Unreferenced date November 2006 Globalize date December 2010 An ethnic elite refers to an ethnicgroup which in a local context has gained a position of economic and power over that of other groups. Ethnic elitism elites may also foster ideologies and beliefs which serve to sustain their relative power. The ethnic elite may be divided in two basic ways &mdash either an elite ethnic majority or an elite ethnic minority . The term Market dominant minorities market dominant minority has also been used. See also Minority rights Dominant minority Minoritarianism Ethnocracy Sinocentrism White Latin Americans References references DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Elite Category Ethnicity Culture stub Ethno stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An ethnic majority refers to a condition in which a particular ethnicgroup comprises the majority of a particular population. It is frequently based on genealogy . For example, we can refer to the Caucasian race , or the Asian people Asian race , or the black race . However, it can also refer to a commonality in cultural or religious practices, as well as linguistic or behavioral practices. For more information, refer to majority , minority group minority , and or ethnicity . See also high elite DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Majority Category Ethnicity ... more details
Ethnic Chinese may refer to Han Chinese , the dominant ethnicgroup in the People s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Macao, the Republic of China Taiwan and Singapore. Overseas Chinese , people of Chinese birth or descent living outside of China, generally assumed to be part of the above Han group, although there are also people with non Han ancestry from China. Zhonghua minzu , the umbrella term to refer to all ethnic groups native to China. See also List of ethnic groups in China groups within the People s Republic of China PRC and the Republic of China ROC, Taiwan . disambig zh ... more details
to satisfy individual needs, without harming your own group, can have violent results. Assuming that ethnic ... of past tensions. Referring to the other ethnicgroup based solely on their previous offences tends ... the offended person feels their offender will be punished sufficiently in their own ethnicgroup. Or peace ... . ref Using this logic, ethnic violence might be prevented by decreasing messages of group cohesion ...Refimprove date December 2009 Terrorism Ethnic violence also known as ethnic terrorism or ethnically motivated terrorism refers to violence expressly motivated by ethnic hatred . It is commonly related ... when politically expedient. Ethnic violence is a catch all term for violence that is motivated from racial or ethnic tensions. Some academics also place nationalist based violence under ethnic ... and them . ref Ethnic violence is a result of ethnic conflicts not being resolved in a peaceful manner. However, one must not make the mistake of assuming any violent situation among ethnic groups constitutes ethnic violence. If the violence has political or ideological motivations, then it is not ethnic ..., and Migration. Cambridge, UK Polity, 1997. 80 100. Print. ref Racist terrorism is a form of ethnic ... on ethnic minorities minorities , and is associated with right wing extremism . Racial supremacist groups such as Neo Nazis epitomize ethnic terrorists, though other violent ethnic supremacism ethnic supremacist groups qualify. Violent ethnic rivalry is the subject matter of Jewish sociologist Ludwig ... study, World On Fire How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability ... all issues 2007 spring promoting hate ref Probable Causes There are a variety of potential causes for ethnic ... when ethnic groups are partially mixed neither clearly separated enough to reduce contact nor thoroughly ..., Violence normally occurs when a group is large enough to impose cultural norms on public spaces ... boundaries between ethnic or cultural groups are unclear. ref M. Lim, R. Metzler, Y. Bar Yam, Global ... more details
The central political tenet of ethnic nationalism is that ethnicgroup s can be identified unambiguously, and that each such group is entitled to self determination . The outcome of this right to self ... of their own dominant ethnicgroup, if desired. ref name ReferenceA For example, Italy allows ... given laws and in turn receive legal privileges. A nation state for the ethnicgroup derives political legitimacy from its status as homeland of that ethnicgroup, from its protective function against ... life, which may not have been possible under the ethnicgroup s previous status as an ethnic minority . See also Ethnicgroup Identity politics Diaspora politics Essentialism Nationalism Ethnic ...Ethnic nationalism or Ethnicism is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity . Whatever specific ethnicity is involved, ethnic nationalism always includes some element of Kinship descent from previous generations and the implied claim of ethnic essentialism , i.e. the understanding of ethnicity as an essence that remains unchanged over time. The central theme of ethnic ... language, a common faith, and a common ethnic ancestry. ref name ReferenceA Muller, Jerry Z. Us and Them ... of the group, and with their ancestors, and usually a shared language however it is different from ... to claim a common nation based upon ethnicity. In scholarly literature, ethnic nationalism is usually contrasted with civic nationalism . Ethnic nationalism bases membership of the nation on descent .... Hence, nation states with strong traditions of ethnic nationalism tend to define nationality or citizenship ... the law of soil, birth within the nation state . Ethnic nationalism is therefore seen as exclusive ... traditions, then, ethnic nationalism tends to emphasise narratives of common descent. The theorist Anthony D. Smith uses the term ethnic nationalism for non Western culture Western concepts ... and Nationalism 14 1 171 190. doi 10.1111 j.1469 8129.2008.00323.x ref Ethnic nationalism is also ... more details
. Smooha also defines ten conditions that can lead to the establishment of an ethnic democracy ref name Priit The core ethnic nation constitutes a solid numerical majority. The non core population constitutes a significant minority. The core ethnic nation has a commitment to democracy. The core ethnic nation is an indigenous group. The non core groups are immigrant. The non core group is divided into more than one ethnicgroup. The core ethnic nation has a sizeable, supportive Diaspora. The homelands ...Forms of government Ethnic democracy is a political system that combines a structured ethnic dominance with democratic, political and civil rights for all. Both the dominant ethnicgroup and the minority ethnic groups have citizenship and are able to fully participate in the political process. Ethnic .... Nor is an ethnic democracy a Herrenvolk democracy which is by definition a democracy officially limited to the core ethnic nation only. ref name smooha Smooha , S. The model of ethnic democracy Israel ... The term ethnic democracy was introduced by University of Haifa sociologist Sammy Smooha in a book published in 1989. ref Smooha , S. http www.ecmi.de download working paper 13.pdf The model of ethnic ... Smooha defines eight features that are the core elements of his model of an ethnic democracy ref name Priit Priit J rve. http www.ecmi.de download working paper 7.pdf Ethnic Democracy and Estonia , European Centre for Minority Issues, ECMI Working Paper 13, 2000. ref Ethnic nationalism installs a single core ethnic nation in the state. The state separates membership in the single core ethnic nation from citizenship. The state is owned and ruled by the core ethnic nation. The state mobilises the core ethnic nation. Non core groups are accorded incomplete individual and collective rights ... democratic ethnic state has taken place. Applicability of the model The model has been applied by researchers ... Sammy Smooha contends that Israel is a model or archetypical ethnic democracy. ref name smooha ref ... more details
lead missing date April 2011 Ethnic Media Ethnic Media is media fashioned with a particular ethnic minority group or ethnic minority community, in mind. Academic Yu Shi tenders an operational definition for ethnic media Ethnic media are often regarded as media by and for ethnics in a host country with content in ethnic languages. ref Shi, Yu. 2009, p. 599 . Re evaluating the alternative role of ethnic .... ref Shi also adds, ethnic media can be published by big ethnic media groups and by small organic ethnic communities , as well. ref Shi, Yu. 2010 . Audio Interview. ref Practitioner Inga Buchbinder ..., television, radio, online, print, magazine any sort of publication that caters to a specific ethnic ..., print, and magazine outlets that qualify as ethnic media, academic John D.H. Downing adds musical culture and forms of religious expression to the ethnic media mix. Downing finds, these may, along ... in the often fraught atmosphere between the ethnic majority and ethnic minorities. ref Downing ... Sage Publications. ref Downing finds that ethnic media tends to circulate, within at least three ... ethnic groups. ref Downing, John. 2001, p. 81 . Radical Media Rebellious communication and social movements. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications. ref Ethnic Media as Alternative Media Analogous to the debate ... factors that classify a respective ethnic media outlet as an alternative media outlet is also, at play. Thus, Ethnic Media is not by definitional default, Alternative Media. Again, the work of academics .... Discernment of whether or not a respective ethnic media outlet qualifies as an alternative media ... role of ethnic media in the United States reference has to be made to their 1 individual place of origin ... role of ethnic media in the US the case of Chinese language press and working class women readers. Sage Publications. ref Examples of Ethnic Media Black Enterprise Black Enterprise Magazine Black Entertainment ... Network Univision Univision Television Network My own media Examples of Ethnic Alternative Media Chicago ... more details
Multiple issues expert subject November 2008 refimprove November 2008 pov March 2012 An ethnic joke is a humorous remark relating to an ethnic, racial or cultural group, often referring to a ethnic stereotype stereotype of the group in question for its punchline. Ethnic jokes have been around since people first noticed they were different from one another, and ethnocentrism and a sense of ethnic identity appeared. Jokes feed upon difference and distinctions not only ethnic, of course and if one of the functions of ethnic jokes is to ridicule and depreciate these in out groups, another function is to maintain and strengthen a sense of one s identity in some in group. It may be that ethnic humour ... is the butt of the joke, belongs to an ethnicgroup singled out for abuse. Such jokes are often .... Punchlines The Case for Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Humor , Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005 http ...?id aZkRJJnc6BUC&pg PA57&dq Davies, Christie. Ethnic Humor&source gbs toc r&cad 0 0 PPA67,M1 title An Anatomy of Humor ref Ethnic jokes are often considered to be offensive and as a form of hate speech ... jokes , or racist jokes . But the definition of what constitute a race, ethnicity or a social group varies from one nation or society to the next, about who is considered a racial minority or ethnicgroup. Citation needed date May 2010 But in other cases the ethnic jokes are addressed against those ..., racial and ethnic jokes have become increasingly socially unacceptable in recent years, and have ... comedians from diverse ethnic backgrounds do this on a regular basis, about whites, other groups and themselves ... id 9598717 title Science gets the last laugh on ethnic jokes publisher MSNBC ref However, it is claimed by some that ethnic jokes have a basis in fact, ref cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk ... 05 07 accessdate 2009 01 22 ref and some ethnic jokes deliberately try to prove their point, for instance cquote2 Q How does every ethnic joke start? br A With a look over your shoulder. Racial targets ... more details
cleanup rewrite date December 2010 In sociology, the term ethnic nepotism describes a human tendency for in group bias or in group favouritism applied by nepotism for people with the same ethnicity within a multi ethnic society . Influenced by W.D. Hamilton s theory of kin selection , ethnic nepotism describes a human tendency for in group bias or in group favouritism applied on the ethnic level. The term ... a greater concentration of genetic interest inclusive tness in their own ethnicgroup than they do in other ethnic groups, they can be expected to adopt ideas that promote their group over others. Political .... See also Endogamy EthnicgroupEthnic nationalism Ethnocentrism Evolutionary psychology Inclusive ... . In other words, ethnic nepotism points toward a biological basis for the phenomenon of people ... of their own racial group by postulating that all animals evolve toward being more altruistic toward ... by many social scientists as a prominent ethnic marker, is in his view often not a myth at all. clarify ... Dennen2000 Book review of Vanhanen Ethnic Conflicts , Johan M.G. van der Dennen, Human Ethology Bulletin ... possible to defend ethnic genetic interests in an adaptive manner, even when ... at tribal members, but only if these acts actually aid in group fitness in some way.... Closely related individuals are less likely to free ride and more likely to invest in and thus strengthen the group ... goods, indicating a higher level of public altruism. For example, the degree of ethnic homogeneity .... Case studies of the United States, Africa and South East Asia find that multi ethnic societies ... complemented kin selection and ethnic nepotism by his genetic similarity theory which proposes that genetically ... ethnocentrism and group selection . ref name Dennen2000 He has also argued that blockquote B ecause fellow ethnics carry copies of the same genes, ethnic consciousness is rooted in the biology of altruism and mutual reciprocity. Thus ethnic nationalism, xenophobia and genocide can become the dark ... more details
An ethnic conflict or ethnic war is a conflict between ethnicgroup s often as a result of ethnic nationalism ... how ethnicgroup settlement patterns, socially constructed identities, charismatic leaders, issue ... result in war crime s such as genocide . Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally ... of whether ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War , and on devising ... . Theories of ethnic conflict Image BergenBelsen4.jpg thumb right The symbolic grave of Margot Frank Margot and Anne Frank at Bergen Belsen concentration camp The causes of ethnic conflict ... schools in order to increase our understanding of ethnic conflict. Primordialist accounts Proponents of primordialist accounts of ethnic conflict argue that e thnic groups and nationalities exist ... tie of primordialityhuth A response to Eller and Coughlan , Ethnic and Racial Studies 17 1 , pp. 164 171, p. 168 ref The primordialist account relies on a concept of kinship between members of an ethnicgroup. Donald L. Horowitz argues that this kinship makes it possible for ethnic groups to think in terms of family resemblances . ref Donald L. Horowitz 1985 Ethnic Groups in Conflict , Berkeley ... to the concept of ethnic wars as a myth because they argue that the root causes of ethnic conflict ... scientists argue that the concept of ethnic war is misleading because it leads to an essentialism ... in the United States, in the debate about white ethnic persistence in what was supposed to have been ... than social classes . ref name Smith In this account of ethnic identification, e thnicity and race ... accounts. Moreover, the scholars of this school do generally not oppose neither that ethnic difference ... over such difference. Instrumentalists simply claim that ethnic difference is not sufficient ... for and Limits to Their Settlement in Andreas Klinke, Ortwin Renn & Jean Paul Lehners, ,eds, Ethnic ..., set of accounts stress the importance of the socially constructed nature of ethnic groups, drawing ... more details
. This raises the question of whether ethnic origin is just another term for ethnicgroup Citation ...Unreferenced date February 2010 The concept of ethnic origin is an attempt to classify people, not according to their current nationality , but according to where their ancestors came from. For example somebody living in a monocultural environment, speaking English for example and clearly a member of an English speaking cultural milieu, may be descended from immigrants speaking some other language and still participate in some of aspects their culture. Ethnic origin has become a popular classification in statistics , where the concept of Race classification of human beings races has been largely discarded since World War II , for various reasons. A reaction against the abuses of the Nazism Nazis and apartheid made it hard to collect, store or publish racial data Citation needed date February 2010 . Social scientists in general have lost interest in race as useful concept of study Citation needed date February 2010 , with many other differences between population groups more significant. However the relative prosperity of distinguishable groups remain of interest in public policy discussions. In the US, however, the use of the term race is still current. The Race U.S. census census asks questions about race, though the classification used is no different from what would be termed ethnic origin elsewhere Citation needed date February 2010 . The concept of ethnic origin in practice .... If a person was asked for their ethnic origin and answered how do I tell what ethnic origin ... different ethnic origins. The answer of interest to the questioner is probably whether the person considers themselves to be a member of a particular ethnic subdivision of society, or are considered a member of a such a group by others Citation needed date February 2010 . This would affect whether ... Ethnic stub ... more details
Discrimination sidebar An ethnic stereotype is a generalized representation of an ethnicgroup , composed of what are thought to be typical characteristics of members of the group. Ethnic stereotypes are commonly portrayed in ethnic joke s. Some of these jokes can be very offensive, yet many find them funny. Ethnic stereotypes Image National stereotypes.jpg thumb 250px right A 19th century children s literature children s book informs its readers that the Dutch people Dutch are a very industrious race , and that China Chinese children are very obedient to their parents . Stereotypes of African Americans African Americans Stereotypes of Argentines Argentines Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States East Asians Anti Japanese sentiment Japanese Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans Hispanics and Latinos Stereotypes of Native Americans Native Americans Stereotypes of South Asians South Asians Russophobia Russians Western stereotypes of West and Central Asians West and Central Asians Stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims Arabs Stereotypes of Jews Jews Anti Iranian sentiment Persians Stereotypes of white people White people Anti Irish racism Irish Anti Italianism Italians Anti Polonism Polish people Anti French sentiment French people Anti Chilean sentiment Chileans Black people See also Cross race effect Mores Racism Stereotype List of ethnic slurs List of archetypal names Niggas vs. Black People References Al , Maurizio. 2010 . http ww.razonypalabra.org.mx N N74 VARIA74 23AliV74.pdf Medios de comunicaci n, asuntos tnicos e intercultura en Colombia . En Revista Raz n y Palabra, 74 nov.2010 ene.2011 . M xico DF ITESM Campus Estado de M xico. ISSN 1605 4806. cite journal author Terracciano A, Abdel Khalek AM, Ad m N, et al. title National character does not reflect mean ... month Oct pmid 16210536 doi 10.1126 science.1117199 pmc 2775052 Ethnic stereotypes Ethnicity DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Stereotype Category Social psychology Category Ethnic and racial stereotypes pl Stereotyp ... more details
performance Classes about the history of an ethnicgroup open to all students Classes discussing ...Globalize date April 2012 Use mdy dates date April 2012 Ethnic studies is the interdisciplinary study .... Ethnic studies was created to teach the stories, histories, struggles and triumphs of people of color on their own terms. History In the United States, the field of Ethnic studies evolved ... . Ethnic studies departments were established on many campuses and grew to encompass African American ... . The first strike for Ethnic studies occurred in 1968, led by Third World Liberation Front,TWLF ... in the establishment of a School of Ethnic studies, when President S.I. Hayakawa ended the strike by taking ... of Ethnic studies at San Francisco State University, ref http www.discovernikkei.org en people profile.php ... of students of color in response to the strike s demands. In 1972, The National Association for Ethnic ... to grant an interim Department of Ethnic Studies. On March 7, 1969, President Hitch authorized the establishment of the first Ethnic Studies Department in the country, followed by the San Francisco State Ethnic Studies establishment on March 20, 1969. Courses in Ethnic studies tried to address the criticism ... history was undervalued and ignored because of Euro centric bias. Ethnic studies also often encompasses ... departments, and a small number of comparative Ethnic studies programs. Ethnic studies as an institutional discipline varies by location. For instance, whereas the Ethnic studies Department at UC Berkeley comprises separate core group departments, the department at UC San Diego does not do so. http www.columbiaspectator.com vnews display.v ART 2005 02 09 4209bd8f7f02c While early Ethnic studies scholarship ... as another additive component to the Ethnic studies, whiteness studies has instead focused on how the political ... in the first place. Today, what constitutes Ethnic studies work is fluid as scholars have taken up the study ..., an Ethnic studies approach is loosely defined as any approach that emphasizes the cross ... more details
even within especially with American born descendants of ethnic immigrants &mdash the ethnicgroup. Ethnic enclaves may also be sources of imported goods not easily found or sold in mainstream ... that the spatial concentration of an ethnicgroup permits it to create its own business enterprises, thus speeding the economic progress of the group. It stresses that ethnic and racial minorities ... an increasingly successful group of entrepreneurs in the ethnic community and the ties ... who come to America. It is not merely a neighborhood of an ethnicgroup or certain culture ...globalize date December 2010 An ethnic enclave is an ethnic community which retains some cultural distinction ... based on ethnic groups. Sometimes when date October 2011 an entire city which date October 2011 ... who date October 2011 . They are usually associated with the group of people who live ... in the suburbs. ref Immigrant Enclaves and Ethnic Enclaves in New York and Los Angeles. John R. Logan American Sociological Review, Vol. 115, April pp. 299&ndash 322 ref Ethnic enclaves form all over the world and not just in the United States . Historically, the formation of ethnic enclaves may be involuntary, as an ghetto ethnic or racial ghetto , due to housing discrimination which prevented members of ethnic, or religious minorities from settling in other parts of town. For example, in the United ... from their home villages. To city residents who are not part of the community, the ethnic area has become a dining and shopping destination and source of authentic ethnic food and groceries, such as Chinese ... business leaders have found ways to promote certain ethnic enclaves as tourist attraction s for revenue. Services and goods in the area are oriented toward the ethnicgroup, and the lingua franca for business and social exchanges in the area is the native language of the group. Street signs and business ... are also sources of ethnic language media. These often provide a different scope of coverage than ... more details
. Adherents of an ethnic religion may constitute an ethnoreligious group . In antiquity, religion ... in the Caribbean has been considered an ethnic religion by some scholars, because Hindus in Trinidad , Guyana , and Suriname consider themselves a distinct ethnicgroup. ref name van der Veer cite ... universal religions that seek worldwide acceptance and actively look for new converts, or ethnic religions that are identified with a particular ethnicgroup and do not seek converts. ref name Hinnells ...refimprove date January 2010 Mergefrom Ethnoreligious group date January 2010 File .JPG thumb 250px Altar to Inari kami at the Fushimi Inari taisha Fushimi Inari Shrine in Kyoto . Shinto is the ethnic religion of the Japanese people . Ethnic religion may include officially sanctioned and organized ... detached from ethnicity. A partly overlapping concept is that of folk religion referring to ethnic ..., etc. With the rise of Christianity , Islam and Buddhism , ethnic religions came to be marginalized ... million tribal religionists, ethnic religionists, or animists, including African traditional religion ..., even revealed religion will assume local traits and in a sense will revert to an ethnic religion ... of national church es with ethnic flavours such as Germanic Christianity Germanic , Ethiopian church ... Orthodoxy Russian and others. The term ethnic religion is therefore also applied to a religion in a particular ... April title Brahmanism Abroad On Caribbean Hinduism as an Ethnic Religion journal Ethnology volume ... have been described as an ethnic religion, because they are closely associated with the ethnic ... of Ethnic Identity and Boundary Among Second Generation Korean Americans journal Sociology of Religion ... accessdate 2009 09 17 ref Judaism is considered an ethnic religion by some authors defining ... or nation. Within Hinduism, there are regional or tribal currents with ethnic traits, sometimes termed Folk Hinduism . Indigenous traditional ethnic religions Image Serer Religious Ceremony.jpg ... more details
dabconcept Ethnic intolerance can refer to the following ethnic hatred ethnic conflict discrimination racism ethnic nationalism disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Ethnic cleansing is a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain ... described ethnic cleansing as the planned deliberate removal from a specific territory, persons of a particular ethnicgroup , by force or intimidation, in order to render that area ethnically homogenous ... group. The term ethnic cleansing has been defined as a spectrum, or continuum by some historians ... of the ethnicgroup in power. However, the term cleanse was probably used first by Vuk Karad i ... scapegoat in a particular ethnicgroup, and uses propaganda about that group to stir up Fear, uncertainty and doubt FUD fear, uncertainty and doubt in the general population. The targeted ethnicgroup ... ethnicgroup. Citation needed date June 2010 reason Without an expert opinion this paragraph is OR. It can ..., you become as much a victim of political manipulation as the targeted group. Although ethnic cleansing has sometimes been motivated by claims that an ethnicgroup is literally unclean as in the case ... expulsion and or killing of the undesired ethnicgroup, as well as the destruction or removal ..., since Georgians were the single largest ethnicgroup in pre war Abkhazia, with a 45.7 plurality as of 1989 ... Yugoslavia , ethnic cleansing has been carried out by means of murder, torture, arbitrary arrest ... page 33, Paragraph 129 ref Ethnic cleansing is not to be confused with genocide . These terms ... on nations or religio ethnic groups. Ethnic cleansing is similar to forced deportation or population transfer whereas genocide is the intentional murder of part or all of a particular ethnic, religious, or national group. ref name Schabas Schabas W. A., 2000, Genocide in International Law, Cambridge ... in international law v onepage&q &f false ref The idea in ethnic cleansing is to get people to move ..., 2001 Naimark N. M., 2001, Fires of Hatred Ethnic Cleansing in 20th Century Europe, Cambridge Harvard ... more details
was The potential to target a particular ethnicgroup with a biological agent is probably not far ...An ethnic bioweapon biogenetic weapon aims to harm only or primarily persons of specific ethnicities or genotype s. History of ethnic bioweapons One of the first fictional discussions of ethnic weapons is in Robert A. Heinlein s 1942 novel Sixth Column republished as The Day After Tomorrow in which a race specific radiation weapon is used against a so called Pan Asianism Pan Asian invader fact date February 2012 . Genetic weapon In 1997, U.S. Secretary of Defense William Cohen referred to the concept as a possible risk. ref cite web author William Cohen title Terrorism, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and U.S. Strategy date 1997 04 28 work Sam Nunn Policy Forum, University of Georgia url http www.defenselink.mil transcripts 1997 t042897 t0428coh.html accessdate 2006 07 12 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20041118074748 http www.defense.gov transcripts 1997 t042897 t0428coh.html archivedate 2004 11 18 ref In 1998 some biological weapon experts considered such a genetic weapon a plausible possibility, and believed the former Soviet Union had undertaken some research on the influence of various substances on human genes. ref http www.pbs.org wgbh pages frontline shows plague interviews davis.html Interview of Dr Christopher Davis, UK Defence Intelligence Staff , Plague War , Frontline TV series Frontline , Public Broadcasting Service PBS , October 1998 ref The possibility of a genetic bomb is presented in Vincent Sarich s and Frank Miele s book, Race The Reality of Human Differences ... Israel planning ethnic bomb as Saddam caves in author Uzi Mahnaimi coauthors Marie Colvin publisher ... the story, ref cite news title Israel s Ethnic Weapon? publisher Wired News url http www.wired.com ... news 9904,ridgeway,3697,6.html title Ethnic Warfare publisher The Village Voice author James Ridgeway ... Category Genocide Category Racism Category Ethnic cleansing Category Bioterrorism de Ethnische Waffe ... more details
Ethnic Germans are a minority group in many countries. See Germans , German language , and German ... Low Saxon dialect. United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, there exists a German Briton ethnicgroup ... Polonians , Prussian Latvians , and ethnic Germans in Belarus . The German Briton group of the United ... is about the ethnic Germans German diaspora. See Germans Abroad for German citizens with residence abroad. See Emigration from Germany disambiguation for disambiguation. Ethnic Germans lang ... and furthermore into historical regions. History of Germany Terminology File Ethnic Germans in Hungary and parts of adjacent Austrian territories.JPG thumb left Ethnic Germans in Hungary and parts of adjacent Austrian territories, census 1890 Volksdeutsche ethnic Germans is a historical term which arose in the early 20th century and was used by the Nazi s to describe ethnic Germans living outside ... is a concept that connotes German citizens living abroad, or alternatively ethnic Germans ... distribution of ethnic Germans by region, but generally exclude modern expatriate s, who ... for a list of all ethnic German groups, or continue for a summary by region. Image Census 2000 ... Australian There have been ethnic Germans in Australia since the founding of the New South Wales ... , and another 40 million are of partial German ancestry, making them the largest group in the United ... Varas in southern Chile was colonized by ethnic Germans They are a considerable part of the population ... City is the largest German school outside Germany. Notable communities of ethnic Germans exist ... thumb 287px right Map of Austria Hungary in 1911, showing areas inhabited by ethnic Germans in pink ... cannot be categorized as ethnic German according to the definition of this article, but as Austrian ... live in Austria. Benelux Belgium In Belgium , there is an ethnic German minority. It is the majority ... language , Luxembourgers do not consider themselves ethnic Germans. In a 1941 referendum held in Luxembourg ... more details
Ethnic Vietnamese may mean Vi t Ki u or Overseas Vietnamese , referring to people of Vietnamese descent not living in Vietnam Vietnamese people , referring to people of Vietnamese descent without restriction disambig ... more details
Ethnic history is a branch of social history that studies ethnic groups and immigrants. Barkan 2007 argues ... policies and decisions, and, especially, develop compassion for the ethnic and gender groups under study Defining the field Ethnic history is especially important in the U.S. and Canada. Oscar Handlin ... and sponsor of ethnic historiography. Handlin s Pulitzer prize winning interpretation, The Uprooted 1951 was highly influential. ref Oscar Handlin and Mary F. Handlin, The New History and the Ethnic .... ref Stephan Thernstrom, ed. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups 1980 http books.google.com ... looks at the historiography of Canadian ethnic history and finds two alternative methodologies. One ... as Ethnic The Third Force in Canadian Historiography, Canadian Historical Review, Dec 1983, Vol. 64 Issue 4, pp441 467 ref A significant trend has been to integrate ethnic history with other new historiographical ... history or women s history . Organizations The Immigration and Ethnic History Society was formed ... affiliates immigration ethnic his soc.htm Immigration and Ethnic History Society ref The American Conference ... Society is the oldest ethnic society, founded in 1892 it has 3,300 members and publishes American ... journal twice each year. ref See http www.polishamericanstudies.org index.html PAHA website ref H ETHNIC ... globally. ref see http www.h net.org ethnic H ETHNIC website ref See also Emigration from Europe European American White Latin American Ethnic groups in the Middle East Historical immigration ... States Languages of Europe List of ethnic groups Notes references Bibliography Barkan, Elliott ... ethnic Research, Journal of American Ethnic History, Jan 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 2, pp 85 99 Gabaccia ... experts, covering both Catholics and Protestants. Hoerder, Dirk. Ethnic studies in Canada from the 1880s to 1962 A historiographical perspective and critique, Canadian Ethnic Studies, 1994, Vol. 26 Issue 1, pp 1 18 Levinson, David. Ethnic Groups Worldwide A Ready Reference Handbook, 1998 , ISBN 978 ... more details
Original research date September 2009 An ethnic flag is a flag that symbol izes a certain ethnicgroup . Ethnic flags are often introduced to the ethnic community through the respective cultural or political ethnic movements. In many cases, they have ancient origins, or, at least, they are inspired by symbols rooted in historical and cultural tradition of a people. They are popular among ethnic minorities and some ethnic majorities, especially in multiethnic countries. An ethnic flag can be either recognized or not by the central government. Some ethnic flags are banned by the central governments ... Caption Druze ref group note To be precise, the Druze are a religious and cultural group rather than a distinct ethnicgroup. ref Syria , Lebanon , Israel and Jordan Flag entry Width 200 Image ... entry Width 200 Image Flag of Moravia.svg Caption Moravians ethnicgroup Moravians Moravia Citation ... of Macedonia 1991 1995.svg Caption Macedonians ethnicgroup Macedonians ref citation last Danforth ... 200 Image Arab Revolt flag.svg Caption Arab people Arabs Arab World ref group note This is the Pan ... last Minahan publisher Greenwood Publishing Group year 2002 isbn 0 313 32384 4 url http books.google.com ... Philippe, the site states that the flag has been used in several ethnic riots until 1980. Finally ... people Sindhis ref group note See also the concept of Sindhudesh . ref Sindh Pakistan Sindh and West ... Hill location New York isbn 0 070 59093 1 pages 303 . On this book, the ethnic flag of the Sindhis ... people Kashmiris Kashmir and Jammu br This is the flag of Jammu and Kashmir and the ethnic flag ... Tamils of Eelam ref group note This is the flag adopted by the World Tamil Confederation to represent ... State , Southern Sagaing Division and Chittagong Division ref group note This is just one of several flags used by groups that make up this macro group. ref end flag gallery Southeastern Asia Begin ... 23, 2010 publisher Flags of the World date August 9, 2008 ref China , ref group note Akha are considered ... more details
Ethnic Electronica also known as Ethno Electronica or Ethno Techno combines elements of electronic music electronic and world music and was developed in the 1990s. The term Ethnic Electronica appears in music zines , in online music related forums and blogs, and also in a title of a 2003 compilation Another Life A Journey Into Ethnic Electronica Love Cat Music . ref http www.mystrands.com album 274934 Another Life A Journey Into Ethnic Electronica by Various Artists ref The term Ethno Techno was first seen with the release of Ethno Techno Sonic Anthropology Vol 1 Wax Trax in 1994. ref cite web title Various Ethnotechno Sonic Anthropology Vol. 1 url http www.discogs.com Various Ethnotechno Sonic Anthropology Volume I release 140428 publisher Discogs accessdate 8 March 2011 ref Notable acts of Ethnic Electronica include Bryn Jones with his project Muslimgauze before his death in 1999 , the artists of Asian underground movement Asian Dub Foundation , State of Bengal , Transglobal Underground , Natacha Atlas , Mozani Ramzan ref cite web title Mozani Ramzan Get Down With Some Malaysian Ethno Techno url http www.magneticmag.com 2012 01 mozani ramzan get down with some malaysian ethno techno publisher Magnetic Magazine accessdate January 23, 2012 ref , Shpongle , Zavoloka , Banco de Gaia , Zingaia , Afro Celt Sound System , early work by Yat Kha with Ivan Sokolovsky ref in russian language http www.zvuki.ru R P 13188 , R.I.P. on zvuki.ru this article calls Yat Kha the first Russian ethnic electronica ref . Among the commercial acts which work with this subgenre Praise band Praise , Enigma musical project Enigma , Deep Forest , Ivan Kupala musical project Ivan Kupala , Agricantus musical project Agricantus . References references music genre stub Category Electronic music genres Category Contemporary folk subgenres es Etno electr nica it Etno elettronica ru sk Ethnic electronica uk ... more details
pp move indef Ethnic pornography is a genre of pornography that focuses on pornographic actor performers of specific ethnic groups , or on the depiction of miscegenation interracial sexual activity . ref name mydigitalpublication79 cite web url http www.mydigitalpublication.com publication ?i 12069&115&115&1&p 79 title AVN Feb 2009 publisher Mydigitalpublication.com date accessdate 2010 02 06 ref ref cite web url http books.google.co.uk books?id FCFOEtZdtMoC&pg PA208 title Pornography film and culture first Peter last Lehman page 208 publisher Rutgers University Press year 2006 accessdate 2 December 2011 ref Ethnic pornography typically employs ethnic stereotype ethnic and racial stereotypes in its depiction of performers. ref name LukeFord1999 cite web url http www.lukeisback.com essays essays racism.htm title Racism accessdate 2008 01 18 author Luke Ford year 1999 publisher LukeIsBack.com ref Ethnic stereotypes Refimprove date August 2011 section See also Stereotypes of African Americans Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans Stereotypes of Asians Stereotypes of white people Ethnic pornography frequently depicts characters based on ethnic and racial stereotypes. Members of each race are typically portrayed as having a high Libido sex drive . Asia Asian men There are Asian male porn stars in the UK, and the U.S. and Japan produces mass number of videos, and websites catering to this genre. Interracial porn featuring an Asian men and White women often falls under the category of AMWF for Asian Male White Female. Asian people Asian women Are viewed as sexually willing or submissive. Asian women are mainly portrayed as the Dragon Ladies , 4 as servile Lotus Blossom Babies , Innocent School Girls in private school uniforms, China dolls , Geisha girls , war brides, or prostitutes ... Ranz date 1997 04 05 newsgroup rec.arts.movies.erotica url http groups.google.com group rec.arts.movies.erotica ... accessdate 2008 07 16 Cite web url http xbiz.com articles 14948 interracial title Ethnic Episodes ... more details
Ethnic option is a term coined by sociologist Mary C. Waters to express her conception that ethnic identity is something that is flexible, symbolic and voluntary, not a definitive aspect of their identity for the descendants of immigrants. ref Omi, Michael, Racial Identity and the State, in Adams, Maurianne, Readings for diversity and social justice, Routledge, 2000, p. 78. ref ref Kleg, Milton, Hate, Prejudice, and Racism, SUMY Press, 1993, p. 43 44. ref Waters argues that with the achievement of middle class suburban status, ethnicity becomes a lifestyle option, a costless form of community. ref Hickman, Mary J., Migration and Diaspora, in Joseph N. Cleary, Claire Connolly, The Cambridge companion to modern Irish culture, p. 131, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 131 ref References reflist Category Ethnicity ... more details
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