Simulation of Groundwater Sapping http erode.evsc.virginia.edu papers howard sapping intro 88.pdf Alan D. Howard, Introduction Groundwater Sapping on Mars and Earth in Sapping Features of the Colorado ... 3E2.0.CO 3B2 Julie E. Laity and Michael C. Malin, Sapping processes and the development of theater ... more details
MarsGeo Valley name Nirgal Vallis image Image Nirgal Vallis in Coprates.JPG 200px caption Nirgal Vallis that runs in two quadrangles has features looking like those caused by sapping . Picture taken with THEMIS . location latitude 28.4 N or S S longitude 42 E or W W type dimensions discoverer naming the word for Mars in Babylonian Nirgal Vallis is a long river channel in the Coprates quadrangle and the Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle of Mars at 28.4 south latitude and 42 west longitude. It is 496 km long and is named after the word for Mars in Babylonian language Babylonian . ref http planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov ref The western half of Nirgal Valles is a branched system, but the eastern half is a tightly sinuous, deeply entrenched valley. Nirgal Valles ends at Uzboi Vallis . Tributaries are very short and end in steep walled valley heads, often called amphitheater headed valleys. The shape of these valley heads is like cirques on the Earth. ref Baker, V. 1982. The Channels of Mars. University of Texas Press. Austin ref Nirgal Vallis and sapping Nirgal Valles is one of the longest valley networks on Mars. It is so large that it is found on more than one quadrangle. Scientists are not sure about how all the ancient river valleys were formed. There is evidence that instead of rain or snow, the water that formed the valleys originated under ground. One mechanism that has been advanced is sapping. ref http themis.la.asu.edu zoom 20030916a.html ref In this case, the ground just gives away as water comes out. Sapping is common in some desert areas in America s Southwest. It forms alcoves and stubby tributaries these features are visible in the pictures below of Nirgal Vallis taken with Mars Odyssey s THEMIS . gallery Image Nirgal Vallis.jpg Nirgal Vallis, as seen by THEMIS. Image Nirgal Vallis Close up.JPG Nirgal Vallis Close up, as seen by THEMIS. gallery References reflist Category Valleys and canyons on Mars Category Coprates quadrangle Mars stub nl Nirgal Vallis pt Nirg ... more details
wiktionarypar sap Sap may refer to Plant sap , the fluid transported in xylem cells tracheids or vessel elements or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant Sap village , a village in the Dunajsk Streda District of Slovakia S p , a village in the Hajd Bihar county of Hungary Sap album Sap album , a 1992 EP album by Alice in Chains Sapping , a method of advancing a trench towards an enemy s works Baton law enforcement Sap Sap , a weapon composed of a weighted bag of lead Jolande Sap , Dutch politician See also SAP disambiguation disambig de Saft es Sap hu Sap nl Sap no Sap pl Sap pt Seiva ... more details
This List of military engineer nomenclatures is a list of different job topics a modern military engineer may engage in and are not necessarily Military engineering topics due to the diverse usage of military engineers worldwide. The Military engineer originally worked on armaments and defenses and was contrasted with the Civil engineer that worked on public works projects. Intrinsic Service and Support Roles Sapper Combat engineer Assault pioneer Pioneer military Construction engineer military Extrinsic Roles Military Research Engineering and Scientific and Systems Procurement or Development Civil Programs and Public Works Typical officer expertise Engineer Aerospace Civil Electrical Electronics Marine Nuclear Space Operations Scientist Life Physical See also Military engineering Mining military Sapping Category Military engineering ... more details
MarsGeo Valley name Ma adim Vallis image Image Gusev Ma adim Vallis.jpg 200px latitude 21.8 N or S S longitude 182.7 E or W W length 825.0 km naming Word for Mars in Hebrew. Ma adim Vallis is one of the largest outflow channels on Mars , about 700 km long and significantly larger than Earth Earth s Grand Canyon . It is over 20 km wide and 2 km deep in some places. It runs from a region of southern lowlands thought to have once contained a large group of lake s see Eridania Lake north to Gusev crater near the equator. It looks as if water may have collected in Gusev crater, forming a giant lake the Spirit Rover was sent there to investigate that possibility, but found only volcanic rocks on the floor of Gusev. Any lake deposits were probably covered over by a later deposit of volcanic materials from Apollinaris Patera , a nearby volcano . Ma adim Vallis is thought to have been carved by flowing water early in Mars history. Some of the short narrow channels along the walls of Ma adim are probably sapping channel s. Groundwater sapping Sapping occurs when groundwater partially dissolves and undermines the rock, which collapses into debris deposits and is carried away by other erosion processes. Ma adim is the Hebrew language Hebrew name of the Planet Mars. gallery Image Maadim Vallis.JPG Section of Ma adim Vallis as seen by HiRISE. A more recent flow of water may have formed the smaller, deeper channel to the right. gallery See also Geography of Mars External links http www.google.com mars lat 21.248422&lon 177.275390&zoom 6&map visible&q ma adim Google Mars zoomable map centered on Ma adim Vallis Category Valleys and canyons on Mars crater stub mars stub cs Ma adim Vallis de Ma adim Vallis es Ma adim Vallis fr Ma adim Vallis hr Ma adim Vallis it Ma adim Vallis la Maadim Vallis nl Ma adim Vallis no Ma adim Vallis pl Ma adim Vallis pt Ma adim Vallis ru sco Ma adim Vallis uk zh ... more details
Strangers Japanese title Ijintachi to no natsu Summer of the Strange People is a novel by Taichi Yamada , published in 1987. The English translation by Wayne Lammers was published in 2003. The Japanese original won the 1987 Yamamoto Sh gor Prize for best human interest novel. The English translation was one of sixteen works long listed for the 2006 Foreign Fiction prize awarded by The Independent . Ijintachi to no natsu has also been translated into German as Sommer mit Fremden , French as Pr sences d un t and Swedish as Fr mlingar 2009 . A movie based on the novel and directed by Obayashi Nobuhiko was released in 1988. Plot The leading character, who writes in the first person, meets a couple who bear an eirie resemblance to his dead parents, and forms a friendship with them, visiting them often. As his health declines, he comes to realise that they are ghosts who are sapping his life force. External links http www.complete review.com reviews japannew yamadat.htm http www.imdb.com title tt0125217 IMDB entry for the 1988 Japanese film version http www.authortrek.com taichi yamada page.html http www.independent.co.uk arts entertainment books features the longlist for this years independent foreign fiction prize 523715.html Category Novels by Taichi Yamada 1980s novel stub Japan lit stub ... more details
. LPSC XXXVI. Abstract 2261. ref Nirgal Vallis and sapping Nirgal Vallis is one of the longest ... is sapping. ref http themis.la.asu.edu zoom 20030916a.html ref In sapping, the ground just gives away as water comes out. Sapping is common in some desert areas in America s Southwest. Sapping forms ... Nirgal Vallis that runs in two quadrangles has features looking like those caused by sapping . Picture ... depressions on the left side of the channel in the image below suggests that groundwater sapping ... more details
MarsGeo Valley image Image Dao Niger and Harmakhis Vallis PIA02810.jpg 250px caption Dao Vallis is the leftmost channel, joined just above the center of the image by Niger Vallis. In each valley water flowed toward the bottom of the image. name Dao Vallis latitude 38.7 N or S S longitude 272.1 E or W W length 816.0 km naming Word for star in Thai. Dao Vallis is a valley on Mars that appears to have been carved by water. It runs southwestward into Hellas Planitia , and has been identified as an outflow channel . ref Carr, M.H. 2006 , The Surface of Mars. Cambridge Planetary Science Series, Cambridge University Press. ref It and its tributary , Niger Vallis , extend for about 1200 km. ref cite web url http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 2003AGUFM.P11B1035C title Geologic Evolution of Dao Vallis, Mars accessdate 2006 10 15 ref It is named after the Thai language Thai word for star . In the fictional 2007 Canadian miniseries Race to Mars , it is the landing site for Gagarin , the lander, and is the site of science for the mission. Origin Dao Vallis begins near a large volcano, called Hadriaca Patera, so it is thought to have received water when hot magma melted huge amounts of ice in the frozen ground. Much of this water may have been released in very large outburst floods . The partially circular depressions on the left side of the channel in the image below suggests that groundwater sapping also contributed water more gradually. ref http themis.asu.edu zoom 20020807a Dao Vallis Released 7 Augus 2002 ref gallery Image Dao Vallis.JPG Section of Dao Vallis, as seen by THEMIS . Click on image to see relationship of Dao Vallis to other neraby features. gallery See also Outflow channels Harmakhis Vallis Reull Vallis References references External links http www.google.com mars lat 36.102376&lon 91.076660&zoom 6&map infrared&q dao 20vallis Google Mars map centred on Dao Vallis . Category Valleys and canyons on Mars Category Hellas quadrangle mars stub crater stub ca Dao Vallis ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Merge Asappes date March 2010 Azabs lang ota , Turkish language modern Turkish Azap , from Arabic, meaning bachelor were irregular light infantry of the Military of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Army . The Azaps were also known as the bachelors , they were volunteers who were paid only during campaigns and had the freedom to leave the army whenever they wanted. The Azaps were initially only Anatolian Turks, though by the late 16th century any Muslim from an Ottoman province could enlist as an Azap. The main role of Azaps was fighting as infantry archers, although they were often mounted as well. In addition to jobs in the military many were also had jobs as guards. As volunteers the Azaps had a wide range of weaponry. These include pole arms, such as the tirpan and harba as well as balta halberd . In addition to pole arms they were armed with a variety of maces, bows, sabers and to a rarer extent crossbows. Later on guns were adopted instead. Reforms The power and significance of the Azaps began to deteriorate as time went on. Despite once seen as rivals to the elite Janissary Ocak, by the 16th they were responsible for taking on smaller tasks such as carrying ammunition and sapping the enemy walls. In the late 16th century all Muslim men could enlist. From every 20 30 households 1 man would join whilst the others supported him. The standard weaponry of an Azap of this era was a matchlock and a sabre. See also Akinci Seymen Category Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire Category Infantry Mil unit stub Ottoman stub bs Azap ca Azab lt Azapai hu Aszab pl Azab ru sr sv Azap tr Azab ... more details
Wikify date March 2011 MarsGeo Valley name Parana Valles image Image Inverted terrain context image.JPG 200px caption CTX context image for next image that was taken with HiRISE. Note long ridge going across image is probably an old stream. Box indicates area for HiRISE image. location latitude 23.1 N or S S longitude 10.2 E or W W type dimensions discoverer naming Parana Valles is a valley in the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle of Mars, located at 23.1 South and 10.2 West. It is 350 km long and was named after an ancient and modern name for a South American river Brazil, Argentina . ref http planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov ref A low area between Parana Valles and Loire Vallis is believed to have once held a lake. ref Goldspiel, J. and S. Squyres. 2000. Groundwater sapping and valley formation on Mars. Icarus. 89 176 192. ref ref name Carr2006 cite book author Michael H. Carr title The surface of Mars url http books.google.com books?id uLHlJ6sjohwC accessdate 21 March 2011 year 2006 publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 9780521872010 ref gallery Image Inverted terrain in Parana Valles.JPG Example of inverted terrain in Parana Valles region, as seen by HiRISE under the HiWish program. Image Parana Valles.JPG Parana Valles, as seen by HiRISE . Scale bar is 1000 meters long. gallery References reflist Category Valleys and canyons on Mars Category Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle Mars stub pt Parana Valles ... more details
, explosives were used for greater effect. A tactic related to mining is sapping the wall, where engineers ... worked to prevent sapping by dumping anything they had down on attackers who tried to dig under the wall. Successful sapping usually ended the battle since either the defenders would no longer be able ... explosive were placed in 21 mines after about two years of sapping. Approximately 10,000 Germany German ... Sapping References Notes reflist Bibliography Ebrey, Walthall, Palais 2006 . East Asia A Cultural, Social ... more details
2008 12 11 Groundwater May Have Played Important Role in Shaping Mars ref Nirgal Vallis and sapping .... One mechanism that has been advanced is sapping. ref http themis.la.asu.edu zoom 20030916a.html ref In sapping, the ground just gives away as water comes out. Sapping is common in some desert areas in America s Southwest. Sapping forms alcoves and stubby tributaries. These features are visible ... in Coprates.JPG Nirgal Vallis that runs in two quadrangles has features looking like those caused by sapping ... more details
Other uses Solaris disambiguation Solaris no footnotes date March 2010 Image Solaris Atari game screenshot.JPG right thumb Screenshot of the game title screen. Solaris is a game for the Atari 2600 published in 1986 by Atari . The game was computer programming programmed by Douglas Neubauer , who owns the copyright to the game and the Solaris trademark . Gameplay The galaxy of Solaris is made up of 16 quadrants, each containing 16 sectors. The game has 3 distinct environments The tactical map, in which the player navigates through the quadrant and choosing which enemy to fight. Space battle ensues whenever the player navigates into a hostile battlegroup via the tactical map The player may also descend to planets. there are 3 types of planets in the game friendly federation planets, which provide for refueling, but may also harbor a planet defense mission if they are under attack. If players allow a friendly planet in a quadrant to be destroyed, that quadrant becomes a red zone where joystick controls are reversed and booming sounds are overheard. Enemy Zylon planets, in which the player must rescue all cadets, gaining an extra ship when all cadets are rescued. Enemy corridor planets, in which the player must traverse through a fast paced corridor. Players are able to warp drive warp between the sectors, during which they must attempt to keep their ship in focus to lower their fuel consumption rate. Fuel must be carefully managed, as an empty tank results in loss of one of the player lives. Space enemies range from the easy to the frustrating pot shot loving pirate ships, mechanoid ships and aggressive cobra ships. Each battlegroup has at least one enemy flagship, which shoots out fuel sapping drones. There are also 4 kinds of ground fighters stationary guardians, gliders, targeters and raiders. The ultimate goal of Solaris is to reach the planet Solaris and rescue its colonists, at which point the game ends in victory. Reception Solaris is widely hailed as having som ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2012 Infobox military person name Frank Alexander De Pass birth date 26 April 1887 death date 25 November 1914 aged 27 birth place Kensington , London death place Festubert , France placeofburial Bethune Town Cemetery image Image VCFrankAlexanderDePass2.jpg 175px caption nickname allegiance UK serviceyears 1906 1914 KIA rank Lieutenant branch British Indian Army commands unit Royal Horse Artillery br 34th Prince Albert Victor s Own Poona Horse battles World War I awards Victoria Cross laterwork Frank Alexander de Pass Victoria Cross VC 26 April 1887 &ndash November 1914 was an England English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to United Kingdom British and Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth forces. He was the first person of the Jewish faith and the first Indian Army officer to receive the VC during World War I. De Pass was born on 26 April 1887 to Eliot and Beatrice of Kensington, London. He attended Rugby School . ref name cwgc http www.cwgc.org search casualty details.aspx?casualty 62690 De Pass, Frank Alexander , Commonwealth War Graves Commission ref He was 27 years old, and a Lieutenant in the 34th Prince Albert Victor s Own Poona Horse , and was awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions on 24 November 1914 near Festubert , France . He was killed in battle the next day, 25 November. Lieutenant de Pass entered a German Sapping sap and destroyed a traverse what s this? in the face of the enemy s bombs. Subsequently he rescued, under heavy fire, a wounded man who was lying exposed to enemy bullets in the open. Lieutenant de Pass lost his life in a second attempt to capture the sap which had been reoccupied by the enemy. ref London Gazette issue 29074 supp yes startpage 1700 date 16 February 1916 accessdate 29 November 2009 ref His Victoria Cross is displayed at the National Army Museum in Chelsea, London . References http www.national army ... more details
Henry G. Ludlow 1797 1867 was an American minister and abolitionism abolitionist , and one of those who worked with the New York United States v. The Amistad Amistad Committee. He was a divinity student at Yale and then minister of the First Congregational Church in Oswego . From 1828 1837 he was the minister of the Spring Street Presbyterian Church in the Five Points Manhattan Five Points neighborhood of New York City. That church, and Ludlow s home, were partially demolished in July 1834 in one of several nights of anti abolitionist rioting prompted in part by rumors that Ludlow had presided over a mixed race marriage. His son, the author Fitz Hugh Ludlow , later wrote my father, mother, and sister were driven from their house in New York by a furious mob. When they came cautiously back, their home was quiet as a fortress the day after it has been blown up. The front parlor was full of paving stones the carpets were cut to pieces the pictures, the furniture, and the chandelier lay in one common wreck and the walls were covered with inscriptions of mingled insult and glory. Over the mantel piece had been charcoaled Rascal over the pier table, Abolitionist. Henry Ludlow wrote that on another occasion he was mobbed and egged in broad day light in the presence of approving & assenting justices of the peace and other officers of the town Fitz Hugh also reports that his father was a ticket agency on the Underground Railroad . Henry Ludlow s father was a pioneer temperance advocate, according to one source adopting and advocating its principles before any general and organized effort for them. Henry himself, in one of his few preserved sermons, attacked Great Britain for her cruel oppression of her East India subjects, often starving... and forced to cultivate opium on land they need to supply themselves with bread and defended China for resisting a traffick which was sapping, by its terrible effects upon her citizens, the very foundation of her empire See also Grimk si ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Heaven Sent Type studio Artist Boyd Rice br Douglas P. br John Murphy musician John Murphy Cover Scorpion Wind Cover.jpg Released 1996 Recorded Genre Length Label New European Recordings NER Producer Reviews Last album This album Next album Heaven Sent is a collaboration between Boyd Rice , Douglas P. of Death In June and John Murphy musician John Murphy of Associates duo The Associates , recording under the name Scorpion Wind, released in 1996 on New European Recordings NER . The album consists of Boyd Rice s spoken word lyrics on subjects ranging from Social Darwinism to alcohol with backing music in various styles, including lounge music lounge and neofolk music neofolk . Track listing Love Love Love Equilibrium About Social Darwinism and the need for the strong to rule the weak. Preserve Thy Loneliness About aestheticism and elitism . In Vino Veritas About drinking alcohol as civilization falls. Paradise Of Perfection About man s inability or unwillingness to confront the downward trend of history. Roasted Cadaver A song from the perspective of an eternal being Death personification Death ? the sun? sapping the life out of a dead man. A reflection on man s mortality and the eternal nature of the forces surrounding us. The Cruelty Of The Heavens A hymn to the deity Abraxas . There Is No More Sleep A fatalistic call to endure until the inevitable armageddon . Some Colossus A reflection on the endurance of man s greatest creations the Colossus of Rhodes for instance as compared to the transient nature of man himself and the actions of inferior men. The Path Of The Cross Comparing the Fascist symbolism Iron Cross which Boyd Rice uses as a symbol for strength and war to the Christian wooden crucifix cross Never Claims that a lie can never destroy truth or beauty, but instead degrades those who, by lying deserve to be degraded Message... An answering machine message about a credit card bill. External links http www.b ... more details
Image Cox Lavaka W16.jpg thumb Active lavaka on right, with inactive, largely infilled older lavakas to left Lavaka , the Malagasy language Malagasy word for hole ,with steep sides usually on the side of a hill is a type of erosional feature common in Madagascar . They are most abundant in the Central Highlands Madagascar Central Highlands , where there are deep laterite s developed on in steep terrain in a monsoon al climate. Lavakas form where hard laterites overlie thick tens of metres saprolite , on steep 35 to 55 degree slopes, in areas that have a hot dry season and a warm wet season. Lavakas are not landslides. They are a type of gully, formed via groundwater sapping . Associated erosion is usually rapid, producing a sediment yield on the order of convert 8000 m3 yd3 over several months. Although human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, and road creation can contribute to lavaka formation, lavakas are caused by natural processes. Air photos reveal remnants of ancient lavakas in recently deforested areas, showing that those areas were eroded by lavakas before the rainforests grew and C14 dating indicates that some lavakas are up to 20,000 years old, meaning they were present in the Malagasy landscape before the arrival of humans human arrival in Madagascar is 2000 years before present . References Wells, N.A., Andriamihaja, B., and Rakotovololona, H.F.S., 1991, Patterns of development of lavaka, Madagascar s unusual gullies Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 16, p. 189 206. Wells, N. A., and Andriamihaja, B., 1993, The initiation and growth of gullies in Madagascar are humans to blame? Geomorphology, v. 8, p. 1 46. http gsa.confex.com gsa 2005AM finalprogram abstract 94265.htm Cox, R. and Rakotondrazafy, A.F.M., 2005, Rates of Lavaka formation in central Madagascar Geological Society of America Annual Meeting Paper No. 100 15 http gsa.confex.com gsa 2006AM finalprogram abstract 107705.htm Cox, R., Bierman, P., Jungers, M. C., Rakot ... more details
File Waitara 1.jpg right thumb Waitara River in Waitara, New Zealand Waitara The source of the Waitara River lies in the very steep hill country to the east of Mount Taranaki Egmont , near Tahora . After proceeding in a southwesterly direction toward Central Taranaki Region Taranaki , the river abruptly turns to flow in a northeasterly direction to the Tasman Sea meeting it at the coastal town of Waitara, New Zealand Waitara . ref cite web first Thomas Ludovic last Wright Taylor title WAITARA RIVER from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A.H. McLintock, originally published in 1966. Te Ara The Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, updated 18 Sep 2007 url http www.teara.govt.nz 1966 W WaitaraRiver WaitaraRiver en accessdate 2007 12 31 ref The river once had a dock in Waitara, New Zealand Waitara , where export meat from the town s Thos. Borthwick & Sons freezing works was loaded onto ships. However this trade is now conducted from New Plymouth s Port Taranaki . The river is also prone to flooding, and there are stop banks levees to the west of the river upstream from the bridge and on both sides downstream. The Waitara is the first mud bottomed river to the north of Cape Egmont . The historic Bertrand Road suspension bridge , one of only a few such road bridges in New Zealand is several kilometres from New Zealand State Highway network State Highway 3 just up from the town . New Zealand Wars In December 1860 during the First Taranaki War campaign of the New Zealand land wars New Zealand Wars , British forces under Major General Pratt carried out sapping operations against a major M ori defensive line called Te Arei The barrier on the west side of the Waitara River, which was barring the way to the historic hill p of Pukewairangi. During this operation, Colour Serjeant John Lucas VC John Lucas was awarded the Victoria Cross on 18 March 1861. References reflist coord 38 59 S 174 14 E display title region NZ type river source GNS enwiki Category Rivers of the Taranaki ... more details
Raymond Burgard 15 September 1892, Troyes 15 June 1944, Cologne was a French Resistance worker. Life alsace Alsacian in origin, he aggregated in grammar in 1928. In September 1937, he was made literature professor at lyc e Buffon in Paris . A trade union ist, he was the candidate for the Syndicat des personnels de l enseignement secondaire SPES in the elections to the Conseil sup rieur de l Instruction publique CSIP in May 1938. In September he joined the Munich Agreement anti Munich camp. A resistor right from the start, he founded the resistance movement in Valmy on 21 September 1940, with four friends from the left leaning Catholic group Ligue de la jeune R publique Jeune R publique . The group produced several posters, posted on Paris walls or over German posters. One proclaimed Vive la R publique, quand m me Long live the Republic, whatever happens . Burgard also edited tracts in German aimed at sapping the occupying troops morale and encouraging them to disobey their officers. In January 1941, he prepared the first edition of the journal Valmy , of which only 50 copies were printed. Burgard edited its editorial, entitled Certitudes . Thinking himself protected by his Alsacian origins, Raymond Burgard openly participated in the organisation of demonstrations, even encouraging his students to take part in that of 11 November 1940. In 1941, he participated in the commemoration of Joan of Arc at which several people sang la Marseillaise . The Valmy was dimsantled in spring 1942 and Raymond Burgard was arrested at his home by the Geheime Feld Polizei GFP of the Abwehr on 2 April 1942. Five Martyrs of the lyc e Buffon Some lyc ens of the lyc e Buffon demonstrated in favour of his release, and were arrested and shot. In 1943, his wife posed for La femme assise by Ren Ich . Burgard was beheaded in prison at Cologne , on 15 June 1944. Journal Valmy A BBC interview of Paul Simon disambiguation Paul Simon interviewer Jean Oberl on 3 February 1942 published in Les Voix ... more details
About the 19th century Spanish unit the Mexican revolutionary army Divisi n del Norte Infobox Military Unit unit name Division of the North image File Kn tel III, 31.jpg 200px caption motto march type Infantry branch Image Escudo del Ej rcito de Tierra.PNG 22px Spanish Army Army dates March &ndash November 1808 country ESP allegiance Ferdinand VII of Spain size 15,000 specialization Garrison , subsequently Tactical formation front line garrison Denmark until May 1808 battles Battle of Valmaseda , Battle of Espinosa notable commanders Pedro Caro, 3rd Marquis of La Romana Marquis of La Romana , br Joaqu n Blake y Joyes anniversaries disbanded November 1808 destroyed The Division of the North lang es Divisi n del Norte was a 19th century Spain Spanish division military division . The division was composed of 15,000 men, and commanded by Pedro Caro y Sureda . ref name Gates479 Gates Gates 1986 , p. 479 ref Spain being an ally of France , the unit spent 1807 and 1808 performing garrison duties in Hamburg under Marshal Bernadotte . In March 1808, along with a Franco Belgian unit of approximately the same size, it was sent to Denmark with the goal of protecting the country, another ally of Napoleon . It was also hoped that it be used in a planned invasion of Sweden . While in Denmark, the Peninsular War broke out May 2, 1808 . Once he learnt about the new alliances, Caro y Sureda made plans with the British to repatriate his men to Spain. At least 9,000 men of the 15,000 strong division were immediately able to board Royal Navy British ships on August 27 and escape to Spain. ref name Gates83 Gates Gates 1986 , p. 83 ref Their defection reduced Bernadotte s Hanseatic Army to a string of glorified coastal garrisons, severely sapping Napoleon s left north wing in the War of the Fifth Coalition contest with Austria for mastery over Central Europe in 1809. Notes reflist References Chandler, David G. The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York Simon & Schuster, 1995. ISBN 0 02 523660 1 ... more details
The Etoro , or Edolo , are a tribe and ethnic group of Papua New Guinea . Their territory comprises the southern slopes of Mt. Sisa , along the southern edge of the central mountain range of New Guinea , near the Papuan Plateau . They are well known among anthropology anthropologists because of ritual homosexuality homosexual acts practised between the young boys of l k and men of the tribe. The Etoro believe that young boys must semen ingestion ingest the semen of their elders to achieve adult male status and to properly mature and grow strong. The Etoro believe that they each contain a certain amount of Energy esotericism life force , the highest concentrations of which are contained in semen. This life force passes to others through sexual relations. Women are seen to waste the life force if they do not get pregnant after sexual intercourse. As people get older, and their bodies weaken, this is attributed to a depletion of their life force. Homosexual acts, particularly oral sex Citation needed date April 2011 , is encouraged throughout youth for males, with different sexual roles fulfilled by adolescents of different ages. Heterosexuality is permitted only during a distinct time period of the year about 100 days and only in certain places neither in sleeping quarters nor in the fields, but only in the woods . A woman who enjoys sex too much is seen as a witch trying to steal the life force from a man Citation needed date April 2011 . Similarly, boys who grow too quickly are assumed to be sapping the life force from other boys. Seen as too sex hungry, he might be shunned as a witch Citation needed date April 2011 . Kottak reports that whilst homosexual behaviour is encouraged between older men and younger boys it is discouraged in other pairings. Marriage O Neil and Kottak agree that most men marry and have heterosexual relations with their wives. The fear that heterosexual sex causes them to die earlier and the belief that homosexual sex prolongs life means that ... more details
Infobox person name Manaf Abd al Rahim al Rawi br image Replace this image male.svg alt caption birth name birth date Birth date and age YYYY MM DD birth place death date Death date and age YYYY MM DD YYYY MM DD death date then birth date death place nationality Iraqi people Iraqi other names known for Terrorism & al Qaeda in Iraq occupation Manaf Abd al Rahim al Rawi Arabic language Arabic is an Iraqi people Iraqi , the alleged Al Qaeda in Iraq Al Qaeda s former governor in Baghdad province. Al Rawi was arrested on March 11, 2010 by Iraqi security forces. ref Huda Al Saleh 2010 05 18 . http www.asharq e.com news.asp?section 1&id 20993 Saudi Arabia Wants to Verify Identity of World Cup Terrorist . The Asharq Al Awsat Website retrieved 18 October 2011 ref Iraqi government sources claim al Rawi is the man responsible for planning the multiple vehicle bombings in Baghdad. ref Scott Stewart 2010 04 29 . http www.stratfor.com weekly 20100428 jihadists iraq down count Jihadists in Iraq Down For The Count? . Stratfor Stratfor Website retrieved 18 October 2011 ref He was a senior leader of Al Qaeda in Iraq AQI . ref EK 2010 04 25 . http nationalsecuritylawbrief.com 2010 04 25 death of top al qaeda officials confirmed Death of Top Al Qaeda Officials Confirmed . National Security Law Brief retrieved 18 October 2011 ref Under interrogation, he apparently gave authorities information which led to the killing of two members of the group s leadership, Masri and Baghdadi, ref Nick Carey 2010 04 22 . http blogs.reuters.com nick carey page 13 Military gains seen sapping Iraq al Qaeda strength . The Reuters Website retrieved 18 October 2011 ref in the following months. ref Steven L. Myers 2010 04 25 . http www.nytimes.com 2010 04 26 world middleeast 26iraq.html Iraqi Insurgent Group Acknowledges Killing of Two Leaders . New York Times The New York Times retrieved 18 October 2011 ref References Reflist Iraq bio stub Category Living people ... more details
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