For the commune in the Oise d partement Rocquencourt, Oise Infobox French commune name Rocquencourt image Rocquencourt 78 Mairie.JPG caption Town hall region le de France department Yvelines arrondissement Versailles canton Le Chesnay INSEE 78524 postal code 78150 mayor Hubert Chesnot term 2008&ndash 2013 intercommunality Grand Parc longitude 2.1117 latitude 48.8369 elevation m 150 elevation min m 114 elevation max m 179 area km2 2.78 population 3333 population date 2006 Rocquencourt is a Communes of France commune in the Yvelines Departments of France department in the le de France region le de France in north central France . It is mostly known for hosting a research unit of INRIA in the Domaine de Voluceau, formerly Camp Voluceau, used by Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe SHAPE having a freeway exchange known as the Rocquencourt Triangle triangle de Rocquencourt , often heard about in traffic news. History On 1 July 1815, Napoleon I of France Napoleon s Grande Arm e fought its last battle in Rocquencourt and Le Chesnay . After the defeat of Battle of Waterloo Waterloo on 18 June 1815, Emmanuel, marquis de Grouchy Grouchy s army withdrew to Paris via Namur city Namur and Dinant ... fire at the entrance of Rocquencourt and attempted to escape through the fields. They were forced into a small ... of Rocquencourt . Points of interest Arboretum de Ch vreloup See also Communes of the Yvelines ... category Rocquencourt Yvelines http www.mairie rocquencourt.fr Rocquencourt city council website in French Yvelines communes Category Communes of Yvelines Yvelines geo stub ca Rocquencourt Yvelines ceb Rocquencourt es Rocquencourt Yvelines eu Rocquencourt Yvelines fr Rocquencourt Yvelines it Rocquencourt Yvelines mg Rocquencourt ms Rocquencourt nl Rocquencourt Yvelines oc Rocquencourt Yvelines pl Rocquencourt Yvelines pt Rocquencourt Yvelines sk Rocquencourt Yvelines uk vi Rocquencourt, Yvelines vo Rocquencourt Yvelines war Rocquencourt ... more details
Infobox French commune name Rocquencourt region Picardie department Oise d partement Oise arrondissement Arrondissement of Clermont canton Canton of Breteuil INSEE 60544 postal code 60120 mayor Christian Boitel, Agriculteur term 2001&ndash 2008 intercommunality Communaut de communes des Vall es de la Br che et de la Noye longitude 2.4183 latitude 49.65 elevation m 129 elevation min m 81 elevation max m 151 area km2 9.81 population 161 population date 1 999 Rocquencourt, Oise is a small village in northern France . It is designated municipally as a Communes of France commune within the Departments of France d partement of Oise . See also Communes of the Oise department References http www.insee.fr en home home page.asp INSEE Oise communes Category Communes of Oise Oise geo stub ca Rocquencourt Oise ceb Rocquencourt, Oise es Rocquencourt Oise eu Rocquencourt Oise fr Rocquencourt Oise id Rocquencourt, Oise it Rocquencourt Oise mg Rocquencourt Oise ms Rocquencourt, Oise nl Rocquencourt Oise oc Rocquencourt pl Rocquencourt Oise pt Rocquencourt Oise sk Rocquencourt Oise uk vi Rocquencourt, Oise vo Rocquencourt Oise war Rocquencourt, Oise ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict conflict Battle of Rocquencourt partof the Napoleonic Wars Napoleonic Wars Seventh Coalition 1815 Seventh Coalition 1815 image file Rocquencourt Plaque comm morative bataille du 1er juillet 1815.JPG 300px caption Commemorative plaque. date 1 July 1815 place Rocquencourt Le Chesnay , France result French victory combatant1 flagicon France First French Empire combatant2 flagicon Prussia 1803 Kingdom of Prussia commander1 flagicon France R mi Joseph Isidore Exelmans commander2 flagicon Prussia 1803 Eston von Sohr strength1 strength2 casualties1 casualties2 Campaignbox Waterloo The Battle of Rocquencourt was a cavalry skirmish fought on 1 July 1815 in and around the villages of Rocquencourt and Le Chesnay . French dragoons supported by infantry and commanded by General R mi Joseph Isidore Exelmans Exelmans destroyed a Prussian brigade of hussars under the command of Colonel Eston von Sohr who was severely wounded and taken prisoner during the skirmish . While Marshal Louis Nicolas Davout Davout negotiated a final armistice with Field Marshal s Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Wellington commander of the Anglo Dutch army and Gebhard Leberecht von Bl cher Bl cher commander of Prussian army , he ordered R mi Joseph Isidore Exelmans Exelmans to attack the Prussians at Versailles on 1 July 1815 to slow the Prussian advance and probably to show the coalition ... Germain en Laye . Their first squadron came under fire at the entrance of Rocquencourt and attempted .... ref http www.crwflags.com fotw flags fr 78 ro.html Presentation of Rocquencourt ref References references coord missing France Category Conflicts in 1815 Category Battles of the Napoleonic Wars Rocquencourt Category Battles involving France Rocquencourt Category Battles involving Prussia Rocquencourt Category 1815 in France Waterloo Campaign France battle stub euro mil stub de Schlacht von Rocquencourt fr Bataille de Rocquencourt ro B t lia de la Rocquencourt ... more details
Eston van Sohr was a Colonel of a brigade of Kingdom of Prussia Prussian hussar s during the Battle of Rocquencourt . Van Sohr was severely wounded while trapped in Le Chesnay , and surrendered to the First French Empire French forces. References cite web url http www.crwflags.com fotw flags fr 78 ro.html title Presentation of Rocquencourt first Ivan last Sache date 27 June 2005 publisher CRW Flags Germany mil bio stub Category Prussian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars ... more details
citation style date July 2011 Infobox Military Conflict conflict Battle of Issy partof the Napoleonic Wars Napoleonic Wars Seventh Coalition 1815 Seventh Coalition 1815 image caption date 3 July 1815 place Issy , France result Prussian victory combatant1 flagicon France First French Empire combatant2 flagicon Prussia 1803 Kingdom of Prussia commander1 flagicon France General Dominique Vandamme Vandamme commander2 flagicon Prussia 1803 General Hans Ernst Karl, Graf von Zieten Zieten strength1 strength2 casualties1 casualties2 Campaignbox Waterloo The Battle of Issy was a skirmish fought on 3 July 1815 at the village of Issy , a short distance south west of Paris. The result was a victory for Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Bl cher over a French army defending Paris. Prelude After the French defeat at the Battle of Waterloo , the armies of the Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Duke of Wellington and Blucher and other Seventh Coalition forces advanced upon Paris. Although a Prussian brigade was defeated in a Battle of Rocquencourt skirmish at Rocquencourt near Versailles, the movement of the Prussians to the right was not checked. The Prussian I Corps under the command of General Hans Ernst Karl, Graf von Zieten Zieten advanced on the 2 July towards the heights of Meudon and Ghatillon and fought a sharp battle for the possession of S vres, Moulineaux, and Issy. ref Gleig, George Robert 1847 . Story of the Battle of Waterloo , Harper & Brothers. http books.google.co.uk books?id 9ToQAAAAYAAJ&pg PA302 PPA301,M1 p.301 ref ref William Siborne Siborne, William 1894 . Waterloo Campaign 1815 , Fourth Edition, Birmingham, 34 Wheeleys Road. http books.google.co.uk books?id WIaa967vOTcC&pg PA521 PPA501,M1 p. 501 ref Battle On the 3 July Dominique Vandamme Vandamme led out two strong columns of infantry, supported by cavalry and a formidable train of artillery, and seemed bent on retaking the ground which had been lost on the previous day. For though the French greatly ... more details
Infobox Paris metro Pic File Exelmans station Paris Metro .JPG 275px Name Exelmans Day 8 November Year 1922 Access Municipality the 16th arrondissement of Paris Zone 1 Next Paris Metro next 9 Porte de Saint Cloud Michel Ange Molitor X 39 Y 110 Exelmans is a metro station station on Paris M tro Line 9 line 9 of the Paris M tro on the Boulevard Exelmans . The station opened on 8 November 1922 with the opening of the first section of the line from Trocad ro Paris M tro Trocad ro . R mi Joseph Isidore Exelmans Exelmans 1775 1852 was a General of Napoleon I of France Napoleon s Cavalry. He was captured by Spanish guerrillas in 1811, but managed to escape from a boat in the English Channel while being taken to England. He was distinguished at the battle of Rocquencourt , the last battle of Napoleon I of France Napoleon s Grande Arm e on 1 July 1815. He received the Grand Cross of the L gion d honneur in 1850 and was made a Marshal of France in 1851. commons category Exelmans Paris Metro References Roland, G rard 2003 . Stations de m tro. D Abbesses Wagram. ditions Bonneton. Paris Metro line 9 coord 48.842405 N 2.259549 E region FR type landmark scale 2000 source frwiki display title format dms DEFAULTSORT Exelmans Paris Metro Category Railway stations opened in 1922 cs Exelmans stanice metra v Pa i de Exelmans M tro Paris es Estaci n de Exelmans fr Exelmans m tro de Paris it Exelmans metropolitana di Parigi nl Exelmans metrostation no Exelmans Paris Metro pl Exelmans ... more details
Correct title title Polyphonic C reason hash Infobox programming language name Polyphonic C logo paradigm Multi paradigm programming language multi paradigm Structured programming structured , Imperative programming imperative , Object oriented programming object oriented , Event driven programming event driven , functional programming functional , concurrent programming concurrent year 2002 designer Nick Benton , Luca Cardelli , C dric Fournet developer Microsoft Research latest release version X.Y.Z release date mf yes YYYY MM DD latest release date 2004 typing Type system Static and dynamic typing static , Type system Strong and weak typing strong , Type system Safely and unsafely typed systems safe , Nominative type system nominative implementations dialects influenced by C Sharp programming language C , Join calculus influenced C operating system license website http research.microsoft.com nick polyphony Polyphonic C Homepage file ext Polyphonic C is an extension of the C Sharp programming language C programming language. It includes a new concurrent computing concurrency model in which object computer science object s can have both synchronous and asynchronous method computer science method s. The language is being developed by Nick Benton , Luca Cardelli and C dric Fournet at Microsoft Research . Polyphonic C is based on the join calculus developed at INRIA INRIA Rocquencourt by C dric Fournet et al. Polyphonic C has been integrated with C . See also Join Java , A Java equivalent of Polyphonic C C Sharp programming language C C External links http research.microsoft.com nick polyphony Polyphonic C Homepage http join.inria.fr The join calculus Compu lang stub Microsoft Research Category C Sharp programming language family Category C programming language family Category Microsoft Research ... more details
Infobox software name Le Lisp screenshot File Aida Le Lisp on Windows.jpg thumb 150px A da running on top of Le Lisp Windows version caption A da running on top of Le Lisp Windows version author INRIA released start date and age 1981 latest release version 15.26.8 latest release date start date and age 2009 01 04 operating system Windows, Linux, MacOS, Solaris, HP UX, AIX platform x86, Sparc, PowerPC, Mips, Alpha programming language C programming language C , LLM3, and Le Lisp genre Compiler , run time system runtime license Proprietary license website Le Lisp ref cite web url http hal.inria.fr docs 00 07 01 29 PDF RT 0027.pdf title LE LISP 80 version 12 year 1983 author J r me Chailloux publisher INRIA accessdate 16 March 2012 ref ref cite web url http hal.inria.fr docs 00 07 62 38 PDF RR 0319.pdf title Le Lisp,a portable and efficient Lisp system year 1984 author J. Chailloux, M. Devin, J.M. Hullot publisher INRIA accessdate 16 March 2012 ref ref cite book last Chailloux first J r me title Le Lisp de l INRIA Le Manuel de r f rence. Version 14 location Rocquencourt France publisher INRIA year 2001 pages 190 month Novembre ref is a Lisp programming language Lisp dialect. It was designed by J r me Chailloux and Emmanuel St. James of INRIA . References Reflist External links Eligis official website http www.eligis.com lelisp for x86 processors http www.softwarepreservation.org projects LISP le lisp Le Lisp at Computer History Museum s Software Preservation Group FOLDOC Category Lisp programming language family Category Lisp programming language compu lang stub ... more details
Jean Charles Faug re is the head of the SALSA team Solvers for ALgebraic Systems and Applications of the Laboratoire d Informatique de Paris 6 Lip6 and Inria Paris Rocquencourt. The team was formerly known as SPIRAL. He works on Gr bner basis Gr bner bases and their applications, in particular, in cryptology . He is, among others, one of the designers of the FGLM algorithm ref cite journal url http www salsa.lip6.fr jcf Papers FGLM.pdf author J.C. Faug re, P. Gianni, D. Lazard, T. Mora title Efficient Computation of Zero dimensional Gr bner Bases by Change of Ordering journal Journal of Symbolic Computation volume 16 issue 4 pages 329 344 year 1993 doi 10.1006 jsco.1993.1051 ref and the designer of Faug re s F4 and F5 algorithms F4 and F5 algorithms . ref cite journal url http www salsa.lip6.fr jcf Papers F99a.pdf author J. C. Faug re title A new efficient algorithm for computing Gr bner bases F4 journal Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra volume 139 issue 1 3 pages 61 88 year 1999 doi 10.1016 S0022 4049 99 00005 5 ref ref cite book url http www salsa.lip6.fr jcf Papers F02a.pdf author J. C. Faug re chapter A new efficient algorithm for computing Gr bner bases without reduction to zero F5 title Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation ISSAC 2002 pages 75 83 place New York, NY, USA year 2002 publisher ACM doi 10.1145 780506.780516 ref Notes reflist External links http www spiral.lip6.fr index.php The old SPIRAL web site http www salsa.lip6.fr The SALSA web site http www salsa.lip6.fr jcf Jean Charles Faug re s page about Gr bner bases Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Faugere, Jean Charles ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Faugere, Jean Charles Category Living people Category French mathematicians France mathematician stub ... more details
Image INRIA LOGO Corp.png thumb INRIA Logo NOTOC The National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control lang fr Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique , INRIA is a France French national research institution focusing on computer science , control theory and applied mathematics . It was created in 1967 at Rocquencourt near Paris , part of Plan Calcul . Its first site was the historical premises of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe SHAPE central command of NATO military forces . INRIA is a Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment EPST under the double supervision of the French Minister of National Education France Ministry of National Education, Advanced Instruction and Research and the Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industry . Administrative status INRIA has 8 research centers and also contributes to academic research teams outside of those centers. Before December 2007, the three centers of Bordeaux, Lille and Saclay formed a single research center called INRIA Futurs. In October 2010, INRIA, with Pierre and Marie Curie University and Paris Diderot University started IRILL , a center for innovation and research initiative for free software. INRIA employs 3800 people. Among them are 1300 researchers, 1000 Ph.D. students and 500 postdoctorates. Research in Computer Science INRIA does both Theoretical computer science theoretical and applied research in computer science. In the process, it has produced many widely used programs, such as Caml CaML , a language from the ML programming language ML family Caml Light and OCaml implementations Bigloo , a Scheme programming language Scheme implementation Coq , a theorem prover CADP , a tool box for the verification of asynchronous concurrent systems Graphite , a research platform for computer graphics, 3D modeling and numerical geometry SmartEiffel , a free Eiffel compiler Scilab , a numerical computation software package Esterel , a programming language for State ... more details
File Andrew Apple FloC 2006 .jpg thumb Andrew Appel at FLoC 2006. Andrew Wilson Appel b.1960 is the Eugene Higgins Professor of computer science at Princeton University , New Jersey . He is especially well known because of his compiler books, the Modern Compiler Implementation in ML ISBN 0 521 58274 1 series, as well as Compiling With Continuations ISBN 0 521 41695 7 . He is also a major contributor to the Standard ML of New Jersey compiler, along with David MacQueen , John H. Reppy , Matthias Blume and others ref http www.smlnj.org people.html SML NJ Team Bot generated title ref and one of the authors of Rog O Matic . Appel gained an A.B. Latin honors summa cum laude physics at Princeton University in 1981, and a Ph.D. computer science at Carnegie Mellon University , in 1985. He became an Association for Computing Machinery Fellows ACM Fellow in 1998. ref http fellows.acm.org fellow citation.cfm?id 2115301&srt all ACM Fellows Award Andrew W Appel Bot generated title ref From July 2005 to July 2006, he was a visiting researcher at the institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique INRIA , Rocquencourt , France , on sabbatical from Princeton. Andrew Appel campaigns on issues related to the interaction of law and computer technology. He testified in the penalty phase of the United States v. Microsoft Microsoft antitrust case in 2002. ref Citation last first author link last2 first2 author2 link title TECHNOLOGY Threat Is Seen to Microsoft Windows newspaper The New York Times pages date May 2, 2007 url http select.nytimes.com gst abstract.html?res F4081FF63E550C718CDDAC0894DA404482 ref He is opposed to the introduction of some computerized voting machine s, which he deemed untrustworthy. ref http www.cs.princeton.edu appel papers urne.pdf ref In 2007, he received attention when he purchased a number of voting machines for the purpose of investigating their security. ref Citation last Jon ... more details
French arrondissement nomarr Arrondissement of Versailles r g le de France region le de France d pt Yvelines nbca 10 nbco 19 cheflieu Pr fecture town Versailles pop 347,496 year 1999 hect km 165 dens 2106 image map D partement des Yvelines Arrondissement de Versailles.PNG map caption Location of Versailles in le de France The arrondissement of Versailles is an Arrondissements of France arrondissement of France, located in the Yvelines Departments of France d partement , in the le de France region le de France Regions of France r gion . It has 10 Cantons of France cantons and 19 Communes of France communes . Composition Cantons The cantons of the arrondissement of Versailles are Canton of Le Chesnay Le Chesnay Canton of Montigny le Bretonneux Montigny le Bretonneux Canton of Plaisir Plaisir Canton of Saint Cyr l cole Saint Cyr l cole Canton of Trappes Trappes Canton of V lizy Villacoublay V lizy Villacoublay Canton of Versailles Nord Versailles Nord Canton of Versailles Nord Ouest Versailles Nord Ouest Canton of Versailles Sud Versailles Sud Canton of Viroflay Viroflay Communes The communes of the arrondissement of Versailles, and their INSEE code s, are class wikitable 1. Bois d Arcy, Yvelines Bois d Arcy small 78073 small 2. Buc, Yvelines Buc small 78117 small 3. Ch teaufort, Yvelines Ch teaufort small 78143 small 4. Fontenay le Fleury small 78242 small 5. Guyancourt small 78297 small 6. Jouy en Josas small 78322 small 7. Le Chesnay small 78158 small 8. Les Clayes sous Bois small 78165 small 9. Les Loges en Josas small 78343 small 10. Montigny le Bretonneux small 78423 small 11. Plaisir, Yvelines Plaisir small 78490 small 12. Rocquencourt small 78524 small 13. Saint Cyr l cole small 78545 small 14. Thiverval Grignon small 78615 small 15. Toussus le Noble small 78620 small 16. Trappes small 78621 small 17. Versailles small 78646 small 18. Viroflay small 78686 small 19. V lizy Villacoublay small 78640 small External links http www.insee.fr fr nom def met nome ... more details
BLP sources date May 2007 Image Strothotte.jpg thumb right 300px Thomas Strothotte in Rector s office at University of Rostock, 2007 Thomas Strothotte is a Canadian computer scientist and university administrator living in Germany. He is the Rector of the University of Regensburg in Bavaria . Strothotte was born in 1959 in Regina, Canada and raised in Vancouver. His first degrees were taken at Simon Fraser University a B.Sc. in Physics 1980 and an M.Sc. in Computer Science 1981 . His further graduate work was done in Computer Science at the University of Stuttgart , McGill University in Montr al Qu bec and the University of Waterloo Ontario, leading to a Ph.D. in 1984. After a year as a Postdoctoral Fellow at INRIA Rocquencourt near Paris, he went to the University of Stuttgart as an Assistant Professor in 1985, earning a D.Sc. habil degree in Computer Science in 1989. From 1989 to 1990 he was a visiting scientist at the IBM Scientific Center in Heidelberg, working in the Software Ergonomics Department. From there he went to the Free University of Berlin in 1990 as a Professor of Computer Science. He moved on to the University of Magdeburg in Germany in 1993, where he was the head of the Computer Graphics and Interactive Systems Laboratory. He was the Dean of his Faculty from 1994 to 1996 and again later on from 2005 to 2006. From April, 1996 until September, 1998 he was a Vice President Academic Planning and Budget Development of the University, from July until September, 1998 he was also President pro tem of the University. He was also the initiator and one of the scientific responsibles for the new degree programme in Computational Visualistics. From March, 2001 to December 2002 he served as the Director of IT for the government of the State of Saxony Anhalt . From October, 2006 until December, 2008 he was the Rector of the University of Rostock . ref http www.nnn.de artikel article strothottes letzter tag im uni rektorat.html?cHash 7dac66fa9f&no cache 1&sword li ... more details
other uses2 syntax Infobox software name SYNTAX title SYNTAX logo File screenshot File caption collapsible author developer INRIA released Start date YYYY MM DD df yes no discontinued latest release version latest release date Start date and age YYYY MM DD df yes no latest preview version latest preview date Start date and age YYYY MM DD df yes no frequently updated DO NOT include this parameter unless you know what it does programming language operating system platform size language status genre Generator license CeCILL website URL http syntax.gforge.inria.fr In computer science , SYNTAX is a system used to generate lexical analysis lexical and syntactic analyzers parser s both deterministic and non deterministic for all kind of context free grammar s CFG as well as some classes of contextual grammars. citation needed date January 2012 It is developed at INRIA France for several decades, mostly by Pierre Boullier, but has become free software since 2007 only. SYNTAX is distributed under the CeCILL license. citation needed date January 2012 Context free parsing SYNTAX handles most classes of deterministic unambiguous grammars LR parser LR , LALR parser LALR , RLR as well as general context free grammars. The deterministic version has been used in operational contexts e.g., Ada programming language Ada ref The first tool translator for the ADA language has been developed with SYNTAX by Pierre Boullier and others, as recalled in this http archive.adaic.com standards 83lrm html lrm FORE.html page on the history of ADA . See also Pierre Boullier and Knut Ripken. Building an Ada compiler following meta compilation methods. In S minaires Langages et Traducteurs 1978 1981, pages 99 140. INRIA, Rocquencourt, France, 1981. ref , and is currently used both in the domain of compiler compilation ref E.g., by the http www.inrialpes.fr vasy VASY team at INRIA , in particular for the development of http www.inrialpes.fr vasy cadp CADP and http www.inrialpes.fr vasy traian Traian . ... more details
The approximate counting algorithm allows the counting of a large number of events using a small amount of memory. Invented in 1977 by Robert Morris of Bell Labs , it uses randomized algorithm probabilistic techniques to increment the counter . It was fully analyzed in the early 80 s by Philippe Flajolet of INRIA Rocquencourt, who coined name Approximate Counting , and strongly contributed to its recognition among the research community. The algorithm is considered one of the precursors of streaming algorithms, and the more general problem of determining the frequency moments of a data stream has been central to the field. Theory of operation Using Morris algorithm, the counter represents an order of magnitude estimate of the actual count. The approximation is mathematically Unbiased estimator unbiased . In order to increment the counter, a pseudo random event is used, such that the incrementing is a probabilistic event. In order to save space, only the exponent is kept. For example, in base 2, the counter can estimate the count to be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and all of the powers of two . The memory requirement is simply to hold the exponent . As an example, to increment from 4 to 8, a pseudo random number would be generated such that a probability of .25 generates a positive change in the counter. Otherwise, the counter remains at 4. The table below illustrates some of the potential values of the counter class wikitable border 1 Stored Binary Value of Counter Approximation Range of Possible Values for the Actual Count 0 1 0, or initial value 1 2 1 or more 10 4 2 or more 11 8 3 or more 100 16 4 or more 101 32 5 or more If the counter holds the value of 101, which equates to an exponent of 5 the decimal equivalent of 101 , then the estimated count is 2 5, or 32. There is a very low probability that the actual count of increment events was 5 which would imply that an extremely rare event occurred with the pseudo random number generator, the same probability as getting 10 ... more details
The G ttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages GRETIL is a comprehensive repository of e text s in Sanskrit and other Indian languages. ref name HuetKulkarni2009 ref name ayres ref name lakshmanan It contains several texts related to Indology , such as philosophical texts. ref name ganeri Rather than scanned books or typeset PDF files, these texts are in plain text, in a variety of encodings, and are machine readable, so that for instance word search can be performed on them. ref name HuetKulkarni2009 ref name gretinfo It was started by Reinhold Gr nendahl, ref name german with the intention of being a cumulative register of the numerous download sites for electronic texts in Indian languages . ref name gretinfo It is used by many scholars for instance David Smith writes Sanskritists are enormously indebted to this incomparably useful site and to those who have contributed e texts to it. ref name smith Notes reflist refs ref name ganeri citation year 2007 title The concealed art of the soul theories of self and practices of truth in Indian ethics and epistemology author1 Jonardon Ganeri publisher Oxford University Press isbn 9780199202416 page 237 url http books.google.com books?id 7NE0AaNjw4UC&pg PA237&dq 22register of electronic texts 22 ref ref name HuetKulkarni2009 citation author1 G rard Huet author2 Amba Kulkarni author3 Peter Scharf title Sanskrit Computational Linguistics First and Second International Symposia Rocquencourt, France, October 29 31, 2007 Providence, RI, USA, May 15 17, 2008, Revised Selected Papers url http books.google.com books?id t2f1hneiV08C&pg PR5 accessdate 18 June 2010 year 2009 publisher Springer isbn 9783642001543 page 5 ref ref name ayres citation year 2005 title India briefing takeoff at last? editor1 Alyssa Ayres editor2 Philip Oldenburg publisher M.E. Sharpe isbn 9780765615923 page 208 url http books.google.com books?id JFHLwJjPv00C&pg PA208&dq 22register of electronic texts 22 ref ref name german citation year 196 ... more details
File P1030557 Panorama Arboretum Ch vreloup.JPG thumb right 500px Arboretum de Ch vreloup The Arboretum de Ch vreloup 195 hectares is a major arboretum located just north of the Palace of Versailles at 30, route de Versailles, Rocquencourt , Yvelines , le de France region le de France , France . It forms part of the Mus um national d histoire naturelle , and is open several days per week in the warmer months an admission fee is charged. The site dates to 1699 when Louis XIV of France Louis XIV acquired the hamlet of Ch vreloup, demolishing its walls to form a hunting ground near his castle. During the 18th century, botanist Bernard de Jussieu 1699 1777 was a frequent visitor at Versailles, where in 1759 he created a botanical garden at the edge of Ch vreloup in today s Parc de Trianon this garden was destroyed, however, upon the death of Louis XV of France Louis XV . During the French Revolution , Ch vreloup was sold to private owners, then purchased by Napoleon I of France Napoleon in 1806. In the 19th century it became apparent that the Jardin des Plantes in Paris was too small for a national collection, and in 1922 the conservator of the Estate of Versailles and architect Fran ois Benjamin Chaussemiche 1864 1945 established today s arboretum as the Jardin de Jussieu, annex to the National Museum of Natural History . In 1940, however, it was abandoned. Planting resumed in 1960, with parts of the arboretum opening to the public in 1977. Today the arboretum contains about 15,000 specimens, representing 124 family biology families , 220 genus genera , 2700 species and varieties, and 500 cultivar s. Its tropical plant collection alone maintains about 5,000 species in greenhouse s. The arboretum proper is organized into three major sections Systematic botany 50 hectares the oldest plantations, started in 1924, with trees grouped by family or genus. Collections include Abies , Crataegus , X Cupressocyparis , Cupressus , Juglans , Juniperus , Malus , Picea , Pinus , Pr ... more details
See also 1814 in France , 1815 other events of 1815 , 1816 in France . Events from the year 1815 in France . Events 3 January Austrian Empire Austria , United Kingdom Britain , and Bourbon restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia . 26 February Napoleon escaped from Elba . 1 March Napoleon lands at Antibes . 20 March Napoleon arrives back in Paris , ending the First Restoration of Louis XVIII of France . 22 April French constitutional referendum, 1815 Constitutional Referendum held. 22 April Charter of 1815 signed bringing in a new French constitution. 16 June Battle of Quatre Bras , inconclusive result. 16 June Battle of Ligny , French defeat Prussian forces. 18 June Battle of Waterloo , decisive defeat of French forces. 18 June 19 June Battle of Wavre , inconclusive result. 24 June Napoleon announces his abdication. 28 June Battle of La Suffel , French victory over Austrian forces. 1 July Battle of Rocquencourt , French victory over Prussian forces. 3 July Battle of Issy , French defeat by Prussian forces. 8 July Louis XVIII of France returns. 15 July Napoleon I surrenders and is transported to England . 14 August Elections to Chamber of Deputies of France Chamber of Deputies produces a heavy ultra royalist majority. 3 October Fall of the Mars meteorite in Chassigny , Haute Marne. 7 October Chamber of Deputies Chambre introuvable first assembles. 15 October Napoleon begins exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean . 20 November Treaty of Paris 1815 Treaty of Paris signed following defeat and second abdication of Napoleon. Births January to June 21 February Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier , painter and sculptor d. 1891 in France 1891 . 12 March Louis Jules Trochu , soldier and statesman d. 1896 in France 1896 . 28 March Ars ne Houssaye , novelist and poet d. 1896 in France 1896 . 8 April Edmond Henri Adolphe Sch rer , theologian, critic and politician d. 1889 in France 1889 . 27 April Albert L Ouvrier , socialism socialist po ... more details
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