstream of the operon encoding ribosomal protein s S12 and S7 rpsL and rpsG genes respectively , and presents a intrinsic termination Rho independent terminator at the 3 end. This RNA is presumed to operate as a non coding ribosomal protein leader potentially interacting with the S12 or S7 proteins, encoded by the operon. The motif might be related to other rpsL leaders, such as that from Pseudomonas rpsL leader Pseudomonas . ref name Nav10 References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF01774 name Rickettsia rpsL leader Category Cis regulatory RNA elements ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 A 77 8 a 75 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection is a condition characterized by a rash of maculopapular maculopapules . ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages 1130 isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref See also Tick borne lymphadenopathy American tick bite fever List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Dermatology stub Gram negative proteobacterial diseases Category Bacterium related cutaneous conditions Category Rickettsioses ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Brill Zinsser disease Image Caption DiseasesDB 32208 ICD10 ICD10 A 75 1 a 75 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Brill Zinsser disease is a delayed relapse of epidemic typhus , caused by Rickettsia prowazekii . After a patient contracts epidemic typhus from the bite of an infected louse Pediculus humanus , the rickettsia can remain latent and reactivate months or years later, with symptoms similar to or even identical to the original attack of typhus, including a maculopapular rash . ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages 1130 isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref This reactivation event can be transmitted by louse bites, and form the focus for a new epidemic of typhus. See also Tick borne lymphadenopathy List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Gram negative proteobacterial diseases Category Bacterium related cutaneous conditions Category Rickettsioses Dermatology stub hu Brill Zinsser betegs g nl Ziekte van Brill Zinsser ru ... more details
Cleanup date July 2009 The Weil Felix test is an agglutination test for the diagnosis of rickettsia l infections . It was first described in 1916. By virtue of its long history and of its simplicity, it has been one of the most widely employed tests for rickettsia on a global scale, despite being superseded in many settings by more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. History and basis for test The basis of the test is the presence of antigenic cross reactivity between Rickettsia spp. and certain serotypes of non motile Proteus bacterium Proteus spp., a phenomenon first published by Edmund Weil and Arthur Felix in 1916. ref Cruikshank, R. The Weil Felix reaction in typhus fever. 1927. J Hyg Lond 27 1 64 69. ref The serum of patients diagnosed with epidemic typhus was found to agglutinate in the presence of bacteria now known as Proteus vulgaris . Ensuing work elucidated that it was in fact the somatic O antigen that cross reacted with anti rickettsial antibodies, and furthermore, that different Proteus O antigens would cross react with different species of Rickettsia . Typhus group rickettsiae Rickettsiaprowazekii , Rickettsia typhi R. typhi react with P. vulgaris OX19, and scrub typhus Orientia tsutsugamushi reacts with Proteus mirabilis P. mirabilis OXK. The spotted fever group rickettsiae Rickettsia rickettsii R. rickettsii , Rickettsia africae R. africae , Rickettsia japonica R. japonica , etc. react with P. vulgaris OX2 and OX19, to varying degrees, depending on the species. ref Walker, DH and DH Bouyer. Rickettsia and Orientia . In Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 9th Edition. 2007. ASM Press Washington, DC. p. 1042 ref The Weil Felix test suffers from poor sensitivity and specificity , with a recent study showing an overall sensitivity as low as 33 and specificity of 46 . ref Kularatne, SAM and IB Gawarammana. Validity of the Weil Felix test in the diagnosis of acute rickettsial infections in Sri Lanka. 2009. T Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 103 423 424. ref Other ... more details
Flying squirrel typhus is a condition characterized by a rash of early macule s, and, later, maculopapules. ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages 1130 isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref The flying squirrel Glaucomys volans can transmit epidemic typhus . ref cite journal author Bechah Y, Capo C, Mege JL, Raoult D title Epidemic typhus journal Lancet Infect Dis volume 8 issue 7 pages 417 26 year 2008 month July pmid 18582834 doi 10.1016 S1473 3099 08 70150 6 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S1473 3099 08 70150 6 ref Apart from humans, flying squirrels are the only currently known reservoir for Rickettsia prowazekii . ref cite journal author Reynolds MG, Krebs JS, Comer JA, et al. title Flying squirrel associated typhus, United States journal Emerging Infect. Dis. volume 9 issue 10 pages 1341 3 year 2003 month October pmid 14609478 pmc 3033063 url http www.cdc.gov ncidod eid vol9no10 03 0278.htm ref See also Brill Zinsser disease List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Gram negative proteobacterial diseases Dermatology stub Category Bacterium related cutaneous conditions Category Rickettsioses ... more details
File Transovarian and Transstadial Transmission.jpg thumb 250px Transovarial and transstadial transmission of the Ixodes tick Transovarial or transovarian transmission occurs in certain arthropod Vector epidemiology vector s as they transmit disease causing bacteria from parent arthropod to offspring arthropod. For instance, Rickettsia rickettsii , carried within tick s, is passed on from parent to offspring tick by transovarial transmission. In contrast, Rickettsia prowazekii is not passed on by transovarian transmission because it kills the vector that carries it human louse . This is the mechanism by which many Rickettsiae are maintained in their arthropod hosts through generations.which occurs also in aedes mosquito vector of the yellow fever virus and in Phlebotominae phlebotomine sandflies that transmit pappataci fever ref name Tesh1984 Cite book last Tesh first R.B. year 1984 chapter Transovarial transmission of arboviruses in their invertebrate vectors title Current topics in vector research editor K.F. Harris series volume 2 issue edition location pages 57 76 doi url http lrs.afpmb.org ZM6R23QM62EWTR03N7EWQEMR arc al 06 tit fetch 4 129272 isbn 027591433X ref . Richard Dawkins in The Extended Phenotype page 222 1999 edition notes that bacterial endosymbionts of insects which are transmitted transovarially share an interest in the success of their host s gametes.....as well as the survival of their host s body. In this case, the interest of the host genes and parasite genes might not be quite identical, but they would..... be very much closer than the case of fluke and snail. where host and parasite have different means of propagation into the next generation, and therefore more divergent interests. Contrast with transstadial transmission . References Murray, Patrick R. Rosenthal, Ken S. Pfaller, Michael A. Medical Microbiology, Fifth Edition. United States Elsevier Mosby, 2005 Notes Reflist Biology stub Category Parasitology Category Epidemiology ... more details
Distinguish typhoid vaccine Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 365989659 image Vacine data type vaccine target Typhus vaccine type inactivated Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite changed chemspider ChemSpiderID NA CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number ATC prefix J07 ATC suffix AR01 PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data Typhus vaccine is a vaccine used against typhus . ref name pmid17375000 cite journal author Chattopadhyay S, Richards AL title Scrub typhus vaccines past history and recent developments journal Hum Vaccin volume 3 issue 3 pages 73 80 year 2007 pmid 17375000 doi url http www.landesbioscience.com journals hv abstract.php?id 4009 ref ref name pmid16481526 cite journal author Xu G, Chattopadhyay S, Jiang J, et al. title Short and long term immune responses of CD 1 outbred mice to the scrub typhus DNA vaccine candidate p47Kp journal Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. volume 1063 issue pages 266 9 year 2005 month December pmid 16481526 doi 10.1196 annals.1355.043 url http www3.interscience.wiley.com resolve openurl?genre article&sid nlm pubmed&issn 0077 8923&date 2005&volume 1063&spage 266 ref One version of the vaccine consists of formaldehyde inactivated Rickettsia prowazekii. Two doses are injected subcutaneously four weeks apart. Booster doses are required every six to twelve months. References reflist Vaccines Category Vaccines vaccine stub ... more details
Biosecurity in the United States Agents of concern The following agents are deemed a biosecurity concern by the US Government through the Select agent list. The list is divided between agents that can infect only humans, zoonotic agents which can infect both humans and animals , agents that can only infect animals, and agents that can infect only plants. Human agents HHS SELECT AGENTS AND TOXINS Abrin Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 Herpes B Virus Coccidioides posadasii Conotoxins Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus Diacetoxyscirpenol Ebola virus Lassa fever virus Marburg virus Monkeypox virus Reconstructed replication competent forms of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus containing any portion of the coding regions of all eight gene segments Reconstructed Spanish flu 1918 Influenza virus Ricin Rickettsia prowazekii Rickettsia rickettsii Saxitoxin Shiga toxins Shiga like ribosome inactivating proteins South American Haemorrhagic Fever viruses Flexal Virus Guanarito virus Junin virus Machupo Brazilian hemorrhagic fever Sabia Tetrodotoxin Tick borne encephalitis complex flavi viruses Tick borne meningoencephalitis Central European Tick borne encephalitis Tick borne meningoencephalitis Far Eastern Tick borne encephalitis Kyasanur Forest disease Omsk hemorrhagic fever Russian spring summer encephalitis Variola major virus Smallpox virus and Variola minor virus Alastrim Yersinia pestis Zoonotic agents OVERLAP SELECT AGENTS AND TOXINS Bacillus anthracis Botulinum toxin Botulinum neurotoxin Botulinum toxin Botulinum neurotoxin producing species of Clostridium Brucella abortus Brucella melitensis Brucella suis Burkholderia mallei formerly Pseudomonas mallei Burkholderia pseudomallei formerly Pseudomonas pseudomallei Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin Coccidioides immitis Coxiella burnetii Eastern equine encephalitis virus Francisella tularensis Hendra virus Nipah virus Rift Valley fever virus Shiga toxin Staphylococcal enterotoxins T 2 toxin Venezuelan equine encephalitis ... more details
Expand Polish Stanislaus von Prowazek date January 2011 Image Prowazek.JPG thumb Stanislaus von Prowazek. Stanislaus Josef Mathias von Prowazek, Edler von Lanow 12 November, 1875 Jind ich v Hradec , Bohemia 17 February, 1915, Cottbus , born Stanislav Prov zek , was a Czech zoologist and parasitology parasitologist , who along with pathologist Henrique da Rocha Lima discovered the pathogen of epidemic typhus . Prowazek had studied epidemic typhus in Serbia 1913 and Istanbul 1914 . Later, while Prowazek and Rocha Lima were working in a German prison hospital, they both became infected with typhus. Prowazek died soon after on February 17, 1915. Rocha Lima named the infectious agent of epidemic typhus Rickettsia prowazekii after his colleague. With radiologist Ludwig Halberst dter 1876 1949 , he described the inclusion bodies Halberst dter Prowazek bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis , the agent that is the cause of trachoma . ref http www.whonamedit.com doctor.cfm 3227.html Stanislaus von Prowazek Who Named It ref Written Works ber Zelleinschl sse parasit rer Natur beim Trachom . Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte, Berlin, 1907, 26 44 47. with Ludwig Halberst dter. Zur Aetiologie des Trachoms . Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, August 1907, 33 1285.1287. with Ludwig Halberst dter. ref http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 3980.html Halberst dter Prowazek bodies Who Named It ref Einf hrung in die Physiologie der Einzelligen 1910 Zur Kenntnis der Giemsaf rbung vom Standpunkt der Zytologie . 1914. http nbn resolving.de urn nbn de hbz 061 1 20484 digital in german Handbuch der pathogenen Protozoen 1912 References http www.whonamedit.com doctor.cfm 3185.html Who Named It? biography of Henrique da Rocha Lima reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Prowazek, Stanislaus von ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 12 November 1875 PLACE OF BIRTH Jind ich v Hradec DATE OF DEATH 17 February 1915 PLACE OF DEATH Cottbus DEFAULTSORT Prowazek, Stan ... more details
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