Taxobox name Driftfishes image Psenes pellucidus.jpg image width 240px image caption Bluefin driftfish , Psenes pellucidus regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Perciformes familia Nomeidae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Cubiceps br Nomeus br Parapsenes br Psenes br See text for species. Driftfishes are perciform fishes in the family Nomeidae . They are found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. The largest species, such as the Cape farthead , Cubiceps capensis , reach one metre in length. Several species are found in association with siphonophore s such as the Portuguese man of war the man of war fish , Nomeus gronovii , is known to eat its tentacles and gonads, as well as feeding on other jellyfish es. Other species of driftfishes are associated with the floating seaweed Sargassum . The Cape fathead feeds mainly on salp s. Some species of Cubiceps are occasionally caught on pelagic longlines set for swordfish. Species There are 18 species in four genera Genus Cubiceps Black fathead , Cubiceps baxteri small McCulloch, 1923 small . Blue fathead , Cubiceps caeruleus small Charles Tate Regan Regan , 1914 small . Cape fathead , Cubiceps capensis small Smith, 1845 small . Driftfish, Cubiceps gracilis small Lowe, 1843 small . Cubiceps kotlyari small Agafonova, 1988 small . Large scale cigarfish , Cubiceps macrolepis small Agafonova, 1988 small . Dwarf cigarfish , Cubiceps nanus small Agafonova, 1988 small . Longfin cigarfish , Cubiceps paradoxus small Butler, 1979 small . Longfin fathead , Cubiceps pauciradiatus small Albert G nther G nther , 1872 small . Indian driftfish , Cubiceps squamiceps small Lloyd, 1909 small . Genus Nomeus Man of war fish , Nomeus gronovii small Johann Friedrich Gmelin Gmelin , 1789 small . Image Nomeus gronovii.jpg thumb 240px Man of war fish , Nomeus gronovii Genus Parapsenes Round psen , Parapsenes rotundus small Smith, 1949 small . Genus Psenes Banded driftfish , Psenes arafurensis sm ... more details
gland . They feed on small crustacean s, mollusc s, jellyfish and salp s. If the prey is shelled ... hippurus . ref name Clarke Male argonauts have been observed residing inside salp s, although ... more details
salp s float in mid water, feeding on plankton , and have a two generation cycle in which ... http www.bbc.co.uk nature blueplanet factfiles jellies salp bg.shtml accessdate 2008 09 22 title Animal fact files salp publisher BBC ref However, all tunicate larva e have the standard chordate features ... more details
cycles may be complex, as for example in the Salp Salpida . Tunicates lack kidney like Nephridium ... Pyrosomida , Doliolida , and Salp ida Appendicularia Larvacea Sorberacea Although the traditional ... more details
Image NZ Hauraki G.png thumb right Location of the Hauraki Gulf. Image Coromandel.arp.375pix.jpg right thumb True colour image showing Auckland left , the Hauraki Gulf centre and the Coromandel Peninsula right , by NASA s Terra satellite , 2002. small The Hauraki Gulf is a coastal feature of the North Island of New Zealand . It has a total area of 4000 km , ref name SalpGrazing http www.int res.com articles meps 126 m126p267.pdf Zeldisl, J. R. et al. 1995 Salp grazing effects on phytoplankton abundance, vertical distribution and taxonomic composition in a coastal habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 126, p 267 283 ref and lies between the Auckland Region , the Hauraki Plains , the Coromandel Peninsula and Great Barrier Island which surround it in anticlockwise order . Most of the gulf is part of the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park . Hauraki is M ori language M ori for North Wind . ref name TeAra http www.teara.govt.nz 1966 H HaurakiGulf HaurakiGulf en Hauraki Gulf from Te Ara , the Encyclopedia of New Zealand ref Geography Gulf The Headlands and bays gulf is part of the Pacific Ocean , which it joins to the north and east. It is largely protected from the Pacific by Great Barrier Island and Little Barrier Island to the north, and by the 80 kilometre long Coromandel Peninsula to the east. The gulf is thus well protected against all but northern winds. Three large channels join the gulf to the Pacific. Colville Channel lies between the Coromandel Peninsula and Great Barrier, Cradock Channel lies between the two islands, and Jellicoe Channel lies between Little Barrier and the North Auckland Peninsula . To the north of Auckland several peninsulas jut into the gulf, notably the Whangaparaoa Peninsula . Tiritiri Matangi Island is near the end of this peninsula. Further north, Kawau Island, New Zealand Kawau Island nestles under the Tawharanui Peninsula . Numerous beaches dot the shores of the gulf, many of them well known for swimming and surfing. During the last ... more details
of sea ice extent and krill or salp dominance on the Antarctic food web journal Nature journal ... ice conditions the krill tend to give way to salp s, ref name A 04 cite journal author Angus Atkinson ... more details
multiple issues tone November 2010 undue November 2010 cleanup November 2010 Taxobox name Southern bluefin tuna status CR status system iucn3.1 status ref ref name iucn IUCN2011.2 assessors Collette, B., Chang, S. K., Di Natale, A., Fox, W., Juan Jorda, M., Miyabe, N., Nelson, R., Uozumi, Y. & Wang, S. year 2011 id 21858 title Thunnus maccoyii downloaded 12 January 2012 ref image Thmac u0.gif regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Perciformes familia Scombridae tribus Thunnini genus Thunnus species T. maccoyii binomial Thunnus maccoyii binomial authority Fran ois Louis de la Porte, comte de Castelnau Castelnau , 1872 The southern bluefin tuna , Thunnus maccoyii , is a tuna of the family biology family Scombridae found in open southern hemisphere waters of all the world s oceans mainly between 30 S and 50 S, to nearly 60 S. At up to 2.5 m 8.2 ft and weighing up to 400 kg 882 pounds mass lbs it is among the larger bony fish es. The southern bluefin tuna is a large, streamlined, fast swimming fish with a long, slender caudal peduncle and relatively short dorsal fin dorsal , pectoral fin pectoral and anal fin s. The body is completely covered in small scale zoology scales . The body color is blue black on the back and silver white on the flanks and belly, with bright yellow caudal keel s in adult specimens. The first dorsal fin colour is grey with a yellow tinge, the second dorsal is red brown, and the fish anatomy finlets are yellow with a darker border. Southern bluefin tuna, like other pelagic tuna species, are part of a group of bony fishes that can maintain their body core temperature up to 10 degrees above the ambient temperature. This advantage enables them to maintain high metabolic output for predation and migrating large distances. The southern bluefin tuna is an opportunistic feeder, preying on a wide variety of fish, crustacean s, cephalopod s, salp s, and other marine animals. Harvesting The onset of industrial fishing in ... more details
File Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis.jpg thumb 250px Title page of Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis 1798 , by Ruiz & Pav n Ruiz y Pav n is the Spanish form of the combination Ruiz et Pav n, as used as an authority in the taxonomy of plant species, and stands for Hip lito Ruiz and Jos Antonio Pav n. The standard List of botanists by author abbreviation author abbreviation Ruiz & Pav. is used to indicate them as joint authors when Author citation botany citing a botanical name . Ruiz and Pav n Between 1779 and 1788 the Spanish botanist s Jos Antonio Pav n Jim nez and Hip lito Ruiz L pez , together with the French botanist Joseph Dombey , visited Chile, Peru and other South American countries. Pavonia plant Pavonia was dedicated to him, confirming the admiration of Spanish botanist on trees from Chile. Antonio Jos Cavanilles Cavanilles name for a Malvaceae is valid today, i.e. Pavonia paniculata Cav. Ruizia was intended as a name for Boldo, finally is a valid name by Cavanilles Ruizia cordata Cav. , and they also dedicated Casimiro G mez Ortega C. Gomez Ortega , their mentor, Gomortega nitida G. keule Juan Ignacio Molina Molina Henri Ernest Baillon Baill. clarify date January 2012 Published works Ruiz and Pav n jointly published http bibdigital.rjb.csic.es ing Libro.php?Libro 106&Hojas Florae peruvianae, et chilensis prodromus, sive novorum generum plantarum peruvianarum, et chilensium descriptiones, et icones Madrid En la Imprenta de Sancha, 1794. http bibdigital.rjb.csic.es spa Libro.php?Libro 107&Hojas Systema vegetabilium florae peruvianae et chilensis, characteres Prodromi genericos differentiales, specierum omnium differentias, durationem, loca natalia, tempus florendi, nomina venacula, vires et usus nonnullis illustrationibus interspersis complectens Volume I of 1 . Madrid Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, 1798. Flora peruviana, et chilensis, sive descriptiones, et icones plantarum peruvianarum, et chilensium, secundum systema linnaeanum digestae, cum characteribus pluri ... more details
See also Swarm disambiguation File Auklet flock Shumagins 1986.jpg thumb 350px right A flock of auklet s exhibit swarm behaviour Swarm behaviour , or swarming , is a Collective animal behaviour collective behaviour exhibited by animals of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or Animal migration migrating in some direction. As a term, swarming is applied particularly to insects, but can also be applied to any other animal that exhibits swarm behaviour. The term flocking is usually used to refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herd behaviour herding to refer to swarm behaviour in quadrupeds, shoaling and schooling shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. Phytoplankton also gather in huge swarms called Algal bloom blooms , although these organisms are algae and are not self propelled the way animals are. By extension, the term swarm is applied also to inanimate entities which exhibit parallel behaviours, as in a Swarm robotics robot swarm , an earthquake swarm , or a swarm of stars. From a more abstract point of view, swarm behaviour is the collective motion of a large number of self propelled entities. ref cite journal author1 O Loan author2 Evans doi 10.1088 0305 4470 32 8 002 title Alternating steady state in one dimensional flocking year 1998 journal Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General volume 32 issue 8 pages L99 L105 arxiv cond mat 9811336 ref From the perspective of the mathematical modeller, it is an emergence emergent behaviour arising from simple rules that are followed by individuals and does not involve any central coordination. Swarm behaviour was first simulated on a computer in 1986 with the simulation program boids . ref name Reynolds cite journal author Reynolds CW year 1987 title Flocks, herds and schools A distributed behavioral model url http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc download?doi 10.1.1.103.7187&rep rep1&type pdf journal Computer Graphics volum ... more details
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