About numerical rounding lip rounding in phonetics Labialisation other uses Rounding disambiguation Rounding ... 312 937 with 1 3, or the expression 2 with 1.414. Rounding is often done on purpose to obtain ..., rounding introduces some round off error in the result. Rounding is almost unavoidable in many computations ... with a fixed number of significant digits. In a sequence of calculations, these rounding .... Accurate rounding of transcendental function transcendental mathematical functions is difficult ... cannot be known in advance. This problem is known as the table maker s dilemma . Rounding has many ... physical quantities must be encoded by numbers or digital signal s. Types of rounding Typical rounding ... seconds a multiple of 15 . Rounding to a specified increment The most common type of rounding is to round to an integer or, more generally, to an integer multiple of some increment such as rounding to whole ... dozens or thousands, etc.. In general, rounding a number x to a multiple of some specified increment ... cdot m , math For example, rounding x 2.1784 dollars to whole cents i.e., to a multiple of 0.01 entails computing y x m 2.1784 0.01 217.84, then rounding ... 2.18. When rounding to a predetermined number of significant figure significant digits , the increment ... real value has at least a dozen distinct concrete definitions presented in the Rounding to integer rounding to integer section. The abstract two argument round function is formally defined here ... definitions. Rounding to integer The most basic form of rounding is to replace an arbitrary number by an integer. All the following rounding modes are concrete implementations of the abstract single argument round function presented and used in the previous sections. There are many ways of rounding ... four methods are called directed rounding , as the displacements from the original number y to the rounded ... table illustrates these rounding methods class wikitable style text align center width 25 y width ... more details
Image Cash rounding receipts.jpg 250px thumb Swedish resavrundning receipts click to enlarge Swedish krona SEK left centre right gross 223.20 324.88 65.40 net 223.00 324.88 65.50 rounded down unrounded debit card rounded up Swedish rounding is rounding the basic cost of a purchase which is to be paid for in cash to the nearest multiple of the smallest denomination currency denomination of currency . The term Swedish rounding is used mostly in Australia , where such a method has been practised since the 1990s. Details Rounding becomes necessary where low denomination coin s in a currency ... it may not be possible to make exact change for a purchase, rounding the total bill to the lowest ... tendered using credit card , debit card , EFTPOS or cheque , no rounding is necessary. The practice ... resavrundning , meaning re rounding . A similar system was later adopted by the Reserve Bank ... rounding came into use in both countries. Mechanics Rounding with 1 intervals This is used in the United ... set there, such as gasoline gas price are rounded to the next whole cent. Rounding with 5c intervals ... cents for sales ending in 3c, 4c, 8c, 9c Values ending in 0c or 5c remain unchanged. Rounding with 10c ... up for sales ending in 5 re. Rounding with 25 re intervals The following system was used in Denmark ... 99 re round up to the next whole Danish krone . Rounding with 50 re intervals The system used in Norway ... since 1 October 2008 ref cite web title New rounding rules publisher Danmarks Nationalbank url http www.nationalbanken.dk DNUK NotesAndCoins.nsf side New rounding rules OpenDocument accessdate ... in File Cash rounding receipts.jpg 20px click the image ref Rounding is only done on the total ... krone, so that no rounding takes place. Rounding with 1 krona intervals The system used in Sweden ... South African rand from 1 April 2002 onwards , rounding is done to the nearest 5c ref cite web url ... krona Swiss franc Rounding related social issues Efforts to eliminate the penny in the United States ... more details
For the arithmetical operation rounding Context date October 2009 Rounding up is a phenomenon that occurs in sailing when the helmsman or tiller handler is no longer able to control the direction of the boat and it heads up or rounds up into the wind, causing the boat to slow down or stall out. This occurs when the wind overpowers the ability of the rudder to maintain a straight course. For example, the sailboat may heel over so far that the rudder no longer engages in the water, or only to such a small extent that it can no longer steer the boat. When this happens is dependent on a number of factors such as the velocity of the wind, design of the sailboat hull and rudder and shape of the sails. While not usually dangerous, the occurrence of rounding up can be startling to the skipper or helmsman of the boat. The boat turns into the eye of the wind with all sails fluttering. However, once the boat has rounded up and lies into the wind, control can be readily regained by steering the boat off the wind to refill the sails with wind and regain the desired course. Rounding up is in fact a safety design of most sailboats that can help prevent a knock down and allow the helmsman to regain control of the boat. An occasional round up may simply be the result of a strong gust of wind. If it occurs regularly, this may be a sign that too much sail is raised and the crew may need to lower one or more sails, change to smaller sails, or reefing reef in the mainsail . In smaller sailboats such as a sunfish dinghy Sunfish or laser dinghy Laser where the sail cannot be lessened or reefed, frequent round ups may be a sign that the wind conditions are becoming too strong for the boat, such as anything approaching a small craft advisory Small Craft Exercise Caution condition, and the sailor s should immediately proceed to shelter. References Unreferenced date February 2007 Sailing manoeuvres ... more details
to return an approximately optimal solution given any input. Randomized rounding ... http books.google.com books?id QKVY4mDivBEC&q randomized rounding v snippet&q randomized 20rounding ... and thus a solution to the original problem . This is called rounding the fractional solution ... of the optimal integer solution. The main technique used to do this is to use randomization in the rounding process, and then to use probabilistic techniques to bound the increase in cost due to the rounding ... probability the randomized rounding process produces an integer solution math x math that approximates ... so that the step can remain randomized or one Derandomization derandomizes the rounding step, typically using the method of conditional probabilities . The latter method converts the randomized rounding ... to other applications of the probabilistic method The randomized rounding step differs from most applications of the probabilistic method in two respects The computational complexity of the rounding ... rounding can be used to design an approximation algorithm for the Set Cover problem. Fix any instance ... set cover . Step 3 The randomized rounding step Here is a description of the third step the rounding ... solution math x math corresponding to a true set cover . The rounding step should produce an math ... natural rounding scheme For each set math s in mathcal S math in turn, take math x s 1 math with probability math min 1,x s math , otherwise take math x s 0 math . With this rounding scheme, the expected ..., the standard rounding scheme first scales up the rounding probabilities by an appropriate factor math lambda 1 math . Here is the standard rounding scheme Fix a parameter math lambda ge 1 math ... zero probability. Here is a detailed analysis. lemma approximation guarantee for rounding scheme Fix math lambda ln 2 mathcal U math . With positive probability, the rounding scheme returns a set ... rounding scheme has the desired properties as long as none of the following bad events occur the cost ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2011 Infobox book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Rounding the Mark title orig Il giro di boa translator Stephen Sartarelli image Image Roundingthemark.jpg 200px image caption author Andrea Camilleri cover artist country Italy , Sicily language Italian language Italian Sicilian language Sicilian series Salvo Montalbano Inspector Salvo Montalbano , 7 genre Crime novel Crime , Mystery novel publisher Macmillan Publishers Macmillan Picador imprint Picador release date 2003 orig. & 2006 Eng. trans. media type Print Hardcover , Paperback pages isbn ISBN 0330442198 Eng. trans. oclc 80331835 preceded by The Scent of the Night followed by The Patience of the Spider Rounding the Mark orig. Italian Il giro di boa is a 2003 novel by Andrea Camilleri , translated into English in 2006 by Stephen Sartarelli . It is the seventh novel in the internationally popular Inspector Montalbano series. Frustrated by his department s repressive handling of security for the G8 summit in Genoa, Montalbano seriously considers resigning. His attempt to unwind with a casual swim along the Sicilian seashore fails when he discovers a corpse in the water. The inspector s pursuit of the cause of death intersects with another mystery the inquiry into a hit and run that claimed the life of a young boy who may have been victimized by human traffickers. When Montalbano realizes that he may have inadvertently aided the boy s victimizers, his internal turmoil intensifies. Category 2003 novels Category Inspector Montalbano novels Category Italian novels Category Novels set in Sicily Inspector Montalbano crime novel stub it Il giro di boa ... more details
File Nearest integer.svg thumb 300px A plot of the nearest integer function, rounding to the nearest even integer In computer science , the nearest integer function of real number x denoted variously by math x math , ref MathWorld title Nearest Integer Function urlname NearestIntegerFunction accessdate 2008 08 15 ref math lfloor x rceil math , math Vert x Vert math , ref cite book author J.W.S. Cassels title An introduction to Diophantine approximation series Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics volume 45 publisher Cambridge University Press year 1957 page 1 ref nint x , or Round x , is a function mathematics function which returns the nearest integer to x . To avoid ambiguity when operating on half integer s, a rounding rule must be chosen. On most computer implementations, the selected rule is to round half integers to the nearest even number even integer for example, math 1.25 1 math math 1.50 2 math math 1.75 2 math math 2.25 2 math math 2.50 2 math math 2.75 3 math math 3.25 3 math math 3.50 4 math math 3.75 4 math math 4.50 4 math etc. This is in accordance with the IEEE 754 standards and helps reduce bias in the result. There are many other possible rules for rounding Tie breaking tie breaking when rounding a half integer include rounding up, rounding down, rounding to or away from zero, or random rounding up or down. See also Floor and ceiling functions References references Category Mathematical notation Category Elementary special functions Category Parity Category Article Feedback 5 th ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 In computer science , precision of a numerical quantity is a measure of the detail in which the quantity is expressed. This is usually measured in bits, but sometimes in decimal digits. It is related to precision arithmetic precision in mathematics , which describes the number of digits that are used to express a value. Rounding error further2 Floating point Precision is often the source of rounding error s in computation . The number of bits used to store a number will often cause some loss of accuracy. An example would be to store sin 0.1 in IEEE single precision floating point standard. The error is then often magnified as subsequent computations are made to the data it can also be reduced . See also Integer computer science Arbitrary precision arithmetic Precision arithmetic IEEE754 IEEE floating point standard Category Computer data ja ... more details
In sedimentology, maturity describes the composition of grains in sandstone sandstones occurring from various amounts of sediment transportation. It occurs when the grains in a sediment become Sorting sediment well sorted and Rounding sediment well rounded due to weathering of the grains. There are two components to maturity texture geology texture how rounded and sorted and composition how much the composition trends toward stable mineral s and components . Mature sediment is more uniform in appearance, for the edges of the grains in the sediment are smoother and are of a similar size. Conversely, an immature sediment contains angular grains, diverse grain sizes, and is compositionally diverse. ref name Boggs2006 cite book author Boggs Jr., S. year 2006 title Sedimentology and Stratigraphy publisher Pearson Education isbn 0 13 154728 3 url ref As the sediment is transported, the unstable minerals react with their surroundings or weather away to leave more stable minerals, such as quartz . Mature sediments, which contain stable minerals, generally have a smaller variety of minerals than immature sediments, which can contain both stable and unstable minerals. One measure of this maturity is the ZTR index . A rock sample from a river downstream is likely to be more mature than one found upstream, since the original sediment has been subject to more weathering conditions as it travels downstream. See also Rounding sediment Rounding Sorting sediment Sorting Sediment transport References reflist geology stub Category Sedimentology ... more details
LEFT HALF RING BELOW , to indicate greater or lesser degrees of rounding. These more rounded .... Types of rounding align right valign top Image Vowel narrow compressed 2.jpg left 150px thumb Compressed rounding example 1 valign top Image Vowel narrow protruded 2.jpg left 150px thumb Protruded rounding example 1 valign top Image Vowel narrow compressed 1.png left 150px thumb Compressed rounding example 2 valign top Image Vowel narrow protruded 1.png left 150px thumb Protruded rounding example 2 There are two types of vowel rounding protruded and compressed . ref Endolabial also called protruded , lip pouting, horizontal lip rounding, outrounding, and inner rounding Trask 1996 180 br Exolabial also called compressed , pursed, vertical lip rounding, inrounding, or outer rounding Trask 1996 252 br Henry Sweet noted in 1890 that the term inner rounding derives from the use of the inner ... 1996 180. ref In protruded rounding, the corners of the mouth are drawn together and the lips protrude like a tube, with their inner surface visible. In compressed rounding, the corners of the mouth ... is IPAslink , which in English has very little if any rounding of the lips. The throaty sound ... languages of Papua New Guinea, historically rounded vowels have become unrounded, with the rounding ... more details
of numbers, but can be reduced by the use of guard digit s. Double rounding can increase the round ... 9.9 , the round off error is only 0.045309. There are five standard ways of performing the rounding ... rounding to zero . 0. overline 142857 0.142 dropping all significant digits after the third . rounding ... to round to the even number. 0. overline 142857 0.143 rounding the fourth significant digit. This is rounded up because 8 5 . 0. overline 142857 0.14 rounding the third significant digit. This is rounded ... whether it is rounded up or down because a rounding error of the same magnitude will occur. A common ... of rounding errors. See also Precision arithmetic Truncation Rounding Floating point Machine epsilon ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Image Sorting in sediment.svg thumb 250px Sediment consisting of well sorted grains left compared with poorly sorted grains right . Sorting indicates the distribution of Particle size grain size of sediment s, either in unconsolidated deposits or in sedimentary rock s. Poorly sorted indicates that the sediment sizes are mixed large variance whereas well sorted indicates that the sediment sizes are similar low variance . The degree of sorting may also indicate the energy and or duration of Deposition sediment deposition . Well sorted rocks are generally porous, while poorly sorted rocks have low porosity . Sorting is the degree to which particles are the same size See also Rounding sediment Rounding Porosity Soil texture Sediment transport DEFAULTSORT Sorting Sediment Category Sedimentary rocks Petrology stub nl Sortering ru ... more details
Infobox IPA above Labialized ipa symbol Sound change Lip rounding redirects here. See Roundedness for the lip rounding of vowels. Labialization is a Secondary articulation secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages. Labialized sounds involve the lips while the remainder of the mouth oral cavity produces another sound. The term is normally restricted to consonant s. When vowels involve the lips, they are called roundedness rounded . The most common labialized consonants are Labialized velar consonant labialized velars . Most other labialized sounds also have simultaneous velarization , and the process may then be more precisely called labio velarization . Labialization may also refer to a type of Assimilation linguistics assimilation process. Where found Labialization is the most widespread secondary articulation in the world s languages. It is phonemically contrastive in Northwest Caucasian languages Northwest Caucasian e.g. Adyghe language Adyghe , Athabaskan languages ... French shares the English language English slight rounding of IPA , while Russian language Russian does not have slight rounding in its postalveolar fricatives IPA . ref Harvcoltxt Ladefoged ... is not restricted to lip rounding. The following articulations have either been described as labialization, or been found as allophone allophonic realizations of prototypical labialization Labial rounding ... k without noticeable rounding protrusion of the lips, found in the Iroquoian languages Citation ... January 2010 Rounding without velarization, found in Shona language Shona Citation needed date January ... There are also diacritics, respectively IPA , , to indicate greater or lesser degrees of rounding ... has two additional symbols for degrees of rounding Spread IPA and open rounded IPA sup ... articles shosted.pdf ref The open rounding of English IPA is also unvelarized. Labial assimilation ... Caucasian languages as well as some Australian languages rounding has shifted from the vowels ... more details
numbers, the result is rounding rounded to the number of significant figures in the factor with the least ... place. Rounding rules Because significance arithmetic involves rounding, it is useful to understand a specific rounding rule that is often used when doing scientific calculations the Rounding Round half to even round to even rule also called banker s rounding . It is especially useful when dealing ... rounding rules. Whereas traditional rounding always rounds up when the following digit is 5, bankers sometimes round down to eliminate this upwards bias. See the article on rounding for more information on rounding rules and a detailed explanation of the round to even rule. Disagreements about ... expressing more information than the experimenter actually knows, and for avoiding rounding ... Rounding Propagation of uncertainty Significant figures Accuracy and precision MANIAC III External links ... more details
merge Bogie date April 2012 An articulated bogie is any one of a number of bogie designs that allow railway equipment to safely turn sharp corners, while reducing or eliminating the screeching normally associated with metal wheels rounding a bend in the rails. There are a number of such designs, and the term is also applied to train sets that incorporate articulation in the vehicle, as opposed to the bogies themselves. File Bogie Vehicle Schematic French .svg thumb 400px right Bogies allow the wheels to more closely follow the direction of the rails when travelling around a curve in the railroad. Railway bogies, from the small models used on tram s to the largest models on Well car container cars , generally consist of four metal wheel s. These are connected together using two axle s to form two sets of two connected wheels. The two sets of connected wheels are then connected together in a chassis. Depending on the terminology, the entire assembly, or just the chassis, is known as a bogie. Bogies are normally connected to the train car above using a rotating connection although this is not universal. When rounding a bend in the rails, the pivot allows the bogie to rotate independently of the train car. This is important, because the two ends of the train car are pointed in different directions with respect to the rails. Without the rotation, rounding a bend of sufficiently small radius will cause the wheels to ride up onto the rails, and potentially derail the car. Even at much lower radii, the same effect causes the flanges on the wheels to rub against the rails, causing the characteristic screeching sound. If one considers a single bogie up close , it resembles a small rail car with axles at either end. The same effect that causes the bogies to rub against the rails at longer radius causes each of the pairs of wheels to rub on the rails and cause the screeching. Articulated bogies add a second pivot point between the two axles to allow them to rotate to the correc ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A vowel dimension is an aspect of a vowel s pronunciation, involving a phonological or phonetic feature which is utilised in a language. The basic vowel dimensions are generally viewed as being vowel backness and Vowel height height these dimensions are manifested in most of the world s languages. Some languages, though, distinguish vertical vowel system s, which are usually based around a contrast in height Arrernte people Arrernte , Ubykh language Ubykh and Wichita language Wichita are three such languages. These two phonological features are generally viewed to be true dimensions , since they correspond to actual spatial movement in two physical dimensions. These dimensions can be extraordinarily complex in themselves the Bavarian German Bavarian dialect of German language German exhibits five height contrasts. However, other dimensions can exist see also vowel , sometimes quite complex ones. Half labialisation rounding and rounding in some dialects of Swedish language Swedish mean that these dialects exhibit a three dimensional vowel system, with non binary oppositions in each direction. See also Vertical vowel system DEFAULTSORT Vowel Dimension Category Vowels ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Plasmodium gabaldoni image caption image image width regnum Protista phylum Apicomplexa classis Aconoidasida ordo Haemosporida familia Plasmodiidae genus Plasmodium species P. gabaldoni binomial Plasmodium gabaldoni binomial authority Garnham, 1977 Plasmodium gabaldoni is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Giovannolaia . Like all Plasmodium species P. gabaldoni has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are bird s. Description The parasite was first described by Garnham in 1977. The trophozoites are round, have a large vacuole and a large Cell nucleus nucleus . Up to five pigment granules may be present clumped into a single mass. Multiple trophozoites may be found within the same host cell. Each trophozoite gives rise to 12 36 average 24 merozoites . The meront s surround the host nucleus and frequently induce rounding of the host cell. Protozoal merogony Merogony usually takes 24 hours. Gametocyte s surround the host nucleus and cause rounding of the host cell. Geographical occurrence This parasite is found in Venezuela . Clinical features and host pathology P. gabaldoni infects muscovy ducks Cairina moschata and rock pigeons Columba livia . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Plasmodium Gabaldoni Category Plasmodium Category Bird parasites plasmodium stub eo Plasmodio lt Plazmodis pl Zarodziec sv Plasmodium sl kte zh ... more details
unreferenced date December 2009 The Mathcad notation or Mathcad syntax is used to enter formulas and commands for Mathcad , a commercial mathematical software . Numbers Rounding functions Several functions are available for rounding fractional numeric values to integral values or specifi number of fraction digits code round z,n code returns z rounded to n optional decimal places. If n is omitted, returns z rounded to the nearest integer n is assumed to be zero . If n 0, returns z rounded to n places to the left of the decimal point. For example, code round &pi 2&pi i code returns 3 6i code round &pi 2&pi i code returns 3 6i. code trunc z code returns the integer part of z by removing the fractional part. For example code trunc 2.7 code returns 2 code trun 2.7 code returns 2 code floor z code returns the greatest integer z code floor &pi 2&pi i code returns 3 7i code floor &pi 2&pi i code returns 4 6i code ceil z code returns the smallest integer z code ceil &pi 2&pi i code returns 4 6i code ceil &pi 2&pi i code returns 3 7i Category Domain specific programming languages compu prog stub ... more details
, than a more resistant quartz pebble. The rate of rounding is also affected by the Particle ... exhibit little rounding with angular clasts. Clast rounding in non sedimentary environments Pebble dike ... more details
Infobox software name GNU MPFR title GNU MPFR logo File Mpfr.svg 180px screenshot File caption collapsible author developer INRIA and others released Start date YYYY MM DD df yes no discontinued latest release version 3.1.0 latest release date October 3, 2011 Start date and age YYYY MM DD df yes no latest preview version latest preview date Start date and age YYYY MM DD df yes no frequently updated DO NOT include this parameter unless you know what it does programming language operating system platform size language status genre Mathematical software license GNU Lesser General Public License LGPL website URL http www.mpfr.org Portal Free software GNU MPFR for GNU Multiple Precision Floating Point Reliably ref http cran.r project.org web packages Rmpfr vignettes Rmpfr pkg.pdf ref is a portable C programming language C Library computing library for bignum arbitrary precision binary floating point computation with rounding correct rounding , based on GNU Multi Precision Library . The computation is both efficient and has a well defined semantics the functions are completely specified on all the possible operands and the results do not depend on the platform. This is done by copying the ideas from the IEEE floating point standard ANSI IEEE 754 standard for fixed precision floating point arithmetic correct rounding and exceptions, in particular . More precisely, its main features are Support for special numbers signed zeros 0 , infinities and NaN not a number a single NaN is currently supported . Each number has its own Precision arithmetic precision in bits since MPFR uses radix 2 . The floating point results are correctly rounded to the precision of the target variable, in any of the four IEEE floating point standard IEEE 754 rounding modes. Supported functions MPFR implements all mathematical functions from C99 the logarithm and Exponential function exponential in natural base, base 2 and base 10, the log 1 x and exp x 1 functions code log1p code and code expm1 code , ... more details
wiktionary Muster may refer to Muster military , a process or event for the of accounting for members in a military unit Muster livestock , the rounding up of livestock Muster event , a competitive skills event held between fire departments Muster census , a type of census in the British colony of New South Wales, Australia Muster Texas A&M University , a time honored tradition at Texas A&M University Ute muster , an auto show Must r, the Romansh name of Disentis People Brad Muster born 1965 , former American football fullback Thomas Muster born 1967 , former World Number 1 tennis player See also lookfrom intitle Muster drill Must disambiguation disambig Category Surnames de Muster Begriffskl rung sl Muster ... more details
File Dalahast 2.jpg thumb A Dalecarlian horse being carved in this style The Scandinavia n flat plane style of woodcarving is a style of figure carving. The figures are carved in large flat planes, created primarily using a carving knife . Tool marks are left in the carving and very little if any rounding or sanding is done. Swedish born American artist, Emil Janel was considered by many to be one of the best of this genre. A common example of the style is the Dalecarlian horse , whose distinctive shape is due to this manner of carving. References cite book author Refsal, Harley year 1992 title Woodcarving in the Scandinavian Style chapter editor others publisher Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., New York, New York isbn 0 8069 8633 6 url authorlink Harley Refsal page 128 Category Woodcarving decorative art stub ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Coord 47 55 08 N 122 32 54 W display title Norwegian Point is low and rounding, about 0.2 mile northwest of Hansville, Washington in Kitsap County, Washington , located at the northern end of the Kitsap Peninsula , affording sweeping views of Admiralty Inlet , Whidbey Island , and Puget Sound . A conspicuous, privately owned lighthouse , Skunk Bay Lighthouse, is located 210 feet above the water about 1 mile west of Norwegian Point. DEFAULTSORT Norwegian Point Category Landforms of Kitsap County, Washington Category Headlands of Washington state KitsapWA geo stub ... more details
unreferenced date October 2010 grading In Venezuela a grade point average ranges from 0 to 20 points, with one decimal sometimes used, depending on the academic institution. Venezuelan grades are easily changed into percentages by multiplying by 5. Rounding of averages is generally done to the second decimal hence, a 13.95 is rounded up to a 14.0, whereas a 13.94 is rounded down to a 13.9. A passing grade is usually a 10 50 , but some schools and universities may require a higher passing grade overall, or sometimes by subject. Venezuela stub South America topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Venezuela Category Education in Venezuela es Grado acad mico en Venezuela ... more details
Wikify date December 2010 orphan date September 2009 Retired after finishing is a term used in sailing sailing racing when a boat retires after finishing a race. This means that the sailor only realized at the end of the race that they have broken a rule. Since the consequences of the Infraction infringed rule can no longer be applied, the sailors receive the rank RAF , or retired after finish. This holds the same consequences as receiving a DNF usually a score of the number of boats in the fleet plus one. Such errors may include missing a mark, rounding to the wrong side, ignoring a protest from another boat, etc. References http www.gulfsailing.com page.asp?id 32 http www.sailingworld.com from the experts rules the rules are rarely black and white 43161.html Category Nautical terms ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 Mount Pivot coor dm 80 41 S 30 10 W is a conspicuous mountain , 1,095 m, with steep rock slopes on its west side, standing between Mount Haslop and Turnpike Bluff in the west part of the Shackleton Range . It was first mapped in 1957 by the Commonwealth Trans Antarctic Expedition and so named because this prominent landmark was the turning point for aircraft and sledging parties of the expedition rounding the southwest end of the Shackleton Range. usgs gazetteer DEFAULTSORT Pivot Category Mountains of Coats Land CoatsLand geo stub ... more details
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