Orphan date February 2009 An extrachromosomal array is a method for mosaic analysis in genetics . It is a cosmid , and contains two functioning wild type closely linked genes a gene of interest and a mosaic marker . Such an array is injected into germ line cells, which already contain mutant specifically, loss of function alleles of all three genes in their chromosome chromosomal DNA . The cosmid, which is not packed correctly during mitosis , is occasionally present in only one daughter cell following cell division. The daughter cell containing the array expresses the gene of interest the cell lacking the array does not. The mosaic marker is a gene which exhibits a visible phenotype change between the functioning and non functioning alleles. For example, ncl 1 , located in chromosomal DNA, exhibits a larger nucleolus than the wild type allele, which is in the array. Thus, cells which exhibit larger nucleoli have usually not retained the extrachromosomal array. The gene of interest is the target of the mosaic analysis. Cells lacking the extrachromosomal array also lack the functional gene of interest. Cells which develop normally without the array do not require the gene of interest for normal function. Cells which do not develop normally are said to require the gene. In this way, those cell lineages which require a specific gene can be identified. Extrachromosomal arrays replace an earlier technique involving a duplicated piece of chromosome called a free duplication . The latter technique required that the gene of interest and the mosaic marker be closely linked on the duplication the former allows free choice of mosaic marker and target gene. References Miller LM, Waring DA, Kim SK 1996 . Mosaic analysis using a ncl 1 extrachromosomal array reveals that lin 31 acts in the Pn.p cells during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development. Genetics 143 3 1181 1191. Category Genetics genetics stub ... more details
In coding theory , a standard array or Slepian array is a math q n k math by math q k math array that lists .... Definition A standard array for an n , k code is a math q n k math by math q k math array where ..., 11011 has a standard array as follows class wikitable u Zero vector 0 u 01101 10110 11011 10000 ... for the standard array had 00011 been chosen as the first coset leader of weight two, another standard array representing the code would have been constructed. Note that the first row contains ... exactly once. Constructing a standard array Because each possible vector can appear only once in a standard array some care must be taken during construction. A standard array can be created as follows ... weight not already in the array. Write this as the first entry of the next row. This vector ... different coset leaders will create a slightly different but equivalent standard array, and will not affect ... array, we first list the codewords in a row. class wikitable 0000 1011 0101 1110 We then select a vector ... the vector was already present in the array. We could, however, have chosen it as the first coset leader and constructed a different standard array. Decoding via standard array To decode a vector using a standard array, subtract the error vector or coset leader from the vector received. The result ..., 0101, 1110 , and have constructed the corresponding standard array, as shown from the example above. If we receive the vector 0110 as a message, we find that vector in the standard array. We then subtract ... 1110. Decoding via a standard array is a form of nearest neighbour decoding . In practise, decoding via a standard array requires large amounts of storage a code with 32 codewords requires a standard array with math 2 32 math entries. Other forms of decoding, such as syndrome decoding , are more efficient. Note that decoding via standard array does not guarantee that all vectors are decoded correctly. If we receive the vector 1010, using the standard array above would decode the message as 1110 ... more details
A Commission of Array was a Letters patent commission given by England English royalty to officers or gentry in a given territory to muster and array the inhabitants and to see them in a condition for war, or to put soldier s of a country in a condition for military service. The term arrayers is used in some ancient English statutes, for an officer who had a Commission of Array. Commissions of array developed from the ancient obligation of all free men to defend their country. Commissioners were usually experienced soldiers, appointed by the crown to array able bodied men from each shire. By the time of the Wars of the Roses conscript levies were less important than troops raised by indenture . Though obsolete by the 17th century, the system was revived by Charles I of England Charles I in 1642 in opposition to the 1641 Militia Ordinance that gave Parliament of England Parliament control of raising troops in order to muster a Cavalier Royalist army at the onset of the English Civil War . See also Arrayer Posse comitatus common law Posse comitatus References 1828 Webster s Dictionary 1728 http digicoll.library.wisc.edu cgi bin HistSciTech HistSciTech idx?type turn&entity HistSciTech000900240187&isize L DEFAULTSORT Commission Of Array Category English Civil War Category Military history of the United Kingdom Category Military command staff occupations Mil hist stub England hist stub th ... more details
File Dynamic array.svg thumb Several values are inserted at the end of a dynamic array using geometric ... size and capacity of the final array are shown. In computer science , a dynamic array , growable array , resizable array , dynamic table , or array list is a random access , variable size list ... in many modern mainstream programming languages. A dynamic array is not the same thing as a dynamic memory allocation dynamically allocated array , which is a fixed size Array data structure array whose size is fixed when the array is allocated, although a dynamic array may use such a fixed size array ... class from OpenJDK 6 . ref Bounded size dynamic arrays and capacity The simplest dynamic array is constructed by allocating a fixed size array and then dividing it into two parts the first stores the elements of the dynamic array and the second is reserved, or unused. We can then add or remove elements at the end of the dynamic array in constant time by using the reserved space, until this space is completely consumed. The number of elements used by the dynamic array contents is its logical size or size , while the size of the underlying array is called the dynamic array s capacity , which ..., the fixed size data structure suffices. This may be short sighted, when problems with the array filling up turn up later. It is best to put resize code into any array, to respond to new conditions ... array is an expensive task, typically involving copying the entire contents of the array. Geometric ..., the capacities form a geometric progression . Expanding the array by any constant proportion ensures ... Array Implementation pages 39 41 . ref ref name clrs Introduction to Algorithms chapter 17.4 Dynamic ... array has performance similar to an array, with the addition of new operations to add and remove ... in the middle of the array linear time Inserting or deleting an element at the end of the array constant ... memory region, it may be expensive or impossible to find contiguous space for a large dynamic array ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 context October 2009 Image HP HASS NIKE.jpg thumb Hewlett Packard disk arrays HASS top and NIKE OEM d Data General SCSI Clariion Image EMC Clariion CX500.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC CLARiiON CX500 Cover removed on one Shelf Image EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 Front.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 A disk array is a disk storage system which contains multiple disk drive s. It is differentiated from a disk enclosure , in that an array has cache computing cache memory and advanced functionality, like redundant array of independent disks RAID and Storage virtualization virtualization . Components of a typical disk array include Disk array controller s Cache computing Cache memories Disk enclosure s Power supply Power supplies Typically a disk array provides increased availability, resiliency and maintainability by using additional, redundant components controllers, power supplies, fans, etc. , often up to the point when all single point of failure single points of failure SPOFs are eliminated from the design. Additionally those components are often hot swappable. Typically, disk arrays are divided into categories Network attached storage NAS arrays storage area network SAN arrays Modular SAN arrays Monolithic SAN arrays Utility Storage Arrays Storage virtualization DEFAULTSORT Disk Array Category Computer storage Category Fault tolerant computer systems Category RAID de Disk Array fr Baie de stockage ja pl Macierz dyskowa ru ... more details
Unsourced image removed Image Antenna flat panel.png thumb 400px A planar array fractal antenna In telecommunication s and radar , a planar array is an antenna electronics antenna in which all of the elements, both driven element active and passive radiator parasitic , are in one plane. A planar array provides a large aperture antenna aperture and may be used for directional Light beam beam control by varying the relative phase waves phase of each element. A planar array may be used with a reflecting screen behind the active plane. ref FS1037C MS188 ref A planar array with a reflecting screen is related to a Radar absorbent material radar absorber . Both are supposed not to reflect incoming radiation of the desired wavelength. Radar absorbers have the advantage that they can use magnetic materials to avoid reflections at the interface to air at least for some frequencies. For antennas to be broadband, the transition from air vacuum to the metal of the screen has to be a gradual one. Radar absorbers have the advantage that they do not have to collect the received energy. The antenna needs a Three dimensional space 3D tree of twin lead s and choke electronics chokes to connect a single cable to a large number of micro antennas. Micro dipole antennas are only resonant at a single high frequency, to be broadband the arms of adjoining antennas have to be connected. Footnotes reflist Category Radio frequency antenna types electronics stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 A tower array is an arrangement of multiple Radio masts and towers radio tower s which are mast radiator s in a phased array . Tower arrays can consist of free standing or guyed towers or a mix of them. Tower arrays are used to constitute a directional antenna of a mediumwave or longwave radio station . The number of towers in a tower array can vary. In many arrays all towers have the same height, but there are also arrays of towers of different height. The arrangement can vary. For directional antennas with fixed radiation pattern , linear arrangements are preferred, while for switchable directional patterns usually for daytime groundwave versus nighttime skywave , square arrangements are chosen. Examples Tower arrays with guyed masts Longwave transmitter Europe 1 Transmitter Weisskirchen Beidweiler Longwave Transmitter Transmitter Wachenbrunn Transmitter Ismaning VoA Station Tower arrays with free standing towers Junglinster Longwave Transmitter Orfordness transmitting station See also Twin Towers disambiguation directional antenna longwave mediumwave directional array References reflist DEFAULTSORT Tower Array Category Broadcast engineering Category Telecommunications equipment Category Telecommunications infrastructure Category Communication towers Category Radio frequency antenna types Mast stub ... more details
Image CHARA array.jpg thumb 250px The Operations Center of the CHARA array The CHARA Array is an optical astronomical interferometer operated by The Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy CHARA of the Georgia State University GSU . CHARA is the World s highest angular resolution telescope at near infrared wavelengths. It is located at the Mount Wilson Observatory , near Los Angeles, California . The CHARA Array is an interferometer formed from six 1 meter 40 inch telescopes arranged along three axes with a maximum separation length of 330 m. The light beams travel through vacuum tubes and are combined optically, requiring a building 100 meters long with movable mirrors to keep the light in phase as the earth rotates. CHARA began scientific use in 2002 and began routine operations in early 2004. In the infrared, the array has an interferometric imaging resolution of 0.0005 arcseconds . All six telescopes are in regular use for scientific observations and as of late 2005 imaging results are routinely acquired. The array captured the first image of the surface of a main sequence star other than the sun published in early 2007. ref http www.ns.umich.edu htdocs releases story.php?id 5877 U M astronomers capture the first image of surface features on a sun like star , University of Michigan , 2007 05 31 ref See also Image chara 2000 09 15.JPG thumb 250px Looking down on the top of Mount Wilson, including the historic 100 Hooker telescope center , the 60 telescope center left , and the GSU CHARA Array. Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope COAST Infrared Optical Telescope Array Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer Palomar Testbed Interferometer Navy Prototype ... http olbin.jpl.nasa.gov news chara 18Sept05.html First 4 Telescope Fringes at the CHARA Array ... Array. III. Oblateness, Rotational Velocity and Gravity Darkening of Alderamin archiv.org http discovermagazine.com ... Category Interferometric telescopes observatory stub de CHARA Array it CHARA Array ru CHARA ... more details
Infobox power station name London Array Offshore Wind Farm image image caption location map England location ... developer London Array Limited owner DONG Energy 50 br E.ON UK E.ON UK Renewables 30 br Abu Dhabi ... Array is an offshore wind farm under construction in the outer Thames Estuary in the United Kingdom ... offshore wind farm. ref name la http www.londonarray.com London Array official site ref The site is convert ... , ref http www.londonarray.com wp content pdfs boundaries limits.pdf London Array boundary map PDF ... was installed in March 2011 ref name London Array site http www.londonarray.com 2011 03 08 first foundation installed at london array First foundation March 2011 ref and phase I is expected to be completed ... 210 km of 33 kV array cables. The substations will be connected to a new onshore substation near ... wind farm London Array publisher Siemens AG date 2009 05 19 url http www.siemens.com press en pressrelease ... title Trio hand out London Array prizes newspaper Upstream newspaper Upstream Online publisher NHST ... up barge Sea Worker . ref name array040210 cite press release title London Array signs final major installation contracts for phase one publisher London Array date 2010 02 04 url http www.londonarray.com london array signs final phase one accessdate 2010 07 14 ref Two offshore substations will be designed ... & Distribution. The subsea export cable will supply by Nexans and array cables by JDR Cable Systems. The array cables and the export cables will be installed by VSMC. ref name upstream141209 ... 9 June 2010. ref The wind farm was planned to be built by London Array Limited, a consortium of Royal ... about London Array project introduction ref In May 2008, Shell announced that it was pulling out ... wind farm publisher The London Array accessdate 2008 08 16 ref Subsequently on 16 October 2008, London Array announced the Abu Dhabi based Masdar would join E.ON as a joint venture party in the scheme ... business 2009 may 12 wind farm electricity london array Thames offshore wind farm gets green light ... more details
File JBL VerTec line arrays 4889 x 9 & 4880a subs x 4 .jpg thumb L Acoustics dV DOSC line array at a concert A line array is a loudspeaker system that is made up of a number of loudspeaker elements coupled ... line array displays a normally wide horizontal pattern useful for supplying sound to the majority ... can behave as a horizontal line array unless the signal supplied to them is adjusted delayed, polarized ... boxes to the array will also lower the frequency in which the array achieves a directional dispersion pattern. The large format line array has become the standard for large concert venues and outdoor .... The lower portion of the line array is generally curved backward to increase dispersion at the bottom of the array and allow sound to reach more audience members. Typically, cabinets used in line ... Four driver column loudspeaker polar patterns, taken at six frequencies The line array effect of the narrowing ... team talks about line array concepts ref He published his findings in his 1957 text, Acoustical Engineering. ref http www.meyersound.com support papers line array theory.htm ref Olson used line array concepts to develop the column speaker in which vertically aligned drivers in a single enclosure ... for asking P3 ref A multi band line array elements in a horizontally oriented enclosure was suggested ... JBL s development team talks about line array concepts ref However it was L Acoustics V DOSC line array in the mid 1990s that would show the concert world that a more level and smoother frequency response can come from fewer boxes in a line array. As soon as people realized that there was no destructive ... wanted to know about line arrays and thanks for asking P3 ref Theory Pure line array theory is based ... is the term applied to the dispersion pattern of a line array. It means that when you stack a number .... A vertical array of like drivers will have the same horizontal polar pattern as a single driver. Other than the narrowing vertical coverage, the length of the array also plays a role in what ... more details
In computing , a parallel array is a data structure for representing array data structure array s of Record computer science records . It keeps a separate, homogeneous array for each field of the record, each having the same number of elements. Then, objects located at the same index in each array are implicitly the fields of a single record. Pointers from one object to another are replaced by array indices. This contrasts with the normal approach of storing all fields of each record together in memory. For example, one might declare an array of 100 names, each a string, and 100 ages, each an integer, associating each name with the age that has the same index. An example in C programming language C using parallel arrays source lang c int ages 0, 17, 2, 52, 25 char names None , Mike , Billy , Tom , Stan int parent 0 None , 3 Tom , 1 Mike , 0 None , 3 Tom for i 1 i 4 i printf Name s, Age d, Parent s n , names i , ages i , names parent i source in Perl using a hash of arrays to hold references to each array source lang perl my data first name Joe , Bob , Frank , Hans , last name Smith , Seger ... issues. For example, one of the fields of the record can be a single bit, and its array would only need ... so that it consumes an entire byte or a word. If the number of items is small, array indices can .... Sequentially examining a single field of each record in the array is very fast on modern machines, since this amounts to a linear traversal of a single array, exhibiting ideal locality of reference ... array . They are expensive to grow or shrink, since each of several arrays must be reallocated ... into groups of fields that are generally accessed together, an array can be constructed for each ... the portions of the structure tied together. An alternative to tying them together using array indexes ... dimensional array by declaring an array of n m size and referring to the r th field in record i as element as array m i r . Some compiler optimization s, particularly for vector processor s, are able ... more details
one source date December 2011 File ZX81 ULA.jpg thumb Sinclair ZX81 ULA A gate array or uncommitted logic array ULA is an approach to the design and manufacture of application specific integrated circuit s ASICs , using a prefabricated chip with active devices like AND gates etc. that is later interconnected according to a custom order by adding metal layers in the factory environment. Design A gate array circuit is a prefabricated silicon chip circuit with no particular function in which transistor s, standard Negated AND gate NAND or NOR gate NOR logic gate s, and other active device s are placed at regular predefined positions and manufactured on a wafer electronics wafer , usually called a master slice . Creation of a circuit with a specified function is accomplished by adding a final surface layer or layers of metal interconnects to the chips on the master slice late in the manufacturing process, joining these elements to allow the function of the chip to be customized as desired. This layer is analogous to the copper layer s of a printed circuit board PCB . Gate array master slices are usually prefabricated and stockpiled in large quantities regardless of customer orders. The design ... time compared with standard cell or full custom design. The gate array approach reduces the Photomask ... lead time and costs are reduced since the same test fixtures may be used for all gate array products ..., Inc. An application circuit must be built on a gate array that has enough gates, wiring and I O pins ... than a systolic array with the same gate count. Since unused routing tracks increase the cost and decrease the performance of the part without providing any benefit, gate array manufacturers try to provide ... array FPGA , complex programmable logic device CPLD , and structured ASIC . Whereas a ULA required ... interconnections. See also Field programmable gate array FPGA Complex programmable logic device CPLD Structured ASIC References references Category Gate arrays de Gate Array it Gate array kk ... more details
About general theory and electromagnetic phased array the ultrasonic and medical imaging application phased array ultrasonics the optical application phased array optics Image PAVE PAWS Radar Clear AFS Alaska.jpg thumb PAVE PAWS phased array radar in Alaska File Radar RAF Fylingdales.jpg thumb RAF Fylingdales ... Mammut Hoarding radar illustration.png thumb Mammut phased array radar World War II In wave theory , a phased array is an Antenna array electromagnetic array of antennas in which the relative Phase waves ... that the effective radiation pattern of the array is reinforced in a desired direction ... 027 3979.htm Definition of Phased Array . Accessed April 27, 2006. ref An antenna array is a group of multiple ... of the antenna array. Use of the term active antennas is intended to describe elements whose energy ... television antenna , which has multiple elements coupled together. History Phased array transmission ... laureates 1909 braun lecture.pdf Braun s Nobel Prize lecture. The phased array section is on pages 239 240. ref During World War II , Nobel Prize Nobel Laureate Luis Alvarez used phased array transmission ... interferometric radio antennas. In 2007 DARPA researchers announced a 16 element phased array ... Silicon Phased Array Chip Developed at UC San Diego in UCSD News reviewed 02. November 2007 ref ... pattern of the array. A phased array may be used to point a fixed radiation pattern, or to wikt ... was first demonstrated in a phased array antenna at Hughes Aircraft Company, Culver City ... Array, IRE National Convention Record, Part I Antennas and Propagation Microwaves, New York The Institute ... . The phased array is used for instance in optical communication as a wavelength selective demux splitter . For information about active as well as passive phased array radars, see also active electronically scanned array . Broadcasting In broadcast engineering , phased arrays are required to be used ... phased array longwire antenna systems may be employed by private radio enthusiasts to receive longwave ... more details
A microphone array is any number of microphone s operating in tandem . There are many applications Systems for extracting voice input from ambient noise level ambient noise notably telephone s, speech recognition systems, hearing aid s Surround sound and related technologies Locating objects by sound acoustic source localization , e.g., military use to locate the source s of artillery fire. Aircraft location and tracking. High fidelity original recordings Typically, an array is made up of omnidirectional microphones distributed about the perimeter of a space, linked to a computer that records and interprets the results into a coherent form. Arrays may also be formed using numbers of very closely spaced microphones. Given a fixed physical relationship in space between the different individual microphone transducer array elements, simultaneous DSP digital signal processor processing of the signals from each of the individual microphone array elements can create one or more virtual microphones. Different algorithms permit the creation of virtual microphones with extremely complex virtual polar patterns and even the possibility to steer the individual lobes of the virtual microphones patterns so as to home in on, or to reject, particular sources of sound. An array of 1020 microphones http cag.csail.mit.edu mic array , the largest in the world, was built by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Csail Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory . Windows Vista computer operating system has built in support for microphone arrays for increasing the accuracy of its speech recognition feature, letting users connect multiple microphones to a single ... established example of the use of a microphone array in professional sound recording. See also Microphone ... providing a simple introduction to http www.labbookpages.co.uk audio beamforming.html microphone array beamforming DEFAULTSORT Microphone Array Category Microphones de Mikrofonarray nl Microfoonarray ... more details
Infobox data structure name Sorted array type Array invented by John von Neumann invented year 1945 space avg O n space worst O n search avg O log n search worst O log n insert avg O n insert worst O n delete avg O n delete worst O n A sorted array is an array data structure in which each element is sorted in numerical, alphabetical, or some other order, and placed at equally spaced addresses in computer memory. It is typically used in computer science to implement static and dynamic data structures static lookup table s to hold multiple values which have the same data type . Sorting an array is useful in organising data in ordered form and recovering them rapidly. Methods There are many well known methods by which an array can be sorted. Some of them are Selection sort , Bubble sort , Insertion sort , Merge sort , Quick sort , Heap sort , and counting sort . Citation needed date November 2011 These sorting techniques have different algorithms. Hence there are different advantages of each ... array are found using a binary search , in O log n thus sorted arrays are suited for cases when ... binary search tree s. In some data structures, an array of structures is used. In such cases, the same ... a sorted dynamic array , then it is possible to insert and delete elements. The insertion and deletion of elements in a sorted array executes at O n , due to the need to shift all the elements ... dynamic array can do this in Amortized analysis amortized O 1 time while a self balancing binary search tree always operates at O log n . Elements in a sorted array can be looked up by their index .... History John von Neumann wrote the first array sorting program merge sort in 1945, when the EDVAC ... according to the highest priority by using sorted array of process ID s. Here, processes got sorted ... priority takes first position in sorted array. Hence priority wise system processes scheduling is done ... P1 3 P2 4 P3 1 P4 8 P5 6 See Also array data structure insertion sort sorting algorithm binary search ... more details
In computer science , a suffix array is an array data structure array of integers giving the starting positions of suffix computer science suffixes of a string computer science string in lexicographical order . Details Consider the string class wikitable border 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 align center ... array is the array of the indices of suffixes sorted in lexicographical order. For the string abracadabra , using 1 based array one based indexing, the suffix array is 12,11,8,1,4,6,9,2,5,7,10,3 ... all of those suffixes can also be useful. Algorithms The easiest way to construct a suffix array is to use ... an algorithm for updating the suffix array of a text that has been edited instead of rebuilding a new suffix array from scratch. Even if the theoretical worst case time complexity is math O n log ... . Applications The suffix array of a string can be used as an index search engine index to quickly ... ordering, these suffixes will be grouped together in the suffix array, and can be found efficiently ... in a suffix array with indices stored in pos, starting with 1 as the first index. pre if W suffixAt ... tree . This began the trend towards compressed suffix array s and BWT based compressed full text ... 2003 . Simple linear work suffix array construction. In Proc. 30th International Colloquium on Automata ... Stoye 2005 . An incomplex algorithm for fast suffix array construction . In Proceedings of the 7th ... 2011 On the number of elements to reorder when updating a suffix array , http dx.doi.org 10.1016 j.jda.2011.01.002 ... 12 24 The Suffix Array 1845 Suffix Array Implementation in Ruby http sary.sourceforge.net index.html.en Suffix array library and tools http pizzachili.dcc.uchile.cl Project containing various Suffix Array c c Implementations with a unified interface http code.google.com p libdivsufsort A fast, lightweight, and robust C API library to construct the suffix array http code.google.com p pysuffix Suffix Array implementation in Python Category Arrays Category Substring indices Category String data structures ... more details
, array slicing is an operation that extracts certain elements from an array and packages them as another array, possibly with different number of indices or dimensions and different index ranges. Two ... vector . Depending on the programming language and context, the elements of the new array may be aliasing computing aliased to i.e., share memory with those of the original array. Details For one ... elements 2, 5, 7, 3, 8, 6, 4, 1 , and we want to create an array slice from the 3rd to the 6th ... dimensional slices rectangular matrices from a three dimensional array. However, since the range ... to actually eliminate the trivial indices. General array slicing can be implemented whether or not built into the language by referencing every array through a dope vector or descriptor &mdash a record that contains the address of the first array element, and then the range of each index and the corresponding coefficient in the indexing formula. This technique also allows immediate array transpose ... the indices always start at zero, the dope vector of an array with d indices has at least 1 2 d ... Pascal , the dope vector needs 1 3 d entries. If the array abstraction does not support true negative ... used to specify an offset from the end of the array in that dimension. In 1 based schemes, 1 generally ... indices of an array element or, for that matter, of a procedure call to be omitted when used as an actual ... multi dimensional array slicing, which contributed much to the language s expressive power and popularity. ALGOL 68 1968 introduced comprehensive multi dimension array slicing and trimming features. Array slicing facilities have been incorporated in several modern languages, such as Ada programming ..., in which case they default to the declared array bounds. Neither the stride facility, nor diagonal ... Octave Scilab A round rand 3, 4, 5 10 3x4x5 three dimensional or cubic array A , , 3 3x4 two dimensional array along first and second dimensions ans 8 3 5 7 8 9 1 4 4 4 2 5 A , 2 3, 3 3x2 two dimensional ... more details
main Saturated fat class wikitable Common Name Systematic Name Structural Formula Lipid Numbers Propionic acid Propanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub COOH C3 0 Butyric acid Butanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 2 sub COOH C4 0 Valeric acid Pentanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 3 sub COOH C5 0 Caproic acid Hexanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 4 sub COOH C6 0 Enanthic acid Heptanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 5 sub COOH C7 0 Caprylic acid Octanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 6 sub COOH C8 0 Pelargonic acid Nonanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 7 sub COOH C9 0 Capric acid Decanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 8 sub COOH C10 0 Undecylic acid Undecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 9 sub COOH C11 0 Lauric acid Dodecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 10 sub COOH C12 0 Tridecylic acid Tridecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 11 sub COOH C13 0 Myristic acid Tetradecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 12 sub COOH C14 0 Pentadecylic acid Pentadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 13 sub COOH C15 0 Palmitic acid Hexadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 14 sub COOH C16 0 Margaric acid Heptadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 15 sub COOH C17 0 Stearic acid Octadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 16 sub COOH C18 0 Nonadecylic acid Nonadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 17 sub COOH C19 0 Arachidic acid Eicosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 18 sub COOH C20 0 Heneicosylic acid Heneicosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 19 sub COOH C21 0 Behenic acid Docosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 20 sub COOH C22 0 Tricosylic acid Tricosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 21 sub COOH C23 0 Lignoceric acid Tetracosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 22 sub COOH ... sub sub 34 sub COOH C36 0 See also Carboxylic acid Dicarboxylic acid Fatty acids DEFAULTSORT List Of Saturated Fatty Acids Category Fatty acids Category Chemistry lists Saturated Fatty Acids ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In computer programming , the stride of an array also increment or step size refers to the number of locations in Computer data storage Primary memory memory between beginnings of successive Array data structure array elements, measured in byte s or in units of the size of the array s elements. In another words stride is number of bytes one has to move to get from one element to the next or previous one. Stride cannot be smaller than element size it d mean that elements are overlapping but can be larger indicating extra space between elements . An array with stride of exactly same size as the size of one of it s elements is contiguous in memory. Such arrays are sometimes said to have unit stride . Unit stride arrays are generally more efficient than non unit stride arrays, due to the effects of CPU cache caching . This is attributed to the Locality of reference Principle of Locality , specifically spatial locality. Reasons for non unit stride There are at least two reasons arrays may have a stride larger than their elements width in bytes. First, many languages including C programming language C and C allow structures to be Data structure alignment padded to better take advantage of the word length of the machine. For example source lang c struct ThreeBytesWide char a 3 struct ThreeBytesWide myArray 100 source In the above code snippet, code myArray code might well turn out to have a stride of four bytes, rather than three, if the C code were compiled for a 32 bit architecture, and the compiler had optimized as is usually the case for minimum processing time rather than minimum memory usage. Second, some languages allow arrays of structures to be treated as overlapping parallel array s with non unit stride source lang c include stdio.h struct MyRecord int value char text Print the contents of an array of ints with the given stride void print ... 0 source This idiom is a form of type punning . DEFAULTSORT Stride Of An Array Category Arrays Category ... more details
Infobox company company name Array Networks company type Private company Private company slogan Enterprise Secure Application Delivery foundation 2000 location Milpitas, California industry Security and Application Delivery products SPX Series SSL VPN, APV Application Delivery Controllers homepage http www.arraynetworks.net Founded in 2000, and headquartered in Silicon Valley , California , Array Networks ... applications to end users. Array takes a hardware based approach to deliver enterprise applications ... Array Networks SPX2000 , Information Security , June 2008 . ref APV Series Application Delivery ... 2008 033108netop2.html Array Networks on a Green Streak , Network World , April 22 2008 . ref and Net ... platforms Array s SPX series products are enterprise class SSL Virtual private network VPNs that cover ... Array Networks Equipment for Access Control.aspx Polytechnic Institute of NYU Deploys Array Networks ... hotspots. WiFiProtect runs on Array s SPX Universal Access Controller hardware and incorporates ... www.networkcomputing.com showArticle.jhtml?articleID 197004594&cid RSSfeed TechWeb Array Networks ... web browser. ref name ChannelInsider http www.channelinsider.com c a Reviews Array Networks Wants Citrixs GoToMyPC Off the Desktop Array Networks Wants Cytrix s Go ToMyPC Off The Desktop , Channel Insider ...?q cache dX 9vDV4ecgJ www.brockmann.com index.php 200805091299 Mobile VoIP Applications Interop Array Networks Delivers User Defined Terminal Service.html interop array networks delivers user defined terminal service.html&cd 1&hl en&ct clnk&gl us Interop Array Networks Delivers User Defined Terminal ... The Array Networks AppVelocity APV Series consists of Application delivery controller Application ... World http www.networkworld.com newsletters accel 2008 033108netop2.html Array Networks on a Green Streak , Network World , April 22 2008 ref In 2009, Array launched an upgraded application delivery ... http www.networkworld.com newsletters accel 2009 060809netop2.html Array debuts 10Gbps acceleration ... more details
In computer science , an associative array , map , or dictionary is an abstract data type composed of a Collection ... array. A standard solution to the dictionary problem is a hash table in some cases it is also possible to solve the problem using directly addressed Array data structure array s, binary search tree s, or other ... array, the association between a key and a value is often known as a binding , and the same ... that are usually defined for an associative array are ref name gt ref name ms Add or insert add ... is returned from the operation. If no value is found, some associative array implementations .... A multimap generalizes an associative array by allowing multiple values to be associated with a single ... which books are checked out to which patrons may be represented by an associative array, in which ... , the current checkouts may be represented by an associative array pre Great Expectations ... Expectations in this array would return the name of the person who checked out that book, John. If John returns his book, that would cause a deletion operation in the associative array, and if Pat ... is no longer present in the array. Implementation For dictionaries with very small numbers of bindings ... range of integers, is direct addressing into an array the value for a given key k is stored at the array cell A k , or if there is no binding for k then the cell stores a special sentinel value ... frequently used general purpose implementation of an associative array is with a hash table an Array data structure array of bindings, together with a hash function that maps each possible key into an array ... at that cell of the array and using the binding found there. However, hash table based dictionaries ... of keys such as radix tree s, trie s, Judy array s, or van Emde Boas tree s, but these implementation ... to handle operations beyond the basic ones of an associative array, such as finding the binding whose ... syntax, often using array like subscripting. Built in syntactic support for associative arrays ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2011 File Arraymbiraplayed.jpg thumb right 300px Patrick Hadley playing an array mbira The Array mbira is a hand crafted modern musical instrument with a unique harp or bell like sound. It is made in the United States by its inventor Bill Wesley and manufactured by Wesley with Patrick Hadley in San Diego, California, United States. It is a radical redesign of the African mbira and is part of the lamellaphone family. The metal tines are grouped into multiple octaves. Sounding ... runs through the chromatic scale . Usually, the Array mbira contains two and a half repetitions of the entire ... octave Array mbira uses 5 30 150 tines. The arrangement of the tines allows music to be played with relative ease in any key. Description Generally, the Array mbira is large enough to allow two ... than other mbiras and kalimbas. Two types of Array mbiras are available, a hollow body and a solid ... of the Array System The notes are arranged according to the array system, developed by musicologist, performer, and author Bill Wesley. The Array system of organizing the notes is similar to the Wicki ... of the same note with one finger. The Array system is a specific pattern of arranging musical tones ... available on a lead instrument at this time, and that is the system used for organizing the Array mbira. Because the Array system is isomorphic, any given chord, scale, or song, no matter how complex .... The Array system can be thought of not only as being based on the circle of fifths, but as being based ... of playing an Array mbira is that less shifting around of movement is required for playing a given ... octave of every note , complex rhythms and fast melodies are easier to play. The Array system allows ..., playing a melody on an Array Mbira is unfamiliar for musicians who have trained on other instruments ... dissonant intervals. The Array mbira is played by a number of notable musicians, including ... ArrayPlayers DEFAULTSORT Array Mbira Category Custom made instruments Category Lamellophones ... more details
infobox telescope name Keck Array background Yellow image e.g. File Astrophotography.jpg 250px caption organization location South Pole coords altitude weather wavelength 150 GHz built first light website http www.astro.caltech.edu lgg keck keck front.htm astro.caltech.edu lgg keck style Radio telescope diameter diameter2 diameter3 angular resolution area focal length mounting dome commons Page or category name at Commons The Keck Array is a CMB polarization experiment, part of a CMB polarization project including BICEP2 . The experiment will consist of several microwave polarimeter s located at the South Pole . The purpose of the experiment is to measure the B modes Curl mathematics curl component of the Polarization waves polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation . ref name CaltechPressRelease http media.caltech.edu press releases 13201 , Caltech press release W.M. Keck Foundation Gift to Enable Caltech and JPL Scientists to Research the Universe s Violent Origin ref Members of the scientific collaboration working on the Keck Array include Caltech , JPL , the University of Minnesota , Harvard University , the University of Chicago , Stanford University , Case Western Reserve , the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST , the University of Toronto , and Cardiff University . Development Three polarimeters will be deployed to the South Pole in December 2010, and two more a year later. References reflist CMB experiments Category Physics experiments Category Radio astronomy Category Cosmic microwave background experiments Category Astronomy in the Antarctic ... more details
technical date February 2012 Curtain arrays are a class of radio transmission Antenna radio antenna originally developed during the 1920s and 1930s when there was a lot of experimentation with long distance shortwave broadcasting. The underlying concept is to achieve improvements in gain and or directionality over the simple dipole , possibly by folding one or more dipoles into a smaller physical space, or to arrange multiple dipoles such that their radiation patterns reinforce each other, thus concentrating more signal into a given target area. The first curtain arrays to achieve popularity were the Sterba antenna Sterba curtain , patented by Ernest J. Sterba in 1929 ref Sterba, E.J. November 1, 1932 . http www.aktuellum.com circuits antenna patent patents 1885151.pdf Directive Antenna System . Accessed February 2012. ref and the Bruce array invented by Edmond Bruce sometime in the late 1920 s. The Bruce array produces a vertically polarised signal, Sterba arrays and HRS antennas produce a horizontally polarised signal. The Sterba array was used by Bell Labs and others during the 1930 s and 1940 s. The Sterba curtain is however a narrowband design and is only steerable by mechanical means. However, as far back as the mid 1930s, Radio Netherlands was using a rotatable HRS antenna for global coverage. Since the 1950 s the HRS design has become more or less the standard for long distance high power shortwave broadcasting 1000 km . References Reflist Category Amateur radio Category Radio ... more details
File Wenner electrode array.svg thumb 250px The Wenner electrode array consists of a line of four equally spaced electrodes. Current is injected through the outer electrodes and potential is measured between the inner electrodes. An electrode array is a configuration of electrode s used for measuring either an electric current or voltage . Some electrode arrays can operate in a bidirectional fashion, in that they can also be used to provide a stimulating pattern of electric current or voltage . Common arrays include Schlumberger Wenner Wenner alpha Wenner beta Wenner gamma Pole pole Dipole dipole Pole dipole Equatorial dipole dipole Resistivity Resistivity measurement of bulk materials is a frequent application of electrode arrays. The figure shows a Wenner array, one of the possible ways of achieving this. ref Milsom, pp.98 99. ref Injecting the current through electrodes separate from those being used for measurement of potential has the advantage of eliminating any innacuracies caused by the injecting circuit resistance, particularly the contact resistance between the probe and the surface, which can be high. Assuming the material is homogenous, the resistivity is given by, math rho 2 pi a frac V I math Electrode arrays are widely used to measure resistivity in geophysics applications. ref Milsom, p.98. ref It is also used in the semiconductor industry to measure the bulk resistivity of silicon wafers, which in turn can be taken as a measure of the doping semiconductor doping that has been applied to the wafer, before further manufacturing processes are undertaken. ref Lark Horovitz & Johnson, p.54. ref See also Four terminal sensing Multielectrode array Electrical resistivity measurement of concrete References reflist Karl Lark Horovitz, Vivian Annabelle Johnson, Methods of experimental physics Solid state physics , Academic Press, 1959 ISBN 0124759467. cite book last Loke first M.H. title Tutorial 2 D and 3 D electrical imaging surveys year 2004 url http www.geoelectrical.com ... more details
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