Glass engraving is a form of decorative glasswork that involves engraving a glass surface or object. It is distinct from glass art in the narrow sense, which refers to moulding and blowing glass. Glass engraving encompasses a variety of techniques. One notable form is intaglio work, with images and inscriptions cut into the surface of the glass through abrasion mechanical abrasion . Glass engraving tools are therefore small abrasive wheels and drills, with small lathe s often used. Engraving wheels are traditionally made of copper, with a linseed oil and fine emery powder mixture used as an abrasive. Other forms of engraving are stipple and drypoint in which the surface of the glass is abraded with the use of small diamond tipped burrs. The scratches and small dots made in this method can, in the hands of a skilled artist, be used to produce images of astonishing clarity and detail. A notable practitioners of this form is the late Laurence Whistler Lawrence Whistler who began a revival in England. Sandblasting is yet another technique used in glass engraving. Abrasive is sprayed through a sandblasting gun on to glass which is masked up by a piece of stencil in order to produce inscriptions. This engraving technique is typically used by commercial engravers. An example of a relief illusion created from an intaglio cut form can be observed on this bowl engraved by Edmond Suciu, using the techniques of diamond and copper wheel engraving. gallery Image White Horses engraved by Edmond Suciu.jpg White Horses wheel engraved by Edmond Suciu gallery Glass forming Category Glass art Category Engraving glass art stub ja sv Glasgravyr ... more details
of his sandblasting invention. Around 1870, he invented the Sandblasting process ... Group still exists. Other inventions While working on the sandblasting process, he was also ... Episcopal Church in Philadelphia . Known Patents U.S. Patent No. 104,408 sandblasting 1870 http patft.uspto.gov ... no. 2147 1870 sandblasting UK Patent no. 2900 1870 blast wheel UK Patent no. 13,510 1885 roughening ... more details
Press US year 2005 ref There are several variants of the process, such as bead blasting, sandblasting ... article on types of minerals found to be suitable for sandblasting Little Grains of Sand , Popular ... shot, aluminum shot, zinc shot. Many coarser media used in sandblasting often result in energy ..., when sandblasting was performed as an open air job, the worker was exposed to risk of injury from the flying material and lung damage from inhaling the dust. The silica dust produced in the sandblasting ... sandblasting enclosure was built, which protected the worker with a viewing screen, revolved around ... sandblasting such that it may only be performed in a controlled environment using ventilation ... for jeans that have the appearance of being used. To give the fabrics the right worn look sandblasting is used. Sandblasting has the risk of causing silicosis to the workers, and in Turkey , more ... that showed very few were aware of the dangers caused by sandblasting jeans manually. Several companies ... cemetery monuments and markers is created by abrasive blasting. Sandblasting can also be used to produce ... which is called smalts. When sandblasting wood signage it allows the wood grains to show and the growth rings to be raised, and is popular way to give a sign a traditional carved look. Sandblasting .... Sandblasting can be used to refurbish buildings or create works of art carved or frosted glass . Modern masks and resists facilitate this process, producing accurate results. Sandblasting techniques are used for cleaning boat hulls, as well as brick, stone and concrete work. Sandblasting is used ... more details
File FrostedGlassWindow.JPG thumb Frosted glass windows used in a restroom File WLA brooklynmuseum Westward Ho frosted glass.jpg thumb James Gillinder & Sons 1860 ca. 1935 . Westward Ho Compote, ca. 1875. Pressed colorless and frosted glass. Brooklyn Museum Frosted glass is produced by the sandblasting or acid etching of clear sheet glass . It has the effect of rendering the glass translucent by scattering of light during transmission, thus Visual Appearance blurring images while still transmitting light. Applications To obtain visual privacy while admitting light. Decorative patterns may be imposed upon otherwise plain glass by using wax or other resist to retain Transparency optics transparent areas. Frosted glass in light bulb s is used for evenly distributing the light from the bulb s filament across its surface area. To distribute light uniformly in a photographic contact printer . To create an airtight seal in tubes. The frosted glass effect can also be achieved by the application of vinyl film, used as a sort of stencil on the glass surface. Photo resist , or photo resistant film is also available, which can be produced to mask off the area surrounding a decorative design, or logo on the glass surface. A similar effect may also be accomplished with the use of canned frosted glass sprays. See also Ground glass References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Frosted Glass Category Glass coating and surface modification Category Glass types glass material stub ar es Vidrio esmerilado ... more details
Image VecchioLogoS.B..jpg thumb Sonic Belligeranza logo Sonic Belligeranza is an Italy Italian independent record company started in the year 2000 by dj Balli . Breakcore is the main style of music covered by the label so far, but since the year 2004 in response to the above mentioned genre codification growing bigger and bigger, two new imprints were added Belligeranza read it plus Belligeranza dedicated to conceptual noise music and Belligeranza read it minus Belligeranza dedicated to innovative turntablism . FFF, Kovert, Slam, Zombieflesheater , Micropupazzo, Sandblasting, N., Mat 64 & Pira 666, kapi and of course dj Balli often under different aliases were some of the artists released. External links http belligeranza.c8.com Official Site http www.last.fm label Sonic Belligeranza ?setlang en Sonic Belligeranza on Last Fm http myspace.com djballi333 dj Balli on Myspace Discography http www.discogs.com label Sonic Belligeranza Sonic Belligeranza Discography http www.discogs.com label 2B Belligeranza Belligeranza Discography http www.discogs.com label Belligeranza Belligeranza Discography Category Italian record labels Category Breakcore Category Record labels established in 2000 Category Experimental music record labels Category Electronic music record labels Category Hip hop record labels de Sonic Belligeranza fr Sonic Belligeranza it Sonic Belligeranza ... more details
Simon Kent born in Worksop on 14 March 1970 is a United Kingdom British sculptor , based in Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire . Kent is known for his large, expressive and abstract figures ref http www.bbc.co.uk nottingham content articles 2007 03 20 chainsaw sculpture event feature.shtml ref in green wood. His large wooden sculptures are carved using a chainsaw with very little use of a chisel or sanding. He occasionally uses a blowtorch to char the wood and produce blackening, or sandblasting to emphasise texture and woodgrain. In the 1980s, clay was Kent s first choice sculpture material. By the 1990s, he had developed a passion for stone carving before beginning his obsession for carving wood with a chainsaw in 2000. Since 2004, Simon has exhibited his work across South Yorkshire and the Midlands ref http www.bbc.co.uk southyorkshire content image galleries simon kent wood sculptures gallery.shtml ref including an exhibition at Magna Science Adventure Centre Magna in 2005, and Burghley House Burghley House Sculpture Park in 2006. References reflist Persondata NAME Kent Sculptor , Simon ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Sculptor DATE OF BIRTH 14 March 1970 PLACE OF BIRTH Worksop, England DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Kent, Simon Category English sculptors Category 1970 births Category Living people Category People from Worksop ... more details
noref date April 2012 A pneumatic tool or air tool is a tool driven by a gas, usually compressed air supplied by a gas compressor . Pneumatic tools can also be driven by compressed carbon dioxide CO2 stored in small cylinders allowing for portability. Pneumatic tools are commonly cheaper and safer to run and maintain than their electric power tool counterparts, as well as having a higher power to weight ratio , allowing a smaller, lighter tool to accomplish the same task. Air tools were formerly unpopular in the DIY market, but are becoming increasingly popular, and have always been ubiquitous in industrial and manufacturing settings. Flow represents the quantity of compressed air that passes through a section over a unit of time. It is represented in l min, m3, at the equivalent value in free air in conditions of standard reference atmosphere SRA , i.e. 20 c, 65 of relative humidity, 1013 mbar, in accordance with norms NFE. Some common pneumatic tools Air impact wrench Air ratchet Airbrush Blow Gun Jackhammer Pneumatic angle grinder Jackhammer Pneumatic drill Pneumatic jack device Pneumatic nail gun Sandblasting sandblaster Spray painting Paint sprayer Tire Chuck or Inflator Some common brand names NZ Tools 3M Atlas Copco Campbell Hausfeld CompAir Compair Broomwade Ltd DeVilbiss Air Power Company Ingersoll Rand Mac Tools Matco Tools Porter Cable Snap on http www.superiorpneumatic.com Superior Pneumatic In addition, many house brand s exist, such as those carried at Princess Auto , Summit Tools or Harbor Freight Tools . Some ISO certified pneumatic tool manufacturers Master Air Tool http www.masterairtool.com See also Charles Brady King References references Types of tools Power tool manufacturers tool stub Category Pneumatic tools Category Tools hi tt ... more details
Rock blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics or plasma processess, to excavate, break down or remove rock geology rock . It is practised most often in mining , quarrying and civil engineering such as dam or road construction. Except in mining, the result of rock blasting is often known as a rock cut . The use of explosives in mining goes back to the year 1627 , when gunpowder was first used in place of mechanical tools in the Hungary Hungarian now Slovakia n town of Bansk tiavnica . The innovation spread quickly throughout Europe and the Americas. Rock blasting currently utilizes many different varieties of Explosive material Explosives with different compositions and performance properties. Higher velocity explosives are used for relatively hard rock in order to shatter and break the rock, while low velocity explosives are used in soft rocks to generate more gas pressure and a greater heaving effect. The most commonly used explosives in mining today are ANFO based blends due to lower cost than Dynamite . In 1990, 2.1 million tonnes 2.32 million short tons of commercial explosives were consumed in the USA , representing an estimated expenditure of 3.5 to 4 billion 1993 dollars on blasting. Australia had the highest explosives consumption that year at 500 million tonnes 551 million short tons , with Scandinavia Scandinavian countries another leader in rock blasting Persson et al. 1994 1 . Gallery gallery Image Blast hole drilling.jpg Blast hole drilling with Tamrock Scout 700 Image Charging with anfo.jpg Loading drilled holes with ANFO Image P1010759.JPG Rock surface newly blasted. This is called pre split, it s a technique to leave a smooth face. Image Sideling hill road cut.jpg Sideling Hill road cut formed by rock blasting gallery See also Abrasive blasting sandblasting References Cite book last Persson first Per Anders coauthors Roger Holmberg, and Jaimin Lee year 1994 title Rock Blasting and Exp ... more details
File Mannequin with jeans.jpg thumb Acidwashed jeans Stone washing is a textile manufacturing process used to give a newly manufactured cloth garment a worn out appearance. Stone washing also helps to increase the softness and flexibility of otherwise stiff and rigid fabrics such as canvas and denim . The process uses large stones to roughen up the fabric being processed. The garments are placed in a large horizontal industrial clothes washer that is also filled with large stones. As the wash cylinder rotates, the cloth fibers are repeatedly pounded and beaten as the tumbling stones ride up the paddles inside the drum and fall back down onto the fabric. A number of people and organizations have claimed to have invented stone washing. According to Levi Strauss & Co. , Donald Freeland, an employee of the Great Western Garment Co. Great Western Garment Company later acquired by Levi s , invented stone washing denim in the 1950s. Inventor Claude Blankiet has also been credited with having invented the technique in the 1970 s. ref http www.travelsommelier.com travel journal ?p 193 ref The jeans company Edwin clothing retailer Edwin claims to have invented the technique in the 1980 s. ref http www.edwin europe.com history.php ref Stonewashed jeans Stonewashed jeans are jeans that have been treated to produce a faded, worn appearance. This is usually accomplished either by washing the jeans with pumice in a rotating drum, or also by using chemicals to create the appearance without the use of a rotating drum. Stonewashed jeans were a popular 1970s in fashion fashion trend in the 1970s . ref http www.skooldays.com categories fashion fa1003.htm Stonewashed jeans ref In the 2000s, stonewashed jeans were heavily distressed, with pre made holes, frayed edges and extensive fading caused by sandblasting The fungus Trichoderma is also commonly used in the process of stone washing jean material. Since the fungus decomposes cellulose with the enzymes that it produces, this allows for ... more details
Image Melding Impetus , glass, copper and gold sculpture by Michael Glancy American born 1950 , 1994, Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg thumb right 400px Melding Impetus , glass, copper and gold sculpture by Michael Glancy , 1994, Metropolitan Museum of Art Michael M. Glancy was born in Detroit, Michigan in 1950, and began working with glass in 1970. He received a BFA from the University of Denver in 1973 and a second BFA in sculpture from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1977. He earned an MFA in glass from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1980, where he studied with Dale Chihuly . Glancy is a member of the adjunct faculty in the Jewelry & Metalsmithing Dept. at the Rhode Island School of Design . He has also been an invited faculty member at the Pilchuck Glass School in Stanwood, WA. In 2003 Glancy was included in the exhibition Fire and Form, curated by William Warmus for the Norton Museum of Art in West Palm Beach. In the book accompanying the show, Warmus wrote Michael Glancy magnifies nature in order to reveal its underlying structure...the flat glass panels that form sculptural bases for his artworks...unfold into and inspire the vessels that sit astride them. His work was recently acquired for the exhibit One of a Kind The Studio Craft Movement at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, on display December 22, 2006 September 3, 2007. Glancy s glass and metal sculpture can be found in museum, public and private collections, worldwide. Glancy has worked for close to 15 years with Providence Based glass artist Myles Baer. Baer has assisted with cold working techniques including engraving and sandblasting of both the glass vessels and their base plates. Glancy lives in Massachusetts with his wife and two sons, is an avid sailor, and races a wooden Beetle Cat sailboat out of the Edgewood Yacht Club in Edgewood, RI. References Warmus, William, Fire and Form The Art of Contemporary Glass , West Palm Beach Norton Museum of Art, 2003. Distributed by the ... more details
Infobox SCOTUS case Litigants Wilbur Ellis Co. v. Kuther ArgueDate February 20 ArgueYear 1964 DecideDate June 8 DecideYear 1964 FullName Wilbur Ellis Co., et al. v. Kuther USVol 377 USPage 422 Citation 84 S. Ct. 1561 12 L. Ed. 2d 419 1964 U.S. LEXIS 2351 141 U.S.P.Q. BNA 703 Prior Certiorari Cert. to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Subsequent Holding Modifying the machine to improve its functionality was akin to permissible repair, which Aro had held lawful. SCOTUS 1962 1965 Majority Douglas JoinMajority Warren, Black, Clark, Brennan, Stewart, White, Goldberg Concurrence Harlan LawsApplied wikisource Wilbur Ellis Company v. Kuther Wilbur Ellis Co. v. Kuther , scite 377 422 1964 , is a Supreme Court of the United States United States Supreme Court decision that extended the doctrine of repair and reconstruction repair reconstruction doctrine of Aro Mfg. Co. v. Convertible Top Replacement Co. ref http caselaw.lp.findlaw.com scripts getcase.pl?court US&vol 377&invol 476 365 U.S. 336 1961 . ref to enhancement of function. Image FishCan.jpg thumb right 400px Drawing of the patented fish canning machine involved in this patent infringement lawsuit Background Wilbur Ellis purchased four used, patented sardine canning machines that were badly in need of repair. ref They were corroded, rusted, and inoperative and all required cleaning and sandblasting to make them usable. 377 U.S. at 423. ref Wilbur Ellis tried to persuade Kuther, the patent owner, who had originally made and sold the machines, to refurbish them but met with no success. Wilbur Ellis therefore hired a mechanic to repair and modify them so that they would handle different sized cans and different sized sardines. ref Wilbur Ellis replaced six of the 35 parts with different sized components, so that the machine would pack 5 ounce cans instead of 1 pound cans. Id . ref Kuther then sued Wilbur Ellis for making the machine anew. Opinion of the Court The Supreme Court per William O. Douglas ... more details
Earthquake title 1904 Douliu Earthquake date Start date November 6, 1904 image 1904 Douliu Earthquake.gif map magnitude 6.1 Richter magnitude scale M sub L sub depth convert 7 km mi 0 location coord 23.58 N 120.25 E display inline,title countries affected Taiwan tsunami casualties 145 dead The 1904 Douliu earthquake zh t 1904 p 1904 ni n D uli d zh n was a Richter magnitude scale magnitude 6.1 earthquake which struck central Taiwan at 04 25 on November 6, 1904. The quake caused widespread damage and killed 145 people, making it the fifth deadliest earthquake of the 20th century in Taiwan. Technical details At 04 25 of the morning of November 6, 1904, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake centred on the town of Xingang, Chiayi Xingang , Chiayi County shook towns in present day Yunlin County , Chiayi County, and Tainan City . Despite the relatively light magnitude, the shallow depth of the temblor 7 km coupled with the fact that it struck in a populated area meant that casualties were heavier than might be expected. ref name cwbpdf cite book url http scman.cwb.gov.tw eqv5 research 21vol MOTC CWB 87 E 11.pdf title A Collection of Images of Ten Great Earthquake Disasters in the Taiwan Region language Chinese accessdate 2009 08 03 chapter Preface publisher Central Weather Bureau author BOT GENERATED AUTHOR archiveurl http www.webcitation.org 5iwNmJg6c archivedate 2009 08 11 deadurl no accessdate 2009 08 08 ref The earthquake was one of the first major quakes in Taiwan to be monitored using seismographs introduced by the Japanese. This enabled government officials to pinpoint the magnitude, epicentre and hypocentre of the earthquake with more accuracy than ever before. The quake was felt throughout the island, and Japanese officials recorded sandblasting and soil liquefaction at several sites in the affected area. ref name cwbpdf Damage According to Taiwan s Central Weather Bureau , there were 145 deaths, with 50 people seriously injured and 107 people ... more details
Westland Gate also known as the Johnson Gates is a pair of fountains that borders the Back Bay Fens at the end of Westland Avenue in Boston . History File Westlandgate.jpg thumb right Westland Gate Westland Gate was designed by Guy Lowell , architect of the Boston s Museum of Fine Arts , and was built in 1902 and erected in 1905. The fountains were originally named the Johnson Memorial Fountain after a wealthy Bostonian, Jesse Johnson, whose widow, Ellen Cheney Johnson , donated money to erect them. The fountains consist of two large pillars made of granite and Tennessee marble flanking the street with four copper cat heads near their bases that originally spouted water. ref cite web url http siris artinventories.si.edu ipac20 ipac.jsp?&profile all&source siartinventories&uri full 3100001 336853 0 focus title Johnson Memorial Fountain and Gate, sculpture publisher Save Outdoor Sculpture, Massachusetts survey year 1997 accessdate December 6, 2011 ref From the gates plaque installed in 1991 blockquote This entrance to the Fens, originally known as the Johnson Memorial Fountain, was donated to the City of Boston and erected in 1905 through a generous bequest from Mrs. Ellen Cheney Johnson in memory of her husband Jesse. A grant from Boston s Edward Ingersoll Browne Trust Fund and monies from the gates maintenance endowment made possible a 1980 restoration. The Ellen C. Johnson Trust Fund provided for subsequent renovations in 1990. The gates are under the management of the City of Boston Parks and Recreation Department. blockquote Restoration Efforts The fountains were first restored in 1980. ref Marcus, Jon. The Complete Illustrated Guidebook to Boston s Public Parks and Gardens, Silver Lining Books, NY, 2002 ,pg 54. ref It appears that the 1980 restoration involved either sandblasting or honing to address inconsistencies in the stone, as well as application of a protective treatment to resist graffiti using Browne Fund money. ref Boston Globe. Boston, Mass. Dec 31, 1 ... more details
. Although sandblasting pipe internals to remove mill scale is one way to remove mill scale ..., a coating system such as Leighs Paints Pipegard P100 could be utilised after sandblasting ... more details
image Long Beach Naval Shipyard.jpg thumb right 300px Long Beach Naval Shipyard in 1993 The Long Beach Naval Shipyard , which closed in 1997, was located at Terminal Island between the city of Long Beach, California Long Beach and the San Pedro, Los Angeles, California San Pedro district of Los Angeles and approximately 23 miles south of the Los Angeles International Airport . The Long Beach NSY industrial area encompassed convert 119 acre of the total convert 214 acre owned. There were 120 permanent, 39 semi permanent, and 6 temporary buildings, for a total of 165 buildings. There were 17 different shop work areas and convert 2400000 sqft of covered building space. The shipyard had three graving docks , and five industrial piers. There were convert 12307 ft feet 3.8 km of ship berthing space. Crane capacity ranged from convert 25 ST to convert 67 ST portal and from convert 25 ST to convert 112 ST floating . During World War II , the naval dry dock s provided routine and battle damage repairs to a parade of Tanker ship tankers , cargo ship s, troop transport s, destroyer s, and cruiser s. Peak employment of 16,091 civilian employees was reached in August 1945. On February 9, 1943, the Secretary of the Navy established the facilities as the US Naval Dry Docks , Roosevelt Base, California. The name of this facility was changed to Terminal Island Naval Shipyard on November 30, 1945. The name became Long Beach Naval Shipyard NSY in March 1948. The Long Beach NSY was equipped with facilities and skills to perform all non nuclear structural, sheet metal , boiler , rigging, electronics, electrical, insulating, lagging, ordnance, sandblasting, welding , machining , woodworking , painting, pipe fitting, and other work pertaining to the overhaul and repair of surface ships. The shipyard possessed complete design, engineering, combat systems, quality assurance, planning and public works capabilities to support its industrial work. Dry dock No. 1 was designated the West Co ... more details
for sandblasting, Littleton became intrigued by the possibility of printmaking from glass. ref ... Lewis, a painter, are credited with discovering that white lithograph ink is a versatile resist for sandblasting ..., or paintbrushes. When the drawing is complete, the plate is taken to the sandblasting booth ... used on the plates as a sandblasting resist those materials create imagery with a hard edged, stencil ... more details
orphan date February 2010 Infobox artist name Steve Pauley image BathroomStall.JPG caption Steve Pauley, For Da Bitchez , 2004 imagesize 200px birth date December 22, 1973 birth place Elkin, North Carolina Elkin , North Carolina , US nationality USA American field Sculpture , Printmaking , Painting training 2004 , Master of Fine Arts MFA , Maryland Institute College of Art Steve Pauley is an artist currently living and working in Brooklyn, NY . His recent solo exhibitions include one at Freddy s Backroom in Brooklyn, NY Crush and High Alert at Broadway Gallery in New York, NY Instant Gratification at the Della Brown Taylor Gallery at West Virginia State University and an at the Amalie Rothschild Gallery in Baltimore, MD. His main body of work consists of low relief sculpture on granite , marble , or found objects . ref name CDM 2007 02 15 cite news first Orosz last Monica coauthors authorlink title Instant Gratification date 2007 02 15 publisher url work Charleston Daily Mail pages 1D, 4D accessdate 2009 11 13 language ref For Da Bitchez 2004 is an example of Steve Pauley s sculptural work. The sculpture is a graffitied bathroom stall from Baltimore Baltimore s Mount Royal Tavern, a local art student hang out. The bathroom stall was subjected to Pauley s sandblasting as he carved graffiti , traced from men s and women s restrooms, into it one side from the men s room, another from the women s. In this case both the bathroom stall and the graffiti are found art . ref name Washington Post 2004 09 27 cite news first O Sullivan last Michael coauthors authorlink title Connecting Past, Present and Futures date 2004 09 21 publisher url http pqasb.pqarchiver.com washingtonpost access 683800441.html?FMT ABS&FMTS ABS FT&date Aug 27, 2004&author Michael O Sullivan&pub The Washington Post&edition &startpage T.45&desc Connecting Past, Present and Futures work The Washington Post pages T45 accessdate 2004 09 27 ref Pauley often includes images of graffiti , trash, advertising fli ... more details
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