dablink This article talks about the general structure of the production and use of scientificliterature ... and search engines . refimprove date August 2009 Scientificliterature comprises scientific publication ... science s, and within a scientific field is often abbreviated as the literature . Academic publishing is the process of placing the results of one s research into the literature. science Scientific research on original work initially published in scientific journal s is called primary literature .... Types of scientific publications Scientificliterature can include the following kinds of publications scientific articles published in scientific journal s patent s specialized for science and technology ... of previous scientific investigations, by citation of relevant documents in the existing literature ... an essential part of scientificliterature, they re both convenient ways of ensuring ... AD Grey literature UKSG E Resources Management Handbook academic publishing DEFAULTSORT Scientific ... computer software can also be considered primary literature. Secondary source s include articles ... by a government agency such as the NTSB scientific publications on the World Wide Web books, technical ... of these different components of the literature varies between disciplines and has changed ... sciences. The value of publication as a preprint or scientific report on the web has in the past ... of an article The actual day to day records of scientific information are kept in research notebooks ... kept in duplicate, signed, notarized, and archived. The purpose is to preserve the evidence for scientific ... in scientific disputes. Since the availability of computers, the notebooks in some data intensive .... In preparing such an article vigorous rules for scientific writing have to be followed. Clear communication and impact factor see also Impact factor Copy editing Often, scientific advancement depends ... when trying to publish in these journals, regardless of the quality of the scientific study itself ... more details
orphan date June 2010 Infobox journal title The International Catalogue of ScientificLiterature cover editor discipline Science peer reviewed language English language English , French language French , German language German , Italian language Italian publisher Royal Society of London country Great Britain frequency Annual publication Annual history 1902 1921 OCLC 32556927 LCCN 2002252031 The International Catalogue of ScientificLiterature was an annual index covering scientificliterature from all major areas of science. The Catalogue was produced by an international committee and was published by the Royal Society of London . It was published from 1902 1921, and indexed scientificliterature published from 1901 1914. History The idea for an international bibliography of science started with Joseph Henry . The first International Bibliographical Conference was held in London, July 14 17, 1896. ref cite journal author Adler, Cyrus title The International Catalogue of ScientificLiterature journal Science, New Series date 6 August 1897 volume 6 issue 136 pages 184 201 doi 10.1126 science.6.136.184 ref ref cite conference title Fourth Session Dr. Cyrus Adler spoke on The International Catalogue of ScientificLiterature booktitle Papers and Proceedings of the Twenty First General Meeting of the American Library Association pages 126 128 publisher American Library Association date May 9 13, 1899 location Atlanta, Georgia url http books.google.com books?id 0tQDAAAAYAAJ accessdate December 4, 2009 ref ref cite conference last Adler first Cyrus title The International Catalogue of ScientificLiterature booktitle Addresses Delivered at the Library Section of the International Congress ... Conference Oct. 1898 References references DEFAULTSORT International Catalogue Of ScientificLiterature ... assistance was sought from the scientific offices of contributing countries. ref Cite report title ... ref Criticism As Mudge notes, the Catalogue i ndexes a large number of important scientific journals ... more details
Rhetorical modes Scientificliterature Vernacular literature World literature Associations devoted ...pp move indef LiteratureLiterature from Latin litterae plural Letter alphabet letter is the art of write ... sources can also be exempt . The word literature literally means acquaintance with letters and the pars pro toto term letters is sometimes used to signify literature, as in the figure of speech figures of speech arts and letters and man of letters . The four major classifications of literature are poetry , prose , fiction , and non fiction . Literature may comprise of texts based on factual ... , 19th Century Victorian , the Renaissance , the 18th Century Restoration literature Restoration , and 20th Century Modernism . Important political movements that have influenced literature include feminism ... . Literature is also observed in terms of gender, race and nationality, which include Black ... Main History of literature File Old book bindings.jpg thumb 240px Old book bindings at the Merton ... historical periods are reflected in literature. National and tribal sagas, accounts of the origin ... and philosophical literature in early civilizations, resulting in the prevalence of literature ... medium. In ancient China, early literature was primarily focused on philosophy, historiography ... Much of Chinese literature originates with the Hundred Schools of Thought period that occurred during ... e.g. Sima Qian s Records of the Grand Historian . Ancient Chinese literature had a heavy emphasis on historiography ..., and attributed to the blind 5th century BCE historian Zuo Qiuming . In ancient India, literature originated ... drama , Panchatantra fables , sutras and Indian epic poetry epic poetry . Sanskrit literature begins ... . The Vedas are among the Ancient literature oldest sacred texts . The Samhitas vedic collections ... literature. Classical Greek genres included philosophy, poetry , historiography, comedies and drama ... Roman histories and biographies anticipated the extensive mediaeval literature of lives of saints ... more details
Scientific communication is a part of information science and the sociology of science which study researchers use of formal and informal information channels, their communicative roles e.g., gatekeepers , the utilization of the formal publication system and similar issues. See also Science communication Literature Bj rk, B.C. 2005 . A lifecycle model of the scientific communication process. LEARNED PUBLISHING, 18 3 , 165 176. Fjordback S ndergaard, Trine Andersen, Jack & Hj rland, Birger 2003 . Documents and the communication of scientific and scholarly information. Revising and updating the UNISIST model. Journal of Documentation, 59 3 , 278 320. Available at http web.archive.org web 20050320083023 http www.db.dk bh UNISIST.pdf Hurd, J. M. 2000 . The transformation of scientific communication A model for 2020. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51 14 , 1279 1283. Kling, R. & McKim, G. 2000 . Not just a matter of time Field differences and the shaping of electronic media in supporting scientific communication. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE, 51 14 , 1306 1320. Nelson, C. E. & Pollock, D. K. Eds. . 1970 . Communication Among Scientists and Engineers. Lexington, Massachusetts Health Lexington Books. Meadows, A. J. 1974 . Communication in Science. London Butterworths. Meadows, A. J. 1998 . Communicating Research. San Diego, CA Academic Press. Vickery, B. 2000 . Scientific Communication in History. Lanham, MD Scarecrow Press. Wojick, D. E. Warnick, W. L. Carroll, B. C. & Crowe, J. 2006 . The Digital Road to Scientific Knowledge Diffusion. A Faster, Better Way to Scientific Progress? Commentary. D Lib Magazine, 12 6 . Available at http www.dlib.org dlib june06 wojick 06wojick.html Category Information science Category Science studies ... more details
Scientific writing is writing about science . History Scientific writing in English started in the 14th century. ref citation url http books.google.com books?id tIKyquQR1ecC title Medical and scientific writing in late medieval English author Irma Taavitsainen, P ivi Pahta ref The Royal Society established good practice for scientific writing. Founder member Thomas Sprat wrote on the importance of plain and accurate description rather than rhetorical flourishes in his History of the Royal Society of London . Robert Boyle emphasized the importance of not boring the reader with a dull, flat style. ref citation url http books.google.com books?id 0Ns56qzBMIUC&pg PA34 title The scientificliterature author Joseph E. Harmon, Alan G. Gross chapter On Early English Scientific Writing ref Because most scientific journals accept manuscripts only in English, an entire industry has developed to help non native English speaking authors improve their text before submission. It is just now becoming an accepted practice to utilize the benefits of these services. This is making it easier for scientists to focus on their research and still get published in top journals. Citation needed date November 2010 Besides the customary readability tests , software tools relying on Natural Language Processing to analyze text help writer scientists evaluate the quality of their manuscripts prior to submission .... ref Cite web title Scientific Writing Assistant url http cs.joensuu.fi swan date April 2012 .... Some style guides for scientific writing recommend against use of the passive voice , ref Cite ... date 10 March 2010 accessdate 2010 08 05 ref ref Cite web title Duke Scientific Writing Resource ... of Scientific Articles GLISC Impact factor IMRAD structure Introduction, Method, Result and Discussion Parenthetical referencing Peer review ScientificliteratureScientific method academic publishing References Reflist Use dmy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Scientific Writing Category ... more details
, digitally restored. Scientific romance is an archaic term for the genre of fiction now commonly known as science fiction . The term originated in the 1850s to describe both fiction and elements of scientific ... style, as a homage or pastiche of the original scientific romances. History Early usages The earliest usage of the term scientific romance is thought to be in 1845, by critics describing Robert Hunt s Vestiges ... fiction romances of science and scientific romances Before Science Fiction Romances of Science and Scientific ... to Honor de Balzac Balzac s Ursule Mirouet as a scientific romance of mesmerism. ref http quod.lib.umich.edu m moajrnl acf2679.0028.002 85 20?rgn full text view image q1 scientific romance Southern Literary Messenger A Magazine Devoted to Literature, Science and Art , Balzac , H.T. Tuckerman ... a scientific principle considered by the writer to be fanciful, such as in 1855 s The Principles of Metaphysical ..., than the scientific romance, now generally repudiated by all rational inquirers, which represents it as necessarily ... of scientific and philosophical essays under the title Scientific Romances . ref http archive.org stream scientificroman01hintgoog page n6 mode 2up Hinton, Charles 1884 , Scientific Romances , W. Swan Sonnenschein & Co. OpenLibrary.org, accessed March 24, 2012 ref Twentieth Century Scientific ... century, as seen in the anthologies Under the Moons of Mars A History and Anthology of The Scientific ... and Anthology of The Scientific Romance in the Munsey Magazines, 1912 1920 , Holt Rinehart Winston, 978 0030818585 ref and Scientific Romance in Britain 1890 1950 . ref Stableford, Brian 1985 , Scientific ... de l infini and La fin du monde have both been described as scientific romances. ref http www.daviddarling.info ... society continues to refer to his work as scientific romances today. ref http hgwellsusa.50megs.com ... 1912 is also sometimes seen as a major work of scientific romance, ref http voyagesextraordinaires.blogspot.com.au 2012 02 1912 zenith of scientific romances.html Voyages Extraordinaire , 1912 Zenith ... more details
Or see Scientific terminology . In computer programming , a scientific language is a programming language optimized for the use of mathematical formula s and matrix mathematics matrices . Though these functions can be performed using any language, they are more easily expressed in scientific languages. Scientific languages include ALGOL , FORTRAN , and APL programming language APL . Scientific language must be grammatically correct giving an concise and correct information. References http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t scientific language&i 50874,00.asp Category Programming paradigms Compu lang stub ... more details
Image Atmosphere composition diagram.jpg thumb 320px Example of scientific modelling. A schematic of chemical and transport processes related to atmospheric composition. Scientific modelling is the process ... model mathematical models. Science offers a growing collection of Scientific method methods , techniques and theory about all kinds of specialized scientific modelling. A scientific model can provide ... and inseparable part of all scientific activity, and many scientific disciplines have their own ideas about specific types of modelling. There is an increasing attention for scientific modelling ref ... attention and are probing the assorted roles that models play in scientific practice . Source Frigg ... . Overview File MathModel.svg right A scientific model seeks to represent empiricism empirical objects ... to the scientific enterprise. Complete and true representation may be impossible see non representational theory , but scientific debate often concerns which is the better model for a given task, e.g. ... system mirror or map the real world only insofar as these scientific models are true. ref ... being represented. Such computer models are in silico . Other types of scientific model are in vivo ... Scientific modelling basics Modelling as a substitute for direct measurement and experimentation Models ... conditions see Scientific Method will always be more reliable than modelled estimates of outcomes ... of entities. From a child s verbal description of a snowflake, to the detailed scientific analysis ... methods of technical drawing for engineering and scientific purposes. Types of scientific .... Is there a resolution to this conflict? One application of scientific modelling is the field ... and descriptive geometry topics List of graphical methods Modelling language Scientific visualization ... Further reading Nowadays there are some 40 magazines about scientific modelling which offer all kinds ... about specific forms of scientific modelling. There is also a lot of discussion about scientific modelling ... more details
Scientific philosophy may refer to Logical empiricism Experimental philosophy For philosophical issues raised by science, see philosophy of science . disambig ... more details
Barloworld Scientific Ltd. was the of United Kingdom UK s largest manufacturer s of scientific equipment and laboratory supplies. In 2007, the company was purchased by Nova Capital Ltd and now trades under the names SciLabware Limited glassware , and reusable plastics , Bibby Scientific benchtop scientific equipment , Bibby Sterlin Ltd. single use disposable plasticware and Carbolite furnaces , ovens & Incubator culture incubators . External links http www.Barloworld Scientific.com Company website http www.Carbolite.com Carbolite website http www.bibby scientific.com Bibby Scientific website http www.scilabware.com SciLabware Limited website Category Technology companies of the United Kingdom Category Research support companies Category Laboratory equipment manufacturers UK company stub fi Barloworld Scientific ... more details
here Scientific method refers to a body of Scientific technique techniques for investigating phenomenon ... Goldhaber 2010 page 940 harvnb Goldhaber Nieto 2010 page 940 ref To be termed scientific, a method ... pp 794 6 , from Book 3 , The System of the World . ref The Oxford English Dictionary says that scientific ... of Hypothesis hypotheses . ref Oxford English Dictionary entry for scientific . ref The chief characteristic which distinguishes a scientific method of inquiry from other methods of acquiring ... features distinguish scientific inquiry from other methods of obtaining knowledge. Scientific researchers ... against mistake or confusion in any particular experimenter. Scientific theory Theories that encompass ... into context. Scientific inquiry is generally intended to be as objectivity science objective as possible, to reduce biased interpretations of results. Another basic expectation is to document, Scientific ... limit 3 Introduction to scientific method See also History of scientific method Timeline of the history of scientific method style float right cellspacing 0 File Ibn al Haytham.png thumb 150px Ibn ... by some to be the father of modern scientific methodology. ref name Alhazen Image Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg thumb 150px Modern science owes its present flourishing state to a new scientific method ... through explanatory hypotheses ref Peirce, C. S., Collected Papers v. 1, paragraph 74. ref Scientific ... steps of induction every step in scientific method . It is not enough to base scientific method .... harvnb Born 1949 p 6 ref multiple steps are needed in scientific method, ranging from our experience ... Godfrey Smith 2003 p. 236. ref for scientific method was formulated for a more formal discussion, see Scientific method Elements of scientific method below div style padding left 1.25em text indent ... e.g., p. 58, devotes his chapter 5 to the error of confirmation . ref div This model underlies the scientific ... this simple view of scientific method is incomplete the formulation of the conjecture might itself ... more details
Carl Sagan, originator of the expression scientific skepticism Scientific skepticism American and British ... , and it is sometimes referred to as skeptical inquiry . The term scientific skepticism appears ... pages 320 url doi isbn 0 345 37918 7 ref Scientific skepticism is different from philosophical skepticism ... we perceive it. Scientific skepticism primarily uses deductive argument s to evaluate claims which lack a suitable evidential basis. The New Skepticism described by Paul Kurtz is scientific skepticism ... 766 3 ref Overview Scientific skeptics believe that empirical investigation of reality leads to the truth , and that the scientific method is best suited to this purpose. Considering the rigor of the scientific ... not mean that the scientific skeptic is necessarily a scientist who conducts live experiments ... likely to be true based on testable hypotheses and critical thinking . Scientific skeptics attempt ... to be implausible, dubious or clearly contradictory to generally accepted science . Scientific skeptics ... in their favor before they could be accepted as having validity. From a scientific point of view .... Skepticism is part of the scientific method for instance an experimental result is not regarded as established ... authorlink coauthors title What is the scientific method? work publisher year 1998 url http physics.ucr.edu ... , and so an ability to balance critical thinking with an appreciation for Scientific consensus consensus ..., some proponents of repressed memories apply the scientific method carefully, and have even ... Cambridge, MA isbn 0 674 06805 X ref though the theories have not received complete scientific ... Can J Psychiatry volume 50 issue 13 pages 817 22 year 2005 pmid 16483114 doi ref Empirical or scientific ... skeptical literature questions include health claims surrounding certain foods, procedures ... conspiracy theories , and other claims the skeptic sees as unlikely to be true on scientific grounds ... of a preconceived ideological position . Scientific skepticism is itself sometimes criticized ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 Liberalism sidebar Scientific politics was a late 19th century political theory based on the positivism positivist philosophy of Auguste Comte . Proponents of scientific politics advocated a society and political system that was to be organized in accordance with the laws of nature. Scientific politics was considered to be a sort of liberalism , more specifically conservative liberalism . Proponents of scientific politics rejected liberal jacobinism , and sought to replace revolution with evolution . They rejected classical liberal notions like individual rights , natural law and constitutionalism as metaphysics metaphysical and disruptive to social and political evolution. They were willing to sacrifice political liberties such as universal suffrage in order to foster Social order order and social and political progress, which were considered prerequisites for the existence of liberty . Nonetheless proponents of scientific politics didn t consider themselves to be opponents of liberalism, but rather its heirs. They shared the liberal views in support of republicanism , secularism and the importance of progress. Some, but not all, proponents of scientific politics also espoused social darwinism . Most proponents of scientific politics could be found in France , Spain and Latin America . The rule of Porfirio D az in Mexico and Juan Vicente G mez in Venezuela was justified by their supporters using the theories of scientific politics. The national motto of Brazil , Order and Progress Ordem e Progresso , was one of the main adages of scientific politics. DEFAULTSORT Scientific Politics Category Political theories Poli stub ... more details
Science Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly method scholarly conduct and ethics ethical behavior in professional science scientific research . A The Lancet Lancet review on Handling of Scientific Misconduct in Scandinavian countries provides the following sample ... September 2009 cite ref Danish definition Intention or gross negligence leading to fabrication of the scientific .... The consequences of scientific misconduct can be severe at a personal level for both perpetrators ... findings. Motivation to commit scientific misconduct According to David Goodstein of Caltech , there are motivators ... journal last1 Goodstein first1 David year January February 2002 title Scientific misconduct journal ... of high profile scientific papers. Hence, there is a strong imperative to publish or perish . Clearly ... scientific fields, results are often difficult to reproduce accurately, being obscured by noise ... with others in the same field. There are no scientific police who are trained to fight scientific .... ref cite doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0005738 ref Forms of scientific misconduct The U.S. National Science ... 07 30 ref Arguably, this is the most common type of scientific misconduct. Sometimes it is difficult ... with different titles and or in different journals is sometimes also considered misconduct scientific ... of misconduct. In some cases, scientific misconduct may also constitute violations of the law ... form of scientific misconduct. ref Wired Magazine , March 2004 ref However the ORI will only investigate ... Journal Editors COJE can only police their own members. The validity of the methods and results of scientific ... themselves with the help of peers if a scientific paper s ethical standards are met. Responsibility of authors and of coauthors Authors and coauthors of scientific publications have a variety of responsibilities. Contravention of the rules of scientific authorship may lead to a charge of scientific ... findings submitted to academic journals for publication. Simultaneous submission of scientific findings ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Magazine title The Scientific Monthly image file Scientific Monthly Oct 1915 Cover.png image size image caption First issue, October 1915 editor James McKeen Cattell frequency Monthly category Science company The Science Press publisher James McKeen Cattell firstdate October 1915 finaldate 1957 country USA language English Scientific Monthly was a science magazine published from 1915 to 1957. Psychologist James McKeen Cattell was the original founder and editor. In 1957 Scientific Monthly was absorbed by Science journal Science . DEFAULTSORT Scientific Monthly Category Monthly magazines Category Publications established in 1915 Category Publications disestablished in 1957 Sci mag stub ... more details
Infobox OS name Scientific Linux logo Image Scientific linux logo.svg 100px Scientific Linux logo screenshot Image ScientificLinux60.png 250px caption Scientific Linux 6.0 s default GNOME desktop collapsible yes developer Fermilab Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN family Unix like source model Free and open source software released 10 May 2004 latest release version 6.2, 5.8 latest release date release date 2012 02 15 , release date 2012 04 24 marketing target Scientific purpose High Performance Computing Server computing Server s Desktop computer Desktop s Citation needed date July 2010 kernel type Monolithic kernel Monolithic Linux kernel ... updatemodel Yellow dog Updater, Modified Yum PackageKit Scientific Linux SL is a Linux distribution ... www.scientificlinux.org documentation faq general1 Scientific Linux General Questions about Scientific ... and initial release. The first official release was on May 10, 2004. At the release of Scientific Linux 3.0.1, CERN joined in the collaboration and became co developers of Scientific Linux. The name Scientific Linux is actually a misnomer , in that it does not contain scientific software and was named instead for the labs that make it. Release history Historical releases of Scientific Linux are the following ... roadmap class wikitable Scientific Linux Release Architectures RHEL base Scientific Linux release ... distribution on which Scientific Linux is based CentOS , another distribution based on Red Hat Enterprise ... cluster computing cluster s. References references External links https www.scientificlinux.org Scientific Linux Homepage DistroWatch scientific NAME Scientific Linux http linux.web.cern.ch linux CERN ... software ar cs Scientific Linux de Scientific Linux es Scientific Linux fr Scientific Linux it Scientific Linux hu Scientific Linux nl Scientific Linux ja Scientific Linux pl Scientific Linux ro Scientific Linux ru Scientific Linux sv Scientific Linux tr Scientific linux zh Scientific Linux ... more details
Infobox company company name Boston Scientific company logo Image Bostonscientificlogo.png 150px company ... small ref name 2010IncomeStatmenent wikinvest stock Boston Scientific BSX Data Income Statement Boston Scientific BSX annual SEC income statement filing via Wikinvest. ref operating income loss United ... US 22.1B small FY 2010 small ref name 2010BalanceSheet wikinvest stock Boston Scientific BSX Data Balance Sheet Boston Scientific BSX annual SEC balance sheet filing via Wikinvest. ref equity decrease ... www.bostonscientific.com The Boston Scientific Corporation nyse BSX abbreviated ... , vascular surgery , endoscopy , oncology , urology and gynecology . Boston Scientific is well known .... Boston Scientific s main competitors are Johnson & Johnson , Medtronic , and St. Jude Medical . On April ... of Boston Scientific publisher Associated Press date January 25, 2006 url http www.msnbc.msn.com id 11018335 accessdate 2008 02 11 ref ref cite web title Boston Scientific Completes Combination with Guidant ... 2008 02 11 Boston Scientific s press release on the acquisition. ref Navilyst Medical was formed in February 2008 from Boston Scientific s Fluid Management and Vascular Access business units. ref cite web title Boston Scientific Spin off Aiming to Tap Veins Without Causing Infections date August 5, 2008 url http www.xconomy.com boston 2008 08 05 navilyst medical boston scientific spin off aiming ... , 14 August 2011, p. 1. ref Notes reflist External links http www.bostonscientific.com Boston Scientific official web site . http biz.yahoo.com ic 15 15683.html Yahoo Boston Scientific Corporation Company Profile . http www.gstock.com quote bsx.html Boston Scientific stock performance chart from GStock http www.boston.com business globe articles 2005 05 17 gamble wins big at boston scientific stent maker soars despite major recall Gamble wins big at Boston Scientific , boston.com. Category Manufacturing ... companies of the United States Category Natick, Massachusetts de Boston Scientific it Boston Scientific ... more details
The Scientific Activist is a blog that covers science , politics , and science policy, run by Nick Anthis , a graduate student in biochemistry and Rhodes Scholar at the University of Oxford . The Scientific Activist gained international recognition in February 2006 when it published information that led to the immediate resignation of George W. Bush administration Bush Administration NASA appointee George Deutsch . ref name deutsch post Nick Anthis, http scientificactivist.blogspot.com 2006 02 breaking news george deutsch did not.html Breaking News George Deutsch Did Not Graduate from Texas A&M University , The Scientific Activist , February 6, 2006 ref ref name NYT Andrew C. Revkin, http www.nytimes.com 2006 02 08 politics 08nasa.html?ex 1297054800&en 9770cf71c58cfd89&ei 5090&partner rssuserland&emc rss A Young Bush Appointee Resigns His Post at NASA , New York Times , February 8, 2006 ref Deutsch&mdash who had been accused of censoring scientific information at NASA&mdash claimed to have ..., completed his degree there. The Scientific Activist was founded on January 11, 2006, and was originally ... 2006 01 what is scientific activist.html What is a Scientific Activist? , The Scientific ... oxford scientists bite back at animal.html Oxford Scientist Bite Back at Animal Rights Activists , The Scientific Activist , February 26, 2006 ref On June 9, 2006, The Scientific Activist moved to ScienceBlogs ... day for scientific activist.html It s Moving Day for The Scientific Activist post from original site , The Scientific Activist , June 9, 2006 see also http scienceblogs.com scientificactivist 2006 06 June 2006 archives new site ref In July 2006, The Scientific Activist was named one of Nature journal ... references External links http scienceblogs.com scientificactivist The Scientific Activist , current site http scientificactivist.blogspot.com The Scientific Activist , original site archives January 11&mdash June 21, 2006 DEFAULTSORT Scientific Activist, The Category Science blogs Category Blogs ... more details
Yale Scientific Magazine is published quarterly by undergraduate Yale University students since 1894. It was founded at the Sheffield Scientific School and was the first student magazine devoted to the sciences. It is currently the nation s oldest collegiate science quarterly. Until 1927 it was called Yale Sheffield Monthly . http www.eng.yale.edu eng150 timeline 1921.html Currently with over 100 students involved in all aspects of the magazine which include writing, editorial, production, art, multimedia, website, and business teams and about 2,000 subscribers around the world, Yale Scientific Magazine is expanding its initiatives on campus, online, and in the New Haven community. Article topics covered by this publication range from tissue engineered vascular grafts to the effects of cyclones on global warming to the science of art restoration, as Yale Scientific Magazine covers all realms of science, math, and engineering at Yale and beyond. As the premier science publication on campus, Yale Scientific Magazine continues its mission to serve the Yale community by presenting the scientific, medical, and engineering activities at the University in an honest and unbiased manner. External links http research.yale.edu ysm Yale Scientific homepage Category American magazines Category Science and technology magazines Category Yale University sci mag stub ... more details
Book Agency See also Category World Scientific academic journals Journals published by World Scientific ... in 1981 Category Companies based in Singapore he World Scientific ... more details
A scientific controversy may be a fundamental disagreement among scientists about the validity of a major theory, a secondary scientific controversy , i.e., scientists disagreeing about a less central aspect of a scientific idea. ref name berkeley http undsci.berkeley.edu article 0 0 0 sciencetoolkit 06 ref quote A true scientific controversy involves a sustained debate within the broader scientific community McMullin, 1987 ref McMullin, E., 1987, Scientific controversy and its termination, in Jr., H.T.E., and Caplan, A.L., eds., Scientific controversies Case studies in resolution and closure of disputes in science and technology Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. ref . In other words, a significant number of people must be actively engaged in research that addresses the controversy over time. ref name egger carpi http www.visionlearning.com library module viewer.php?mid 181 ref quote True scientific controversy ... is healthy and involves disagreements over how data should be interpreted, over which ideas are best supported by the available evidence, and over which ideas are worth investigating further. ref name berkeley Anne E. Egger said, Controversies cause progress in science by encouraging research on the topic in question. ref name egger carpi List of scientific controversies Race and intelligence ADHD see Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder controversies Biopsychiatry controversy Labeling theory Atomic theory Atomic theory controversy The atomic theory in 19th century chemistry String theory Pfiesteria shumwayae toxicity and life cycle The existence of mantle plume s Abraham Minkowski controversy , a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media. Standard Model of cosmology Drake equation , several terms in the equation are largely or entirely based on conjecture Extraterrestrial life the relationship between tropical storms ... Cold fusion Food irradiation HPV immunization See also Scientific method References reflist category ... more details
refimprove date May 2010 Scientific progress is the idea that science increases its problem solving ability through the application of some scientific method . Discontinuous Model of Scientific Progress Several Philosophy of Science Philosophers of Science have supported arguments that the progress of science is discontinuous. In that case, progress is not a continuous accumulation, but rather a revolutionary process where brand new ideas are adopted and old ideas become abandoned. Thomas Kuhn was a major proponent of this model of scientific progress, as explained in his book The Structure of Scientific ... paradigm. A discontinuous model of scientific progress may disagree with a philosophical realism ... referred to may change wildly. History of Science as a Model of Scientific Progress Another model of Scientific Progress, as put forward by Richard Boyd , and others, is History of Science as a model of scientific progress. In short, methods in science are produced which are used to produce scientific theories, which then are used to produce more methods, which are then used to produce more theories and so on. Note that this does not conflict with a continuous or discontinuous model of scientific ... did not concern themselves with gaining knowledge in any systematic way, and thus the concept of scientific ... not engage in the scientific method . Even if some esoteric traditions may have involved themselves ... in connection with the art of warfare. Quotes on Scientific Progress Dr. Terry Halwes wrote What is required for scientific progress is mainly ordinary curiosity, ordinary awareness, ordinary ... Popper wrote in The Logic of Scientific Discovery The wrong view of science betrays itself in the craving ... terrible truth.htm See also The Relativity of Wrong essay by Isaac Asimov which concerns scientific progress External links http plato.stanford.edu entries scientific progress Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry Category Scientific method ar es Progreso cient fico fr Progr s scientifique ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A Scientist scientific celebrity is a person who gains celebrity status in the media by representing their own scientific interests. Such promotion can be self serving in nature, can be at the behest of governmental or corporate interests or even to promote the science involved. With every new scientific discovery various people have long been known for their contributions to knowledge, medicine and methods of transportation. Although this phenomenon has undergone a recent upsurgence coincidental with the rise of celebrity culture , it is by no means new and the list of scientific celebrities is long. Many other people have become known to the public as a result of media promotion. Heads of state, heads of governmental units and religious leaders have long enjoyed this attention in representing interests other than their own. Media celebrities Some television presenter s such as Richard Attenborough , Patrick Moore and David Attenborough have scientific qualifications, but they are primarily known for their own presentations of scientific topics rather than their contributions to the advance of scientific knowledge. Additionally, some celebrities are known for their roles in the media but not for their work in science, for example Mayim Bialik , Child star from television show, Blossom who has a PhD in neuroscience . For a list of persons who have made major discoveries in the field of science, see the articles for specific areas of scientific knowledge and discovery. See also Brian Cox physicist Brian Cox Albert Einstein Marie Curie Carl Sagan William Buckland Richard Dawkins Stephen Jay Gould Brian Greene Susan Greenfield Stephen Hawking Martin Rees Kevin Warwick Michael Ignatieff Steve Irwin Michio Kaku Bill Nye Neil deGrasse Tyson Desmond Morris DEFAULTSORT Scientific Celebrity Category Science in society Category Celebrity ... more details
Multiple issues disputed June 2011 essay June 2011 refimprove October 2009 A scientific law is a statement that explains what something does in science. A scientific law must always apply under the same conditions, and implies a causal relationship between its elements. The law must be confirmed and broadly agreed upon through the process of inductive reasoning . As well, scientific fact factual and well confirmed statements like Mercury is liquid at standard temperature and pressure are considered to be too specific to qualify as scientific laws. A central problem in the philosophy of science , going back to David Hume , is that of distinguishing scientific laws from principles that arise merely accidentally because of the constant conjunction of one thing and another. ref Citation contribution Laws, natural or scientific editor last Honderich editor first Bike title Oxford Companion to Philosophy pages 474 476 publisher Oxford University Press place Oxford year 1995 isbn 0 19 866132 0 ref Law differs from a scientific theory in that it does not posit a mechanism or explanation of phenomena it is merely a distillation of the results of repeated observation. As such, a law is limited in applicability to circumstances resembling those already observed, and is often found to be false when extrapolated. Ohm s law only applies to linear networks, Newton s law of universal gravitation ... s law only applies to strain physics strain below the elastic limit , etc. The term scientific ... required ref An example of a scientific law in social sciences is Zipf s law . Laws can become obsolete ... Laws of science Scientific method Scientific theory Theory References reflist philosophy of science Category Scientific method Category Philosophy of science Category Principles science stub bs Nau ni zakon cs V deck z kon el io Lego ciencala id Hukum ilmiah ia Lege scientific ht Lwa syans la Lex scientifica ru simple Scientific law ckb fi Tieteellinen ... more details
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