SS 7 can stand for Signalling System No. 7 , a set of telephone signaling protocols. The R 16 missile, with NATO reporting name SS 7 Saddler . China Railways SS7 , an electric locomotive model in China. Super Socket 7 , a chip socket introduced by AMD Letter NumberCombDisambig de SS7 it SS7 sr SS7 zh SS7 ... more details
Signaling System 7 SS7 Probe is a physical device to obtain signalling and or bearer information from a telecommunications network , such as the public switched telephone network PSTN or a corporate telephone system. The probe passively monitors the E carrier level 1 E1 Digital Signal 1 T1 or SDH SONET bearers, and extracts the signalling information for onward presentation to a network Application software application . A passive probe does not affect the network under observation, and this is achieved through use of protected monitor points on the network distribution frame s. Applications The network application may be Lawful Interception ref Cite book author Hoffmann, Paul Terplan, Kornel authorlink coauthors title Intelligence Support Systems Technologies for Lawful Intercepts year 2005 publisher AUERBACH location isbn 978 0 8493 2855 8 url http books.google.co.uk books?id 0KQm1tywT3kC&pg PT149&dq passive probe lawful intercept&sig ACfU3U12NymhP1aeLY0wvLS7CUcyNFlLkw pages 123, 124 ref or a revenue generating application such as Missed call . Probes are also extensively used in Operational support systems OSS . Applications served by probes include solutions for Inter Carrier Billing, Revenue Loss ByPass Phantom Traffic and Analysis Services , Fraud Prevention, Billing, Local Number Portability, Quality of Service, Surveillance Global Call Trace , Maintenance Protocol Analysis , Traffic Engineering Link and Trunk Forecasting Alarming and SS7, Sigtran and IS 41 monitoring. Passive monitoring probes provide a network and switch vendor independent solution for network applications. Lawful Interception Lawful interception concerns the delivery of calls and data to government approved reception centers. Interception is authorized through a legal framework, such as UK RIPA ref cite web url http www.opsi.gov.uk acts acts2000 ukpga 20000023 en 1 title RIPA accessdate 2008 ... date 2008 07 28 ref or Russia SORM . Technology SS7 probe technology provides the correct physical ... more details
Infobox locomotive name SS7 image SS7 0076.jpg caption SS7 electric locomotive powertype Electric builder Datong locomotive factory Datong Electric Locomotive Works buildmodel SS sub 7 sub builddate 1992 2007 totalproduction 113 uicclass Bo Bo Bo gauge RailGauge sg wheelbase convert 17080 mm ftin abbr on length convert 22016 mm ftin abbr on between coupler centers width convert 3105 mm ftin abbr on height convert 4700 mm ftin abbr on convert 30 mm abbr on axleload 23 t electricsystem 25 kV AC transmission AC DC topspeed convert 100 km h abbr on poweroutput 4,800 kW tractiveeffort 485 kN starting br 351 kN continuous The SS7 is a type of electric locomotive used on the People s Republic of China s national railway system. They are widely used on electrified lines in the southwest part of China. The design of SS7 was influenced by the China Railways 6K 6K , an electric locomotive model imported from Japan . Derivatives of SS7 include SS7B, SS7C, SS7D and SS7E. commonscat China Railways SS7 electric loco stub Category Bo Bo Bo locomotives Category Electric locomotives of the People s Republic of China SS7 Category 25 kV AC locomotives Category Datong locomotives Category Railway locomotives introduced in 1992 ja 7 zh 7 hu China Railways SS7 Locomotives of China ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 In telecommunication, a high speed link is a way to carry a number of voice channels over an Synchronous optical networking SDH like link. Transfer protocol layers for SS7 network access Image Transfer Protocol Layers for SS7 Network Access.PNG Category Telecommunications terms telecomm term stub fr High Speed Link ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 context October 2009 unreferenced November 2008 The signaling link selection or SLS is a field in the Message Transfer Part MTP level 3 frame of SS7 . The SLS is used as a label to route MTP level 3 messages in the SS7 network. SLS can also be used in reference to the algorithm that an SS7 node uses for selection of the appropriate signaling link to use for communicating with an adjacent SS7 node. Factors such as load balancing and link availability are used to determine the appropriate link. Category Signaling System 7 ... more details
SS7 stack Signalling System No. 7 SS7 is a set of telephony Signaling telecommunications signaling protocols ... System No. 7 or Signalling System 7 , or simply abbreviated to SS7 . In North America it is often referred ... 7 and CCIS7 Common Channel Interoffice Signaling 7 . There is only one international SS7 protocol ... Q.700 en ITU T Recommendation Q.700 ref There are however, many national variants of the SS7 protocols ... with SS7 MTP2 M2UA and M2PA MTP3 M3UA Signalling Connection Control Part SCCP SUA but use ... Yellow Book Q.7XX series recommendations. ref name q700 SS7 was designed to replace SS6, which had a restricted .... ref name Ronayne 1986 145 SS7 has substantially replaced SS6 , Signalling System No. 5 SS5 , Multi ... with Blue box phreaking blue box es. SS6 and SS7 implement out of band signaling protocols, carried .... See falsing . SS6 and SS7 are referred to as so called C ommon C hannel I nteroffice S ignalling ... increasing anyway at the time SS7 was implemented. The common channel signaling paradigm was translated ... upon IP, the SIGTRAN protocols are not an SS7 variant, but simply transport existing national and international variants of SS7. ref name rfc2716 http www.ietf.org rfc rfc2719.txt RFC 2719 Framework ... Private branch exchange PBX trunks. In contrast, SS7 signaling is termed Common Channel Signaling CCS ... prior to SS7 battery reversal, Multi frequency multi frequency digit outpulsing , Robbed bit signaling ... digits and charge number digits were outpulsed. SS7, being a high speed and high performance packet ... deployed upper layer protocols in the SS7 signaling suite were dedicated to the setup, maintenance ... for its operation, SS7 signaling is mostly used for signaling between Telephone exchange telephone ... CPE . Because SS7 signaling does not require seizure of a channel for a conversation prior ... switch. Another characteristic of ISDN User Part ISUP made possible by SS7 with NFAS ... possible with SS7 is Non Call Associated Signaling, which is signaling that is not directly related ... more details
technical date October 2011 DS0A is the interface most commonly used for Signaling System 7 SS7 networks in the US. It is a 56 64kbit s channel typically located in a DS1 or larger facility. The DS0A electrical interface usually only exists inside a central office environment, and only exists for the sole purpose of connecting into a channel bank to be multiplexed onto a higher facility. Sources http www.cisco.com en US products hw switches ps2246 products pre installation guide chapter09186a00800ea6d1.html Cisco SS7 Fundamentals Russell, Travis. http www.amazon.com Signaling System 7 Travis Russell dp 0071387722 Signaling System 7 Mcgraw Hill Telecommunications Category Signaling System 7 ... more details
A mobile messaging operator is a specialized form of mobile network operator that provides mobile messaging services such as SMS or Multimedia Messaging Service to businesses or other mobile operators. Types of mobile messaging operators There are two types of mobile messaging operators, aggregators and SS7 Signaling System 7 providers. The aggregator model involves the mobile messaging operator signing multiple individual agreements with mobile operators to facilitate two way SMS traffic through that operator s SMSC Short Message Service Center . SMS messages are delivered to the operator s SMSC, but not the subscriber s handset the SMSC takes care of further handling of the message through the SS7 network. The SS7 model enables mobile messaging operators to route data directly through the SS7 system, giving the provider greater control and visibility of the transmission path during SMS routing. In this way, SMS messages can be sent directly to and from recipients without having to go through the SMSCs of other mobile operators. Some mobile messaging operators also operate a mixed model, combining SS7 and aggregated connectivity. Uses of mobile messaging operators Mobile messaging operators can provide businesses or other mobile operators with a range of messaging services, including SMS transmission and reception Short codes and long numbers Mobile ticketing Mobile authentication services Two factor authentication Wireless Tokens Premium rate SMS services Premium rate SMS Premium rated short messages SMS Voting Mobile interaction services See also SMS SMS gateway short message service center SMSC Mobile network operator Bulk messaging Signaling System 7 Category Mobile telecommunications ... more details
too abstract date September 2011 unreferenced date January 2011 A service control point SCP is a standard component of the Intelligent Network IN telephone system which is used to control the service. Standard SCPs in the telecom industry today are deployed using SS7 , Sigtran or Session Initiation Protocol SIP technologies. The SCP queries the service data point SDP which holds the actual database and directory. SCP, using the database from the SDP, identifies the geographical number to which the call is to be routed. This is the same mechanism that is used to route 800 number s. SCP may also communicate with an intelligent peripheral IP to play voice messages, or prompt for information to the user, such as prepaid long distance using account codes. This is done by implementing telephone feature code s like , which can be used to terminate the input for a user name or password or can be used for call forwarding . These are realized using INAP Intelligent Network Application Part INAP that sits above Transaction Capabilities Application Part TCAP on the SS7 protocol stack. The TCAP is part of the top or 7th layer of the SS7 layer breakdown. SCPs are connected with either Service switching point SSPs or Signal transfer point STPs . This is dependent upon the network architecture that the network service provider wants. The most common implementation uses STPs. SCP and SDP split is becoming a common industry practice. This is known generally in the industry by split architecture. Reason is that operators want to decouple the dependency between the two functionality to facilitate upgrades and possibly rely on different vendors. External links http www.tekelec.com ss7 ss7.asp SS7 Overview Tekelek inc Compu network stub telecom stub Category Telecommunications terms Category Signaling System 7 de Service Control Point es Service Control Point pl Service Control Point ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 In telecommunications , a Signaling End Point SEP is an Signaling System 7 SS7 endpoint . This is to be contrasted with a Signal Transfer Point STP . Examples include Intelligent Network components such as Service Control Point s SCPs and Service switching point Service Switching Point s SSPs Telephone exchanges implementing Telephone User Part TUP or ISDN User Part ISUP Mobile Switching Center s implementing MAP Category Signaling System 7 Telecomm stub ... more details
About the phone information dabatase other uses LIDB disambiguation Unreferenced date May 2009 LIDB is an acronym for Line Information DataBase, which is used by traditional telephone companies to store and retrieve Caller ID records. Local phone switches, also known as Class 5 telephone switches Class 5 switches , use Signaling System 7 SS7 signaling protocol to query these centralized databases and pass this information during call set up. Category Telephony Category Caller ID technology stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Telephone User Part TUP provides conventional PSTN telephony services across the SS7 network. TUP was the first layer 4 protocol defined by the standards bodies and as such did not provision for ISDN services. It has now largely been replaced by ISUP . However, it can still be found in operational use in some parts of the world eg China . TUP is defined in ITU T Recommendations Q.721 725. These define the international telephone call control signalling functions for use over SS7 . Various national variants of TUP have evolved, some of which provide varying degrees of support for ISDN . E.g. French SSUTR2 and Chinese TUP Specification GF001 9001 . DEFAULTSORT Telephone User Part Tup Category Signaling System 7 Category Integrated Services Digital Network Technology stub es TUP sr ... more details
them with their existing SS7 signaling infrastructure. See also Common Channel Signaling br Signaling System 7 SS7 br SIGTRAN br Signal Transfer Point STP br Signaling gateway Signaling Gateway ... for Signaling Transport. External links Edge device and method for interconnecting SS7 signaling points ... Edge device and method for interconnecting SS7 signaling points SPs using edge device http www.patentstorm.us ... more details
An SS7 point code is similar to an IP address in an IP network. It is a unique address for a node Signaling Point, or SP , used in Message Transfer Part MTP layer 3 to identify the destination of a message signal unit MSU . In such a message you will find an OPC Originating Point Code and a DPC Destination Point Code sometimes documents also refer to it as a signaling point code . Depending on the network, a point code can be 24 bits North America, China , 16 bits Japan , or 14 bits ITU standard, International SS7 network and most countries in length. ANSI point codes use 24 bits, mostly in 8 8 8 format. ref ANSI T.111.4 2000, Message Transfer Part. ref ITU point codes use 14 bits and are written in 3 8 3 format. ref http www.itu.int rec T REC Q.704 en ITU T Recommendation Q.704 , Message Transfer Part. ref Fourteen bit point codes can be written in a number of formats. The most common formats are decimal number, hexadecimal number, or 3 8 3 format 3 most significant bits, 8 middle bits, 3 least significant bits . Twenty four bit point codes are written in one of decimal, hexadecimal, or 8 8 8 format. Abbreviations OPC Originating Point Code DPC Destination Point Code ISPC International Signaling Point Code References Reflist External links http jhartman.webd.pl pc Web based PointCode converter http www.valid8.com conversiontools.html SS7 Point Code Converter by Valid8.com Category Signaling System 7 ru zh ... more details
In telephony , a service switching point SSP is the telephone exchange that initially responds, when a telephone caller dials a number, by sending a query to a central database called a service control point SCP so that the call can be handled. The service switching point uses the Signalling System 7 SS7 protocols which are responsible for the call setup, management, and termination with other service switching points. Relationship between SSP and SCP With the introduction of the Intelligent Network architecture, service functionality e.g. UK translation of 0800 non geographic telephone numbers is being removed from the actual telephone exchange and devolved out into other computer nodes. In this new architecture, the telephone exchange is known as an SSP and the node that contains the services and hence controls the progression of a call is known as service control point SCP . Example of a 0800 number translation service In the UK 08XXX numbers are non geographic numbers that is, the number does not refer to a telephone number in any particular region of the UK. To route a call to such an 08XXX number, the number must be translated into a geographic number e.g. 0121 XXX XXXX for Birmingham numbers . An SSP telephone exchange receives a call to an 0800 number. This causes a trigger within the SSP that causes an SCP Service Control Point to be queried using SS7 protocols INAP , Transaction Capabilities Application Part TCAP . The SCP responds with a geographic number, e.g. 0121 XXX XXXX, and the call is actually routed to a phone. By this architecture 08XXX non geographic numbers can be set up in a few SCP nodes rather than having to be set up in every telephone exchange in the country. geographic numbers can be hidden revenue can be generated by non telecoms companies from people making telephone calls to services e.g. telephone voting External links http www.iec.org online tutorials ss7 SS7 Tutorial Signalling architecuture, including SSP description. Link Dead Cat ... more details
IUP may refer to Indiana University of Pennsylvania , the largest of the state owned universities in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education IUP Crimson Hawks , the intercollegiate athletic program of the above school IUP Portfolio , a Swedish short for individual development plan IUP software , a computer software that provides a portable, scriptable toolkit for GUI building. Industrial Union Party Interconnect User Part , UK specific SS7 protocol Inter University Program for Chinese Language Study at Tsinghua University Intrauterine Pregnancy , the normal location for a pregnancy to occur Intrinsically unstructured protein disambig ... more details
The Common Network Interface CNI Ring provides Common Channel Signaling CCS functionality on several Alcatel Lucent SS7 products. It was introduced by Western Electric in the early 1980s but is still used today in all 1AESS and 4ESS , ref http www.patentstorm.us patents 5592466 description.html US Patent 5592466 Network interconnect backup ref offices, and most of the wireline 5ESS ref Common channel signaling in the AT&T US 5ESS switch Brown, R.B., Jr. Holmes, C.V. Lanoux, M.D. Marciani, T.P. Proceedings of the IEEE Volume 80, Issue 4, Apr 1992 Page s 618 627 ref offices. It was designed and manufactured at the combined Bell Labs WECo location in Columbus Ohio . References reflist http att.elearn.ihost.com websites Contingency Source TS 20144 20Nodal 20Services 20Delivery 51246880 tf0100 05.pdf Category Telephony signals ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE 17457 1990 SC sub 11 sub 17457 1990 SC sub 11 sub is a asteroid belt main belt minor planet . It was discovered by Henry E. Holt at the Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, California San Diego County , California, on September 16, 1990. ref http ssd.jpl.nasa.gov sbdb.cgi?sstr 17457 JPL Small Body Database Browser ref See also List of minor planets 17001 18000 References reflist beltasteroid stub MinorPlanets Navigator 17456 1991 SS7 17458 Dick Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT 1990 SC11 Category Astronomical objects discovered in 1990 Category Discoveries by Henry E. Holt Category Main Belt asteroids vi 17457 1990 SC11 ... more details
networks, leveraging investments associated with SS7 and delivering the cost performance values associated ... layer for providing an SS7 MTP signaling link over an IP network. It is specified in RFC 4165. M2UA ... Ss7 C7 year 2007 publisher Cisco Press location Indianapolis isbn 978 1587053573 Link to online version ... No. 7 SS7 C7 Protocol, Architecture, and Services year 2004 publisher Cisco Press location Indianapolis ... Signaling System No. 7 SS7 C7 Protocol, Architecture, and Services . Full HTML version of the 2004 .... http www.iec.org online tutorials ss7 over index.html IEC Tutorial IEC SS7 over IP SIGTRAN ... more details
SS7stack The Mobile Application Part MAP is an Signaling System 7 SS7 protocol which provides an application layer for the various nodes in GSM and UMTS Network Switching Subsystem mobile core networks and GPRS Core Network GPRS core networks to communicate with each other in order to provide services to mobile phone users. The Mobile Application Part is the application layer protocol used to access the Home Location Register, Visitor Location Register, Mobile Switching Center, Equipment Identity Register, Authentication Centre, Short message service center and SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN . Facilities provided The primary facilities provided by MAP are Mobility Services location management roaming , authentication, managing service subscription information, fault recovery, Operation and Maintenance subscriber tracing, retrieving a subscriber s IMSI Call Handling routing, managing calls whilst roaming, checking that a subscriber is available to receive calls Supplementary Services Short message service Short Message Service Packet Data Protocol PDP services for GPRS providing routing information for GPRS connections Location Service Management Services obtaining the location of subscribers Published specification The Mobile Application Part specifications were originally defined by the GSM Association, but are now controlled by ETSI 3GPP . MAP is defined by two different standards, depending upon the mobile network type MAP for GSM prior to Release 4 is specified by http www.3gpp.org ftp Specs html info 0902.htm 3GPP TS 09.02 MAP for UMTS 3G and GSM Release 99 and later ... SS7 protocols or over Internet Protocol IP using Transport Independent Signalling Connection ... cellular telephony networks like GSM and UMTS the SS7 application MAP is used. Voice connections ... MSC transported over SS7 include the following B VLR uses MAP B . Most MSCs are associated with a Visitor ... Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN transported over SS7 Gr HLR for attaching to the PS network and location ... more details
SS7 stack The Message Transfer Part MTP is part of the Signaling System 7 SS7 used for communication in Public Switched Telephone Network s. MTP is responsible for reliable, unduplicated and in sequence transport of SS7 messages between communication partners. MTP is formally defined primarily in ITU T recommendations http www.itu.int rec T REC Q.701 en Q.701 , http www.itu.int rec T REC Q.702 en Q.702 , http www.itu.int rec T REC Q.703 en Q.703 , http www.itu.int rec T REC Q.704 en Q.704 and http www.itu.int rec T REC Q.705 en Q.705 . Tests for the MTP are specified in the ITU T recommendations http www.itu.int rec T REC Q.781 en Q.781 for MTP2 and in http www.itu.int rec T REC Q.782 en Q.782 for MTP3. These tests are used to validate the correct implementation of the MTP protocol. Different countries use different variants of the MTP protocols. In North America, the formal standard followed is ANSI T1.111. In Europe, national MTP protocols are based on ETSI http webapp.etsi.org workprogram Report WorkItem.asp?WKI ID 19130 EN 300 008 1 . Functional levels The Signaling System 7 SS7 stack can be separated into four functional levels ref http www.itu.int rec T REC Q.700 199303 I en ITU .... That is, the layer that is responsible for the connection of SS7 Signaling Points into the transmission ... called signal units to transmit SS7 messages. There are three types of signal units Fill in Signal ... through the SS7 network to the requested endpoint . Each network element in the SS7 network has a unique ... of the Signaling System 7 SS7 stack are all directly, or indirectly, MTP Users . Some examples ... System 7 SS7 Message Transfer Part 2 MTP2 User Peer to Peer Adaptation Layer M2PA . RFC 3331, Signaling System 7 SS7 Message Transfer Part 2 MTP2 User Adaptation Layer M2UA RFC 4666, Signaling System 7 SS7 Message Transfer Part 3 MTP3 User Adaptation Layer M3UA External links http www.iec.org online tutorials ss7SS7 Tutorial SS7 Tutorial, including MTP description. Category Signaling System 7 ... more details
SGP may be an acronym for Standard Gross Profit financial term a 7th grade program in lackwaxen PA, a Lubavitch Summer camp, part of Chayolei inc. SGP is known throughout the world for The best staff, made from the best stuff on earth Republic of Singapore SGP The Secret Garden Party , a small music festival in the United Kingdom SGP Systems Soukup Graphic Programming Systems , programming teaching tools for kids, children, youth and adults e.g. Baltie Signaling Gateway Process A physical gateway that provides interconnection of IP signaling to SS7 Network signaling over SS7 T1 E1 links using SIGTRAN SigTran . Simmering Graz Pauker , an Austrian company, now part of Siemens Simplified General Perturbations model s Smart Girl Politics right wing women s group The Tea party ladies auxiliary Sophie Germain Prime Speedway Grand Prix , a series of motorcycling contests The Stability and Growth Pact , an EU fiscal agreement Stefan Grand Prix The Sustainable Green Printing Partnership http www.sgppartnership.org The symbol grounding problem in artificial intelligence Symposium on Geometry Processing , a computer graphics conference Student Growth Percentiles , an open source methodology for quantifying student academic progress Political parties The Reformed Political Party Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij in the Netherlands The Scottish Green Party in the United Kingdom NON NOTABLE RED LINKS Secretive Government Police, from the story SGP Grilled Cheese Saga Other SGP is the ISO 3166 1 alpha 3 country code for Singapore . disambig cs SGP de SGP eo SGP fr SGP it SGP nl SGP ja SGP pl SGP sl SGP sv SGP zh SGP ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A Signaling Gateway is a network component responsible for transferring Signalling telecommunication signaling messages i.e. information related to call establishment, billing, location, short messages, address conversion, and other services between Common Channel Signaling Common Channel Signaling CCS nodes that communicate using different protocols and transports. Transport conversion is often from Signaling System 7 SS7 to Internet Protocol IP . A SIGTRAN Signaling Gateway is a network component that performs packet level translation of signaling from common channel signaling based upon SS7 to SIGTRAN signaling based upon IP . The concept of the SIGTRAN signaling gateway was introduced in the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF document RFC 2719 Architectural Framework for Signaling Transport. A signaling gateway can be implemented as an embedded component of some other network element, or can be provided as a stand alone network element. For example a signaling gateway is often part of a softswitch in modern Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP deployments. The signaling gateway function can also be included within the larger operational domain of a Signal Transfer Point Signal Transfer Point STP . Protocol conversion gateways can also convert from one network operational paradigm to another for example, Session Initiation Protocol SIP to ISDN User Part ISUP for call control, SIP to Transaction Capabilities Application Part TCAP for address translation, or SIP to MAP for location or presence. See also Media gateway DEFAULTSORT Signaling Gateway Category VoIP terminology & concepts Category Signaling System 7 Telecomm stub Compu network stub ... more details
For the anime and manga series Bobobo bo Bo bobo Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 image Locomotiva E656 569.jpg thumb Italian articulated Bo Bo Bo FS Class E656 E656 locomotive, Rome , June 2, 2006. Image Vl65 003.jpg thumb Rigid electric Bo Bo Bo with train, near Orenburg , 2006 A Bo Bo Bo in UIC classification is a locomotive with three independent two axle bogies with all axle s powered. In the AAR wheel arrangement AAR system , this is simplified to AAR wheel arrangement B B B B B B . The Bo Bo Bo configuration is often used to lower axle weight while keeping lateral forces low compared to a locomotive with two three axle bogies, thus allowing the locomotive to use lightly laid track, in particular narrow gauge railways. The arrangement is extensively used on Italy Italian and Japan ese railways. Other examples include New Zealand s NZR DJ class DJ , NZR EW class EW and New Zealand EF class locomotive EF classes the Eurotunnel Class 9 locomotives, which were themselves derived from the New Zealand EF class the Swiss SBB Re 6 6 Re 620 and the South Korea n Korail Class 8000 . China imported China Railways Class 6K 6K electric locomotive from Japan between 1986 and 1987. The Bo Bo Bo design was applied to China Railways Class SS7 SS7 series except SS7E. This wheel arrangement requires either an articulated frame or significant side play on the center bogie. The Italian locomotives and New Zealand EW class are articulated, whereas the Eurotunnel and New Zealand EF and DJ class locomotives central bogies have a lot of sideplay. See also category Bo Bo Bo locomotives Bo Bo Bo locomotives Category Locomotives by wheel arrangement Category Bo Bo Bo locomotives Loco stub zh Bo Bo Bo ... more details
IPstack In computer network ing, the Reliable User Datagram Protocol RUDP is a transport layer Communications protocol protocol designed at Bell Labs for the Plan 9 from Bell Labs Plan 9 operating system . It aims to provide a solution where User Datagram Protocol UDP is too primitive because guaranteed order packet information technology packet delivery is desirable, but Transmission Control Protocol TCP adds too much complexity overhead. It extends UDP by adding the following additional features Acknowledgment of received packets Windowing and flow control Retransmission of lost packets Overbuffering Faster than real time streaming RUDP is not currently a formal standard, however it was described in an Internet Engineering Task Force IETF http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf sigtran reliable udp internet draft in 1999. It has not been proposed for standardization. Cisco RUDP Cisco in its Signalling Link Terminals either standalone or integrated in another gateway uses RUDP for Backhaul telecommunications backhauling of Signaling System 7 SS7 MTP3 or ISDN signaling. RUDP v0 no checksums is used for SS7 MTP3 backhaul RUDP v1 with checksum is used for ISDN PRI backhaul The versions are mutually incompatible and differ slightly from the IETF draft. The structure of the Cisco Session Manager used on top of RUDP is also different. Microsoft R UDP Microsoft has introduced another protocol they refer to as R UDP. It is used in their MediaRoom product for IPTV service delivery over multicast networks. This is a proprietary protocol and very little is known about its operation. It is not thought to be based on the above referenced IETF draft. References RFC 908 Version 1 RFC 1151 Version 2 http plan9.bell labs.com sources plan9 sys src 9 ip rudp.c Plan 9 implementation of RUDP http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf sigtran reliable udp 00 http www.cisco.com en US products hw vcallcon ps2152 products data sheet09186a0080091b58.html Cisco Signaling Link Terminal Category Transpor ... more details
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