File Water salinity diagram.png thumb 300px right File WOA05 sea surf SAL AYool.png thumb right 300px Annual mean sea surface salinity for the World Ocean . Data from the World Ocean Atlas 2005. ref http www.nodc.noaa.gov OC5 WOA05 World Ocean Atlas 2005 ref Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt ... chloride , magnesium sulfate magnesium and calcium sulfate s, and bicarbonate s. Salinity ... soil salinity . Definitions style margin left auto margin right auto br style background B8E0F6 colspan 4 Water salinity style background 87CEFA Fresh water Brackish water Saline water Brine style background 00BFFF 0.05 0.05 3 3 5 5 style background 00BFFF 0.5 0.5 30 30 50 50 Salinity in the ocean refers to the water s saltiness . In oceanography, it has been traditional to express salinity not as percent ..., and thus salinity is frequently reported in mg L or ppm parts per million . Prior to 1978, salinity ... doi 10.1080 15210608209379432 title The practical salinity scale of 1978 and its antecedents year ... redefined salinity in the Practical Salinity Scale PSS as the conductivity ratio of a sea water sample to a standard KCl solution. ref Unesco 1981 . The Practical Salinity Scale 1978 and the International ... Salinity Scale 1978 . Tech. Pap. Mar. Sci. , 37 ref Although PSS is a dimensionless quantity , its unit is usually called PSU. It is not the case that a salinity of 35 exactly equals 35 ... their practical use, but it must be remembered that salinity is the sum weight of many different elements within a given volume of water. It has always been the case that to get a precise salinity as a concentration ... one method of determining salinity . For example, volume is influenced by water temperature and also ..., where the term haline applies although is not universally used . Contour line s of constant salinity are called isohale s. Systems of classification of water bodies based upon salinity Before changing ..., another term for which is euhaline seas . The salinity of euhaline seas is 30 to 35. Brackish ... more details
Dryland salinity is salinity that occurs in a landscape that is not irrigated, as distinct from irrigation salinity and Urban area urban salinity . Overview Salinity refers to the movement and concentration of salt in the landscape and its associated detriment to land and water resources dryland salinity refers to salinity in unirrigated landscapes. Salinity processes extend from local to regional scales and are driven by imbalances in the water budget that result, primarily, from agriculturally driven landscape change. Understanding dryland salinity requires a look at the water cycle . Water enters the soil from precipitation this is called infiltration hydrology Infiltration water may remain indefinitely within the spaces or pores between soil particles as soil moisture. Soil moisture may be lost to the surface or atmosphere directly, or through plant uptake this is called evapotranspiration ... of land. Dryland salinity is a sign that the water balance of the nearby area of land or catchment has been altered. Clearing as little as 25 of a catchment can cause salinity to occur. In addition to adding extra recharge, salinity may also be caused if the aquifers discharge capacity has been exceeded ... of Dryland Salinity The role of soils in dryland salinity Dryland salinity management often focuses ... for the management of dryland salinity the multiple benefits of improving soil health are clear and can ... in two contexts when it comes to dryland salinity Recharge and discharge. Soils in groundwater ... areas, that are at risk of future salinity, the goal is to minimise recharge. This can be done by planting ... use and salinity should be acknowledged. Soils in groundwater discharge areas The manifestation of dryland salinity is largely a problem of groundwater however the accumulation of salt within the soil ... salinity in catchments In discharge areas, salinity can be managed by establishing salt tolerant ... would contributed to an environmental problem. See also Salinity in Australia Salinity ... more details
post. Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil. ref http europeandcis.undp.org WaterWiki index.php Soil salinity from Soil salinity in WaterWiki, the on line Knowledge and Collaboration ... Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. ref Causes of soil salinity Salt affected soils are caused by excess ... salinity increases, salt effects can result in soils retrogression and degradation degradation ... can increase the salinity of soils by the addition of salts in irrigation water. Proper irrigation ... of the water table led to the salination of the arable land . Dry land salinity dryland salinitySalinity in drylands can occur when the water table is between two to three metres from the surface ... of trees for agriculture is a major reason for dryland salinity in some areas, since deep rooting of trees has been replaced by shallow rooting of annual crops. Salinity due to irrigation Image Salinity from irrigation.png thumb 400px Rain or irrigation, in the absence of leaching, can bring salts to the surface by capillary action Main Environmental impacts of irrigation Salinity from irrigation ... in the soil and eventually begin to accumulate. Since soil salinity makes it more difficult for plants ... of saline water for irrigating agricultural crops. Salinity in urban areas often results from the combination ... areas . Consequences of salinity The consequences of salinity are detrimental effects ... strongly affected by the amounts of salts. Salinity is an important land degradation problem. Soil salinity can be reduced by leaching agriculture leaching soluble salts out of soil with excess irrigation water. Soil salinity control involves watertable control and leaching model flushing in combination ... of waterlogged land and soil salinity control accessdate 2010 07 28 ref A comprehensive treatment of soil salinity is available from the FAO . ref Salt Affected Soils and their Management, FAO Soils Bulletin 39 http www.fao.org docrep x5871e x5871e00.htm ref br High levels of soil salinity can be tolerated ... more details
to increased salinity Soil salinity and dryland salinity are two problems degrading the environment of Australia . Salinity is a concern in most states, but especially in the south west of Western ... salinity . Australian Academy of Science. ref The Eastern Mallee and the Western Mallee of Western Australia are areas that are prone to salinity with little remedial action being undertaken to rectify .... In the Murray River valley irrigation has caused salinity problems. Land surrounding the town of Werrimull, Victoria Werrimull in the northwest of Victoria have been affected by salinity due to land .... 1999. Australian Trees for the Rehabilitation of Waterlogged and Salinity Damaged Landscapes. Australian ... salt, resulting in soil salinity. This can be caused by an imbalance in the hydrological ... native vegetation resulted in ground water levels remaining static. ref name Dryland salinity ... ?tag content col1 Dryland salinity in south western Australia its origins, remedies, and future ... cycle, and results in dryland salinity . Salinity is classified as a dissolved salt content of a substance like soil or water. Salinity can prevent crops and other vegetation from growing leaving land empty. Image Wheatbelt Versalzungsschaden.JPG thumb right Salinity damage in the wheatbelt region of Western Australia near Babakin, Western Australia Babakin . Irrigation is also a contributor to salinity ... farming methods. ref name ABCSlab99 cite news url http www.abc.net.au science slab salinity default.htm publisher Australian Broadcasting Corporation year 1999 title Salinity our silent disaster ... million hectares by 2050. ref name Salinity http www.environment.gov.au land pressures salinity index.html Salinity . Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities ... ic imbalances, resulting in poor growth, and death. ref name Dryland salinity causes and impacts http www.dpi.nsw.gov.au data assets pdf file 0006 309381 Dryland salinity causes and impacts.pdf Department ... more details
The Great Salinity Anomaly originally referred to a significant disturbance caused by a major pulse of freshwater input to the Nordic Seas in the late 1960s and early 1970s. ref http www.mindfully.org Water 2005 Fresh Water N Atlantic16jun05.htm ref . Hakkinen. 1999 Since the discovery of this GSA, the term Great Salinity Anomaly has been applied to successive occurrences of the same phenomenon, including the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1980s ref http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0079661198000159 ref and the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1990s. ref http www.agu.org pubs crossref 2004 2003GL019334.shtml ref The recovery time for reversion of such anomalies is typically on the order of several years. Belkin. 2004 A Great Salinity Anomaly affects sea basins over a wide geographical distance, as seawater moved from one basin to another this propagation affected numerous far northern sea basins, with the latest arrival being the Norwegian Sea . Hogan. 2011 References reflist Sirpa H kkinen. 1999 A Simulation of Thermohaline Effects of a Great Salinity Anomaly . J. Climate, 12, 1781 1795. doi 10.1175 1520 0442 1999 012 1781 ASOTEO 2.0.CO 2 C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Norwegian Sea . Eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment U.S. Washington DC Igor M. Belkin. 2004. Propagation of the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1990s around the northern North Atlantic . GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 31, L08306, 4 PP., doi 10.1029 2003GL019334 Category Oceanography ru ... more details
expandlist date November 2011 This is a list of bodies of water by salinity that is limited to bodies of water that have a stable salinity above 0.5 parts per thousand class wikitable sortable Salinity Body Name Body Type Region or Countries References 400 parts per thousand Don Juan Pond Salt Lake Antarctica 350 parts per thousand Garabogazk l Salt Lake flag Turkmenistan 348 parts per thousand Lake Assal Djibouti Lake Assal Salt Lake flag Djibouti 337 parts per thousand Dead Sea Salt Lake JOR , ISR ref Goetz, P.W. ed. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica 15th ed. . Vol. 3, p. 937. Chicago, 1986 ref 50 270 parts per thousand Great Salt Lake Salt Lake US ref http geology.utah.gov online html pi pi 39 pi39pg9.htm Can I float in Great Salt Lake? . Utah Geological Survey . ref 50 99 parts per thousand Lake Mono Salt Lake US ref http www.monolake.org about faq Mono Lake FAQ ref 35 parts per thousand Atlantic Ocean Ocean ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 41191 Atlantic Ocean 33294 Salinity and temperature Britannica.com Salinity & Temperature of Atlantic Ocean ref 23 parts per thousand Baltic Sea Mediterranean sea oceanography Mediterranean Sea EUR ref http www.borenv.net BER pdfs ber14 ber14 125.pdf Long Term Temperature & Salinity Records from the Baltic Sea Transition Zone ref 0.13 31.73 parts per thousand Chilika Lake Lagoon IND ref http nopr.niscair.res.in bitstream 123456789 1662 1 IJMS 2033 282 29 20164 169.pdf Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Variation of Water Quality of Chilika Lake, Orissa ref 13 23 parts per thousand Black Sea Inland Sea BUL , ROM , UKR , RUS , GEO , TUR ref http www.encyclopediaofukraine.com pages B L BlackSea.htm Black Sea Encyclopedia of Ukraine ref 12.5 parts per thousand Caspian Sea Lake AZE , flag Iran , KAZ , RUS , flag Turkmenistan ref http www.vliz.be imisdocs publications 133415.pdf Lake Basin Management Initiative The Caspian Sea 2004 ref References reflist Category Lists of lakes Category Oceans ... more details
include timeline cenozoic The Messinian Salinity Crisis , also referred to as the Messinian Event , and in its ...., Clauzon, G., Suc, J.P., Cravatte, J., Violanti, D., 1994. Age and duration of the Messinian salinity ... salinity crisis Controversy resolved? journal Geology year 1996 volume 24 issue 4 pages 363 ... water Ocean salinity saltier than the North Atlantic because of its near isolation by the Strait ... have been described since the 19th century and it is then that the salinity crisis theory started ... that this layer was Late Miocene in Age, and the same Ruggeri coined the term Messinian Salinity Crisis ... time as deep basin products of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Image Gypsum cones.jpg thumb Cones of gypsum ... ref Garcia Castellanos, Villase or, 2011. Messinian salinity crisis regulated by competing ... nannofossils in extreme environments The Messinian Salinity Crisis, Polemi Basin, Cyprus journal ... that have since been brought above sea level by tectonic activity, the salinity crisis started at the same ... salinity crisis , Nature 462, 778 781, doi 10.1038 nature08555 ref the basin has not desiccated since ... point of view ref Govers, R. 2009 . Choking the Mediterranean to dehydration The Messinian salinity ... Link ref ref name GCV Garcia Castellanos, D., A. Villase or, 2011. Messinian salinity crisis regulated ... 1999 title Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis url journal Nature ... Late Miocene Mediterranean desiccation topography and significance of the Salinity Crisis erosion ..., J. year 2006 title Testing models for the Messinian salinity crisis The Messinian record in Almer a ... and Salinity Crises View from the Provence Basin Gulf of Lions, Western Mediterranean journal ... related to the causes of the Messinian Salinity Crisis Tectonic reconfiguration may have closed ... of the Messinian salinity crisis journal Sedimentary Geology volume 188 pages 9 33 doi 10.1016 j.sedgeo.2006.02.004 ... salinity crisis journal Nature year 2003 volume 422 issue 6932 pages 602&ndash 6 doi 10.1038 ... more details
The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program was authorized in the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act and was repealed and replaced by the Environmental Quality Incentives Program EQIP in the 1996 farm bill P.L. 104 127 . Administered by the Natural Resources Conservation Service , it was used to implement salinity control measures, primarily to manage irrigation water using financial and technical assistance to landowners. This program supported U.S. efforts to meet international treaty obligations for downstream water quality in Mexico. The Department of the Interior s Bureau of Reclamation administers its own Colorado River Salinity control Program. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture Category United States Department of Agriculture agencies Category United States federal agriculture legislation ... more details
The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act , Public Law 93 320, and the laws authorizing three other conservation cost sharing programs were begun June 24, 1974. In the 1996 farm bill, Public Law 104 127, they were repealed and replaced by a new cost sharing program, the Environmental Quality Incentives Program EQIP . Program Public Law 93 320 The Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act SCA , Public Law 93 320, was enacted 24 June 1974. The SCA was an Act to authorize the construction, operation, and maintenance of certain works in the Colorado River Basin to control the salinity of water delivered to users in the United States and Mexico. The law was administered by the Farm Service Agency until FY1996, when management was transferred to the Natural Resources Conservation Service . Participation Until it was replaced, the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program provided cost sharing assistance to producers to install on farm irrigation system improvements to prevent irrigation water heavily charged with salts and minerals from reentering the Colorado River. Participating farmers received up to 70 of total project costs and technical assistance. Participation was concentrated at sites where problems existed. This program was available to producers in the seven states of the Colorado ... Law 98 569, An Act to Amend the Salinity Control Act, enacted 30 October 1984 Public Law 104 20, An Act to Amend the Salinity Control Act, enacted 28 July 1995 Public Law 104 127. Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996, enacted 4 April 1996 Public Law 106 459, An Act to Amend the Salinity ..., 2 developing and implementing salinity control plans, 3 providing technical and financial assistance ... salinity control units, Stage 1 of the Lower Gunnison Basin Unit and the McElmo Creek Unit as a part ..., operation, maintenance, and replacement of authorized salinity control facilities, 4 requiring the replacing of incidental fish and wildlife values foregone as salinity control units are constructed ... more details
Image GTSPP.png right The Global Temperature Salinity Profile Program GTSPP is a cooperative international project that seeks to develop and maintain a global ocean Temperature Salinity resource with up to date and high quality data. Purpose Making global measurements of ocean temperature and salinity T S quickly and easily accessible to users is the primary goal of the GTSPP. Both real time data transmitted over the Global Telecommunications System GTS , and delayed mode data received by the NODC are acquired and incorporated into a continuously managed database. International contributors Several countries contribute to the GTSPP. They are Australia Canada France Germany Japan Russia United States Canada s Marine Environmental Data Servic e MEDS leads the project, and has the operational responsibility to gather and process the real time data. MEDS accumulates real time data from several sources via the GTS. They check the data for several types of errors, and remove duplicate copies of the same observation before passing the data on to NODC. The quality control procedures used in GTSPP were developed by MEDS, who also coordinated the publication of those procedures through the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission IOC . The U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center NODC performs four functions for the GTSPP Maintains the global database of temperature and salinity data and provides online access to the data. Adds realtime data supplied by MEDS to the database. Processes delayed mode copies of data by performing the same data quality tests as MEDS, then adds data to the database .... Continuously Managed Database CMD Maintains the up to date global temperature salinity data, replaces ... temperature salinity data set. GTSPP documents http www.nodc.noaa.gov GTSPP document qcmans mg22 ... http www.nodc.noaa.gov GTSPP index.html Global Temperature Salinity Profile Program GTSPP http www.nodc.noaa.gov ... Temperature Salinity Data RSS http www.enviro gen2000.com Emphasis of Temperature Salinity on environment ... more details
Infobox Spacecraft Name Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity SMOS satellite Image Caption Organization European Space Agency Major Contractors Mission Type Orbiter Satellite Of Earth Orbital Insertion Date Launch November 2, 2009 Launch Vehicle Rokot SS 19 Rokot from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome , Russia Decay Mission Duration 3 years NSSDC ID Webpage http www.esa.int esaLP LPsmos.html SMOS satellite Mass convert 658 kg lb Power Solar array s up to 1065 W Orbital elements Sun synchronous orbit Semimajor Axis Eccentricity Inclination Orbital Period Apoapsis 758 km Periapsis 758 km Orbits The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite fact date April 2012 SMOS is a part of European Space Agency ESA s Living Planet Programme intended to provide new insights into Earth s water cycle and climate . In addition, it will provide better weather forecasting and will also monitor snow and ice accumulation. ref ... fullpapers URSI F 2005 Art 6.1.pdf The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity SMOS Mission European Space ... tlse.fr us indexsmos.html The Living Planet Program Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity MIRAS ... sea surface salinity with an accuracy of 0.1 Practical salinity unit psu 10 30 day average and a spatial ... The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity SMOS Mission An overview . Geophysical Research Abstracts ... Via Satellite Science News, Science Daily ref Ocean salinity is crucial to the understanding of the role ... accessdate 6 December 2011 ref Salinity in combination with temperature determine ocean circulation by defining its density and hence thermohaline circulation . ref cite web title High latitude salinity ... 86.pdf accessdate 6 December 2011 ref Additionally, ocean salinity is one of the variables that regulate ... L band 1.4 GHz . MIRAS will measure changes in the wetness of the land and in the salinity ... eo SMOS satelito fr Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite it SMOS hu SMOS nl Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity ja SMOS fi SMOS ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 Polyhaline is a salinity category term applied to brackish estuaries and other water bodies with a salinity of between 18 and 30 ppt parts per thousand . It is the most dense saltwater type we have. See also Salinity Oligohaline Mesohaline Category Aquatic ecology Ecology stub ... more details
Salt balance may refer to Osmoregulation Soil salinity Soil salinity control Salt balance in the soil dab See also Soil salinity control Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
SMOS may refer to Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite , launched by the European Space Agency in fall 2009 Special Minister of State , a minister in Australia disambiguation de SMOS it SMOS nl Smos fi SMOS ... more details
Syneresis also written syn resis or synaeresis could refer to Synaeresis , contraction of two vowels into a diphthong Syneresis chemistry , extraction or expulsion of a liquid from a gel Syneresis cracks geology , cracks formed in mudstone by changes in the salinity of water disambig ... more details
Subtropical Front is a term used in Oceanography to describe a boundary Weather front front between water systems based on temperature and salinity . Northern Subtropical Front A subtropical front in the Pacific Ocean lying between 25th parallel north 25 and 30th parallel north 30 degrees north latitude. Southern Subtropical Front The boundary between warm, salty subtropical waters and Antarctic waters, found in all three ocean basins. A commonly used criterion is that it is found at the latitude at which the salinity at a depth of 100m drops below 34.9 practical salinity units. See also Ocean current External links http www.es.flinders.edu.au mattom GAB theSTF.html Southern Subtropical Front Category Physical oceanography Category Ocean currents ocean stub ja ... more details
One source date November 2010 Paleosalinity is the salinity of the global ocean or of an ocean basin at a point in geological history. Importance From Bjerrum plot s, it is found that a decrease in the salinity of an aqueous fluid will act to increase the value of the carbon dioxide carbonate system ... dioxide is higher in more salinity fluids, e.g. seawater , than in fresher waters. Of crucial importance for paleoclimatology is the observation that an increase in salinity will thus reduce the solubility ... pages 859 869 ref Stratification In addition, it is thought that extensive salinity stratification ... down of the MOC. Measuring Paleosalinity There may exist proxies for salinity, but to date the main way that salinity has been measured has been by directly measuring chlorinity in pore fluid s. ref cite journal doi 10.1126 science.1076252 title The Salinity, Temperature, and delta 18O ... from nearby coral horizons. Chlorinity was measured rather than pure salinity because the major ... and cation clay interactions can change overall salinity, whereas chlorinity is not heavily affected. Paleosalinity during the Last Glacial Maximum Adkins study found that global salinity was greater ... waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in their temperatures. In contrast, variations in salinity were much greater than they are today. Modern day salinities are all within 0.5 Practical salinity unit psu of the global average salinity of 34.7 psu, whereas salinities during the last glacial .... This would account for the increased salinity, but would also account for the lack of oxygen ... characteristic of sea ice formation. The increased role of salinity The presence of waters near the freezing point alters the balance of the relative effects of contrasts in salinity and temperature ... during the LGM the oceans were more than twice as sensitive to differences in salinity rather ... links http www.salinometry.com salinity history History of salinity. Category Chemical oceanography ... more details
Drainage model may refer to a surface drainage model or rainfall runoff model see surface runoff , runoff model reservoir , or a http www.waterlog.info software.htm software site providing free download of a conceptual rainfall runoff model RainOff based on a nonlinear reservoir a subsurface groundwater , drainage model related to a spacing equation for subsurface pipe drains and open ditches horizontal drainage or wells vertical drainage see watertable control , or a http www.waterlog.info software.htm software site providing free download of a drain spacing equation EnDrain using the groundwater energy balance , and a well drainage well spacing equation WellDrain . a hydrological subsurface drainage model see soil salinity control for an example of an agro hydro salinity subsurface drainage model SaltMod groundwater flow in the aquifer see groundwater model or an example of an agro hydro salinity groundwater model SahysMod disambig Category Hydrology ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Messinian evaporite deposit is a geological deposit of evaporite s which was found on Sicily and named after the city of Messina . It was later found to underlie much of the bed of the Mediterranean . It was formed during the Messinian salinity crisis . DEFAULTSORT Messinian Evaporite Category Regional geology Category Geologic formations Geologic formation stub ... more details
Troy Creek catchment is a small area of land to the north east of the city of Dubbo pop 38,000 , central western New South Wales , Australia . The catchment is noted for its significant record levels of past salinity . An ephemeral stream originating from the remanent vegetation Beni forest to the East flowing approximately 10 kilometers to the via Troy Gully north west through grazing land, heavy residential, industrial and terminating into the Macquarie River New South Wales Macquarie River system. History Various land uses such as significant clearing of the catchment has resulted in significant salinity, an issue where it soil and water table below becomes salt laden. Troy Creek has suffered significant scalding and vegetation loss as a direct result of salinity. Sections within the catchment have recorded soil salt levels twice that of sea water and over ten times tolerable to native grass and tree species. Local land care volunteers, businesses, and school students have planted thousands of trees in Troy Gully upstream of Yarrandale Rd. and Troy Creek to lower the water table. Salinity has significantly declined in recent years. Salt scalds are being grown over by salt tolerant grass species, and measurable levels in the ground water have lowered markedly. unreferenced date September 2007 Category Geography of New South Wales ... more details
Image Peixe010eue.jpg right thumb 200px Goldfish Carassius auratus are an example of a well known freshwater stenohaline fish. Stenohaline describes an organism, usually fish , that cannot handle a wide fluctuation in the salt content of water . ref http www.ca.uky.edu wkrec VertebrateFishEvolution.htm Wurts, W. Why can some fish live in freshwater, some in salt water, and some in both? World Aquaculture 29 1 p.65. ref Stenohaline is derived from the words steno meaning narrow, and haline meaning salt. Many fresh water fish, such as goldfish Carassius auratus , tend to be stenohaline and die in environments of high salinity such as the ocean . Many marine fish, such as Melanogrammus aeglefinus haddock , are also stenohaline and die in water with lower salinity. Alternatively, fish living in coastal estuaries and tide pools are often euryhaline tolerant to changes in salinity as are many species which have Biological life cycle life cycle requiring tolerance to both fresh water and seawater environments such as salmon and herring . See also Salinity Euryhaline Fish migration Osmoregulation References reflist Category Aquatic ecology ecology stub es Estenohalino pl Stenohalinowo ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In oceanography the term spice refers to spatial variations in the temperature and salinity of seawater whose effects on density cancel each other. Such density compensated thermohaline variability is ubiquitous in the upper ocean. ref http www.scienceonline.org cgi content full 283 5401 498 Spice and the Demon ref Reflist DEFAULTSORT Spice Oceanography Category Oceanography ocean stub ... more details
In hydrology and related sciences and technologies, a cline is a comparatively thin, typically horizontal layer within a fluid, in which a property of the fluid varies greatly over a relatively short vertical distance. Such clines, and the respectively varying properties include Chemocline chemistry Halocline salinity Pycnocline density Thermocline temperature Category Hydrology hydrology stub ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 The chlorinity of water is defined as the mass of chlorine equivalent to the total mass of halogen contained in 1 kg seawater. It is determined by the Mohr Knudsen titration , which however neglects fluoride . The halogen concentration of sea water can be expressed in terms of chlorosity which is the number of grams of chloride and chloride equivalents to the bromide in one liter of sea water at convert 20 C F . Chlorinity is related to chlorosity as Chlorinity sup o sup sub oo sub chlorosity density of the sample. Chorinity is related to salinity as Salinity sup o sup sub oo sub 0.03 1.805 x chlorinity. Category Analytical chemistry chemistry stub it Clorinit ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
