Other uses Leaching disambiguation Leaching In agriculture , leaching refers to 1 the loss of water soluble plant nutrient s from the soil , due to rain and irrigation . Soil structure , crop planting, type and application rates of fertilizer s, and other factors are taken into account to avoid excessive nutrient loss. br Leaching may also refer to 2 the practice of applying a small amount of excess irrigation where the water has a high salt content to avoid soil salination salts from building up in the soil salinity control . Where this is practiced, drainage must also usually be employed, to carry away the excess water. Leaching is an Natural environment environmental concern when it contributes to groundwater contamination . As water from rain, flooding , or other sources seeps into the ground, it can dissolve chemicals and carry them into the underground water supply. Of particular concern are hazardous waste dumps and landfill s, and, in agriculture, Fertilizer Environmental risks of fertilizer use excess fertilizer , improperly stored animal manure, and biocides e.g. pesticides , fungicides , insecticides and herbicides . Soil Laterite soil is formed by leaching. ref http en.wikipedia.org wiki Laterite Formation ref See also Leaching pedology Leaching model soil Soil salinity control leaching requirement, leaching efficiency SaltMod agro hydro salinity and leaching model SahysMod spatial agro hydro salinity, leaching and groundwater model References Reflist External links R.J.Oosterbaan, Water and salt balances in agricultural hydrology. Lecture notes, International Course on Land Drainage, ILRI, Wageningen, The Netherlands. On line http www.waterlog.info pdf balances.pdf R.J.Oosterbaan, 1997. SaltMod A tool for interweaving of irrigation and drainage for salinity control . In W.B.Snellen ed. , Towards integration of irrigation, and drainage management. ILRI Special report, p. 41 43. On line http www..waterlog.info pdf toolsalt.pdf Category Horticulture a ... more details
m of low salinity water swimming on top of the ocean. The temperature is 1.8 C, which is very near ... sheet, which has considerable effect on its thickness. About 150 m of steeply rising salinity and increasing temperature. This is the actual halocline. The deep layer with nearly constant salinity and slowly ... more details
The term halothermal circulation refers to the part of the large scale ocean circulation that is driven by global Density gradient density gradients created by surface heat and evaporation. The adjective halothermal derives from salinity halo referring to salt content and thermo thermal referring to temperature, factors which together determine the Water molecule Density of saltwater and ice density of sea water . Halothermal circulation is driven primarily by salinity changes and secondarily by temperature changes as opposed to the Thermohaline circulation thermohaline mode in modern oceans . The generation of high salinity surface waters at low latitudes, which were therefore of higher density and thus sank, is thought to have been the dominant ocean circulation driver during Greenhouse and icehouse Earth greenhouse climate s such as the Cretaceous . Similar dynamics operate today in the Mediterranean . The formation of bottom waters by halothermal dynamics is considered to be one to two orders of magnitude weaker than in thermohaline systems. See also References Kennett, J.P. & Stott, L.D., 1990, Proteus and Proto Oceanus, Paleogene oceans as revealed from Antarctic stable isotope results, ODP Leg 113. Proceedings Ocean Drilling Program, Science Results 113 , 865 880. physical oceanography Category Physical oceanography Category Geological processes ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Coastal Observatory in Liverpool Bay is housed at the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory in Brownlow Street Liverpool , England . Objectives The objective of the Coastal Observatory is to study a typical coastal sea s response both to natural forces and to the effects of human activity. The Observatory integrates real time data measurements with data from models into a pre operational coastal prediction system sup http cobs.pol.ac.uk cobsadmin about.html sup whose results will be displayed on the http cobs.pol.ac.uk web site . The concept is founded on obtaining data in real time, using telemetry, sending the data from underwater to the sea surface, to land, to the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory to the http cobs.pol.ac.uk web site , enabling what is often known as armchair oceanography . The aim of the Coastal Observatory is to build a time series of data. The Observatory has a particular interest in such areas as storm surges, seasonality, and variations in river discharge, with an emphasis on the River Mersey. Measurements August 2007 marked five years of continuous running of the Coastal Observatory in Liverpool Bay, taking measurements such as In situ time series of current, temperature and salinity profiles and of waves and weather. A second site, and measurements of turbidity and chlorophyll are now also operational. The http www.cefas.co.uk Products smartbuoy.htm CEFAS SmartBuoy for surface properties including nutrients and chlorophyll. Instrumented ferries for near surface temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll and later, nutrient data. The first route was Liverpool to Douglas Isle of Man , with the ferry travelling between Birkenhead Liverpool and Dublin Ireland Drifters, measuring surface currents and properties such as temperature and salinity. Tide gauges, with sensors for meteorological, waves, temperature and salinity data, where appropriate. Meteorological data from HF radar and tide gauge sites. Shore base HF r ... more details
Image Burger OtokKriznaJama.jpg thumb right 400px Subterranean isle on one of the 22 lakes in Kri na Cave An underground lake or a subterranean lake is a lake under the surface of the Earth s crust. Such a lake may be associated with cave s, aquifer s, or spring hydrosphere springs . They are typically very low in salinity . See also Subterranean river Caves Category Underground lakes Category Caves Category Lakes topography stub caving stub Hydrology stub fr Lac souterrain ko it Lago sotterraneo sv Underjordisk sj ... more details
orphan date May 2010 An extremozyme is an enzyme , often created by extremophiles that can function under extreme environmental conditions such as very high pH , very low pH , high temperature , high salinity , or other factors, that would otherwise Denaturation biochemistry denature typical enzymes e.g. catalase , rubisco , carbonic anhydrase . ref http www.ornl.gov info ornlreview rev32 3 amazing.htm ref See also Extremophile Berkeley Pit Enzyme Polypeptide Protein Allostery References reflist Category Proteins Category Extremophiles ... more details
A Sonde Sonde is French language French for probe is a water quality monitoring instrument, that may be stationary or may move up and down a water column , measuring the following, but not limited to, water attributes temperature, Conductivity electrolytic conductivity , salinity , dissolved oxygen , pH , turbidity , and depth. ref http oceanexplorer.noaa.gov technology tools sonde ctd sondectd.html ref See also Radiosonde References references Category Water and the environment Category Limnology Category Hydrography ... more details
unreferenced date October 2010 Sigma t is a unit used in oceanography to measure the density of seawater at a given temperature. sub T sub is defined as S,T 1000 kg m sup 3 sup , where S,T is the density of a sample of seawater at temperature T and salinity S, measured in Kilogram per cubic metre kg m sup 3 sup , at standard atmospheric pressure. See also Water molecule Density of saltwater and ice Density of saltwater and ice Category Units of density ... more details
A saline seep is seep hydrology seep of saline water , with an area of alkali salt crystals that form when the salty water reaches the surface and evaporates. Various types of water movement form saline seeps, including capillary action from a water table under the surface, and a water table being brought to the surface in a flow. Habitat Biota ecology Biota adapted to saline conditions, often endemism endemic , thrive in the specialized habitat . Agriculture Saline seeps are considered detrimental for agriculture , as they may reduce yields and restrict growth. ref http www1.agric.gov.ab.ca department deptdocs.nsf all agdex167 Dryland Saline Seeps Types and Causes Bot generated title ref See also Salinity Soil salinity Soil salination Brackish water Spring hydrosphere References reflist 2 agri stub Category Springs hydrology Category Salt flats Category Hydrogeology Category Soil ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Salt tide is a phenomenon in which the lower course of a river , with its low altitude with respect to the sea level , becomes Seawater salty when the discharge of the river is low during dry season, usually worsened by the result of astronomical high tide. The lower course Xijiang West River in Guangdong , China was periodically affected and has been widely reported since 2004, for bringing shortage of fresh water supply to the western part of the Pearl River Delta . The salinity level of tap water at Zhuhai was reported to be as high as 800 mg per litre in late February 2006, more than 3 times higher than the World Health Organisation standard of 250 mg. References Fresh water crisis looms for Macau Salinity keeps rising despite assurances , South China Morning Post , Page A7 Hong Kong & Delta, published Thursday, February 23, 2006. DEFAULTSORT Salt Tide Category Hydrology Category Rivers Category Freshwater ecology Geology stub zh ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Nephtys image Nephtys hombergii.jpg image width 250px image caption Nephtys hombergii regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Phyllodocida familia Nephtyidae genus Nephtys subdivision Includes... Nephtys hombergii subdivision ranks Species This article is about the catworm genus. For the Ancient Egyptian goddess, see Nephthys Nephtys is a genus of Marine ocean marine catworm . Some species are halotolerance halotolerant to a degree in that they can survive in estuaries and estuarine lagoons down to a salinity of 20 psu Practical Salinity Units . File Nephtys longosetosa parapod scaled.jpg thumb left 200px Parapod of Nephtys longosetosa . br clear left References ERMS The European Register of Marine Species http www.marbef.org data aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 129370 MarLIN The Marine Life Information Network for Britain and Ireland http www.marlin.ac.uk species adult distrib Nephtyshombergii.htm annelid stub Category Polychaetes fr Nephtys genre ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Moina belli regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Crustacean Crustacea classis Branchiopoda ordo Cladocera familia Moinidae genus Moina species M. belli binomial Moina belli binomial authority Robert Gurney Gurney , 1904 ref ITIS id 84180 taxon Moina belli Gurney, 1904 accessdate July 8, 2011 ref Moina belli is a species of crustacean s within the family Moinidae , described by Robert Gurney in 1904. This species lives in waters containing high salinity and other impurity impurities , such as the Makgadikgadi Pans region of Botswana , where the salinity is extremely high. ref cite web author C. Michael Hogan year 2008 title Makgadikgadi work The Megalithic Portal url http www.megalithic.co.uk article.php?sid 22373&mode &order 0 ref References reflist Category Branchiopoda Category Animals described in 1904 crustacean stub ... more details
Wikify date January 2011 Sundarbans South Wildlife Sanctuary Extends over an area of 36,970 ha. There is evidently the greatest seasonal variation in salinity levels and possibly represents an area of relatively longer duration of moderate salinity where Gewa is the dominant woody species. It is often mixed with Sundri, which is able to displace in circumstances such as artificially opened canopies where Sundri does not regenerate as effectively. It is also frequently associated with a dense understory of Goran and sometimes Passur. Sources http www.world wildlife adventures.com directory bangladesh wildlife park.asp?sanctuary Sundarban 28South 29 Wildlife Sanctuary&state Khulna Division Sundarban Adventure http books.google.co.uk books?id bs t9aOtIk0C&pg PA37&dq 22Sundarbans South Wildlife Sanctuary 22&hl en&ei YM41Tb3DEZHa4gaH7pigCg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CCoQ6AEwAA v onepage&q 22Sundarbans 20South 20Wildlife 20Sanctuary 22&f false IUCN Bangladesh geo stub coord missing Bangladesh Category Protected areas of Bangladesh ... more details
Renewable energy sources Osmotic power or salinity gradient power is the energy available from the difference ... cvips&gifs Yes Extracting renewable energy from a salinity difference using a capacitor , Phys. Rev .... Wick and J. D. Isaacs, http www.sciencemag.org cgi content abstract 206 4417 452 Salinity Gradient ... m in PRO SGP plant ref ref Natuurwetenshap & Techniek magazine, February 2010 ref Basics of salinity gradient power Image Blue energy mechanism.png thumb right Pressure retarded osmosis Salinity gradient ... as stated by Jones and Finley within their article Recent Development in Salinity Gradient Power , there is basically no fuel cost. Salinity gradient energy is based on using the resources of osmotic ... in salinity gradient power . Oceans. 2003. 2284 2287. ref All energy that is proposed to use salinity gradient technology relies on the evaporation to separate water from salt. Osmotic pressure ... trough salinity gradient power by combining reversed electrodialysis and solar power? Environmental ... and low, solutions with higher concentrations of salt have higher pressure. Differing salinity gradient ... and simultaneous large scale production of renewable energy and potable water through salinity ... of salinity gradient power are still being studied, the power source has been implemented in several ... ways as there are several concepts and processes that harness the power from salinity gradient. Pressure retarded osmosis One method to utilize salinity gradient energy is called pressure retarded ... Salinity gradient power Evaluation of pressure retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis ... 2284 2287.pdf Recent Developments in Salinity Gradient Power ref Statkraft has built the world .... Standards and a complete understanding of all the ways salinity gradients can be utilized .... By introducing a salinity gradient and allowing some of the ions to diffuse out of the capacitor ... called salinity gradient solar pond SGSP is being utilized to provide the energy needed by the mine ... more details
into the Wilson Inlet, taken from the Heritage Rail Bridge gallery Salinity The river s water quality ... that 40 of the upper catchment area has been cleared and as a result salinity levels increased from 40 mg L in the 1940s to when the rivers salinity levels peaked at 1520 Gram per litre ... Denmark River Salinity Statement year 2004 accessdate 2008 06 08 ref In 2004 it was announced that salinity levels in the river were decreasing, believed to be the first major river in Australia that had shown a reversal in salinity trends, and that it is possible that the river could provide ... 23 1072192.htm title ABC News Salinity drops in WA s Denmark River year 2004 accessdate 2008 06 08 ref ... more details
. Li year 2007 title Structure, salinity and isotopic composition of multi year landfast sea ice in Nella ... of the more interesting processes to occur within consolidated ice packs is changes in the salinity ... the characteristic C shaped salinity profile of first year ice. ref name Eicken1992 cite journal author Hajo Eicken year 1992 title Salinity Profiles of Antarctic Sea ice Field Data and Model Results ... season. Thus multi year ice will tend to have both lower salinity and lower density than first ... year 1981 journal Journal of Glaciology title Growth rate and salinity profile of first year sea ... where S is ice salinity, S sub 0 sub is the salinity of the parent water and f is an empirical function ... s. ref name Nakawo Sinha1981 Salt content Image Brine salinity.gif thumb upright 2 alt Brine salinity Brine salinity as a function of temperature Image Brine volume.gif thumb upright 2 alt Brine volume Ratio of brine volume to total salinity as a function of temperature Brine entrapped in sea ice ... to freeze, or melt some of the surrounding ice. Thus, brine salinity is variable and can be determined ... to brine salinity. The relative brine volume, V sub b sub , is defined as the fraction of brine relative ... S is sea ice salinity, S sub b sub is brine salinity, math rho i math is the density of the ice and math ... Celsius and S is ice salinity in parts per notation parts per thousand . In new ice, the amount of brine ... provide the following formula determining the ratio of total ice salinity between temperatures ... and drainage through the resulting channels. Image Eick svsd.png thumb center upright 2.5 alt Salinity thicknes relation Plot of bulk salinity versus ice thickness for ice cores taken from the Weddell Sea. Courtesy Hajo Eicken ref name Eicken1992 The figure above shows a scatter plot of salinity versus ... between the two is a maximum. Ice thickness, salinity and porosity will all affect the strength of the ice ... more details
ice formation produces a large reservoir of cold 0 to 1.8 C , high salinity S 34.62 psm shelf water ... quantities of the high salinity water are observed on the continental shelf even during summer, bottom ... two forms a low salinity, better oxygenated component confined to the outer rim of the Weddell ... WSBW is derived from the southwestern Weddell Sea, where high salinity shelf water is abundant. The less saline WSBW, like the more ventilated Weddell Sea Deep Water WSDW , is derived from lower salinity ... than convert 4500 m ft abbr on range from 0.94 to 0.63 C, while salinity values range from 34.639 .... The low salinity, better ventilated forms of WSDW and WSBW flowing along the outer rim of the Weddell ... in the southwest Weddell Sea. The higher salinity of this WSBW is due to injection of high salinity shelf water characteristic of the region. Fahrbach et al. propose that low salinity bottom water is formed ... more details
remained in a liquid state. Salinity Don Juan Pond is a shallow, flat bottom, hyper saline pond. It has greater salinity than the Dead Sea or even Lake Assal Djibouti the same is true for Lake Vanda and perhaps other lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys . It has been claimed that the salinity in Don Juan Pond is over 18 times the ocean s salinity, compared to that of the Dead Sea at about 8 times ... never freezes is an indication of its top rank in salinity among the world s lakes. The salinity is high ... more details
models, for example GSSHA , MIKE SHE , and Weap WEAP . Agricultural hydro salinity modelling File File Saltmod8 2 .JPG thumb 150px Saltmod components main SaltMod Agricultural hydro salinity models like SaltMod , ref SaltMod A tool for interweaving of irrigation and drainage for salinity control . In W.B.Snellen ... webdocs ilri publicaties publicaties Pub55 pub55 h4.pdf Swatre agro hydro salinity model ref and Drainmod ref http www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov wetdrain wetdrain tools.html Drainmod agro hydro salinity ... , evapotranspiration and groundwater flow to simulate the behavior of the water table and soil salinity ... salinity control by Drainage system agriculture subsurface drains , Well drainage drainage by wells ... Polygonal agro hydro salinity groundwater model SahysMod ref is a polygonal combination of SaltMod ... Watertable control Water quality Soil salinity control International trade and water References references ... more details
Juan Pond , located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica . The Don Juan Pond has a salinity level ...?fromPage online&aid 220255 ref i.e. 12 times saltier than the ocean water . Its high salinity ... has a salinity level of 34.8 . But probably the best known examples of hypersaline lakes are the Dead Sea 33.7 salinity and the Great Salt Lake variable 5 27 salinity . The Dead Sea, dividing Israel and the West ... of salinity also fluctuates greatly. At its lowest recorded levels, it approaches 7.7 times the salinity of ocean water, but when its levels are high, its salinity drops to only slightly higher than ... more details
Biosalinity is the study and practice of using saline salinity salt y water for irrigating agriculture agricultural crops . Many arid and semi arid areas actually do have sources of water, but the available water is usually brackish 0.5 5g L salt or salinity saline 30 50g L salt . The water may be present in underground aquifer s or as seawater along coastal deserts. With traditional farming practices, saline water results in soil salinization , rendering it unfit for raising most crop plants. Indeed, many arid and semi arid areas were simply considered unsuitable for agriculture, and arid zone agriculture agricultural development of these areas was not systematically attempted until the second half of the 20th century. Research in biosalinity includes studies of the biochemistry biochemical and physiology physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants, genetics breeding and selection for salt tolerance halotolerance , discovery of periods in a crop plant s life cycle when it may be less sensitive to salt, use of saline irrigation water to increase desirable traits such as sugar concentration in a fruit or to control the ripening process, study of the interaction between salinity and soil properties, and development of naturally salt tolerant plant species halophyte s into useful agricultural crops. See also halophile bacterium bacteria , which thrive under conditions of high salinity. When properly applied watering well in excess of evapotranspiration , maintaining soil structure for excellent drainage , brackish water irrigation does not result in increased salinization of the soil. Sometimes this means that farmers have to add extra water after a rainstorm, to carry salts back down to below the root zone. External links Organizations involved in biosaline research and development http www.cgiar.org CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research ... USDA s George E. Brown Jr. Salinity Laboratory http www.seawaterfoundation.org The Seawater Foundation ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 A salinometer is a device designed to measure the salinity , or dissolved salt content, of a solution . Since the salinity affect both the Conductivity electrolytic electrical conductivity and the specific gravity of a solution, a salinometer often consist of an EC meter ec meter or hydrometer and some means of converting those readings to a salinity reading. A salinometer may be calibrated in either mho micromho s, a unit of electrical conductivity , usually 0 22 or else directly calibrated for salt in grains per gallon 0 0.5 . ref name NMEP, salinometer cite book title Naval Marine Engineering Practice series later replacement for the Stoker s Manual, 1912 Stokers Manual volume Vol 1 year 1971 origyear 1959 publisher Royal Navy , via HMSO isbn 11 770223 4 ref CITEREFNaval Marine Engineering Practice1971 pages 98 99 ref A typical reading on board ship would be 2 micromhos or 0.05 grains per gallon. A reading of twice this may trigger a warning light or alarm. ref name NMEP, salinometer Applications Fresh water generators Evaporators use salinometers on the distillate discharge in order to gauge the quality of the water. Water from the evaporator can be destined for potable water supplies, so salty water is not desirable for human consumption. In some ships, extremely high quality distillate is required for use in water tube boilers, where salt water would be disastrous. In these ships, a salinometer is also installed on the feed system where it would alert the engineer to any salt contamination. The salinometer may switch the evaporator s output from fresh water to feed water tanks automatically, depending on the water quality. ref harvnb Naval Marine Engineering Practice 1971 , pp. 212 213 ref The higher quality lower salinity is required for the boiler feedwater, not for drinking. See also TDS meter used for checking of Total Dissolved ... w v , c. 300 mOsm L and this being the same as the salinity of the ocean is a common myth. The ocean ... more details
Image Tigerfish037.JPG thumb A brackish water fish Siamese tigerfish , Datnioides microlepis A brackish water aquarium is an aquarium where the water is brackish semi salty . The range of saltiness varies greatly, from near freshwater to near marine and is often referred to as specific gravity SG or salinity. Brackish water aquaria is a popular specialization within the fishkeeping hobby. Many species of fish traded as freshwater species are actually true brackish species, for example Poecilia sphenops mollies , Flagfish Florida flagfish , and some cichlid s such as Etroplus chromides and Tilapia black chin tilapia . There are also several popular species traded purely as brackish water fish, including Monodactylidae monos spp, Scatophagidae scats , archerfish , and various species of pufferfish , goby , Pleuronectiformes flatfish , and gar . Generally, aquarists need to maintain a specific gravity of around 1.005 to 1.010 depending on the species being kept, but practically all brackish water fish tolerate variations in salinity well, and some aquarists maintain that regularly fluctuating the salinity in the aquarium actually keeps the fish healthy and free of parasites. Aquarium Maintenance Brackish water species can be kept mainly the same as standard freshwater aquaria, but use a hydrometer to check the salinity of the water. Certain kinds of brackish water fish need to have their salinity increased slightly every 6 months. The tank sizes can vary widely depending on the needs of the particular species, and the temperature is usually in the tropical range of 76 82 degrees Fahrenheit. The substrate can vary from sand to gravel, but many aquarists choose crushed coral or aragonite sand, both of which help raise the hardness and pH to an acceptable level. Many brackish water fish, as any fish, can jump out of the tank, so it must be covered. However, many of them can breathe out of the water for over an hour. Some brackish water species come from estuaries. These s ... more details
Pokkali pronounced Pokkaalli is a unique saline tolerant rice variety that is cultivated in an organic way in the water logged coastal regions of Ernakulam , Alappuzha and Thrissur districts of Kerala in Southern India . Its resistance to salinity is remarkable. The rice is cultivated from June to early November when the salinity level of the water in the fields is low. From mid November to mid April, when the salinity is high, prawn farming takes over. The prawn seedlings, which swim in from the sea and the backwaters after the rice harvest, feed on the leftovers of the harvested crop. Sluice gates are used to control the water flow to the fields. The rice crop, which get no other fertilizer or manure, draw nutrients from the prawns excrement and other remnants. Since the tidal flows make the fields highly fertile, no manure or fertilizer need to be applied the seedlings just grow the natural way. In order to survive in the water logged field, the rice plants grow up to two metres. But, as they mature, they bend over and collapse with only the panicles standing upright. Harvesting takes place by end October. Only the panicles are cut and the rest of the stalks are left to decay in the water, which in time become feed for the prawns that start arriving in November December. Then, the second phase of the Pokkali farming, the prawn filtration, begins. The organically grown Pokkali is famed for its peculiar taste and its high protein content. Farmers claim that the rice its grains are extra large has several medicinal properties. In the past, Pokkali provided the energy to fishermen to stay at sea all day. See also List of rice varieties External links http www.hindu.com 2008 11 16 stories 2008111652020300.htm Pokkali is now a brand name, The Hindu http www.iffco.nic.in applications 5CKE Agriinfo E.nsf 0 91486D7E8B60114865256E3F00228431 Preparation of land for Pokkali cultivation Varieties of rice Category Agriculture in India Category Economy of Kerala Category Variet ... more details
Other uses Waterlogging disambiguation Waterlogging Unreferenced date February 2010 Image R 3VAR1.JPG thumb 250px Crop yield Y and depth of water table X in dm . At shallow depth the yield reduces. Image KinderdijkMolens02.jpg thumb 250px Antique Dutch windmill s used to pump water into the embanked river to prevent waterlogging of the lowlands polders behind them. Waterlogging refers to the saturation of soil with water . Soil may be regarded as waterlogged when the water table of the groundwater is too high to conveniently permit an anticipated activity, like agriculture . In agriculture, various crop s need Earth s atmosphere air specifically, oxygen to a greater or lesser depth in the soil. Waterlogging of the soil stops air getting in. How near the water table must be to the surface for the ground to be classed as waterlogged, varies with the purpose in view. A crop s demand for freedom from waterlogging may vary between seasons of the year, as with the growing of rice Oryza sativa . In irrigation irrigated agricultural land, waterlogging is often accompanied by soil salinity as waterlogged soils prevent soil salinity control leaching of the Sodium chloride salt s imported by the irrigation water. From a gardening point of view, waterlogging is the process whereby the soil blocks off all water and is so hard it stops air getting in and it stops oxygen from getting in. See also Drainage Drainage research Drainage system agriculture Effects of weather on sport Environmental impact of irrigation Polder Soil salinity control Watertable control External links http www.waterlog.info gives free downloads of software and articles on land drainage for waterlogging control. agriculture stub Category Irrigation Category Agriculture kk sv Vattenm ttad ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
