Fats Saturatedfat is fat that consists of triglyceride s containing only saturation chemistry saturated ... proportions of saturated and unsaturated fat . Examples of foods containing a high proportion of saturated ... Saturatedfat food sources ref Verify credibility date April 2010 Fat profiles While nutrition labels ... , coconut and dairy products. The saturatedfat in meat, egg food eggs , chocolate, and nut fruit ... Saturatedfat profile of common foods Esterified fatty acids as percentage of total fat ref cite ... fats with a lower proportion of saturated fatty acids. Sources of lower saturatedfat but higher ... 2011 09 02 ref Cardiovascular disease Main Saturatedfat and cardiovascular disease controversy Medical, heart health, and governmental authorities advise that saturatedfat is a risk factor for cardiovascular ... fat.aspx title SaturatedFat accessdate 2010 12 22 ref ref cite web url http www.heartfoundation.org.au SiteCollectionDocuments Dietary 20Fats.pdf title Reduce saturatedfat urges Heart Foundation after ... evidence.cfm?evidence summary id 250189 title What is the effect of saturatedfat intake on increased ... to support the link between saturatedfat consumption and cardiovascular heart disease is limited ... that saturatedfat causes heart disease its official No evidence that saturatedfat causes heart disease ... of saturatedfat is not linked to heart disease. ref name Siri Tarino2010 ref cite journal last Knopp first Robert coauthors Retzlaff, Barbara title Saturatedfat prevents coronary artery disease ... The Truth About SaturatedFat url http articles.mercola.com sites articles archive 2002 08 17 saturated ... ref ref cite journal last Ravnskov first Uffe title Is SaturatedFat Bad? journal Modern Dietary ... Fat in Place of SaturatedFat A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Randomized Controlled ... studies evaluating the association of saturatedfat with cardiovascular disease journal The American ... evidence for concluding that dietary saturatedfat is associated with an increased risk of CHD or CVD ... more details
Whether saturatedfat is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease CVD is a question with numerous controversial ... RM title Meta analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturatedfat with cardiovascular ... 21735388 ref Reducing saturatedfat in diets reduced the risk of having a cardiovascular event by 14 ... Fat in Place of SaturatedFat A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials ... percent. It was found that reducing saturatedfat by reducing and or modifying dietary fat reduced ... reduction of dietary saturatedfat and partial replacement by unsaturates. The ideal type of unsaturated ... that substitution of poly unsaturated fat for saturatedfat led to a 19 reduction in Coronary Heart ... relationship between cardiovascular disease and dietary saturatedfat. ref name Siri Tarino2010 ref cite journal author Siri Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM title Saturatedfat, carbohydrate ... events when saturatedfat was increased in place of carbohydrates. In the randomized controlled trials where the ratio of polyunsaturated fat to saturatedfat had been increased, the risk of coronary ... than 7 saturatedfat and trans fat lowers the risk of coronary heart disease. ref name VanHorn2008 ... energy from saturatedfat was associated with a 45 reduction in risk of coronary heart disease ... saturatedfat and cholesterol intake with partial replacement by polyunsaturated oils. The review noted ... have found a significant relationship between saturatedfat and serum cholesterol levels, and serum ... Critical Pathways in Cardiovascular Medicine , substituting unsaturated fat for saturatedfat may lower .... Specific sources of saturatedfat, such as coconut and palm oil, provide low cost energy and may ... reducing foods rich in saturatedfat and emphasizing options with more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated ... reviews of randomized controlled trials that reducing saturatedfat reduces morbidity in patients ... SaturatedFat accessdate 2010 12 22 ref the National Heart Foundation of Australia, ref cite web url ... more details
In experiments in which additional factors are not likely to interact with any of the other factors, a saturated array can be used. In a saturated matrix mathematics array , a controllable design of experiments factor is substituted for the interaction of two or more by products. Using a saturated array, a two factor test matrix could be used to test three factors. Using the saturated array allows three factors to be tested in four tests rather than in eight, as would be required by a standard orthogonality orthogonal array. statistics stub Category Design of experiments ... more details
In thermodynamics , the state of saturation of a fluid indicates that the fluid is at its boiling point temperature ref Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach by Yunus A. engel, Michael A. Boles, p.65, ISBN 007121688X ref . This term can be applied in several ways Saturated liquid fully in the liquid state but is about to vaporize. Saturated liquid vapor mixture liquid and vapor coexist. Saturated vapor fully in the vapor state but about to condense. For example, a saturated steam is steam at Vapor liquid equilibrium equilibrium with liquid water . It defines the boundary between wet steam and superheated steam on the temperature enthalpy diagram. See also Subcooling References reflist Singh, R Paul. 2001 . Introduction to Food Engineering . Academic Press. ISBN 978 0 12 646384 2. Category Steam engines Category Thermodynamics Category Temperature Category Phases of matter states of matter engineering stub ar cs Syt p ra pl Para nasycona ... more details
In mathematics , in particular in topology , a subset of a topological space X , is saturated if it is an intersection set theory intersection of open set open subsets of X . In a T1 space T sub 1 sub space every set is saturated. Saturated sets can also be defined in terms of surjections let p be a surjection a set C in the domain of p is called saturated if for every p sup 1 sup A that intersects C , p sup 1 sup A is contained in C . This is equivalent to the statement that p sup 1 sup p C C . References cite encyclopedia author G. Gierz, K. H. Hofmann, K. Keimel, J. D. Lawson, M. Mislove, and D. S. Scott encyclopedia Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications title Continuous Lattices and Domains year 2003 publisher Cambridge University Press volume 93 id ISBN 0 521 80338 1 cite book author J. R. Munkres title Topology publisher Prentice Hall year 2000 isbn 0 13 181629 2 Category General topology Topology stub ... more details
No footnotes date January 2010 Dablink There is an unrelated notion of saturated model in the context ... , a saturated model M is one which realizes as many type model theory complete type s as may be reasonably ... saturated, meaning that every descending nested sequence of internal set s has a nonempty intersection ... a model in some first order language . Then M is called saturated if for all subsets A M of cardinality less than , M realizes all Type model theory complete types over A . The model M is called saturated if it is M saturated where M denotes the cardinality of M . That is, it realizes all complete ... countably saturated if it is aleph 1 math aleph 1 math saturated that is, it realizes all complete types over countable sets of parameters. According to others, it is countably saturated if it is math aleph 0 math saturated i.e. realizes all complete types over finite parameter sets. Motivation Technical ... the base language, so a weakly saturated structure may not bound the sequence, while an saturated ... is trivial without this restriction, no infinite model is saturated. Consider a model M , and the type ... unsatisfied is useless hence the restriction. Examples Saturated models exist for certain theories and cardinalities Q , the set of rational number s with their usual ordering is saturated. Intuitively ... in the structure. R , the set of real number s with their usual ordering is not saturated. For example ... to the sequence 1 n which is less than 0 its least upper bound . Thus R , is not sub 1 sub saturated, and not saturated. However, it is saturated, for essentially the same reason as Q every finite ..., is also saturated, because any complete type is implied by the finite subgraph consisting of the variables ... the unique model of cardinality of a countable categorical theory is saturated. However, the statement that every model has a saturated elementary extension is not provable in ZFC . In fact, this statement ... is weakly inaccessible. Relationship to prime models The notion of saturated model is dual to the notion ... more details
Saturated spectroscopy is the method by which the exact energy of the hyperfine transitions within an atom can be found. When a monochromatic light is shone through an atom, the Absorption cross section is broadened due to Doppler broadening . Saturated spectroscopy allows the doppler broadened peak to be resolved so that the exact transitions can be found. More than a decade after the first demonstration of spectral hole burning or Lamb dip, a result of saturated absorption process inside HeNe laser cavity at 1.1micron in 1962, the greater majority of SA spectroscopy research was carried out with gas lasers and molecules in the mid infrared. But due to the facts that SA requires high laser intensity and the gas molecules usually have widely spread strong absorption spectra only in the Mid IR, and the slow development of compact, widely tunable Mid IR lasers, the SA technique has not been widely used for molecular chemical analysis besides precision metrology which only been limited to the isolated wavelengths of HeNe and CO sub 2 sub lasers and limited number of molecules. External links http www.phys.ufl.edu courses phy4803L group III sat absorbtion SatAbs.pdf Saturated Spectroscopy http prola.aps.org abstract PR v126 i2 p580 1 hole burning by Bennett Category Spectroscopy Category Scattering, absorption and radiative transfer optics science stub de Dopplerfreie S ttigungsspektroskopie ... more details
In mathematics , a Measure mathematics measure is said to be saturated if every locally measurable set is also measurable . ref Bogachev, Vladmir 2007 . Measure Theory Volume 2 . Springer. ISBN 978 3540345138. ref A set math E math , not necessarily measurable, is said to be locally measurable if for every measurable set math A math of finite measure, math E cap A math is measurable. math sigma math finite measures, and measures arising as the restriction of Outer measure outer measures , are saturated. References reflist Category Measures measure theory mathanalysis stub ... more details
Wikify date April 2012 orphan date April 2010 Saturation mutagenesis is a form of site directed mutagenesis , in which one tries to generate all possible or as close to as possible mutations at a specific site, or narrow region of a gene. This is a common technique used in directed evolution . Further reading cite journal last Reetz first M. T. coauthors Carballeira J. D. year 2007 title Iterative saturation mutagenesis ISM for rapid directed evolution of functional enzymes url journal Nature Prot. volume 2 issue 4 pages 891 903 doi 10.1038 nprot.2007.72 pmid 17446890 cite journal last Chica first Robert A. coauthors et al. year 2005 title Semi rational approaches to engineering enzyme activity combining the benefits of directed evolution and rational design url pmid 15994074 journal Current Opinion in Biotechnology volume 16 issue 4 pages 378 384 doi 10.1016 j.copbio.2005.06.004 DEFAULTSORT Saturated Mutagenesis Category Molecular genetics Category Mutagenesis ... more details
In experimental physics, saturated absorption is a set up that enables the precise determination of the transition frequency of an atom between its ground state and an optically excited state. The accuracy to which these frequencies can be determined should ideally be only limited by the width of the excited state , which is the inverse of the lifetime of this state. However, the samples of atomic gas that are used to that purpose are at room temperature, where the measured frequency distribution is highly broadened due to the Doppler effect . Saturated absorption allows precise spectroscopy of the atomic levels without having to cool the sample down to temperatures where the Doppler broadening is no longer relevant which would be on the order of a few millikelvins . It is also used to lock the frequency of a laser to the precise wavelength of an atom in atomic physics experiments. Doppler broadening of the absorption spectrum of an atom According to the description of an atom interacting with the electromagnetic field , the atom absorption of light depends on the frequency of the incident field. More precisely, the absorption is characterized by a lorentzian of width math Gamma 2 math math Gamma 6 math MHz for the atom of Rubidium for example ref http steck.us alkalidata Alkali D line Data, D. A. Steck ref . If we have a cell of atomic vapour at room temperature, then the distribution of velocity will follow a Maxwell Boltzmann distribution math n v dv frac Nm sqrt 2 pi k B T e frac mv 2 2k B T dv math where N is the number of atoms, math k B math the Boltzmann constant , m the mass of the atom. According to the Doppler effect formula in the case of non relativistic speeds ... of the resonance. Principle of saturated absorption To overcome this problem, a classical, and rather ... when using a synchronous detection . The description of the principle of saturated absorption used ... group III sat absorbtion SatAbs.pdf Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy of Rubidium Reflist Category Atomic ... more details
The saturated squeeze is a type of Squeeze play bridge squeeze play in the card game of Contract bridge Bridge . The key feature of the saturated squeeze is that it involves threats in all four suits, and all four threats are necessary for the squeeze to function. Accordingly, saturated squeezes can only occur in notrump contracts, and they are always non simultaneous, with each defender being squeezed in turn as one or more winners are cashed in a suit guarded by the other defender. At least 20 positions exist, with different arrangements of menaces and entries. The following diagram demonstrates the simplest form of saturated squeeze table class wikitable align left style width 300px tr td style width 33 background color FFFFFF colspan 2 rowspan 4 td td style width 3 color 0 td td style width 30 td td style width 33 background color FFFFFF colspan 2 rowspan 4 td tr tr td style color FF0000 td td td tr tr td style color FF0000 td td AK9 td tr tr td style color 000000 td td A2 td tr tr td style width 3 td td style width 30 A td td colspan 2 rowspan 4 align center style background color 008000 color FFFFFF p align center N p align center W& 160 & 160 & 160 & 160 & 160 & 160 & 160 & 160 & 160 E p align center S td td style width 3 td td style width 30 K td tr tr td style width 3 color FF0000 td td style width 30 A td td style width 3 color FF0000 td td style width 30 K td tr tr td style width 3 color FF0000 td td style width 30 QJ10 td td style width 3 color FF0000 td td style width 30 td tr tr td style width 3 td td style width 30 td td style width 3 td td style width 30 QJ10 td tr tr td style width 33 background color FFFFFF colspan 2 rowspan 4 td td style width 3 td td style ... complex saturated squeeze ending table class wikitable align left style width 300px tr td style ... suits. br clear all Reference Saturated Squeezes, Bridge World, August 2003, p. 4. Clear DEFAULTSORT Saturated Squeeze Category Bridge squeezes ... more details
can be categorized into saturatedfat s and unsaturated fat s. Unsaturated fats can be further divided into cis fat s, which are the most common in nature, and trans fat s, which are rare in nature ... metabolized. Saturated and unsaturated fats main fatty acid A fat s constituent fatty acids may also ... sub 2 sub H, the resulting fat is called SaturatedFatsaturated . Values of n usually range from 13 to 17. Each carbon atom in the chain is saturated with hydrogen, meaning they are covalent bond bonded ... of fats with saturated chains. This decreases intermolecular forces between the fat molecules ...About the type of nutrient in food fat in humans and animals Adipose tissue other uses Fat disambiguation ... have ester Chemical bond bonds . The properties of any specific fat molecule depend on the particular ... H. Unsaturated fats can be converted to saturated ones by the process of hydrogenation . This technology underpinned the development of margerine . Saturated and unsaturated fats differ in their energy content and melting point. Since unsaturated fats contain fewer carbon hydrogen bonds than saturated ... metabolism than saturated fats with the same number of carbon atoms. Saturated fats can stack themselves ... temperature. For example, animal fats tallow and lard are high in saturated fatty acid content and are solids ... fats commonly called trans fat s are commercially produced. Trans fatty acids are rare in nature. The cis ... temperature. Trans fats may still stack like saturated fats, and are not as susceptible to metabolization ... organisms Vitamin s Vitamin A A , Vitamin D D , Vitamin E E , and Vitamin K K are fat soluble ... about 37.8 kilo kilo joule s 9 calorie s per gram of fat. ref Stern, David P. May 19, 2008 . http www ... acid s. The glycerol can be converted to glucose by the liver and thus used as a source of energy. Fat ... or at least maintain equilibrium of&mdash the offending substances by storing it in new fat tissue ... , sebum excretion, and hair growth. While it is nearly impossible to remove fat completely ... more details
for people known as the Fat List of people known as the Fat Infobox television show name The Fat image hi boy staff caption show name 2 genre Talk show creator director creative director developer presenter Tony Squires br Rebecca Wilson br Peter Wilkins starring voices narrated theme music composer opentheme endtheme composer country AUS language English language English num seasons 4 num episodes list episodes executive producer co exec producer supervising producer asst producer co producer editor story editor location cinematography camera runtime network ABC Television ABC TV picture format audio format first run first aired 6 March 2000 last aired 18 November 2003 preceded by followed by 110 Tony Squires 2004 related website http www.abc.net.au thefat production website The Fat was an Australia n sports based talk show television series, broadcast and produced by ABC Television ABC TV .The series began on 6 March 2000, and ended on 18 November 2003. Host Tony Squires , with regulars Peter Wilkins and Rebecca Wilson ran through the week s sporting news, showing the lighter side of things. One particular highlight of each episode was Sam Kekovich Slammin Sam Kekovich s deadpan analysis of all things Australian. Regulars guests included Dr Turf John Rothfield , Kerry O Keeffe , Wil Anderson , Jason Akermanis and Liz Ellis . Initially the show consisted of a 30 minute Monday night wrap of the weekend s sports. After gaining popularity, 2002 saw the show extended to a one hour timeslot still on a Monday night. In 2003 the format, scheduling and length of the show was altered, with a one and half hour show being shown on Friday night. Criticisms arose of the new format, which saw the show turn away from only sports topics and into a variety show. The Friday night scheduling ... Seven Network Seven , to present what was essentially a carbon copy of The Fat, the short lived 110 ... title 0343260 The Fat tv.com 28416 The Fat DEFAULTSORT Fat, The Category Australian television comedy ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In organic chemistry , a saturated compound is a chemical compound that has of a chain of carbon atom s linked together by single bond s and has hydrogen atoms filling all of the other bonding orbital s of the carbon atoms. Alkane s are an example of saturated compounds. An unsaturated compound is a chemical compound that contains carbon carbon double bond s or triple bond s, such as those found in alkene s or alkyne s, respectively. Saturated and unsaturated compounds need not consist only of a carbon atom chain. They can have functional groups, as well. It is in this sense that fatty acid s are classified as saturatedfatsaturated or unsaturated fat unsaturated . The amount of unsaturation of a fatty acid can be determined by finding its iodine number . In a chain of carbons, such as a fatty acid , a double or triple bond will cause a kink in the chain. These kinks have macro structural implications. Unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at room temperature, rather than solid , due to the kinks in the chain. The kinks prevent the molecule s from packing closely together to form a solid. These fats are called oil s and are present in fish and plant s. In other unsaturated hydrocarbon s, the double bond between two carbons prevents rotation of the atom s about the bond, locking them into specific structural formations. When attached atoms occupy similar positions on each carbon, they are referred to as cis trans isomerism cis , and when they are on opposite sides, they are called cis trans isomerism trans . Most natural hydrocarbons exist in the cis state, but artificially manufactured hydrocarbons are trans. The body lacks the enzyme s to properly break down the trans configuration. This is why trans fats are viewed as dangerous and unhealthy, as they tend to build up. Unsaturated compounds of the two formations are classified as geometric isomer s of one another. See also Saturation chemistry DEFAULTSORT Unsaturated Compound ... more details
Saturated surface dry SSD Citation needed date July 2011 is defined as the condition of an aggregate composite aggregate in which the surfaces of the particles are saturated i.e. , surface adsorption would no longer take place , but the porosity inter particle voids are otherwise dry. In this condition aggregates will not affect the free water content of a composite material . ref cite web url http www.cement.org tech faq saturated.asp title What is meant by saturated surface dry condition of aggregates? publisher cement.org accessdate 2011 07 02 ref ref ftp ftp.dot.state.tx.us pub txdot info cst TMS 400 A series pdfs cnn403.pdf ref If the mass of an oven dried test sample M sub dry sub is compared to the mass of a saturated surface dry M sub ssd sub sample, the water adsorption A can be calculated math A frac M ssd M dry M dry math See also Construction aggregate References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Saturated Surface Dry Category Concrete Category Building materials Category Materials material stub ... more details
main Saturatedfat class wikitable Common Name Systematic Name Structural Formula Lipid Numbers Propionic acid Propanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub COOH C3 0 Butyric acid Butanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 2 sub COOH C4 0 Valeric acid Pentanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 3 sub COOH C5 0 Caproic acid Hexanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 4 sub COOH C6 0 Enanthic acid Heptanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 5 sub COOH C7 0 Caprylic acid Octanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 6 sub COOH C8 0 Pelargonic acid Nonanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 7 sub COOH C9 0 Capric acid Decanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 8 sub COOH C10 0 Undecylic acid Undecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 9 sub COOH C11 0 Lauric acid Dodecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 10 sub COOH C12 0 Tridecylic acid Tridecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 11 sub COOH C13 0 Myristic acid Tetradecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 12 sub COOH C14 0 Pentadecylic acid Pentadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 13 sub COOH C15 0 Palmitic acid Hexadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 14 sub COOH C16 0 Margaric acid Heptadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 15 sub COOH C17 0 Stearic acid Octadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 16 sub COOH C18 0 Nonadecylic acid Nonadecanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 17 sub COOH C19 0 Arachidic acid Eicosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 18 sub COOH C20 0 Heneicosylic acid Heneicosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 19 sub COOH C21 0 Behenic acid Docosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 20 sub COOH C22 0 Tricosylic acid Tricosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 21 sub COOH C23 0 Lignoceric acid Tetracosanoic acid CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 22 sub COOH ... sub sub 34 sub COOH C36 0 See also Carboxylic acid Dicarboxylic acid Fatty acids DEFAULTSORT List Of Saturated Fatty Acids Category Fatty acids Category Chemistry lists Saturated Fatty Acids ... more details
File ECS.PNG thumb 200px Saturated calomel electrode The Saturated calomel electrode SCE is a reference electrode based on the reaction between elemental Mercury element mercury and mercury I chloride . The aqueous phase in contact with the mercury and the mercury I chloride Hg sub 2 sub Cl sub 2 sub , Mercury I chloride calomel is a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water. The electrode is normally linked via a porous frit to the solution in which the other electrode is immersed. This porous frit is a salt bridge . In cell notation the electrode is written as math Cl big 4M big big Hg 2Cl 2 big s big big Hg big l big big Pt math Theory of operation The electrode is based on the redox reaction math text Hg 2 2 2 text e rightleftarrows 2 text Hg l math The Nernst equation for this reaction is math E E 0 text Hg 2 2 text Hg frac RT 2F ln frac 1 a text Hg 2 2 math where E sup 0 sup is the standard electrode potential for the reaction and a sub Hg sub is the activity chemistry activity for the mercury cation the activity for a liquid of 1 Molar is 1 . This activity can be found from the Solubility equilibrium solubility product of the reaction math text Hg 2 2 2 text Cl rightleftarrows text Hg 2 text Cl 2 text s , qquad K text sp a text Hg 2 2 a text Cl 2 math By replacing the activity in the Nernst equation with the value in the solubility equation, we get math E E 0 text Hg 2 2 text Hg frac RT 2F ln K text sp frac RT 2F ln a 2 text Cl math The only variable in this equation is the activity or concentration of the chloride anion. But since the inner solution is saturated with potassium chloride, this activity is fixed by the solubility of potassium chloride. When saturated the redox potential of the calomel electrode is 0.2444 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode SHE at 25 C, but slightly higher when the chloride solution is less than saturated. For example, a 3.5M ... Banus MG title A DESIGN FOR A SATURATED CALOMEL ELECTRODE journal Science volume 93 issue 2425 pages ... more details
atom s are eliminated. Thus, a saturatedfat has no double bonds, has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons, and therefore is saturated with hydrogen atoms. In cellular metabolism , unsaturated fat molecules contain somewhat less energy i.e., fewer calories than an equivalent amount of saturatedfat. The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid i.e., the more double ... bond, whereas, in the trans conformation, they are on opposite sides see also Trans fat . Saturated ... membrane membranes . Although both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats can replace saturatedfat in the diet, trans unsaturated fats should be avoided. Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated ... oils, also contain saturatedfat. Role of dietary fats in insulin resistance Incidence of Insulin ... foods div References Reflist See also Saturatedfat Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat ...Fats An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fat molecule is Monounsaturated fat monounsaturated if it contains one double bond ... s can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation. Chemistry and nutrition Image Fatchart.svg thumb right Amounts of fat types in selected foods Double bond s may be in either a cis trans ... the fat molecules to assume a linear conformation, which leads to efficient packing i.e., atheroma ... low fat intake showed that polyunsaturated fat is positively associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis , whereas monounsaturated fat is not. ref cite journal author Dariush Mozaffarian title ... both saturated and unsaturated fats. Although unsaturated fats are conventionally regarded as healthier than saturated fats, ref http www.bbc.co.uk health healthy living nutrition basics fatsugar.shtml ... stated that the amount of unsaturated fat consumed should not exceed 30 of one s daily caloric ... foods contain both unsaturated and saturated fats. Marketers advertise only one or the other, depending ... more details
A fat substitute is a food product with the same functions, stability, physical, and chemical characteristics as regular fat, with fewer kilocalories per gram than fat. They are utilized in the production of low fat and low calorie foods. ref name ADA cite journal title Position of the American Dietetic Association Fat replacers. journal Journal of the American Dietetic Association year 2005 volume 105 2 pages 266 275 ref Background Fat is present in most foods. It provides a unique texture, flavor, and aroma to the food it is found in. ref cite web title Fat Replacers url http www.caloriecontrol.org sweeteners and lite fat replacers publisher Calorie Control Council accessdate 9 November 2011 ref While fat is essential to life, it can be detrimental to health when consumed in excess of physiological requirements. ref name ADA High fat diets increase risk of heart disease , weight gain, and some cancers. High blood cholesterol is more prevalent in those that consume diets high in saturated ... 9 November 2011 ref The use of fat substitutes in food products allows for maintenance of the food s original quality characteristics without the associated risks of fat consumption. In the absence of energy dense fat molecules, products utilizing fat substitutes are generally lower in calories than their full fat counterparts. ref name ADA Applications Fat substitutes can be divided into four categories ... feel, water binding, reduce syneresis chemistry syneresis Fat based Altered triglycerides Caprenin Sucrose ... and fat Optamax Flavour, texture, mouth feel, water retention Figure 1 Categories of fat substitutes based on composition. Like fat itself, such compounds have a variety of functions in food products. Table adapted from the American Dietetic Association s 2005 report on fat replacers. ref name ADA Potential benefits Consumption of fat substitutes can assist in lowering total overall fat and calorie ... of these, especially when in a disease state associated with high fat diets. While fat substitution ... more details
Crocodile fat , alligator oil or crocodile alligator oil is a lipid substance deriving from the bodies of the crocodilian family of reptiles. Since the beginning of commercial alligator farming in the USA , Australia , South Africa and South East Asia , crocodile fat became a commercial product that can be used in a number of way, including medicine and as a feedstock for biodiesel . Energy use Alligator fat was recently identified as a source to produce biodiesel . Every year, about 15 million pounds of alligator fat are disposed of in landfills as a waste byproduct of the alligator meat and skin industry. Studies have shown that biodiesel produced from alligator fat is similar in composition to biodiesel created from soybeans, and is cheaper to refine since it is primarily a waste product. Biodiesel made of crocodile fat can be utilized by cars. A research work was published in Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research Journal. ref Srividya Ayalasomayajula, Ramalingam Subramaniam, August Gallo, Stephen Dufreche, Mark Zappi, and Rakesh Bajpai. Potential of Alligator Fat as Source of Lipids for Biodiesel Production. Publication Date Web July 15, 2011 ref The authors show that recovery of lipids from the alligator fat tissue was studied by solvent extraction as well as by microwave rendering. Microwave rendering resulted in oil recovery of 61 by weight of the frozen fat tissue obtained from producers. The fatty acid profile of the lipid showed that palmitic acid C16 0 , palmitoleic acid C16 1 , and oleic acid C18 1 were the dominant fatty acids accounting for 89 92 of all lipids by mass 30 of the fatty acids were saturated and 70 were unsaturated. The biodiesel produced from ... made out of crocodile fat at 2.51 a gallon, excluding the cost of the fat and transportation. The latter ... Crocodile fat was used in East Asia and South East Asia for centuries as medicine. fact date January 2012 Lotions and other products derived from alligator fat are now sold online. One of these products ... more details
than polyunsaturated fatty acids more double bonds and a lower melting point than saturatedfatsaturated fatty acids no double bonds . Monounsaturated fatty acids are liquids at room temperature ... consumption of saturatedfat significantly decreased insulin sensitivity. ref cite journal author ... dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women ... acids in the same way as saturated fats may promote insulin resistance , whereas polyunsaturated ... The influence of dietary fat on insulin resistance journal Current Diabetes Reports year 2002 volume ... in natural foods such as red meat , whole milk products, Nut fruit nuts and high fat fruits such as olives and avocado s. Olive oil is about 75 monounsaturated fat. Canola oil and Cashews are both about 58 monounsaturated fat. Tallow beef fat is about 50 monounsaturated fat and lard is about 40 monounsaturated fat. Other sources include macadamia nut oil , Grape seed oil grapeseed oil , groundnut ... oil , almond oil , sunflower oil , tea oil Camellia , and avocado oil . div class noprint Fat composition in different foods div See also High density lipoprotein Saturatedfat Unsaturated fat Polyunsaturated Polyunsaturated fat Fatty acid synthesis References Reflist External links http www.mayoclinic.com ... of Unsaturated Fats DEFAULTSORT Monounsaturated Fat Category Food science Category Fatty acids ... monoinsaturada simple Monounsaturated fat fi Kertatyydyttym t n rasvahappo sv Enkelom ttat fett ta ... more details
fat had 30 more saturated and 57 less monounsaturated fatty acids than the untreated palm olein ...Fats Interesterified fat is a type of oil where the fatty acids have been moved from one triglyceride ... margarine with good taste and low content of saturated fatty acids. This is unlike Hydrogenated ... industry can come from hydrogenated fat, for simplicity and economic reasons. Chemistry Fats such as soybean ... to three fatty acid molecules. The triglycerides contain a mixture of saturated, monounsaturated ... of fats significantly. A triglyceride containing three saturated fatty acids is generally solid at room ... allows the reduction in saturated fatty acids in many trans fatty acid free food products. The interesterified ... position which is replaced by a saturated fatty acid stearic acid via interesterification. center In vegetable ... the amount of saturated fatty acids at the 2 position. Fatty acids at the 2 position are biologically ... fat should be compared with a diet high in a noninteresterified fat with the same fatty ... fat and the noninteresterified fat being compared have different fatty acid compositions ... 61 pages 48 551 ref compared the effects of an IE test fat with 40 C16 0 on the 2 position with a noninteresterified test fat with only 6.5 C16 0 on the 2 position in a 3 week diet study. Despite ... year 1995 volume 62 pages 950 55 ref examined the effects of an IE fat blend with 25 C16 0 on the 2 position with a native fat blend with only 9 C16 0 on the 2 position. Again, despite a high intake ... as applied in foods. The control was the same fat blend with a similar fatty acid composition, but not interesterified. The IE fat blend contained more C16 0 on the 2 position 18 than the control blend ... to treatment of the fat blend. Fasting glucose level was also not affected. In 1970, Grande et al. ref ... between the interesterified fat blend and cocoa butter was observed in levels of total cholesterol ... Sundram K, Karupaiah T, Hayes K. title Stearic acid rich interesterified fat and trans rich fat ... more details
are sometimes monounsaturated fat monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fat polyunsaturated , but never saturatedfatsaturated . Trans fats are rare in living nature, but can occur in food production ... fats, eliminating double bonds and making them into partially or completely saturatedfat ... fats of margarine were healthier than the saturatedfat s of butter. ref name Harvard cite web ... fat that acts the same way as trans and saturated fats. ref Cite news url http www.cbc.ca health fitness ... can be trans or cis fat, since only a double bond can be locked to these orientations. Saturated fatty ..., it takes more than a 15 increase in saturatedfat calories instead of carbohydrate calories to produce a similar increase in risk. The replacement of saturatedfat or trans unsaturated fat by cis ... of food energy from saturatedfat with non trans unsaturated fats reduces the risk of CHD by 43 . ref ... behaves like saturatedfat by raising the level of LDL, but, unlike saturatedfat, it has the additional ... double that due to saturatedfat. ref Cite journal author A Ascherio title Trans fatty acids ... Effects of a SaturatedFat and High Cholesterol Diet on Memory and Hippocampal Morphology in the Middle ...Fats Trans fat is the common name for unsaturated fat with Cis trans isomerism trans isomer E isomer ... academies title Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids ... for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids Macronutrients ... of good high density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol. ref cite web title Trans fat Avoid this cholesterol ... health trans fat CL00032 accessdate 2007 12 10 ref Health authorities worldwide recommend that consumption of trans fat be reduced to trace amounts. Trans fats from partially hydrogenated ... that the natural trans fat vaccenic acid, found in beef and dairy products, can have the opposite ... of pork lard and soy fat, ref name jn.nutrition e.g. lowering total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride ... more details
disease it is inflammation and not a diet high in saturatedfat that causes heart disease and heart ...Infobox film name Fat Head image FatHeadPoster.jpg alt see WP ALT caption Theatrical release poster director Tom Naughton producer Page Ostrow br Susan Smiley writer Tom Naughton starring Tom Naughton br Chareva Naughton music Tom Monahan cinematography Tom Naughton editing Tom Naughton studio distributor Morningstar Entertainment released Film date 2009 2 3 runtime 104 minutes country Film US language English budget gross Fat Head is a 2009 American documentary film directed by and starring Tom Naughton . The film seeks to refute both the documentary Super Size Me , a Sundance Film Festival award winning film, and the lipid hypothesis , a bedrock of nutritional science for decades in the United States and much of the Western world. Production Naughton first saw Super Size Me as part of his research into a comedy piece he was working on about prejudice against fat people, saying, I watched ... for thought author Ken Hoffman work Houston Chronicle date 2008 01 14 ref Synopsis In Fat Head Tom ... given by the U.S. government, largely based on the lipid hypothesis , which Fat Head ... that has linked a high fat diet to increased rates of heart disease. During the film several doctors ... does not restrict fat at all. He ends up eating about 100 grams of fat per day, of which about 50 grams are saturated. He also decides to walk six nights a week, instead of his usual ... from 49 to 64. Critical reception Fat Head does not have a critics score at the review aggregator ... m fat head Fat Head . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved April 2, 2012. ref References reflist External links http www.fathead movie.com Fat Head official website http www.fathead movie.com index.php meet the experts Fathead Meet the Experts . IMDb title 1333994 Fat Head http www.hulu.com watch 196879 fat head Fat Head on Hulu Category 2009 films Category 2000s documentary films Category American ... more details
in cis fats, but less well than those in saturated fats. This means that, in general, the melting points of fats increase from cis to trans unsaturated and then to saturated. See the section on Fat ... isomers depending on the geometry of the double bond. Saturated fats have hydrocarbon chains ... 300px Chemical structure of the polyunsaturated fat linoleic acid . Image Linoleic acid3D.png thumb ... . These oils are used to make paints and varnishes . Dietary Sources Polyunsaturated fat can be found ... high amounts of polyunsaturated fat but not monounsaturated fat may increase the risk of metastasis ... title New findings measure precise impact of fat on cancer spread year 2009 ref The researchers ... high amounts of polyunsaturated fat may increase the risk of cancer spreading . The propensity for polyunsaturated ... journal title Diets rich in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolic shifting and cardiac ... Jos ref Studies on animals have shown a link between polyunsaturated fat and the incidence of tumours ... fat, up to about 5 of total energy, near to the middle of the current dietary intake in humans ... lowering effects of unsaturated fats compared to saturated fats Citation needed date April 2011 however ... clear that saturated fats actually cause elevated blood cholesterol levels. ref cite web last Guyenet first Stephen title does dietary saturatedfat increase blood cholesterol? url http wholehealthsource.blogspot.com 2011 01 does dietary saturatedfat increase.html accessdate 13 November 2011 ref Food sources of polyunsaturated fat ref cite web publisher United States Department of Agriculture ... 100g Polyunsaturated fat g Walnuts 47 Sunflower Seeds 33 Sesame Seeds 26 Unsalted Peanuts 16 Peanut ... chemistry.beloit.edu Ordman nutrition ald 0804.htm ref div class noprint Fat composition in different foods div See also Monounsaturated fat For listings of particular classes, see Polyunsaturated fatty ... between 6 and 3 fatty acids Unsaturated fat References reflist External links http ... more details
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