Scientific teaching is a pedagogy pedagogical approach used in undergraduate science classrooms whereby teaching and learning is approached with the same rigor as science itself. According to a 2004 Policy Forum in Science journal Science magazine, scientific teaching involves active learning strategies to engage students in the process of science and teaching methods that have been systematically tested and shown to reach diverse students. ref Jo Handelsman, Diane Ebert May, Robert Beichner, Peter Bruns, Amy Chang, Robert DeHaan, Jim Gentile, Sarah Lauffer, James Stewart, Shirley M. Tilghman, and William B. Wood. 2004 . http scientificteaching.wisc.edu documents ScientificTeaching.pdf Scientific Teaching . Science 304 5670, 23 April , 521 522. ref The 2007 volume Scientific Teaching ref Jo Handelsman, Sarah Miller, and Christine Pfund. 2007 . http scientificteaching.wisc.edu books.htm Scientific Teaching . Madison, WI Englewood, CO and New York The Wisconsin Program for Scientific Teaching, Roberts & Company, and W.H. Freeman. ref lists three major tenets of scientific teaching blockquote Active learning A process in which students are actively engaged in learning. It may include inquiry based learning, cooperative learning, or student centered learning. Assessment Tools for measuring ... in the classroom. The SCALE UP learning environment is an example of applying the scientific teaching approach. In practice, scientific teaching employs a backward design approach. The instructor ... student learning through scientific discovery. ref D. Ebert May and J. Hodder. 2008 http www.sinauer.com detail.php?id 2221 Pathways to Scientific Teaching . Sinauer Associates, Inc. ref References Reflist External links http scientificteaching.wisc.edu Wisconsin Program for Scientific Teaching http scientificteaching.wisc.edu books.htm Scientific Teaching by Jo Handelsman Handelsman , Miller, and Pfund ... Education in Biology http www.sinauer.com detail.php?id 2221 Pathways to Scientific Teaching ... more details
Refimprove date October 2009 Cleanup date October 2009 Scientific realism is, at the most general level ... talked about by scientific theory theories . Generally, those who are scientific realists assert ... status as observables, as opposed to instrumentalism . Main features of scientific realism Scientific ... scientific theory an ideal theory is the sort of theory science aims to produce. Second, it is the commitment ... has done pretty well thus far in some domains. It is important to note that one might be a scientific ... and sociology. According to scientific realism, an ideal scientific theory has the following ... of scientific realism. The entities described by the scientific theory exist objectively and mind independently. This is the metaphysics metaphysical commitment of scientific realism. There are reasons ... commitment. Combining the first and the second claim entails that an ideal scientific theory ... to believe that the things said about these entities are true. Scientific realism usually holds that science makes progress, i.e. scientific theories usually get successively better, or, rather, answer more and more questions. For this reason, many people, scientific realist or otherwise, hold that realism ... like the ideal theory that scientific realists describe. Characteristic claims The following claims are typical of those held by scientific realists. Due to the wide disagreements over the nature of science s success and the role of realism in its success, a scientific realist would agree with some but not all of the following positions. ref citation title Scientific Realism author Jarrett Leplin ...?id UFCpopYlB9EC&lpg PA189&pg PA1 v onepage&f false page 1 ref The best scientific theories are at least ... expressions that do not have a reference, a scientific theory may be approximately true. Scientific theories are in a historical process of progress towards a true account of the physical world. Scientific theories make genuine, existential claims Theoretical claims of scientific theories should ... more details
Multiple issues newsrelease January 2008 primarysources February 2008 no footnotes February 2008 Thomson Scientific was one of the five operating divisions of The Thomson Corporation until 2008. Following the merger of Thomson with Reuters to form Thomson Reuters in 2008, it became the Scientific business unit of the new company. In 2009, the Scientific business came together with the Healthcare business to form the Healthcare & Science business of Thomson Reuters. The Science unit provides information based solutions for the academic, business and R&D communities. The Science business of Thomson Reuters has headquarters in Philadelphia , London, Singapore and Tokyo with about 2,400 staff in more than 20 countries. The Science business of Thomson Reuters provides integrated information solutions with brands like Aureka , Delphion, Derwent World Patents Index DWPI , EndNote , Horizon Global, Horizon Sourcing, IDdb, IDRAC, IP Management Services, ISI Web of Knowledge , MicroPatent PatentWeb, Techstreet Industry Standards, ThomsonPharma, IDDB, Thomson Regulatory Solutions, and Web of Science . See also Institute for Scientific Information External links http www.thomsonreuters.com business units scientific Website of the Scientific unit of Thomson Reuters Category Thomson family science stub med company stub ... more details
Infobox company company name Eurofins Scientific type Public euronext ERF company logo Image Eurofins Scientific logo.png 200px Logo d Eurofins Scientific foundation 1987 industry Laboratory Analysis num employees 10,000 2011 Revenue 1.1 billion 2010 homepage http www.eurofins.com www.eurofins.com Eurofins is an international group of Laboratory laboratories providing testing and support services to the pharmaceutical , food , Environmental management environmental and consumer products industries and to governments. Eurofins employs about 10,000 employees across 150 sites in 30 countries and has about US 1.1 billion annual revenues 2010 . The Eurofins Group offers a portfolio of over 100,000 reliable analytical methods for characterising the safety, identity, purity, composition, authenticity and origin of products and biological substance s. Through research and development, in licensing and acquisitions, the Group draws on the latest developments in the field of biotechnology and Analytical chemistry analytical science s. External links references http www.eurofins.com Eurofins.com http www.eurofins.com en about us laboratory contacts.aspx Worldwide Eurofins laboratory contact list http www.esffg2010.org index.asp Eurofins exhibiting at Functional Genomics and Disease 2010 http www.eurofins.com en about us our history.aspx Short History of Eurofins Scientific CAC Mid 60 Category Companies of France Category Research organizations Category Article Feedback 5 de Eurofins Scientific fr Eurofins Scientific sv Eurofins ... more details
Use mdy dates date September 2010 orphan date September 2010 Infobox company name Midland Scientific Inc type Private company foundation 1975 location Omaha, Nebraska Omaha , Nebraska, United States key people Vivian L. Pappel br small President small industry Laboratory products distributor products Chemicals, reagents, measurement equipment, instrumentation homepage http www.midlandsci.com Midland Scientific a woman owned ref cite web url http www.nwboc.org section current newsletter publisher National Women Business Owners Corporation accessdate August 10, 2009 title WBE s Leave No Stone Unturned date May 2009 ref , full line laboratory products distributor with offices in Nebraska and Iowa ref cite web url http www.qmcpa.com downloads newsletter inside 050908.pdf publisher Quick and McFarlin accessdate August 10, 2009 title MSI Finds Formula For Success date May 9, 2008 ref . Midland Scientific is a provider of laboratory supplies such as chemicals, reagents , solutions , glassware ... and laboratory consumables. Midland Scientific serves the industrial, educational, ethanol ref cite ..., Dakotas, Illinois, Wisconsin, Kansas and Missouri. Midland Scientific supplies a very diverse ..., Nebraska and Davenport, Iowa . Midland Scientific is headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska and serves customers across North America. History Midland Scientific was founded on April 1, 1975 in Omaha, NE . Former employees of Mallinckrodt and Monsanto of St Louis, MO partnered to form Midland Scientific ... Midwest . A warehouse and office were opened in Davenport, IA in 1977. In 2004, Midland Scientific became woman owned. Midland Scientific originally sold only Mallinckrodt Laboratory chemicals. Today, Midland Scientific has grown into a full line distributor of laboratory equipment, supplies and chemicals, representing over 200 manufacturers. Midland Scientific has expanded to include a diverse ... links http www.midlandsci.com Midland Scientific Inc official website Category Companies based ... more details
Scientific medicine , as a descriptive term, applies to the form of medicine derived from the Flexnerian medicine Flexnerian reformation of medical education and the Germ theory of disease germ theory in the early 1900s . ref Cite book last Jonas first Wayne B. authorlink title Mosby s dictionary of complementary and alternative medicine url http books.google.com books?id OpVqAAAAMAAJ accessdate 2010 04 25 year 2005 publisher Mosby location isbn 9780323025164 page pages 519 quote quoted at Cite web url http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com scientific medicine title scientific medicine work The Free Dictionary publisher thefreedictionary.com accessdate 2010 04 25 quote scientific medicine, n a term used to describe the form of medicine derived from the Flexnerian reformation of medical education and the germ theory in the early 1900s. Jonas Mosby s Dictionary of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. c 2005, Elsevier. ref Romano discusses the rise of the importance of science in medicine in the late 19th century, observing that the previous generation had also considered its own medicine scientific ... In many ways the term scientific medicine was a successful attempt to garner allies no one championed unscientific medicine. The meanings of scientific medicine changed over time ... I t was in various disputes that the ambiguity and broadness of the term scientific medicine became most evident. ref Title Making medicine scientific John Burdon Sanderson and the culture of Victorian science Making Medicine Scientific Author Terrie M. Romano Edition illustrated Publisher JHU Press, 2002 ISBN 0801868971, 9780801868979 Length 225 pages p 7 http books.google.co.uk books?id SfwibeKYOvgC Cite book last Romano first Terrie M. authorlink title Making medicine scientific John ... 7 pages 225 quote ref Some contemporary usage contrasts scientific medicine in the sense of mainstream ... ... I n the paradigm that we now call conventional scientific medicine, dilution of a therapeutic substance ... more details
Scientific consensus is the collective judgment, position, and opinion of the scientific community community of scientist s in a Scientific discipline particular field of study. Consensus implies general agreement, though not necessarily unanimity . Scientific consensus is not by itself a scientific argument, and it is not part of the scientific method . Nevertheless, consensus may be based on both scientific arguments and the scientific method. ref http www.greenfacts.org glossary abc consensus.htm ... and Peter Bearman, http asr.sagepub.com content 75 6 817.full.pdf html The Temporal Structure of Scientific ... December 2010. ref On occasion, scientific institutes issue position statements intended to communicate a summary of the science from the inside to the outside of the scientific community. In cases ... is can be quite straightforward. Scientific consensus may be invoked in popular or political debate ... the scientific community, such as evolution ref Cite web title Statement on the Teaching of Evolution ... and historical theories as to how scientific consensus changes over time. Because the history of scientific change is extremely complicated, and because there is a tendency to project winners and losers onto the past in relation to our current scientific consensus, it is very difficult to come up with accurate and rigorous models for scientific change. ref name Pickering 1993 Cite book last ... of scientific change rely on new data produced by scientific experiment . The philosopher Karl Popper proposed that since no amount of experiments could ever prove a scientific theory, but a single experiment could disprove one, all scientific progress should be based on a process of falsifiability ... name PopperLSR Cite book last Popper first Karl Raimund authorlink Karl Popper title The Logic of Scientific ... alone did not result in scientific change or an undermining of scientific consensus. He proposed that scientific ... field. Kuhn argued that only after the accumulation of many significant anomalies would scientific ... more details
Science Scientific enterprise refers to science based project s developed by, or in cooperation with, private entrepreneur s. For example, in the Age of Exploration , leaders like Henry the Navigator founded schools of navigation, from which stemmed voyages of exploration. Examples of enterprising scientific organizations Each of the organizations listed below, have the ability to conduct scientific research on an extended basis, involving multiple researchers over an extended time. Generally, the research is funded not only for the science itself, but for some application which shows promise for the enterprise. But the researchers, if left to their own choices, will tend to follow their research interest, which is essential for the long term health of their chosen field. Note that a successful scientific enterprise is not equivalent to a successful high tech enterprise or to a successful business enterprise, but that they form an ecology, a Process of scientific change, or progress food chain . The Max Planck Institute The RAND Corporation founded as a research corporation . Did groundbreaking work in the field of artificial intelligence The Jet Propulsion Laboratory , founded by Theodore von K rm n Bell Laboratories is renowned for the quality of its scientific work. Xerox PARC company PARC is a research organization which has also spawned innovations such as the graphical user interface and SRI International SRI , where the computer mouse was invented, were explicitly founded with a research basis. IBM Research Hughes Research Laboratories was the location of the invention of the first working laser. The Howard Hughes Medical Institute See also Science of science policy SoSP References The Public Library of Science PLoS is an open content scientific journal. See New York Times June 26, 2004 p.A15. Other open content journals are listed in the article. Andrew Joseph ..., History, and Other Passions John Ziman, Reliable Knowledge Category heuristics Category scientific ... more details
Gerber Scientific Inc. NYSE GRB , located in Tolland, Connecticut , is the parent of companies which provide end to end customer solutions Clarify me date December 2008 to the world s sign making and specialty graphics, ophthalmic lens processing, and apparel and flexible materials industries. They also supply purpose built software to integrate with their hardware systems. The original company, called Gerber Scientific Instrument Co., was founded in 1948 by Joseph Gerber . Companies include Gerber Scientific Products which builds Sign Making and specialty graphics systems Spandex company Spandex which supplies sign making and digital print hardware, software and materials Gerber Technology which builds and supplies apparel and flexible material systems and Gerber Coburn which builds and supplies Ophthalmic Lens processing systems. As of January 1, 2011 Gerber Coburn had become Coburn Technologies, a stand alone entity. Gerber Systems Corporation, which builds systems for the PCB and graphic arts industries. It was sold to Barco NV in 1998. The PCB operation is now part of Ucamco . External links http www.gerberscientific.com about gerber history.htm History of Gerber Scientific http invention.smithsonian.org resources fa gerber index.aspx Gerber Scientific Instrument Company Records, 1911 1998 Jerome and Dorothy Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation at Smithsonian Institution s National Museum of American History http www.answers.com topic gerber scientific inc Hoover s profile of Gerber Scientific company history http sirismm.si.edu archivcenter findingaids AC0929.pdf Gerber Scientific collection at Smithsonian http museum.mit.edu 150 86 Has several links including history of MIT Servo Lab Category Companies based in Hartford County, Connecticut Category South Windsor, Connecticut US company stub ... more details
advert date February 2010 unreferenced date February 2010 Infobox Software name Scientific WorkPlace logo screenshot File SWP example.png 250px Screenshot of the SWP editor caption Screenshot of the SWP editor developer MacKichan Software programming language released latest release version 5.5.2960 latest release date release date 2009 7 28 latest preview version latest preview date operating system Microsoft Windows Windows status language genre Document processor license Proprietary software Proprietary website http www.mackichan.com products swp.html www.mackichan.com products swp.html Scientific WorkPlace often abbreviated to SWP is a software package for scientific word processing on Microsoft Windows . It is shipped as a WYSIWYG LaTeX based word processor , together with the LaTeX document preparation system and an optional computer algebra system . Scientific WorkPlace allows one to edit and typeset mathematical and scientific text using the WYSIWYM paradigm. All formula layout ... format and can be typeset using any LaTeX processor to obtain typeset pages. Scientific Workplace comes ... of LaTeX typesetting without requiring users to learn the LaTeX language. Scientific WorkPlace includes ... files. Subsets of these capabilities are available as Scientific Word no computer algebra and Scientific Notebook limited LaTeX import export, no LaTeX typesetter included . Scientific WorkPlace combines ... without custom macros, and also many with macro definitions not created in Scientific WorkPlace. The program ... comes with an extensive online help system and a series of reference manuals. Scientific WorkPlace .... Scientific WorkPlace has a built in link to the World Wide Web. If a user has Internet access ... of related documents. There is a read only version of the program, called Scientific Viewer , available ... scientific word processor Maxima software Interfaces wxMaxima An open source cross platform Computer ... MacKichan Software http www.jstatsoft.org v17 s01 A comparative review of Scientific ... more details
merge Thermo Fisher Scientific date January 2011 Infobox Defunct Company company name Fisher Scientific company logo File Fisher Scientific logo.svg fate Takeover Acquisition successor Thermo Fisher Scientific foundation 1902 defunct 2006 location Hampton, New Hampshire industry Scientific tools and reagents key people Paul Montrone , last CEO br David T. Della Panta, last president COO products num employees parent subsid File Fisher Scientific Caliper.JPG thumb right Fisher brand caliper . Fisher Scientific International, Inc. New York Stock Exchange NYSE FSH colloquially known as Fisher was a biotechnology company that provided products and services to the global scientific research and United States clinical laboratory markets. Its customers included pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, college s, universities, and secondary education institutions, medical research institute research institutions , hospital s and reference labs and quality control, process control and research and development laboratories. The company offered more than 600,000 products and services to over 350,000 customers located in approximately 150 countries. No single customer represented more than 3 percent of its total sales in the year ended December 31, 2004. In August 2004, the company merged with Apogent Technologies Inc. , a company engaged primarily in the manufacture and sale of laboratory products in the United States and other countries. In May 2006, Fisher Scientific and Thermo Electron announced that they would Mergers and acquisitions merge in a tax free, stock for stock exchange. The merger closed on November 9, 2006 and the merged company is now called Thermo Fisher Scientific . Notes note infobox1 Lower, Josh 2005 . http beta.hoovers.com fisher scientific ID 15117 free co factsheet.xhtml Fisher Scientific International Inc. http beta.hoovers.com free Hoover s Online . Retrieved 4 July 2005. note infobox2 http ccbn.10kwizard.com xml download.php?repo tenk&ipage 3338896 ... more details
Freedom Scientific freedom is the idea of freedom in the sense of Freedom of thought and Freedom of the press applied to natural science, in particular the practices of scientific research and discourse, mainly by publication. The ideal is promoted by many organizations of scientists, and is the subject of article 15 3 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights . One classic defence of the idea is in Michael Polanyi s book, Personal Knowledge 1958 . Polanyi criticized the common view that the scientific method is purely objective and generates objective knowledge. Polanyi cast this view as a misunderstanding of the scientific method and of the nature of scientific inquiry, generally. He argued that scientists do and must follow personal passions in appraising facts and in determining which scientific questions to investigate. He concluded that a structure of liberty is essential for the advancement of science that the freedom to pursue science for its own sake is a prerequisite for the production of knowledge through peer review and the scientific method . ref cite book author Michael Polanyi title Personal Knowledge year 1958 isbn 0773491503 ref Polanyi subsequently co founded the Society for Freedom in Science . ref cite journal doi 10.1007 BF01102181 author William McGucken year 1978 title On Freedom and Planning in Science The Society for Freedom in Science 1940&ndash 1946 journal Minerva disambiguation Minerva volume 16 issue 1 pages 42&ndash 72 ... and associations AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility American Association for the Advancement ... Knowledge Progress and Priorities cite journal author J. T. Edsall title Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Report of the AAAS Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility journal Science ... cite journal author W. P. Metzger title Academic Freedom and Scientific Freedom journal Daedalus journal Daedalus volume 107 issue 2 date Spring 1978 pages 93&ndash 114 cite book title Ethics of Scientific ... more details
Refimprove date January 2010 Infobox company name Scientific Atlanta Inc logo image Scientific Atlanta logo.svg 200px caption type Subsidiary genre fate predecessor successor foundation 1952 founder Glen P. Robinson br Gerald Rosselot br James E. Boyd scientist James E. Boyd defunct location city Lawrenceville ... footnotes intl Scientific Atlanta Inc is a Georgia U.S. state Georgia based manufacturer of cable television , telecommunications , and broadband equipment. Scientific Atlanta was founded in 1951 ... in 2005. Products Scientific Atlanta is a supplier of transmission networks for broadband access ... Scientific Atlanta s sales. Scientific Atlanta also supplies distribution technology to networks such as Bloomberg ... coaxial and fiber service operators, Scientific Atlanta also expanded its IPTV solutions offerings ... funds of approximately 100 each, and started Scientific Atlanta to produce technology developed ... 2010 01 19 ref ref cite web url http www.gtri.gatech.edu gtri75 our 75 years researchers form scientific atlanta title Researchers form Scientific Atlanta publisher Georgia Tech Research Institute ... by Scientific Atlanta, established satellite delivered television for the cable industry ...?id 1055 publisher The Cable Center accessdate 2011 05 14 ref On November 18, 2005, Scientific ... 25, 2006, Cisco Systems announced that it had completed acquisition of Scientific Atlanta in a cash ... 5.1 billion net of Scientific Atlanta s cash balance, and also about US 5.1 billion over their 2005 shareholders equity . In its fiscal year 2005, Scientific Atlanta earned 1.36 per common share diluted ... implementations. References reflist External links http www.scientificatlanta.com Scientific Atlanta official site Category Scientific Atlanta Category Companies based in Georgia U.S. state Category ... of the United States Category 1951 establishments in the United States my Scientific Atlanta ja pl Scientific Atlanta sr ... more details
A scientific technique is any systematic process systematic way of obtaining information about a science scientific nature or to obtain a Desire emotion desired material or Product business product . Scientific techniques can be divided in many different groups, e.g. Preparative techniques Synthesis techniques, e.g. the use of Grignard reagents in organic chemistry Growth techniques, e.g. crystal growth or cell culture s in biology Purification techniques e.g. List of purification methods in chemistry those in chemistry Measurement techniques Analysis techniques, e.g. ones that reveal atomic or molecular composition. Characterization techniques, e.g. ones that measure a certain property of a material. Imaging techniques, e.g. microscopy Instruments In many cases these methods have evolved into instrumental techniques that require expensive equipment. This is particularly true in sciences like physics , chemistry , and astronomy . It is customary to abbreviate the names of techniques into acronyms, although this does not hold for all of them. Particularly the advent of the computer has led to a true proliferation in the number of techniques to the point that few scientists still have a good overview over all that is available. See, for example, the list of materials analysis methods and Category Scientific techniques . See also Protocol natural sciences Category Scientific techniques Science stub ms Teknik saintifik ps ... more details
A scientific demonstration is a scientific experiment carried out for the purposes of demonstrating scientific principles, rather than for hypothesis testing or knowledge gathering although they may originally have been carried out for these purposes . Many scientific demonstrations are chosen for their combination of educational merit and entertainment value, which is often provided by dramatic phenomena such as explosions. Some famous scientific demonstrations include Ab Rayh n al B r n Al Biruni s reaction time Ibn al Haytham Alhazen s camera obscura , Oil lamp lamp experiment and magnifying lens Al Jazari s crankshaft , elephant clock and programmable robot s Ibn Zuhr Avenzoar s parasite s Detonation Detonating a cloud of flour Foucault pendulum Foucault s pendulum Galileo Galilei s ball experiments, pendulum and telescope Heron s fountain and aeolipile Ibn al Nafis pulmonary circulation and coronary circulation Gyroscope Gyroscopic bicycle wheel Prince Rupert s Drop s Shooting a candle through a plank Taqi al Din Muhammad ibn Ma ruf Taqi al Din s alarm clock , steam turbine Using a linear motor as a gun Using compressed air to drive a water rocket Using liquid nitrogen to shatter a rose William Harvey s circulatory system Note many scientific demonstrations are potentially dangerous, and should not be attempted without considerable laboratory experience and appropriate safety precautions. Many older well known scientific demonstrations, once mainstays of science education, are now effectively impossible to demonstrate to an audience without breaking health and safety laws. Some older demonstrations, such as allowing the audience to play with liquid mercury, are sufficiently dangerous that they should not be attempted by anyone under any circumstances. See also Technology demonstration Sci stub Category Science education sv Vetenskaplig demonstration ... more details
about the concept of scientific evidence in pure science the legal term Scientific evidence law Original research date October 2010 Scientific evidence has no universally accepted definition but generally refers to evidence which serves to either support or counter a science scientific theory or hypothesis . Such evidence is generally expected to be empirical and properly documented in accordance with scientific method such as is applicable to the particular field of inquiry. Standards for evidence ... necessarily understanding the mechanism. Principles of inference Scientific evidence is evidence ... operate under different paradigms, rational observers may find different meaning in scientific evidence from the same event. ref Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolution 1962 . ref ... for oxygen. ref Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolution, 2nd Ed. 1970 . ref Note ... from them. Utility of scientific evidence Philosophers, such as Karl R. Popper , have provided influential theories of the scientific method within which scientific evidence plays a central role. ref Karl R. Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery 1959 . ref In summary, Popper provides that a scientist .... ref http www.fjc.gov public pdf.nsf lookup sciman00.pdf file sciman00.pdf Reference Manual on Scientific ... of scientific evidence. Philosophic versus scientific views of scientific evidence The Philosophic community has invested extensive resources to address logical requirements for scientific evidence by examination of the relationship between evidence and hypotheses, in contrast to scientific ... of a scientific approach, provides factors clarity of the data, replication by others, consistency ... for determination if facts rise to the level of scientific evidence. ref William Bechtel, Scientific ... . ref See also Anecdotal evidence Scientific evidence law References reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Scientific Evidence Category Scientific method es Prueba ciencia gl Proba ciencia nl Wetenschappelijk bewijs ... more details
Image FX 77.JPG thumb Casio FX 77, a solar power ed scientific calculator from the 1980s using a single line display File Casio fx 991ES Calculator New.jpg thumb Casio FX 991ES , a scientific calculator ... Sine ratio.gif thumb practical use of a calculator A scientific calculator is a type of Electronics ... contexts such as higher education, scientific calculators have been superseded by graphing calculator s, which offer a superset of scientific calculator functionality along with the ability to graph ... calculator market. Functions Modern scientific calculators generally have many more features than ... however, the defining features of a scientific calculator include scientific notation floating ... constant e In addition, high end scientific calculators will include hexadecimal , Binary numeral ... calculator equation solving calculus conversion of units physical constants While most scientific ... similar to those found on graphing calculator s. Uses Scientific calculators are used widely in any ... simple formatting tools. History The first scientific calculator that included all of the basic features ... LOCI 2 and the Mathatronics Mathatron had some features later identified with scientific calculator ... s first handheld scientific calculator. ref http www.ieee.org about news 2009 14april 1.html HP 35 Scientific Calculator Awarded IEEE Milestone ref Like some of HP s desktop calculators it used ... to develop and market high end scientific calculators, like the HP 35s HP 35s and HP 49 series ... the introduction of several units with scientific notation, came out with a handheld scientific ... running TI 30 series being one of the most widely used scientific calculators in classrooms. Casio ... FX 1 in 1972 ref http www.oldcalculatormuseum.com casiofx1.html Casio FX 1 Desktop Scientific ... and scientific calculators http www.hpmuseum.org The Museum of HP Calculators http www.datamath.org Datamath.org, a Texas Instruments handheld calculator museum http www.online scientific calculator.com ... more details
See Equipment disambiguation A scientific instrument can be any type of equipment, machine, apparatus or device as is specifically designed, constructed and often, through trial and error, ingeniously refined to apply utmost efficiency in the utilization of well proven physical principle, relationship or technology to facilitate or enable the pursuit, acquisition, transduction and storage of repeatable, verifiable data, usually consisting of sets numerical measurements made upon otherwise unknown, unproven quantities, properties, phenomena, materials, forces or etc., preferably as those characterized ... of such experimental procedures as are firmly based upon the scientific method and long accepted tenants of experimental design. Scientific instruments are part of laboratory equipment, but are considered ... of informational text and images, consultation and peer review. Some scientific instruments can ... also has been added to the list of the realm of scientific instrument applications and research ... diagnostic information and provide highly precise medication delivery mechanisms. Scientific instruments .... List of scientific instruments for lists of astronomical instruments List of telescope ... Voltmeter , voltage List of scientific instruments manufacturers 454 Life Sciences , United ... , United States of America Bruker Biosciences Corporation Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company ..., Australia Thermo Fisher Scientific , United States of America Waters Corporation , United States of America Eltra GmbH , Germany List of scientific instruments designers See also List of astronomical instrument makers Category Scientific instrument makers Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument ... von Reichenbach Von Reichenbach, Georg Friedrich History of scientific instruments History of science ... Types of scientific instruments Optical instrument Electronic test equipment Related topics Instrumentation ... a complex scientific instrument, like in cyclotron , phytotron , synchrotron , ... Category Scientific ... more details
Freedom Scientific is a corporation which researches, creates, and sells technology intended for blindness people who are blind or have low vision and those with learning disability learning disabilities . The company s Blind and Low Vision Group s products include software and hardware to help people with low vision work with their computers, organize information, and work with standard printed materials. Their Learning Systems Group provides tools to help people with reading and or writing difficulties work more effectively with written material. Freedom Scientific was created in April 2000 by the merger of Henter Joyce, Blazie Engineering, and Arkenstone, Inc. Henter Joyce, founded in 1987 by Ted Henter , was known for its JAWS screen reader JAWS screen reader and MAGic screen magnifier for the PC. Blazie Engineering, founded in 1986 by Deane Blazie , was known for its braille and speech output note takers, braille displays, and braille embossers. Arkenstone, founded in 1989 by Jim Fruchterman was known for producing page scanning software to permit blind people to read print books and documents through voice synthesizers and braille displays. Freedom Scientific still sells all of these products, and its technology is still expanding. The founders of all three of the companies are still on the board of directors. Its President and CEO is Dr. Lee Hamilton. It is headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida , USA and it has a computer lab in Palo Alto, California . Its European center is located in T gerwilen , Switzerland, with a support center in Hamburg , Germany. ref cite web url http www.freedomsci.de title Freedom Scientific GmbH language German publisher Freedom Scientific accessdate 2008 09 24 ref Products Their products include JAWS screen reader JAWS , a screen reader. MAGic, a screen magnifier. Connect Outloud, a cut down version of JAWS designed for basic web ... of the United States Category Companies based in Florida es Freedom Scientific ... more details
for the informal document describing scientific research Technical report infobox journal title Scientific Reports cover editor Sara Grimme discipline Natural science s peer reviewed Yes abbreviation Sci. Rep. publisher Nature Publishing Group country frequency Continuous history 2011 present openaccess Yes license Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial NoDerivs 3.0 Unported or Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3.0 Unported impact impact year website http www.nature.com srep index.html eISSN 2045 2322 Scientific Reports is an online open access scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group , covering all areas of the natural science s. According to the press release, it is a journal conceptually similar to PLoS ONE . ref cite web url http www.nature.com press releases scientificreports.html title Announcing Scientific Reports , a new open access publication work Nature Publishing Group Press release archive date 6 January 2011 accessdate 23 January 2011 ref ref cite web url http www.timeshighereducation.co.uk story.asp?sectioncode 26&storycode 414822&c 1 title Nature s open access offering may sound death knell for subs model work The Times Higher Education date 13 Jan 2011 accessdate 23 January 2011 ref ref cite web author Martin Fenner url http blogs.plos.org mfenner 2011 01 06 new journal nature one launched today title New journal Nature ONE launched today work Gobbledygook date 6 Jan 2011 accessdate 23 January 2011 ref See also Nature Communications References Reflist Category Nature Publishing Group academic journals Category Open access journals Category Publications established in 2011 Category Multidisciplinary scientific journals Category English language journals academic journal stub ... more details
The Scientific Alliance is a United Kingdom British industry friendly organization that promotes biotechnology , genetically modified food , and climate skeptic climate change skepticism . Its stated aim is to bring together both scientists and non scientists committed to rational discussion and debate on the challenges facing the environment today. ref name about The Scientific Alliance, http www.scientific alliance.org home about scientific alliance About the Scientific Alliance ref The group was created in 2001 by quarryman Robert Durward, director of the British Aggregates Association , and political consultant Mark Adams of the public relations firm, Foresight Communications . ref name rich Gethin Chamberlain, http news.scotsman.com scotlandsnewparty The rich recluse masterminding Britains.2395433.jp The rich recluse masterminding Britain s new party The Scotsman, 22 January 2003 ref The Scotsman newspaper has reported that on contacting the Alliance to ask about Durward s role, after some uncertainty, the switchboard it shares with a number of other firms denied any knowledge of Mr Durward s existence. Matthew Drinkwater, the one person responding to calls to its offices, could also be contacted by ringing the offices of Foresight Communications. ref name rich ref Foresight Communications is a PR firm established by Mark Adams in January 2001. As well as The Scientific Alliance, its client list includes the British Aggregates Association and the The New Party UK, 2003 New Party formerly known as the Peoples Alliance sic which was also established by Durward and Adams. Robert May, Baron May of Oxford Bob May of the Royal Society has criticised the Scientific Alliance ... s director, Martin Livermore, wrote that The Scientific Alliance has never received money from ExxonMobil ... References reflist External links http www.scientific alliance.org The Scientific Alliance http www.sourcewatch.org index.php?title Scientific Alliance SourceWatch , Center for Media & Democracy http ... more details
Scientific Advertising was written by Claude C Hopkins in 1923 and is cited by many advertising and marketing personalities such as David Ogilvy businessman David Ogilvy , Gary Halbert and Jay Abraham as a must read book. David Ogilvy is widely quoted as saying that Nobody, at any level, should be allowed to have anything to do with advertising until he has read this book seven times . The book is cited as being the original description of the process of split testing and of coupon based customer tracking and loyalty schemes. In the book, Hopkins outlines an advertising approach based on testing and measuring. In this way losses from unsuccessful ads are kept to a safe level while gains from profitable ads are multiplied. Or, as Hopkins wrote, the advertiser is playing on the safe side of a hundred to one shot . The book also contains information on how to write advertising that sells Salesmanship in print. External links http www.scientific advertising.co.uk Scientific Advertising Free Online Copy, all 21 Chapters. http www.abrahamclub.com downloads ebooks and excerpts claude hopkins scientific advertising details.html Scientific Advertising PDF version econ book stub ad stub Category Advertising books tr Bilimsel Reklamc l k kitap ... more details
Infobox company company name Explore Scientific company logo Image Explore Scientific.png 220px company type LLC company slogan Keep Exploring foundation Laguna Hills, California 2008 location Bentonville, Arkansas num employees industry Optical imaging Imaging Manufacturing products Telescopes , spotting scope s, binoculars , eyepiece s and microscopes homepage http www.explorescientific.com www.explorescientific.com Explore Scientific is a company founded by former Meade Instruments Vice President of Brand Community Scott W. Roberts in 2008 and owned by Chinese manufacturer Jinghua Optical Electronics Co., Ltd. JOC . Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas , the company designs and manufactures telescopes , spotting scope s, binoculars , microscopes and other scientific devices. ref http www.joctech.com newweb html E introduce.html JOC website ref Products are manufactured in China by JOC and imported. ref http explorescientific.com about aboutus.html About Explore Scientific Retrieved Dec 8, 2010 ref History During the July 2008 annual Astronomical League Conference Awards banquet in Des Moines, Iowa , the launch of the company was announced by Scott Roberts. ref Sky & Telescope http www.skyandtelescope.com news 26827869.html The Astronomical League s Rising Stars Retrieved Aug 12, 2008 ref ref http www.prweb.com releases telescope astronomy prweb1128014.htm The Launch of Explore Scientific, LLC is Announced at the Astronomical League Conference ALCON ref On February 11, 2009, German owned optical company, Bresser reached an agreement to allow Explore Scientific to distribute its various products to the United States. ref http www.businesswire.com portal site home permalink ?ndmViewId news view&newsId 20090211005105&newsLang en Explore Scientific Reaches Distribution Agreement ... produced or distributed by Explore Scientific include Telescopes Refracting telescope Apochromatic ... Explore Scientific website Category Companies based in Arkansas Category Telescope manufacturers ... more details
Infobox Magazine title Scientific American image file Sci am mar 2005.jpg image size 188 image caption ... 476,867 ref http abcas3.accessabc.com ecirc magform.asp ABC ref issn 0036 8733 Scientific American ... science monthly to an educated but not necessarily scientific public, through its careful ... date August 2011 Scientific American was founded by inventor and publisher Rufus Porter Rufus ... title Press Room publisher Scientific American date 2009 08 17 accessdate 2012 01 24 ref in 1845 ... magazine, to be called The Sciences , instead purchased the assets of the old Scientific American ..., which has owned it since. In the fall of 2008, Scientific American was put under the control of Nature ... title Scientific American Editor, President to Step Down 5 Percent of Staff Cut url http www.foliomag.com 2009 scientific american editor president step down 5 percent staff cut publisher FOLIO accessdate ... quote Miller Donald H., Jr. Vice President and General Manager of the magazine Scientific American ... 2009. ref name FOLIO International editions Scientific American published its first foreign edition ... edition in Brazil. Today, Scientific American publishes 18 foreign language editions around the globe ..., Romanian, Russian and Spanish. From 1902 to 1911, Scientific American supervised the publication ... issue Wikisource Scientific American Volume 1 Issue 1 Front page Front page of issue 1 File SciAmer.gif ... Scientific American published every Thursday morning at No. 11 Spruce Street, New York, No. 16 State ... of New Inventions, Scientific Principles, and Curious Works and will contain, in high ... and other Scientific Improvements American and Foreign. Improvements and Inventions Catalogues of American Patents Scientific Essays, illustrative of the principles of the sciences of Mechanics, Chemistry ..., Old volumes of the New York Mechanic, being now worth double the original cost, in cash. Terms The Scientific ..., 85, Editor of Scientific American for 37 Years url http www.nytimes.com 2005 01 17 obituaries 17flanagan ... more details
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