In molecular biology and bioinformatics , a SNParray is a type of DNA microarray which is used to detect Polymorphism biology polymorphisms within a population. A single nucleotide polymorphism SNP , a variation .... Principles The basic principles of SNParray are the same as the DNA microarray. These are the convergence ... DNA capture. The three mandatory components of the SNP arrays are The array that contains immobilized ... of multiple databases are scanned to design the probes. Each SNP on the array is interrogated with different probes. Depending on the purpose of experiments, the amount of SNPs present on an array is considered. Applications A SNParray is a useful tool for studying slight variations between whole genomes . The most important applications of SNP arrays are for determining disease susceptibility ... has many SNPs. SNP based genetic linkage analysis can be used to map disease loci, and determine disease susceptibility genes in individuals. The combination of SNP maps and high density SNP arrays ... who share a common allele or even a single individual. Citation needed date April 2011 A SNParray can also be used to generate a virtual karyotype using software to determine the copy number of each SNP on the array and then align the SNPs in chromosomal order. SNPs can also be used to study genetic abnormalities in cancer. For example, SNP arrays can be used to study loss of heterozygosity ... or deletions leading to LOH. SNP arrays, however, have an additional advantage of being able to detect ... allele, disease can occur. High density SNP arrays help scientists identify patterns of allelic ... human cancers, SNP arrays have great potential in cancer diagnostics. For example, recent SNParray studies have shown that solid tumor s such as gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma liver ... BAC, SNP and oligonucleotide microarrays a platform comparison based on statistical power analysis ... can be efficiently conducted using high density SNP genotyping arrays. Nucleic Acids Research . 32 20 ... more details
wiktionary SNP tocright SNP may refer to Companies Standard & Poor s , a financial ratings company Sinopec s China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation , New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol Science Single nucleotide polymorphism , a DNA sequence variation Sodium nitroprusside , a peripheral vasodilator Sentinel node procedure in oncological surgery, see Sentinel lymph node Solar neutrino problem , a major problem in astrophysics that was solved in 2002 Politics Scottish National Party , a political party in Scotland Seychelles National Party , a political party in the Seychelles Socijalisti ka narodna partija Crne Gore , the Socialist People s Party of Montenegro , a political party in Montenegro, and its predecessor, Socijalisti ki narodni pokret Crne Gore Computing Scalable Networking Pack , Adds new features to Windows Server 2003 SNP file format , a Microsoft Access file SnP File Format, a Touchstone file format for n port S parameters Secure Network Programming API , an application programming interface for Transport Layer Security SNP complexity , a complexity class also known as Strict NP Supply Network Planning, a technology often used in Enterprise resource planning ERP systems and a part of Supply Chain Management Places State Nature Preserve , see Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission Shenandoah National Park , Virginia, USA SNP Stadium , a multi use stadium in Bansk Bystrica, Slovakia Srpsko narodno pozori te , the Serbian National Theatre Others Seminonparametric , a statistical estimation technique Slovensk n rodn povstanie , the Slovak National Uprising Social networking potential , a coefficient used in marketing research Special Needs Plan , a Medicare Advantage plan The Sunday Night Project , a British television show disambig cs SNP de SNP es SNP fa SNP fr SNP ko SNP it SNP nl SNP ja SNP pl SNP sh SNP sv SNP vi SNP zh SNP ... more details
and thus the individual must contain both alleles and be heterozygous. SNP microarrays In SNParray high density oligonucleotide SNP arrays , hundreds of thousands of probes are arrayed on a small ... nucleotide polymorphisms. Nat Rev Genet . 2 12 930 42. Affymetrix 2007 Genome Wide Human SNPArray ... 35642&productName Genome Wide Human SNPArray 6.0 1 3. Retrieved on February 28, 2012. External links ...SNP genotyping is the measurement of genetic variations of single nucleotide polymorphism s SNPs between ... variation. SNPs are one of the most common types of genetic variation. A SNP is a single base pair ... of a diverse range of SNP genotyping methods. Hybridization based methods Several applications have been developed that interrogate SNPs by hybridizing complementary DNA probes to the SNP site ... & Harbron 2004 . Dynamic allele specific hybridization Image SNP Dash 1updated.png thumbnail 100px ... is increased until the Tm can be determined. A SNP will result in a lower than expected Tm Howell ... free probes and its simple design and performance conditions. Molecular beacons Image SNP Molecularprobe 1.png right SNP detection through molecular beacon s makes use of a specifically engineered ... remains quenched. Image SNP Molecularprobe 2.png right thumbnail The unique design of these molecular ... SNP alleles only differ in one nucleotide and because it is difficult to achieve optimal hybridization conditions for all probes on the array, the target DNA has the potential to hybridize to mismatched probes. This is addressed somewhat by using several redundant probes to interrogate each SNP. Probes are designed to have the SNP site in several different locations as well as containing mismatches to the SNP allele. By comparing the differential amount of hybridization of the target DNA to each ... SNP 5.0 GeneChip performs a genome wide assay that can genotype over 500,000 human SNPs Affymetrix ... have been employed to generate high fidelity SNP genotyping methods. Restriction fragment length ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 Y SNP is a single nucleotide polymorphism on the Y chromosome . Y SNPs are often used in paternal genealogical DNA test ing. SNP markers A single nucleotide polymorphism SNP is a change to a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence . The relative mutation rate for an SNP is extremely low. This makes them ideal for marking the history of the human genetic tree. SNPs are named with a letter code and a number. The letter indicates the lab or research team that discovered the SNP. The number indicates the order in which it was discovered. For example M173 is the 173rd SNP documented by the Human Population Genetics Laboratory at Stanford University , which uses the letter M. See also Mt SNP Short tandem repeat Haplogroup Haplotype Genealogical DNA test Category Single nucleotide polymorphisms ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 mt SNP is a single nucleotide polymorphism on the Mitochondrial DNA mitochondrial chromosome . mt SNPs are often used in maternal genealogical DNA test ing. SNP markers A single nucleotide polymorphism SNP is a change to a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence . The relative mutation rate for an SNP is extremely low. This makes them ideal for marking the history of the human genetic tree. SNPs are named with a letter code and a number. The letter indicates the lab or research team that discovered the SNP. The number indicates the order in which it was discovered. For example M173 is the 173rd SNP, documented by the Human Population Genetics Laboratory at Stanford University , which uses the letter M. See also Y SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism Short tandem repeat Haplogroup Haplotype Genealogical DNA test Category Single nucleotide polymorphisms ... more details
An array is a systematic arrangement of objects, usually in rows and columns. Specifically, it may refer ... at run time, including Array data structure , an arrangement of items at equally spaced addresses in computer memory Array data type , used in a programming language to specify a variable that can be indexed Associative array , an abstract data structure model that generalizes arrays to arbitrary indices or various kinds of the above, such as Bit array or bit vector Dynamic array , allocated at run time Parallel array of records, with each field stored as a separate array Sparse array , with most elements omitted, to store a sparse matrix Variable length array Jagged array , where the rows have different lengths individually or various related concepts Vector processor Array processor , a computer to process arrays of data not to be confused with a processor arrayArray programming , using matrix algebra notation in programs not the same as array processing Array slicing , the extraction of sub arrays of an array or also Global Arrays , a library for parallel processing Intel Array Visualizer , a piece of scientific graphics software In mathematics and statistics An array or matrix mathematics e.g. a Monge array , a Costas array A standard array in coding theory In statistics, arrays are a name for some kinds of Category Experimental design Intersection array a concept of category theory The thinned array curse or sparse array curse, a theorem about electromagnetic waves ... array, such as a phased array , a tower array , etc. A speaker array, used to produce directional Sound Asynchronous array of simple processors Ball grid array , pin grid array , and land grid array , ways to connect integrated circuits Cache Array Routing Protocol CARP Color filter array , placed over an imaging array Disk array , such as the RAID Field emitter array , an electron source Gate array , including a field programmable gate array FPGA Halbach array , an arrangement of magnets ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox stadium name SNP Stadium Stiavnicky image location Bansk Bystrica , Slovakia coordinates coord 48 43 55.01 N 19 07 53.41 E region SK BC type landmark display inline,title broke ground opened closed former names capacity 10,000 tenants FK Dukla Bansk Bystrica The SNP Stadium lang sk tadi n SNP, tiavni ky is a multi purpose stadium in Bansk Bystrica , Slovakia . It is currently used mostly for Association football football matches and is the home ground of FK Dukla Bansk Bystrica . The stadium has a capacity of 10,000, with 7,380 seats. Slovak Super Liga stadiumlist DEFAULTSORT Snp Stadium Category FK Dukla Bansk Bystrica Category Football venues in Slovakia Category Multi purpose stadiums in Slovakia Slovakia sports venue stub cs tadi n SNP de tadi n SNP pl tadi n SNP sk tadi n SNP ... more details
No footnotes date August 2011 SNP Media is a Netherlands Dutch multimedia production company, which produces television programs , concerts and corporate films . The company was founded in 1979 by Ren Stokvis, who was general manager until Nov. 1, 2007. The company s original name was Ren Stokvis Producties, but is now known as SNP Media. He is still with the company, now as a consultant. SNP Media is an operating company of SNP Holdings, which is part of Endemol Group. The current board consists of SNP Holdings s Adrichem Peter as CEO and Jasper Stokvis as Commercial Director. SNP Media produces both public and commercial broadcasts including By land, sea and air , Una Voce Particolare , I m leaving , Unexpected Visit , East Entrance , and That s The Question . The company also sponsored programs including the Tuinruimers and The Big Turn . External links http www.snpholding.nl SNP Holdings s website media company stub Category Media companies of the Netherlands ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A tag SNP is a representative single nucleotide polymorphism SNP in a region of the genome with high linkage disequilibrium the non random association of alleles at two or more loci . It is possible to identify genetic variation without genotyping every SNP in a chromosome chromosomal region. Tag SNPs are useful in whole genome SNP association studies in which hundreds of thousands of SNPs across the entire genome are genotyped. For this reason, the International HapMap Project hopes to use tag SNPs to discover genes responsible for certain disorders. See also International HapMap Project Genealogical DNA test DEFAULTSORT Tag Snp Category Population genetics ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 The gradualist viewpoint within the Scottish National Party SNP is the idea that Scottish independence can be won by the accumulation by the Scottish Parliament of powers that the UK Parliament currently has over a protracted period of time. It is also a philosophy that emphasises the election of an SNP government should bring about trust in the Scottish people in the ability of Scotland to govern herself, thus bringing increased support for independence. Gradualism comes from the Parti Qu b cois strategy for the independence of Quebec , tapisme . Citation needed date April 2010 Gradualism stands in opposition to the so called SNP Fundamentalist fundamentalist point of view that would stress the SNP s support of independence more, and appear to have coined the term fundamentalist too. Critics of gradualism maintain that it allows the UK parliament to dictate Scotland s status, rather than allowing people in Scotland itself to self determination self determine . Most political commentators today acknowledge that the current SNP leadership is by and large of the gradualist mould. Citation needed date April 2010 See also SNP Fundamentalist Scottish independence Scottish National Party DEFAULTSORT Snp Gradualist Category Scottish National Party Scotland poli stub ... more details
unreferenced date January 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The fundamentalist ideology within the Scottish National Party SNP is the belief that the SNP should emphasise its policy of Scottish independence more widely in order to achieve it. The argument goes that if the SNP is unprepared to argue for its central policy then it is unlikely ever to persuade the public of its worthiness. Many fundamentalists including Jim Sillars were extremely wary of supporting the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament as they believed it had been designed to limit the aspirations of those who desire independence. Sillars used his column in The Sun newspaper The Sun to make clear such concerns and accordingly advised people to abstain from voting in the 1997 referendum which endorsed the principle of devolution. See also Pur et dur , a member of a similar wing of the pro independence Parti Qu b cois DEFAULTSORT Snp Fundamentalist Category Politics of Scotland Category Scottish National Party Scotland poli stub ... more details
In computational complexity theory , SNP from Strict NP is a complexity class containing a limited subset of NP complexity NP based on its logical characterization in terms of graph theory graph theoretical properties. It forms the basis for the definition of the class MaxSNP of optimization problem s. One characterization of the complexity class NP complexity NP , shown by Ronald Fagin in 1974 and related to Fagin s theorem , is that it is the set of problems that can be reduced to properties of graph mathematics graph s expressible in existential second order logic . This logic allows universal &forall and existential &exist quantification over vertices, but only existential quantification over sets of vertices and relations between vertices. SNP retains existential quantification over sets and relations, but only permits universal quantification over vertices. SNP contains k SAT, the boolean satisfiability problem SAT where the formula is restricted to conjunctive normal form and to at most k literals per clause, where k is fixed. MaxSNP Suppose there is a problem in SNP characterized by a formula of the form &exist A p A where A is some set or relation and p is a first order predicate that can use it. One can define a corresponding optimization problem to find the relation or set that maximizes the number of tuples or elements, respectively, that satisfy the predicate p . The class of all such function problem s is called MaxSNP sub 0 sub and was defined by Christos Papadimitriou and Mihalis Yannakakis in their 1988 paper Optimization, approximation, and complexity classes. Papadimitriou and Yannakakis go on to complete this class by defining MaxSNP , the class of all problems with an L reduction linear reduction , not log space reduction to problems in MaxSNP sub 0 sub , and show that it has a natural complete complexity complete problem given an instance of 3CNFSAT ... SNP S snp CZoo MaxSNP M maxsnp CZoo MaxSNP sub 0 sub M maxsnp0 Category Complexity classes ... more details
The SNP Trade Union Group TUG is an affiliated organisation of the Scottish National Party SNP . They were formed in the 1960s as the Association of Scottish Nationalist Trade Unionists to persuade Scotland Scottish trade union ists of the virtues of Scottish independence and to ensure the SNP has an organised presence in the trade union movement. The TUG is allowed to send delegates to the SNP Annual National Conference of the Scottish National Party Annual National Conference and National Council of the Scottish National Party National Council meetings, and has one representative on the National Executive Committee of the Scottish National Party National Executive Committee NEC . See also Scottish topics External links http www.snp tug.org SNP Trade Union Group web site. Category Scottish National Party Trade Union Group Category Trade unions in Scotland Scotland org stub UK trade union stub ... more details
In experiments in which additional factors are not likely to interact with any of the other factors, a saturated array can be used. In a saturated matrix mathematics array , a controllable design of experiments factor is substituted for the interaction of two or more by products. Using a saturated array, a two factor test matrix could be used to test three factors. Using the saturated array allows three factors to be tested in four tests rather than in eight, as would be required by a standard orthogonality orthogonal array. statistics stub Category Design of experiments ... more details
Scottish Fair Trade Forum . ref name snp Election and political career He joined the SNP in 1994. ref name snp He spent a short time working as an assistant to Alex Salmond ref name snp and was part of the SNP s Internet advisory group. ref http findarticles.com p articles ... SNP Conference 2007 Malcolm Fleming on Fair Trade Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME ... more details
multiple issues confusing January 2010 notability January 2010 unreferenced January 2010 orphan July 2010 wikify January 2011 Control Array mostly used in Visual Basic is the collection of controls that programmer put it in form VB Form . Control array is always a single dimensional Array data structure array . Control array is that you can add or delete array elements at run time. With some controls, it is very useful to define control arrays it depends on the application. Control arrays are a convenient way to handle groups of controls that perform a similar function. All of the events available to the single control are still available to the array of controls, the only difference being an argument indicating the index of the selected array element is passed to the event. Hence, instead of writing individual procedures for each control i.e. not using control arrays , you only have to write one procedure for each array. Category BASIC programming language family ... more details
array is an Array data structure array in which most of the elements have the same value known ... array is inefficient for both computation and storage. An array in which there are a large number ... from an empty array position. If we do this, then for array of numbers, it should return zero, and for array of objects, it should return null. A naive implementation of an array may allocate space for the entire array, but in the case where there are few non default values, this implementation is inefficient. Typically the algorithm used instead of an ordinary array is determined by other known features or statistical features of the array for instance, if the sparsity is known in advance, or if the elements ... storing all of the allocated regions in, say a bit array . so what? blank space is not an indexed array sparse or not , indeed Representation Sparse Array can be represented as Sparse Array pos1 val1, pos2 val2,... or br Sparse Array pos1, pos2,... val1, val2,... which yields a sparse array in which values math val i math appear at positions math pos i math . Sparse Array as Linked List An obvious question that might be asked is why we need a linked list to represent a sparse array if we can represent it easily using a normal array. The answer to this question lies in the fact that while representing a sparse array as a normal array, a lot of space is allocated for zero or null elements. For example, consider the following array declaration br double arr 1000 1000 br When we define this array as enough space of 1,000,000 doubles is allocated. As each double requires 8 bytes of memory, this array will require 8 million bytes of memory. Because this is a sparse array, most of its elements will have a value of zero or null . Hence, defining this array will soak up all this space which will result in wastage of memory. An effective way to overcome this problem is to represent the array ..., when a linked list is used, the array elements can be accessed through fewer iterations than in a normal ... more details
orphan date December 2008 For the DVD magazine, see Array DVD magazine Deleted image removed Image ARRAY magazine.jpg right 150px ARRAY Magazine is a New York based interior design, lifestyle and culture quarterly magazine sponsored by the New York Design Center . It has been published since the winter of 2003 2004. With 40,000 readers, ARRAY is geared toward interior design professionals and their clients. External links http www.arrayny.com ARRAY Homepage Category Interior design Category Quarterly magazines Category Media in New York City Category Publications established in 2003 Category Magazines published in New York art mag stub hu ARRAY Magazine ... more details
File Aerial antenna.JPG thumb right 250px A multiband US television reception antenna Antenna array may refer to Antenna array electromagnetic a group of isotropic radiators such that the currents running through them are of different amplitudes and phases Interferometry Interferometric array of radio telescopes used in radio astronomy Phased array , also known as a smart antenna , an electronically steerable directional antenna typically used in Radar and in wireless communication systems, in view to achieve beamforming , multiple input and multiple output MIMO communication or space time coding Directional array refers to multiple antennas arranged such that the superposition of the electromagnetic waves produce a predictable electromagnetic field. Direction finding Watson Watt .2F Adcock antenna array Watson Watt Adcock antenna array the Watson Watt technique uses two Adcock antenna pairs to perform an amplitude comparison on the incoming signal. References reflist disambig ... more details
In computer architecture , a systolic array is a pipe network arrangement of processing units called ... array is composed of matrix like rows of data processing units called cells. Data processing units ... of a program counter , ref The Paracel GeneMatcher series of systolic array processors do have a program ... immediately after processing. The systolic array is often rectangular where data flows across the array ... streams entering and leaving the ports of the array are generated by auto sequencing memory units, ASMs ... . One matrix math matrix is fed in a row at a time from the top of the array and is passed down the array, the other matrix is fed in a column at a time from the left hand side of the array ... whole row and one whole column. At this point, the result of the multiplication is stored in the array and can now be output a row or a column at a time, flowing down or across the array. ref http web.cecs.pdx.edu mperkows temp May22 0020.Matrix multiplication systolic.pdf Systolic Array Matrix Multiplication ... them. Because the traditional systolic array synthesis methods have been practiced by algebraic ... with asynchronous handshake between DPUs are called wavefront arrays . One well known systolic array ... system has a linear array processor connected by data buses going in both directions. History The systolic array paradigm, data stream driven by data counters, is the counterpart of the von Neumann architecture ... array usually sends and receives multiple data streams, and multiple data counters are needed to generate ... 2 x a n 3 x ... a 1 x a 0 math A linear systolic array in which the processors are arranged in pairs ... Highly specialized for particular applications Difficult to build Super Systolic Array The super systolic array is a generalization of the systolic array. Because the classical synthesis methods ... array the super systolic array. Its application is not restricted to applications with regular ... array. More information about the background may be obtained from the articles about Systolic array ... more details
Infobox file format name Snapshot File icon extension tt .snp tt mime owner Microsoft type code genre Access report output, multi page, precise containerfor EMF File Format EMF contained pages containedby Cabinet file format CAB compression wrapper extended from extended to The SNP file format is used by Microsoft Access to store Report Snapshots in a single file which can be viewed and printed by the Microsoft http www.microsoft.com downloads details.aspx?FamilyID b73df33f 6d74 423d 8274 8b7e6313edfb&DisplayLang en Snapshot Viewer , available as a no additional charge download from Microsoft runs on Windows only . This allows report output to be exported and viewed on Windows computers which do not have Microsoft Access installed. File format SNP files are based on the Microsoft Compound File Binary Format CFBF , ref cite web accessdate 2006 05 22 format PDF url http www.aafassociation.org html specs aafcontainerspec v1.0.1.pdf title Advanced Authoring Format Low Level Container Specification work Microsoft Structured Storage version 3 specification PDF archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060507063557 http www.aafassociation.org html specs aafcontainerspec v1.0.1.pdf Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2006 05 07 ref which is also the basis for the Advanced Authoring Format AAF . CFBF is a reasonably simple container format which can store multiple files, directories and so on. ref cite web accessdate 2006 05 22 format PDF url http sc.openoffice.org compdocfileformat.pdf title Microsoft Compound Document File Format work OpenOffice.org CFBF description ref For SNP files, Microsoft Access uses CFBF to store each page as a separate EMF File Format Enhanced Metafile EMF like format containing all of the graphics commands required to reproduce the page. ref cite web accessdate 2008 09 27 format HTML url http social.msdn.microsoft.com Forums en US os binaryfile thread 858f2a6e ... discussion of SNP file format ref Since CFBF files are not compressed, Microsoft s Cabinet file format ... more details
In MIMO communication systems, array gain means a power gain of transmitted signals that is achieved by using multiple antennas at transmitter and or receiver, with respect to Single Input and Single Output SISO case. It can be simply called power gain . In a broadside array, the array gain is almost exactly proportional to the length of the array. This is the almost always the case provided that the elements of the antenna are not spaced to a point at which large radiation side lobs form in other directions and that the array length exceeds one or two wavelengths. The power gain of a broadside array is nearly independent of the number of broadside elements as long as both of these conditions are met. ref http www.smeter.net daily facts 12 fact5.php ref The two main types of array gain when combining signals are average power of combined signals relative to the individual average power and the diversity gain related to the probability level of outage. The diversity gain is dependent on spacial correlation coefficients between antenna signals. ref Andersen, J.B. , Array gain and capacity for known random channels with multiple element arrays at both ends, Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , vol.18, no.11, pp.2172 2178, Nov 2000 doi 10.1109 49.895022 ref Applications In radio astronomy because of background noise from modern communications it is difficult to achieve a good signal to noise ratio. Even for strong astronomical radio emission it is typical for SNR levels to be below 0 decibel. To counter this problem exposure of the antenna to the source over large periods of time are needed just as in visible sky viewing. Array gain is done by using multiple, even dozens of radio receivers to collect as much signal as possible. Robots equipped with antenna arrays have better communication using array gain to eradicate dead spots and reduce interferences. ref Hambling, David. Robots fall into line with the help of sparse array antenna. New Scientist 207 2010 ... more details
Array processing is signal processing of the outputs of an array of sensor s to Enhance the SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio SINR compared to that of a single sensor using conventional or adaptive beamforming . Determine the number of emitting sources, the locations of these sources, their waveforms , and other signal parameters. Track multiple moving sources. Array processing is used in radar ... of using array processing along with an array of sensors is a smaller foot print. The problems associated with array processing include the number of sources used, their direction of arrival s, and their signal ... 13 Array Processing lecture13 lecture13.pdf Spatial Array Processing . Signal and Image Processing Seminar. University of Texas at Austin. ref There are four assumptions in array processing. The first ... medium. The second assumption is that for far field array processing, the radius of propagation is much greater than size of the array and that there is plane wave propagation. The third assumption is that there is a zero ... bevans courses ee381k lectures 13 Array Processing lecture13 lecture13.pdf Spatial Array Processing ... of time are needed just as in visible sky viewing. Array gain is done by using multiple, even dozens ... research facility that was founded in Norway in 1968. NORSAR has been working with array processing ... seismic stations around the world. NORSAR has ongoing work to improve array processing to improve ... 83 Improving IMS array processing.aspx ref See also Phased Array Space Time Adaptive Processing References reflist cite book title Array Signal Processing last1 Johnson first1 D. H. last2 Dudgeon first2 D. E. year 1993 publisher Prentice Hall cite book first1 H. L. last1 Van Trees title Optimum Array .... last2 Viberg url http www.vissta.ncsu.edu publications ahk spm1996.pdf title Two Decades of Array ... accessdate 8 December 2010 S. Haykin and K.J.R. Liu Editors , Handbook on Array Processing and Sensor ... Smart Antennas slides proj sem.pdf array processing courseware DEFAULTSORT Array Processing Category ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 A processor array is like a storage array but contains and manages Process computing processing elements instead of storage elements. The processor array should have the following characteristics Should support forty or more processing elements blades per chassis The chassis should support the use of commodity motherboard s The chassis should only backplane power and management capabilities to extend the life of the chassis and reduce chassis change costs Will provide end to end redundant power Each processing element should support two or more redundant virtualized I O connections See also Computer cluster Distributed computing Massively parallel processor array Blade server Category Concurrent computing Category Fault tolerant computer systems tech stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 In broadcast engineering , directional array refers to an Antenna array electromagnetic antenna array arranged such that the Superposition principle superposition of the electromagnetic wave s produce a predictable electromagnetic field . By spacing 2 or more antenna elements apart, changing the length of the transmission line from the transmitter , varying the power output, and shifting the Phase waves phase , radio Broadcasting broadcasters can shape the area of signal coverage. Geographically close Co channel interference co channel or adjacent channel stations employ directional arrays or a single directional antenna so that other broadcasters may utilize the same or adjacent frequency . In the United States , the Federal Communications Commission offers a first come, first served approach, meaning licenses granted on co channel or adjacent channels must protect the service contour of the previously licensed facility, thus, a directional array may be used to shape the station around existing facilities. DEFAULTSORT Directional Array Category Broadcast engineering Category Radio frequency antenna types pl Szyki kierunkowe Telecomm stub ... more details
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