Rotuman may refer to anything related with the island Rotuma Rotuman people Rotuman language disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2007 ethnic group group Rotuman people image poptime c. 10,000 popplace Rotuma , Fiji , Samoa , New Zealand , Australia , United States rels Methodism , Roman Catholicism langs Rotuman language Rotuman , English language English related Samoans , Tongans , Fijians , other Pacific peoples The Rotuman people are the indigenous inhabitants of Rotuma , a small island group forming part of the Republic of Fiji. The island itself is a cultural melting pot at the crossroads of the Micronesia n, Melanesia n and Polynesia n divisions of the Pacific Ocean, and due to the seafaring nature of traditional Pacific cultures, the indigenous Rotuman have adopted or share many aspects ... to that of their preceding parent cultures. Rotuman mythology typically points to Samoans as the first ... hair. These can be interpreted as throw back from immigrant ancestors. Fact date April 2009 Rotuman appearance is further difficult to categorise as many Rotuman people can point to at least one White ... ships. Rotuman society Rotuman society is one based more on democracy than most other Pacific cultures. While somewhat stratified, Rotuman culture maintains no class distinctions such as in Fijian or Tongan systems, no noble caste, and no sense of primogeniture. The strength of Rotuman society is the high communal nature of activities. Every Rotuman person maintains a strong affinity ... and communal property, such as for agriculture. Rotuman society can be divided, in the broadest sense ... On account of their location, the Rotuman people are often left uncategorised in terms of which Pacific ... people of Samoa and Tonga, the two races commonly attributed in Rotuman mythology as the true parent civilisations. But Rotuman musical tradition prior to European and Central Polynesian influence consisted ... , both very distant cultures. In addition, many of characteristics of the Rotuman language distance ... languages. Category Rotuma Category Rotuman people fi Rotumalaiset lt Rotumai ... more details
Incubator code rtm Infobox language name Rotuman nativename F eag Rotuma states Fiji region Rotuma speakers ... Rotuman languages West Fijian Rotuman iso3 rtm notice IPA Rotuman , also referred to as Rotunan .... Classification of Rotuman is difficult due to the large number of loan word s from Samoan language ... Rotuman branch of the Central Pacific sub group of Oceanic languages . The Rotuman language has sparked .... Unlike its Pacific neighbours, Rotuman is typically considered an subject verb object AVO agent ... center Mid vowel Mid IPA IPA align center Open vowel Open IPA a Rotuman has no phonemic vowel ... pik IPA pi k lazy An important aspect of Rotuman morphonology is what will be hereafter called ... preachers developed their own orthography to write in Rotuman. The prevalent one used today is one from ..., Rotuman Grammar and Dictionary a IPA a or IPA a IPA e IPA e f IPA f g IPA h IPA h i IPA ... of Rotuman phonology, it is not purely phonemic alphabet phonemic . George Milner ref Harvcoltxt ... t ait gather shellfish Text examples This is the Rotuman language version of the Lord s Prayer Our ... Juliette year 1994 title The Bimoraic Foot in Rotuman Phonology and Morphology journal Oceanic Linguistics ... University of Hawai i Press citation last Churchward first C.M. year 1940 title Rotuman Grammar ... B. editor Thomas A. Sebeok year 1971 chapter Fijian and Rotuman title Current Trends in Linguistics ... Saito first Mamoru year 1981 title A Preliminary Account of the Rotuman Vowel System place Cambridge ... in Rotuman title Issues in Austronesian Historical Phonology publisher Pacific Linguistics Research ... Website Rotuman Language Page http www.rotuma.net os languageprjct.htm languagebib Rotuma Website Bibliography of Rotuman Language Studies http www.ling.ohio state.edu ehume metathesis Rotuman.html Rotuman ... ids Rotuman dictionary online select simple or advanced browsing Oceania topic Languages of Category ... hif Rotuman bhasa fr Rotuman pms Lenga Rotuman pl J zyk rotuma ski ru sm Gagana Rotuma ... more details
Infobox language family name West Fijian Rotuman region Fiji and Rotuma familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific fam5 West Fijian Polynesian child1 Rotuman language Rotuman child2 West Fijian languages West Fijian sil 1155 16 West Fijian Rotuman languages are a language group that includes the West Fijian languages and the Rotuman language . Components Rotuman language Rotuman West Fijian languages Namosi Naitasiri Serua language Namosi Naitasiri Serua Western Fijian language Western Fijian DEFAULTSORT West Fijian Rotuman Languages Category Languages of Fiji Fiji stub Au lang stub es Lenguas rotuman fiyiano occidentales fr Langues fidjiennes occidentales et rotumanne mk ... more details
Other uses Fara disambiguation Fara literally, to ask in Rotuman language Rotuman is a traditional Rotuma n cultural and social event, occurring in the summertime festival of av manea party time in Rotuman language Rotuman where groups of singers and dancers traverse from house to house in a prescribed area to perform and entertain their hosts, asking , as the name suggests, for their hospitality and participation. Manea hune ele, the forerunner to fara It is believed that fara traces its roots back to the manea hune ele beach parties of old, where young people would picnic at the beach from late afternoon through night time, singing, dancing and making merry. For young people it was primarily undertaken as a carefree environment in which they could spend time with prospective partners without the prying eyes of a normal close knit Rotuman community. However, the politically powerful churches, particularly the Methodist Church , fearing the rise in immoral behaviour resulting from such licentious escapades, and family s fears of loss of the socially important virginity girls were expected to be married with their virginity intact, attracting a higher bride price in traditional betrothals sparked calls to end the practice of manea hune ele. According to research, in the search to replace the tradition, the practice of fara was created, providing a more wholesome way for the young to court. Modern day fara Modern fara involves groups of performers of varying size, often travelling in village or sometimes even district sized groups. Once at a particular house or hall, they begin dancing and singing, accompanied by guitar s, Drum kit drums and ukulele , and invite the hosts to join in. In return the recipients of this entertainment give the performers food and drink, usually ... Rotuman social environments with perfume or talcum powder. This historically involved home made turmeric ... of the year for Rotuman people the world over. It is common for groups of Rotuman individuals who ... more details
Nobility of Fiji Sau , often mistranslated as King , refers to the role of spiritual leader in pre Christian Rotuma Rotuman society . The title was neither primogeniture primogenitary nor held for a lifetime, but rather was cycled through the chiefs of each of Rotuma s districts. The position of sau was primarily tied into Rotuma s pre Christian fertility cult and the worship of the supreme deity Tagroa Siria . This is reflected in the fact that each reign was generally for the six month ritual cycle of the Rotuman calendar . At the beginning of each sau s reign, they would be installed by the fakpure or secular ruler, and would subsequently be deified for six months, in the polity s hope that the appeasement of the sau, as a proxy for the God on earth, would result in prosperity and peace on the island. There were also instances where the sau was female, then called sauhani . The other major political roles in Rotuman society were the fakpure and the mua . List of title holders table width 70 border 1 align center cellpadding 3 cellspacing 0 style margin 5px border 3px solid td width 10 style border bottom 3px solid background efefef Order td width 20 style border bottom 3px solid background efefef Reigned td width 70 style border bottom 3px solid background efefef Sau 1. unknown Sauhani 2. unknown Kaurifanua 3. unknown Riamkau 4. unknown Kaufose 5. unknown Taio Rotuma Taio 6. unknown Fonomanu 7. unknown Varomua 8. unknown Tiu I 9. unknown Marafu Kauat 10. unknown Irava 11. unknown Tokoara 12. unknown Asesekava 13. unknown Mariseu 14. unknown Sakanane 15. unknown Tausia 16. unknown Sautupuak 17. unknown Paka Rotuma Paka 18. unknown Ravak 19. unknown Tokoniua 20. unknown Titofag 21. unknown Irava 22. unknown Ravak 23. unknown Tua Oajo 24. 1820 Gagafag 25. 1825 Fatafesi 26. 1829 Fatenefau 27. 1833 Vuna 28. 1838 Fatafesi 29. 1838 Tamanava 30. 1839 Solovalu 31. 1839 Riamkau 32. 1839 Tirasoko 33. 1840 Otorovao 34. 1841 Ragafua 35. 1843 Vaurasi 36. 1843 Vavaoti 37. 1845 ... more details
Tagroa Siria God Above , or God the Highest in the Rotuman language was the supreme deity in pre Christian Rotuma Rotuman society . He is understood to be the Rotuman version of the pan Pacific deity Tangaroa . In Rotuman mythology, he was said to live in Oroi ta literally the hidden , meaning the underworld like spirit region , and was the mana most powerful of all the deities in the Rotuman Pantheon gods pantheon . Like most faith systems at the time, his main role was as part of the fertility cult , ensuring the prosperity of the island and its people. First born sons in Rotuman families were tossed in the air as a dedication to Tagroa. See also Tagaloa Samoan mythology Tangaloa Tongan mythology Kanaloa Hawaiian mythology Tangaroa New Zealand Maori mythology Category Fijian mythology Category Oceanian deities Category Fertility gods Oceania myth stub ... more details
noreferences date September 2011 Mak Sa moa is an informal Dance of Rotuma Rotuman dance form derived from Samoa n movement styles Mak Sa moa meaning Samoan Dance in Rotuman language Rotuman , including the style of hand movements between man and woman, and the shuffling twisting of the feet in and out, as in the Siva Samoa . Although considered a traditional Rotuman dance style, and having been used informally for some time, it wasn t until recent contact with Samoans such as missionaries for the London Missionary Society or the Methodist Church of Fiji and Rotuma that Rotumans realised the art form was in fact borrowed from early Samoan ancestors, such as Raho , to whom Rotumans attribute as the founders of the islands. Mak Sa moa is generally nowadays more popular amongst older generations of Rotuman people, who appreciate it s varying but generally slower pace, and the style of music and lyric as being more Rotuman than the popular Mak Rarotoga whose borrowed tunes emulate the fastpaced Tahiti an and Rarotonga n dances of otea and tamure , and are commonly danced at the Rotuman festivity of the av mane a season, the Rotuman fara Rotuman festivity fara . Sources Rotuman Music and Dance http www.rotuma.net os Music.html Category Fijian dance Category Rotuma Mak Sa moa ... more details
Rotuma may refer to Rotuma Group a group of vocanic islands that consitute a dependancy of Fiji Rotuma Island the main island in that group Rotuma Rotuman Communal Constituency, Fiji an electoral division of Fiji, the sole communal constituency reserved for citizens of Rotuman descent Rotuma genus a monotypic fish genus in the Xenisthmidae family Rotuma Myzomela a species of honeyeater endemic to Rotuma See also Rotuman disambig de Rotuma nl Rotuma ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Lio On Fam r Rotuma or LFR meaning Voice of the Rotuman People in Rotuman language Rotuman is a List of political parties in Fiji political party in Fiji , which seeks to represent the interests of the Rotuma n people in their main representative constituency, that is, the Rotuma Rotuman Communal Constituency, Fiji Rotuman Communal Constituencies Fiji Communal Constituency , which elects a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives Fiji House of Representatives for all people of Rotuman descent across the nation of Fiji . Although yet to win a seat in Parliament, the Party tightly contested the Elections in Fiji parliamentary elections of Fijian general election, 1999 1999 and Fijian general election, 2001 2001 . The party has faced some controversy over its short history, primarily related to the mismanagement of funds and donations, and having lost some face did not offer a candidate in the Fijian general election, 2006 2006 election . Political parties in Fiji DEFAULTSORT Lio On Famor Rotuma Party Fiji Category Political parties in Fiji Category Rotuma ... more details
Infobox language family name Central Pacific altname Fijian Polynesian region Fiji and Polynesia familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic child1 East Fijian languages East Fijian child2 West Fijian Rotuman languages West Fijian Rotuman child3 Polynesian languages Polynesian map Fijian Polynesian.svg mapcaption The Central Pacific languages br Green is East Fijian, pink Western Fijian Rotuman, and ocher Polynesian not shown Rapanui language Rapa Nui The family of Central Pacific languages , also known as Fijian Polynesian , are a branch of the Oceanic languages . Classification Analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database 2008 ref http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref gave full support to the unity of Central Pacific, of a primary split with Fijian language Bau East Fijian , a secondary split with Rotuman language Rotuman West Fijian, and the unity of Polynesian. This contradicts the traditional classification of the East Fijian languages being closest to Polynesian. East Fijian languages West Fijian Polynesian West Fijian Rotuman languages Polynesian languages The same analysis showed a relationship with the Micronesian languages at a 70 confidence level. References Reflist Category Languages of Oceania Category Oceanic languages au lang stub es Lenguas del Pac fico central fr Langues du Pacifique central hr Centralnopacifi ki jezici mk ... more details
SAU may stand for wiktionarypar sau Saint Ambrose University Social Affairs Unit Southern Adventist University Southern Arkansas University Southern Arkansas University Tech Spring Arbor University Sindh Agriculture University Sau is also the name of A Catalonian water reservoir in the Ter River Ter river , named after the town drowned by its creation Sau band , a 90s Catalan pop group Sau Rotuman king , The title of the Rotuman king One of Three Star Gods , still considered auspicious by the Chinese disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image tautoga1981.jpg thumb 240px right Rotuman tautoga performed in 1981 commemorating Rotuma s cession to Great Britain Dance in Rotuma refers to the traditional and modern dance styles performed by the people of the island of Rotuma , which became a dependency of Fiji in 1881. Despite Rotuma s political and historical links with Fiji , the island s culture shows strong Polynesia n influences, particularly from Samoa and Tonga , which, along with Fiji, feature strongly in the history and traditions of the Rotuman people . Situated approximately Convert 465 km abbr on north of Fiji, Rotuma s relatively remote position ensures that the island still maintains major linguistic, historical, and cultural distinctions from its neighbours. However, the main styles of Rotuman dance, the Tautoga , the Mak Sa moa and the Mak Rarotoga , show clearer influence from neighbouring cultures than most facets of the culture. See also Fara Rotuman festivity List of dances Oceania topic Dance in Culture of Oceania DEFAULTSORT Dance In Rotuma Category Rotuma Dance of Rotuma Category Fijian dance Dance stub Fiji stub ... more details
Tavo is a Sau Rotuman king Sau often mistranslated as King , who reigned in 1867 on Rotuma for a period of six months. He was the 83rd title holder. External links http fijibure.com rulers.htm Fijibure http www.worldstatesmen.org Fiji.html Rotuma World Statesman Category Rotuma Sau ... more details
File RotumaMap.png thumb 300px Map showing districts of Rotuma Noa tau is one of the seven Districts of Rotuma districts on the island of Rotuma , a Dependent territory dependency of Fiji . It includes the villages of Maragteu and Fekeoko . ref cite web url http www.rotuma.net os Districts noatau.htm title Noa tau work Rotuma.net accessdate 10 June 2010 ref Noa tau is the most easterly district on the island. Because Rotuma s chiefly system is often incorrectly associated with Fiji an precepts of chiefdom by Westerners, it is considered the chiefly village on the island, because it s chiefs are traditionally assigned first service in the Rotuman kava culture kava ceremony , ever since their victory for the Methodism Wesleyan missionary missionaries side in the Rotuman Religious Wars in the 19th century. References reflist Rotuma coord missing Fiji DEFAULTSORT Noa tau Category Districts of Rotuma Fiji geo stub ... more details
Infobox language name Western Fijian states Fiji region western half of Viti Levu , Waya Islands speakers 57,000 date 1977 familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian MP fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific fam5 West Fijian Rotuman languages West Fijian Rotuman fam6 West Fijian languages West Fijian iso3 wyy Western Fijian is an Oceanic languages Oceanic language spoken in Fiji by about 57,000 people. External links ethnologue wyy Category Languages of Fiji au lang stub fr Fidjien occidental ... more details
Infobox language name Namosi Naitasiri Serua states Fiji region Namosi, Serua, Naitasiri provinces speakers 1,627 date 2000 familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian MP fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific fam5 West Fijian Rotuman languages West Fijian Rotuman fam6 West Fijian languages West Fijian iso3 bwb Namosi Naitasiri Serua is an Oceanic languages Oceanic language spoken in Fiji by about 1600 people. External links ethnologue bwb Category Languages of Fiji Fiji stub au lang stub fr Namosi naitasiri serua hr Namosi Naitasiri Serua jezik pms Lenga Namosi Naitasiri Serua ... more details
sources date February 2009 Kato aga is a broad term in the Rotuman language summing up all the intricate ceremonies and gatherings of Rotuman culture . In particular, it refers to the ceremonies involved in celebrating the achievements of people of high rank, or identifying their elevation to important positions of authority within Fiji or internationally. Recent kato aga have been held for Chief Justice of Fiji Chief Justice Daniel Fatiaki upon elevation to being the head of Judiciary of Fiji , and to Major General George Konrote when he became Commander of UNIFIL . Category Ceremonies Category Rotuma ... more details
T fui are the unique Garland decoration garlands of the Pacific Island , Rotuma . They are made by tying multiple fui t nt ne leaves polyscias and sweet smelling flowers in the shape of a star , with modern adaptations using wool or ribbon. The number of fui used is dependent on the situation. The Rotuman t fui is used primarily as part of traditional ceremonies and celebrations kato aga , both happy and sad. Uses of the t fui Similar to the Native Hawaiians Hawai ian Lei Hawaii lei , presenting an individual is a sign of affection, given with the intent of indicating their emotional or social value. They hold particular importance within the context of traditional Rotuman ceremonies collectively called kato aga , adorning individuals, such as the recipients in the installation of gagaja chief s or traditional welcoming ceremonies, or things such as graves or headstones after traditional death ceremonies. When adorning individuals, the t fui will consist of 5 or 7 fuis, irrespective of whether the recipient is a man or woman. Alternately, in the instance of a grave setting, fui are arranged in rows around a grave site, with poles holding the rows of fui up. This is done on the teran lima fifth day in Rotuman language Rotuman , referring to the fifth day after a death, when the major mourning period is meant to end. T fui are also used as part of the costume in Dance of Rotuma Rotuman dances , particularly the tautoga , with the numbers of fui varying between men and women. In the case of male dancers, their fui will number 5 or 7, whereas the female dancers where one singluar fui, tied around their neck with a leaf of the Cordyline australis . DEFAULTSORT Tefui Category Rotuma Category Polynesian clothing Category Fijian culture ... more details
Nobility of Fiji Gagaja IPA fj a at a is a Rotuman language Rotuman word denoting the position of Chief or Lord . This could be a formal chiefly position in one of the seven districts gagaj es itu u or a village chief fa es ho aga as well as to anyone else, such as the Chairman of the Rotuma Island Council Gagaj Jeaman ta to whom respect and deference is owed based on their own skills and attributes. Unlike in many other Pacific cultures, the official chiefly positions are not allocated according to any strict primogeniture , but rather are elected from all eligible males within certain k inaga family or clan groups to whom the chiefly title belongs. Chiefs in Rotuma In modern Rotuma, gagaja is the major traditional leadership position, other than mata or district representatives. Gagaja exist at two levels Gagaj es itu u These are the district chiefs, who represent each of the seven districts on the Rotuma Island Council, the main deliberative body for the island of Rotuma. In addition to these duties, they oversee the day to day life of the district, assembling villagers to assist in large projects, which he organises with the consensus given by villagers in village meetings, which he chairs. The district chiefs are ranked, and served kava and food in ceremonial settings in an order dictated by their serving rank. The serving rank is determined by the role they played in the last war. Given that Rotuma hasn t seen any war since the Rotuman Religious Wars , this order hasn t changed since 1878. The order is Noa tau Oinafa Itu ti u Malhaha Pepjei Juju Itu muta This order reflects ... by the fa es ho aga man with village in the Rotuman language . Fa es ho aga are appointed from the chiefly ... . References Churchward, C. Maxwell, 1940, Rotuman Grammar and Dictionary , Sydney Australasian Medical ... Rensel, 2007, Island Legacy A History of the Rotuman People , Hawaii, Trafford Publishing Inia, Elisapeti, 2002, Kato aga Rotuman Ceremonies , IPS, Fiji Islands Category Rotuma Gajaja ... more details
Rotuma Day is an annual celebration on the island of Rotuma , a Fiji an Local government of Fiji dependency . It falls on May 13, the anniversary of the island s cession to the United Kingdom in 1881. As there are more people of Rotuman people Rotuman descent outside Rotuma than on the island, Citation needed date May 2010 celebrations are held in other centres besides Rotuma, with big events in Suva and Lautoka . 2005 festivities The 2005 events marked the 124th anniversary of the annexation of the island to the United Kingdom. Speaking at the Suva celebration, Fiji s High Commissioner to Australia , Major Jioje Konrote , himself a Rotuman Islander, commended Rotumans living outside Rotuma for maintaining their links to their homelands. There are some two thousand people on Rotuma, with a further ten thousand Rotumans in metropolitan Fiji. Joji Kotobalavu , Chief Executive of the List of Prime Ministers of Fiji Prime Minister s office, told Rotumans that their island would always be a special part of Fiji, recognized alongside the fourteen provinces. He commended them for their disproportionate achievements and contributions towards the development of Fiji as a country, while Labour Minister Kenneth Zinck paid tribute to the many Rotumans to have distinguished themselves in the fields of education, medicine, business, and society. seems dated... External links http www.fijitimes.com story.aspx?id 88820 Rotumans celebrate big day , Fiji Times , May 11, 2008 Category Rotuma Category Public holidays in Fiji Category May observances ca Dia de Rotuma ... more details
Infobox language family name East Fijian region Fiji familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Pacific languages Central Pacific child1 Fijian language Fijian child2 Gone Dau language Gone Dau child3 Lauan language Lauan child4 Lomaiviti language Lomaiviti The East Fijian languages are a subgroup of the Central Pacific languages Central Pacific Fijian Polynesian languages. They are four Fijian language Fijian , Gone Dau language Gone Dau , Lauan language Lauan and Lomaiviti language Lomaiviti all spoken within Fiji . The West Fijian languages are more closely related to Rotuman language Rotuman and to the Polynesian languages Polynesian than they are to East Fijian. citation needed date February 2012 External links http www.ethnologue.com show family.asp?subid 92033 Ethnologue report for East Fijian Category Languages of Fiji au lang stub Fiji stub fr Langues fidjiennes orientales hr Isto nofid ijski jezici mk ... more details
Infobox athlete image imagesize caption birth name Rupeni Fesaitu Varea nationality residence birth date bda 1968 8 13 birth place Oinafa , Rotuma height weight country flagicon Fiji Fiji sport Olympic weightlifting Weightlifting event coach worlds regionals nationals olympics 1996 Summer Olympics highestranking pb medaltemplates show medals Rupeni Fesaitu Varea born 13 August 1968 is a Rotuman people Rotuman weightlifter who represented Fiji . Career 1996 Olympic Games Varea represented Fiji at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games . He finished 17th in the light heavyweight 75 82.5 kg category . ref cite web url http www.sports reference.com olympics athletes va rupeni varea 1.html title Rupeni Varea publisher sports reference.com accessdate 2009 03 24 ref 1998 Commonwealth Games He was selected as the best performer of the Fiji contingent at the Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . This followed his fifth overall placing in the 85 kg class ahead of New Zealander James Swann with a total lift of 310 kg. ref http www.rotuma.net os NewsArchive Archive1998 archive9809.htm ref He and Fijian rugby union centre Ravai Fatiaki are second cousins. References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Varea, Rupeni ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Fijian weightlifter DATE OF BIRTH 13 August 1968 PLACE OF BIRTH Oinafa , Rotuma DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Varea, Rupeni Category Olympic weightlifters of Fiji Category Rotuman people Category Weightlifters at the 1996 Summer Olympics Category 1968 births Category Living people Category Date of birth missing living people Category Place of birth missing living people Fiji bio stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
