distinguish Rodina For the genus of metalmark butterflies Rodinia butterfly In geology , Rodinia from ... 2008 . Assembly, configuration, and break up history of Rodinia A synthesis . Precambrian ... of Earth s landmass. According to Plate reconstruction plate tectonic reconstructions , Rodinia existed ... Rodinia supercontinent journal Earth Science Reviews volume 59 pages 125 162 doi 10.1016 S0012 ... bibcode 2004ESRv...67...91Z ref Rodinia has entered popular consciousness as one ... Bang Theory date 2011 publisher GeoBookStudio.org pages 232 ref Rodinia broke up in the Neoproterozoic ... history of Rodinia. paleomagnetism Paleomagnetic evidence provides some clues to the paleo latitude ... periods are often thought to have been triggered by the breaking up of Rodinia. Geodynamics ... s. ref Dewey & Burke 1973 the name Rodinia was first used in McMenamin & McMenamin 1990 ref Examples ... of the core cratons in Rodinia is now reasonably well known, recent reconstructions still differ ... data. Rodinia s landmass was probably centered south of the equator . ref cite web url http www.palaeos.com Earth Geography Rodinia.htm title Rodinia publisher Palaeos accessdate 2006 03 10 ref Most reconstructions show Rodinia s core was formed by the North American craton the later paleocontinent ... and Price 2000 . ref name Others Rodinia of Christopher Scotese Scotese . ref Cite web url http www.scotese.com Rodinia3.htm title Rodinia publisher Paleomap Project last Scotese first C.R ref ref Torsvik et al. 2008 ref Little is known about the paleogeography before the formation of Rodinia. Paleomagnetic ... on from the breakup of Rodinia ref name Others cite web url http www.colorado.edu GeolSci Resources WUSTectonics mojavia others.html title Other Reconstructions for Rodinia based on sources for Mojavia accessdate 20 September 2010 ref onwards. Rodinia was probably formed between 1100 and 1000 million years ago and broke up again before 750 million years ago. ref name Torsvik2003 Rodinia was surrounded ... more details
Mirovia from Russian language Russian , mirovoy , meaning global was a hypothesized superocean which may have been a global ocean surrounding the supercontinent Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic Neoproterozoic Era , about 1 billion to 750 million years ago. ref Cite book last McMenamin first Mark A. first2 Dianna L. last2 McMenamin year 1990 chapter The Rifting of Rodinia title The Emergence of Animals publisher Columbia University Press isbn 0 231 06647 3 ref The Mirovia may be essentially identical to, or the precursor of, the hypothesized Pan African Ocean , which followed the rift ing of Rodinia. The Panthalassa proto Pacific Ocean developed in the Neoproterozoic Era by subduction at the expense of the global Mirovia ocean. ref Cite book last Powell first Christopher McA last2 Pisarevsky first2 Sergei A. chapter Rodinia to Gondwanaland Growth of the Pacific Ocean and Destruction of the Mozambique and Brazilide Oceans title GSA Conference, Earth System Processes Global Meeting June 24 28, 2001 , abstract url http gsa.confex.com gsa 2001ESP finalprogram abstract 8026.htm ref Geologic evidence suggests that the middle Neoproterozoic, the Cryogenian period, was an extreme ice age so intense that Mirovia may have been completely frozen to a depth of 2 km. This is part of the Snowball Earth hypothesis. References references Category Plate tectonics Category Historical oceans Category Russian loanwords palaeo geo stub tectonics stub de Mirovia nl Mirovoi oceaan nn Mirovia pl Mirowia ru vi Mirovia zh ... more details
automatic taxobox authority Bates, 1859 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Numerous, see text. The Nymphidiini are one of the larger tribe biology tribes of metalmark butterflies family biology family Riodinidae . As numerous Riodinidae genera have not yet been unequivocally assigned to a tribe, the genus list is preliminary. The Theopina subtribe was formerly considered a distinct tribe Theopini . Selected genera div float left col begin width 75 col 1 of 2 Subtribe Nymphidiina Adelotypa Calociasma Verify source date September 2007 Caliocasma? Calospila Verify source date September 2007 Calosphila? Catocyclotis Dysmathia Hypophylla Joiceya Livendula Menander butterfly Menander Minotauros make disambiguation to Minotaur from genus page Mycastor Nymphidium Pandemos butterfly Pandemos Periplacis Rodinia butterfly Rodinia Setabis Zelotaea col 2 of 2 Subtribe Aricorina Ariconias Aricoris Subtribe Lemoniadina Juditha Lemonias Synargis Thisbe butterfly Thisbe Subtribe Theopina Archaeonympha Behemothia Calicosama Verify source date September 2007 Caliocasma? Protonymphidia Theope col end div Category Riodininae Category Nymphidiini Riodinidae stub nl Nymphidiini zh ... more details
Rodina Bulgarian language Bulgarian , lang ru , Motherland may refer to one of the following Rodina , a political party of Russia Mother Motherland monuments in a number of cities of former Soviet Union Rodina magazine Rodina magazine , a Russian historical illustrated magazine Rodina class motorship , a Russian river passenger ship Rodina, a village in Arini Commune, Maramure County, Romania See also Rodinia , ancient supercontinent derived from Rodina disambig de Rodina Begriffskl rung fr Rodina homonymie ru tg ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 South China continent , also known as South China craton , South Chinese craton , or Yangtze craton , was an ancient continent craton that contained today s Northern and southern China South and Southeast China named after , Indochina , and parts of Southeast Asia i.e. Borneo and adjacent islands . South China had been part of many past supercontinents, including Rodinia , Pannotia , Gondwana , Pangaea , Laurasia , and Eurasia . File .png thumb 250px South China craton in Russian File Yangtse craton location.jpg thumb 250px About a billion years ago Late Proterozoic , the supercontinent, Rodinia formed. South China was part of the supercontinent. South China was bordered by Mirovia Ocean to the north, Siberia continent Siberia to the east, Australia to the west, and Laurentia to the south as shown here in the Rodinia paleogeography. 750 million years ago, Rodinia rifted and South China became an isolated continent. A hundred million years later, these fragmented pieces of continent assembled back together to create the supercontinent of Pannotia . South China collided North China and Eastern Gondwana mainly Australia . When Pannotia disintegrated 550 million years ago, South China and North China continent North China became part of and remained with Eastern Gondwana for millions of years. Late in the Silurian 175 million years later after Pannotia s disintegration , South China and North China , rifted away from Gondwana and moved across the ancient, shrinking Proto Tethys Ocean . A new ocean was forming in its southern end, Paleo Tethys Ocean . By the Late Carboniferous 300 million years ago , while North China collided with Siberia and Kazakhstania , completely closing the Proto Tethys, South China became an independent continent. For much of the Permian Period, South China remained in the tropical latitudes. And also, while most of the giant lycopods of the Carboniferous disappeared, giant lycopods rema ... more details
to the problem of piecing together what an ancient supercontinent , called Rodinia , looked like ... to theorize that about 600 800 million years ago a portion of Rodinia broke away from what is now ... of what is called Laurentia , thought by some geologists to be the core of Rodinia .This belt ... 5886 235 title A Positive Test of East Antarctica Laurentia Juxtaposition Within the Rodinia Supercontinent ... The positions of Laurentia and other landmasses in the Precambrian super continent of Rodinia ... signatures as the distinctive granites in Laurentia. See also Rodinia Antarctica supercontinent ... more details
File Siberian craton location.jpg thumb current location in Asia Siberia is the craton located in the heart of the region of Siberia . Siberia or Angaraland or simply Angara is today the Central Siberian Plateau . It is an extremely ancient craton that formed an independent continent before the Permian period. Partial history of Siberia in chronological order 2.5 billion years ago Siderian , Siberia was part of a continent of Arctica , along with the Canadian Shield 1.1 billion years ago Stenian , Siberia became part of the major supercontinent of Rodinia . 750 million years ago Cryogenian , Rodinia broke up, and Siberia became part of the minor supercontinent of Protolaurasia . 600 million years ago Ediacaran , Protolaurasia became part of the major southern supercontinent of Pannotia . 550 million years ago Ediacaran , Pannotia broke up and Protolaurasia split up and became the continents of Laurentia , Baltica , and Siberia. Cambrian , Siberia was an independent continent. Carboniferous , Siberia collided with the minor continent of Kazakhstania . Permian , Siberia, and Kazakhstania collided with Baltica , thus completing the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea . Siberian Traps formed. Jurassic , Pangaea split up, Siberia stays with Laurasia . Cretaceous , Laurasia gradually splits up, Siberia remains part of present day northeastern Eurasia . Present, Siberia was part of forming minor supercontinent Afro Eurasia . 250 million years from now Siberia may be in the subtropical region and part of a new supercontinent of Pangaea Ultima . External links http jan.ucc.nau.edu rcb7 paleogeographic asia.html Asia History Page detailing the history of Siberia as well as other parts of Asia. Continents of the world Category Historical continents Category Tectonic plates Category Historical tectonic plates Category Siberia Category Natural history of Asia Category Northeast Asia palaeo geo stub cs Sibi kontinent de Sibiria es Siberia continente eu Siberia kontinentea it ... more details
Confuse World Ocean File Pangaea.png right 200px thumb The supercontinent Pangaea surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. A superocean is an ocean which surrounds a supercontinent . It is less commonly defined as any ocean larger than the current Pacific Ocean . ref cite book last McMenamin first Mark A. coauthors Dianna L. McMenamin title The Emergence of Animals origdate 1990 01 15 publisher Columbia University Press isbn 0 231 06647 3 ref Named global superoceans include Mirovia , which surrounded the supercontinent Rodinia , and Panthalassa , which surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea . Pannotia and Columbia supercontinent Columbia , along with landmasses before Columbia such as Ur continent Ur , were also surrounded by superoceans. As surface water moves unobstructed east to west in superoceans, it tends to warm from the exposure to sunlight so that the western edge of the ocean is warmer than the eastern. Additionally, seasonal changes in temperature, which would have been significantly more rapid inland, probably caused powerful monsoon s. In general, however, the mechanics of superoceans are not well understood. ref cite book last Martin first Ronald title One Long Experiment origdate 1998 04 08 publisher Columbia University Press isbn 0 231 10905 9 chapter Cycles and Secular Trends ref List of superoceans Expand list date August 2008 Mirovia Rodinia Pan African Ocean Pannotia Panthalassa Pangaea Mega Pacific Ocean Pangaea Ultima Super Atlantic Ocean Amasia continent Amasia Super Indian Ocean Amasia continent Amasia See also Portal box Environment Ecology Geography Weather br References references Category Historical oceans Category Plate tectonics tectonics stub palaeo geo stub ar es Superoc ano lv Superoke ns nl Superoceaan nn Superhav ru zh ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 The Pan African Ocean is a hypothesized paleo ocean whose closure created the supercontinent of Pannotia . ref cite book last Linnemann first Ulf coauthors R. Damian Nance, Petr Kraft, Gernold Zulauf title The Evolution of the Rheic Ocean From Avalonian Cadomian Active Margin to Alleghenian Variscan Collision publisher Geological Society of America year 2007 page 28 isbn 9780813724232 url http books.google.ca books?id dj9C VvmDwC&pg PA28 ref The ocean may have existed before the break up of the supercontinent of Rodinia . The ocean closed before the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, when the Panthalassa ocean expanded, and was eventually replaced by it. See also Pan African orogeny Mirovia References reflist Category Historical oceans Category Proterozoic palaeo geo stub nl Pan Afrikaanse Oceaan nn Det panafrikanske havet zh ... more details
These is a list of former Oceans that disappeared due to the tectonic movements and other geographical and climatic changes. Bridge River Ocean , the ocean between the ancient Insular Islands and North America. Iapetus Ocean , the southern hemisphere ocean between Baltica and Avalonia. Panthalassa , the vast world ocean that surrounded the Pangaea supercontinent. Rheic Ocean Slide Mountain Ocean , the ocean between the ancient Intermontane Islands and North America. Tethys Ocean , the ocean between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia. Khanty Ocean , the ocean between Baltica and Siberia. Mirovia , the ocean that surrounded the Rodinia supercontinent. Paleo Tethys Ocean , the ocean between Gondwana and the Hunic terranes. Poseidon Ocean Proto Tethys Ocean Pan African Ocean , the ocean that surrounded the Pannotia supercontinent. Superocean , the ocean that surrounds a global supercontinent. Ural Ocean , the ocean between Siberia and Baltica. Category Oceans Category Oceanography Oceans ... more details
active during Rodinia assembly, although its original relations are obscured by intense Pan African ... craton with Laurentia, Rodinia, and Gondwana Early Paleomagnetism paleomagnetic studies showed .... The pole position places the Kalahari craton off southeast Laurentia within the Rodinia ... event, raising the possibility that the two igneous provinces were linked within Rodinia. ref Blenkinsop ... converged with southwestern Laurentia between 1060 and 1030 Ma to become part of the Rodinia supercontinent by 1000 Ma. In Rodinia, the Kalahari craton lay near East Antarctica with the Namaqua Natal ... in Rodinia http 72.14.253.104 search?q cache 1rUf9urzSugJ www.tsrc.uwa.edu.au data page 28315 pub142.pdf ... during the assembly of Rodinia, however they could have also been just juxtaposed during the assembly ... of narrow Neoproterozoic basins that developed across previously assembled parts of Rodinia. ref Hanson, R.E. 2004 Mesoproterozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Kalahari Craton Implications for Rodinia ... between the Kalahari craton and a composite Congo Laurentia craton during the assembly of Rodinia .... ref Deschamps, Y., A.B. Kampunzu, and J.P. Milesi. 2003 Africa within Rodinia Supercontinent Evidence ... more details
for the Amberian Dawn single Arctica song Arctica was an ancient continent which formed approximately 2.5 billion years ago in the Neoarchean Era geology era . Arctica consisted of the Canadian Shield Canadian and Siberia continent Siberian Shield geography shield s, and is now roughly situated in the Arctic around the current North Pole . History Arctica joined with the continents Atlantica and Nena supercontinent Nena about one billion years ago to form the supercontinent , Rodinia . With the breakup of the supercontinent, Arctica s fragments have mostly stayed at higher latitudes. Nomenclature Arctica was chosen as a name because since its formation the continent and the cratons that broke away from it have spent most of their time in northerly latitudes. See also List of supercontinents External links Continents of the world Category Historical continents Category Archean Category Proterozoic Category Natural history of Asia Category Natural history of North America Category Prehistory of the Arctic palaeogeography stub ar de Arctica Kontinent fa it Arctica nl Arctica geologie nn Arktika vi Arctica zh ... more details
The Tonian from Greek language Greek tonas , stretch is the first geologic geologic period period in the Neoproterozoic era geology Era and lasted from 1000 annum Mya to 850 Mya million years ago . Instead of being based on stratigraphy , these dates are defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy ICS based on radiometric dating radiometric chronometry . Events leading to the breakup of supercontinent Rodinia started in this period. The first radiation of acritarch s occurred during the Tonian. See also Helikian References cite web title Tonian Period work GeoWhen Database url http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Tonian.html accessdate January 5, 2006 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060512164244 http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Tonian.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate May 12, 2006 cite journal author James G. Ogg title Status on Divisions of the International Geologic Time Scale journal Lethaia year 2004 volume 37 issue 2 pages 183&ndash 199 doi 10.1080 00241160410006492 Proterozoic eon Geological history c Category Geologic time scale Category Proterozoic geochronology stub bg br Tonieg ca Toni de Tonium es Per odo T nico fr Tonien ko hr Tonij it Toniano hu Tonium nl Tonium ja nn Tonium pl Ton geologia pt Toniano ru sh Tonij vi K Tonas uk zh ... more details
For the Miles Davis album Panthalassa The Music of Miles Davis 1969 1974 unreferenced date September 2011 Image Pangaea.png right 250px thumb The blue ocean surrounding Pangaea is Panthalassa Panthalassa Ancient Greek Greek , meaning all sea , also known as the Panthalassic Ocean , was the vast global ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea , during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic years. It included the Pacific Ocean to the west and north and the Tethys Ocean to the southeast. It became the Pacific Ocean, following the closing of the Tethys basin and the breakup of Pangaea, which created the Atlantic Ocean Atlantic , Arctic Ocean Arctic , and Indian Ocean basins. The Panthalassic is often called the Paleo Pacific old Pacific because the Pacific Ocean evolved from it. In the map on the right, the Earth s equator was a line that roughly crossed the spot where Spain , Casablanca Morocco and Boston United States U.S. met. South of that line, the land mass is referred to as Gondwana . North of the line, it is referred to as Laurasia . Formation By 900 million years ago in the early Neoproterozoic a triple junction formed as the supercontinent Rodinia started to rift apart. Between about 800 million and 700 million years ago, it split in half. This was one of the most significant rifting events of all time, because it opened up the Panthalassic Ocean to the west of Laurentia , a continent that became North America . In western Laurentia North America , tectonic episodes that preceded this rifting produced Aulacogen failed rift s that harbored large depositional basins in Western Laurentia. The global ocean of Mirovia , an ocean that surrounded Rodinia, started to shrink because the Pan African ocean and Panthalassa were expanding. Between 650 million and 550 million years ago, another supercontinent was forming, Pannotia , which was shaped like a V . Inside the V was Panthalassa, outside of the V was the Pan African Ocean and remnants of the M ... more details
Refimprove date February 2012 Ur was a supercontinent that formed mya 3000 3 billion in the early Archean Eon geology eon the oldest continent on Earth, half a billion years older than Arctica . Ur joined with the continents Nena supercontinent Nena and Atlantica about mya 1000 1 billion to form the supercontinent Rodinia . Ur survived as a single unit until it was sundered when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart into Laurasia and Gondwana . ref name Endeavors 1997 harvnb Zubritsky 1997 ref Ur may have been preceded by one other supercontinent, Vaalbara , which is suggested to have formed about mya 3600 3100 . ref harvnb Lerner Lerner 2003 ref Formation and breakup ref improve section date January 2011 Rocks that made up Ur are now parts of Africa , Australia continent Australia , and Indian subcontinent India . ref name Endeavors 1997 In the early period of its existence, it was probably the only continent on Earth, and is considered to be a supercontinent , even though it was probably smaller than Australia is now. When it was the only continent on Earth, all other land was in the form of small granite islands and small land masses like Kenorland that were not large enough to be continents. Timeline Unreferenced section date January 2011 3 billion years ago, Ur formed as the only continent on Earth . 2.8 billion years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Kenorland . 2 billion years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Columbia supercontinent Columbia . 1 billion years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Rodinia . 550 million years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Pannotia . 300 million years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Pangaea . 208 million years ago, Ur was torn apart into parts of Laurasia and Gondwana . 65 million years ago, the Africa n part of Ur was torn apart as part of India. Present, Ur is part of Australia and Madagascar. Notes reflist References cite web ref harv title Supercontinents e ... more details
The Belt Supergroup , is an assemblage of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks , primarily mudstone s, which outcrop chiefly in western Montana , but also exposed in Idaho , Washington U.S. state Washington , Wyoming , and British Columbia . It is most famous as the formation that makes up Glacier National Park U.S. Glacier National Park in northwest Montana. It has been geologically linked to the Purcell Supergroup in British Columbia and rocks of the Udzha Basin in Siberia . It was named after the Big Belt Mountains , Little Belt Mountains and town of Belt, Montana Belt , all in western central Montana. Characteristics The Belt Supergroup was deposited from about 1470 to 1400 million years ago and is as much as 18 km thick. It is mostly made of fine grained quartzites , argillite , Carbonate rock carbonates , and mafic Sill geology sills . In the primary location, western Montana and northern Idaho, the Belt is divided into four groups youngest to oldest Missoula Group More fluvial deposition of sands and muds, similar to the Rivalli group but from the south Piegan Group Middle Belt Carbonate Carbonate muds alternating with lamina of clastic muds Ravalli Group Subaerial deposited sands and muds, mostly fluvial, also from the southwest Lower Belt Heterogeneous coarse to fine grained, clastic to carbonate rocks, mostly subaqueous, deep water deposition, with sediments derived from the southwest, with common mafic sills Formation It is generally believed that the Belt Supergroup was formed in a fault geology fault bounded rift basin within continental crust , and that the rocks are Lake lacustrine , or at least, not completely open marine. The basin was a part of a 1.45 Ga supercontinent that predated Rodinia . It shows evidence of these basin bounding faults on all sides, except the west, which rifted away in the breakup of Rodinia. Sedimentology The Belt Supergroup is known for the strange sedimentary structures it displays. ref http geology.isu.edu Digital Geology Id ... more details
Image Cratons West Gondwana.svg thumb right Approximate location of Mesoproterozoic older than 1.3 Ga cratons in South America and Africa. The S o Lu s and the Luis Alves cratonic fragments Brazil are shown, but the Arequipa Antofalla craton and some minor African cratons are not. Other versions describe the Guiana Shield separated from the Amazonian shield by a depression, and the Sahara craton as a part of this West African craton . The S o Francisco craton is located in the eastern part of South America. Outcrops in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Bahia . It includes a number of different blocks of the Archean basement, separated by orogenic belts. The belts are characterized by sediment basins and passive continental margin, crossed by granite intrusions. The Paleoproterozoic about 2.5 to 2.0 Ga was the source of orogenetic belts and the current configuration of the craton. The S o Francisco craton around 1.0 Ga ago was located in the South of the supercontinent Rodinia and after the fragmentation of Rodinia in the late Proterozoic 700 Ma became a member of the supercontinent Gondwana until its fragmentation in the Jurassic about 180 Ma the opening of the Atlantic Ocean left South Africa in the Congo craton and the S o Francisco in South America. The ancient Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts of the S o Francisco craton rich rocks contain many minerals, particularly iron and gold, and are a major source of income for the mining industry in Brazil. References Cite journal doi 10.1130 0091 7613 2001 029 0319 AWGITN 2.0.CO 2 journal Geology month April year 2001 volume 29 issue 4 pages 319 322 title Assembling West Gondwana in the Neoproterozoic Clues from the S o Francisco craton region, Brazil author Fernando F. Alkmim Stephen Marshak Marco A. Fonseca Cite book title West Gondwana Pre Cenozoic Correlations Across the South Atlantic Region editors R.J. Pankhurst, R.A.J. Trouw, B.B. de Brito Neves, M.J. de Wit series Geological Societ ... more details
The Adelaide Geosyncline also known as Adelaide Rift Complex is a major geological province in central South Australia . It stretches from the northernmost parts of the Flinders Ranges , narrowing at the Fleurieu Peninsula and extending into Kangaroo Island, and composes the two major mountain ranges of the State the Flinders Ranges and the Mount Lofty Ranges . The sediments in the rift complex were deposited between about 870 Ma the middle Neoproterozoic to 500 Ma the end of the Cambrian . They consist of a thick pile of sedimentary rocks and minor volcanic rocks that were deposited on the eastern margin of Australia during the time of break up of the supercontinent Rodinia . A number of authors have noted the similarity in these sedimentary rocks with rocks found in western North America and have suggested that they were formerly adjacent to each other in Rodinia. This is one major correlation in the so called SWEAT SW USA against East Antarctica Plate reconstruction reconstruction of Rodinia Moores 1991 Dalziel 1991 . Formation The Adelaide Geosyncline is a great belt of sediments, deposited in a depression during a time of lithospheric stretching in an arc approximately a thousand kilometres long and several hundred kilometres wide. The thickest parts of the belt are approximately 24,000 m thick. Limestone s, shale s, and sandstone s indicate a predominantly marine environment. Delamerian Orogeny This sedimentation ended towards the Cambrian, when plate movements changed and the area experienced an orogeny mountain building period extending into the Ordovician . Foden et al. 2006 suggest that this orogeny lastet from 514 Ma to 500 Ma. This event is called the Delamerian Orogeny , named after a small town on the Fleurieu Peninsula where evidence was found for the event. The orogeny caused substantial folding, buckling, and faulting of the strata, and resulted in the creation of a major mountain range, the eroded stumps of which can today be seen as the Mount Loft ... more details
This is a list of articles related to plate tectonics and tectonic plate s. Articles for individual plates colbegin 2 List of tectonic plates African Plate Anatolian Plate Antarctic Plate Arabian Plate Cocos Plate Eurasian Plate Explorer Plate Farallon Plate Gorda Plate Juan de Fuca Plate Halmahera Plate Indo Australian Plate Pacific Plate Molucca Sea Plate Nazca Plate North American Plate Philippine Sea Plate South American Plate Sunda Plate colend Paleaocontinents Gondwana Laurasia Pangaea Panthalassa Rodinia Terrane Other articles relating to specific locations Benham Plateau East African Rift Emperor Seamounts Geology of the Alps Indian subcontinent Mariana Trench Mid Atlantic Ridge Mohorovi i discontinuity Molucca Sea Collision Zone Pacific Antarctic Ridge Philippine Mobile Belt San Andreas Fault Tethys Ocean Tethys Sea Earthquakes Blind thrust earthquake Earthquake Intraplate earthquake s Interplate earthquake s Megathrust earthquake s Other plate tectonics articles colbegin 2 Alpine Fault Asthenosphere Back arc basin Continent Continental drift Convergent boundary Crust geology Crust Divergent boundary Fault geology Island arc Isostasy List of tectonic plate interactions Mantle geology Mantle Mountain Obduction Oceanic ridge Oceanic trench Orogeny Paleoclimatology Paleomap Passive margin Ridge push Rift geology Seafloor spreading Seamount Strain materials science Strain Subduction Supercontinent Transform boundary Transform fault Volcano colend Category Geology lists Plate tectonics Category Plate tectonics Category Indexes of science articles Plate tectonics topics ... more details
about a continent unreferenced date March 2008 Image Positions of ancient continents, 550 million years ago.jpg thumb right 250px Baltica in 550 mya unit mya green Baltica is a name applied by geologists to a late Proterozoic , early Palaeozoic continent that now includes the East European craton of northwestern Eurasia . Baltica was created as an entity not earlier than 1.8 billion years ago. Before this time, the three segments continents that now comprise the East European craton were in different places on the globe. Baltica existed on a tectonic plate called the Baltic Plate . Partial history 1.8 billion years ago, Baltica was part of the major supercontinent Columbia supercontinent Columbia . 1.5 billion years ago, Baltica along with Arctica and East Antarctic craton East Antarctica were part of the minor supercontinent Nena supercontinent Nena . 1.1 billion years ago, Baltica was part of the major supercontinent Rodinia . 750 million years ago, Baltica was part of the minor supercontinent Protolaurasia . 600 million years ago, Baltica was part of the major supercontinent Pannotia . Cambrian , Baltica was an independent continent. late Ordovician , Baltica collided with Avalonia most of modern Western Europe Devonian , Baltica collided against Laurentia , forming the minor supercontinent Euramerica . Permian , all major continents collided against each other to form the major supercontinent Pangaea . Jurassic , Pangaea rifted into two minor supercontinents, Laurasia and Gondwana . Baltica was part of the minor supercontinent Laurasia. Cretaceous , Baltica was part of the minor supercontinent Eurasia . Present, Baltica is part of the forming minor supercontinent Afro Eurasia . See also Baltic Shield Baltic Plate Continents of the world Category Historical continents Category Plate tectonics Category Proterozoic Category Paleozoic Category Natural history of Europe cs Baltika de Baltica Kontinent es B ltica eu Baltika fr Baltica ko it Baltica lt Baltika nl B ... more details
The Stenian from Greek language Greek stenos , narrow is the final geologic geologic period period in the Mesoproterozoic era geology Era and lasted from 1200 annum Mya to 1000 Mya million years ago . Instead of being based on stratigraphy , these dates are defined chronometrically. The name derives from narrow Metamorphic rock polymetamorphic belts formed over this period. The supercontinent Rodinia assembled during the Stenian. This period includes the Keweenawan Age at about 1100 Mya. ref cite web url http deepblue.lib.umich.edu bitstream 2027.42 28843 1 0000678.pdf title Organic geochemical study of mineralization in the Keweenawan Nonesuch Formation at White Pine, Michigan publisher University of Michigan accessdate 28 September 2011 ref Notes Reflist References cite web title Stenian Period work GeoWhen Database url http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Stenian.html accessdate January 5, 2006 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060512164255 http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Stenian.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate May 12, 2006 cite journal author James G. Ogg title Status on Divisions of the International Geologic Time Scale journal Lethaia year 2004 volume 37 issue 2 pages 183 199 doi 10.1080 00241160410006492 Proterozoic eon Geological history c Category Geologic time scale Category Proterozoic geochronology stub br Stenieg ca Esteni de Stenium es Per odo Est nico eo Stenio fr St nien ko it Steniano nl Stenium ja nn Stenium pl Sten geologia pt Steniano ru sh Stenij uk vi K Stenos zh ... more details
The Pan African orogeny was a series of major Neoproterozoic orogeny orogenic events mountain building which related to the formation of the supercontinent s Gondwana and Pannotia about 600 million years ago. sfn Glossary The Mozambique Belt , extending from east Antarctica through East Africa up to the Arabian Nubian Shield , formed as a suture between plates during the Pan African orogeny. sfn Cutten 2002 The Mozambique ocean began closing between Madagascar India and the Congo craton Congo Tanzania craton Tanzania craton between 700 and 580 million years ago, with closure between 600 and 500 million years ago. sfn Grantham Maboko Eglington 2003 p 417 418 References reflist colwidth 30em Sources refbegin cite web ref harv url http gsa.confex.com gsa 2002AM finalprogram abstract 43792.htm title THE MOZAMBIQUE BELT, EASTERN AFRICA TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE MOZAMBIQUE OCEAN AND GONDWANA AMALGAMATION last Cutten first Huntly N.C. date October 29, 2002 publisher The Geological Society of America accessdate 2011 12 28 cite web ref harvid Glossary url http www.dinodata.net Golonka GLOSSARY.pdf title Glossary of Plate Tectonic and Paleogeographic Terms format PDF accessdate 2006 04 09 not available without registration free cite book ref harv url http books.google.ca books?id 4B8nrDVjaCgC&pg PA417 chapter A review of the evolution of the Mozambique Belt and implications for the amalgamation and dispersal of Rodinia and Gondwana first1 G.H. last1 Grantham first2 M. last2 Maboko first3 B.M. last3 Eglington title Proterozoic East Gondwana supercontinent assembly and breakup publisher Geological Society year 2003 ISBN 1862391254 refend Category Orogeny Category Geology of Africa Category Proterozoic tectonics stub he ... more details
Image Yangtse Plate map fr.png thumb right 375x375px Map of the Yangtze Plate and its neighbouring plates in French language French The Yangtze Plate , also called the South China Block or the South China Subplate, comprises the bulk of southern China . It is separated on the east from the Okinawa Plate by a rift that forms the Okinawa Trough which is a Back arc basin , on the south by the Sunda Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate , and on the north and west by the Eurasian Plate . The Longmenshan Fault on the latter border was the site of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake 2008 Wenchuan earthquake . ref name Wenchuan cause cite web url http www.cea.gov.cn manage html 8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf content 08 05 30 1212119940937.html title 8.0 Cause Analysis of the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake date 2008 05 30 publisher China Earthquake Administration accessdate 2008 09 07 language Chinese ref The Yangtze Plate was formed by the disaggregation of Rodinia Supercontinent 750 million years ago, in the Neoproterozoic era geology era . In Triassic the Yangtze Plate collided with the North China Plate and formed the Sichuan basin . In Cenozoic the Yangtze Plate was influenced by the collision of the Indian plate Indian and Eurasian plate Eurasian plates creating the uplifting of the Longmen Mountains . ref cite news url http www.springerlink.com content fg141804n5374301 fulltext.pdf publisher Chinese Science Bulletin date 2007 11 accessdate 2009 10 04 title Formation and evolution of the Chinese marine basins author JIA ChengZao, LI BenLiang, ZHANG XingYang & LI ChuanXin ref Its southward motion is accommodated along the Red River fault . References Bird, P. 2003 An updated digital model of plate boundaries, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 4 3 , 1027, doi 10.1029 2001GC000252 . http peterbird.name publications 2003 PB2002 2003 PB2002.htm reflist Tectonic plates East Asia plates Indochina plates DEFAULTSORT Yangtze Plate Category Geology lists Tectonic plates Category Te ... more details
Image Positions of ancient continents, 550 million years ago.jpg thumb right 300px Pannotia 550 Ma . Image Late Cambrian 514 Ma .jpg thumb right 300px Land distribution during late Cambrian 514 Ma . Pannotia , first described by Ian W. D. Dalziel in 1997, is a hypothetical supercontinent that existed from the Pan African orogeny about six hundred million years ago to the end of the Precambrian about five hundred and fifty million years ago. It is also known as the Vendian supercontinent . After that, it split into the islands of Laurentia, Siberia and Baltica, with the main landmass, Gondwana , south of it. ref name palaeos cite web url http www.palaeos.com Earth Geography Pannotia.html title Pannotia work Palaeos accessdate 2006 03 12 ref Formation About 750 million years ago 750 megaannum Ma , the previous supercontinent Rodinia rift ed apart into three continents Proto Laurasia which broke apart and eventually re formed as Laurasia , the continent al craton of Congo craton Congo , and Proto Gondwana all of Gondwana except the Congo craton and Atlantica . Proto Laurasia rotated southward toward the South Pole . Proto Gondwana rotated counterclockwise. The Congo craton came between Proto Gondwana and Proto Laurasia about 600 Ma. This formed Pannotia. With so much landmass around the poles, evidence suggests that there were more glaciers during this time than at any other time in Geologic time scale geologic history . ref cite web url http www.fossilmuseum.net Geological History PreambrianGelogicalHistory.htm title Precambrian Paleobiology work Virtual Fossil Museum accessdate 2006 03 12 ref Geography and lifespan Pannotia looked like a V that faced northeast. Inside the V was an ocean that opened up during the break up of Rodinia , the Panthalassic Ocean , an ocean that became the early Pacific Ocean . There was a mid ocean ridge in the middle of the Panthalassic Ocean. Outside of the V was a very large ancient ocean called the Panafrican Ocean ... more details
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