secularism. Secularism is the principle of separation between government institutions and the persons ... . In one sense, secularism may assert the right to be free from religious rule and teachings ... be unbiased by religious influence. ref Kosmin, Barry A. Contemporary Secularity and Secularism. Secularism & Secularity Contemporary International Perspectives . Ed. Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar. Hartford, CT Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture ISSSC , 2007. ref See also public reason . Some scholars are now arguing that the very idea of secularism will change. ref Poddar, Prem and Srinivasan Jain. Secularism as an Idea Will Change Interview with Homi Bhabha , The Book Review , January 1995. Republished in The Hindu 1995. ref Atheism and Irreligion Sidebar Secularism ... and arguments in support of secularism vary widely. In European laicism , it has been argued that secularism ... as secularization . This type of secularism, on a social or philosophical level, has often occurred ... , some argue that State secularism state secularism has served to a greater extent to protect religion and the religious from governmental interference, while secularism on a social level is less prevalent ... . Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pg. 147 But with the Second World War just ahead, secularism fo the antireligious ... as well, differing political movements support secularism for varying reasons. ref Feldman ... secularism was first used by the United Kingdom British writer George Jacob Holyoake in 1851. ref Holyoake, G.J. 1896 . The Origin and Nature of Secularism , London Watts and Co. p.51 ref Although ..., 1996 . http findarticles.com p articles mi m2501 is n2 v18 ai 18627295 pg 13 The debate on Islam and secularism in Egypt , Arab Studies Quarterly ASQ . ref Holyoake invented the term secularism to describe ... religious belief. An agnostic himself, Holyoake argued that Secularism is not an argument ... it advances others. Secularism does not say there is no light or guidance elsewhere, but maintains ... more details
globalize India date September 2011 wiktionary Refimprove date November 2008 Pseudo secularism is the state of implicit non secular trends in the face of pledged secularism . The term is used by groups who perceive a double standard exhibited within the established secular governing policy towards culturally different groups. The first recorded use of the term was in the book Philosophy and Action of the R. S. S. for the Hind Swaraj ref name RSS cite book last Elenjimittam first Anthony title Philosophy and Action of the R. S. S. for the Hind Swaraj year 1951 publisher Laxmi Publications pages 188 189 ref , by Anthony Elenjimittam. In his book, Elenjimittam accused leaders of the Indian National Congress, of pretending to uphold secularism. He singles out then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru s refusal to serve on the Congress Working Committee in 1951, which led to the resignation of the Congress Purushottam Das Tandon. In India Image Bjpdurgapur.JPG thumb A Bharatiya Janata Party BJP election poster from 2004. Poster shows Pranab Mukherjee , Indian National Congress leader, and Biman Bose , Communist Party of India Marxist leader, together at a meeting of Muslim clerics. Text reads Is this secularism? Since an amendment in 1976, the constitution of India describes the country as secular , and generally most mainstream political forces describe themselves as secular . It is important to note that in the Indian context the term is mainly used as an opposite of communal , rather ... secularism has been done by Donald Eugene Smith in his book India As a Secular State. It succinctly sums the differences between Gandhi and Nehru on the issue of secularism, and describes how this divergence ... at the expense of the interests of the Hindu community, and often at odds with modern ideas of secularism ... caused considerable anguish among Hindus and fueled allegations of pseudo secularism against the judiciary as well. See also Shah Bano case Secularism in India References Reflist Category Secularism ... more details
outdated date June 2011 Secularism in Egypt has had a very important role to play in both the history of Egypt and that of the Middle East. Citation needed date July 2008 Egypt s first experience of Secularism started with the British Occupation 1882 1952 , the atmosphere which allowed the protection of debate. In this environment pro secularist intellectuals like Ya qub Sarruf, Faris Nimr, Nicola Haddad whom sought political asylum from Ottoman Rule were able to publish their work. This debate had then became a burning issue with the work of Egyptian Shaykh Ali abd al Raziq 1888 1966 , The most momentous document in the crucial intellectual and religious debate of modern Islamic history ref name autogenerated1 Fauzi Najjar, The debate on Islam and Secularism , Arab Studies Quarterly 1996, Vol. 18 Issue 2 ref By 1919 Egypt had its first political secular entity called the Hizb Almani Secular Party this name was later changed to the Wafd party . It combined secular policies with a nationalist agenda and had the majority support in the following years against both the rule of the king and the British influence. The Wafd party supported the allies during World War II and then proceeded to win the 1952 parliamentary elections, following these elections the prime minister was overthrown by the King leading to riots. These riots precipitated a military coup after which all political parties were banned including the Wafd and the Muslim Brotherhood . Citation needed date June 2011 The government of Gamel Abdel Nasser was secularist nationalist in nature which at the time gathers a great deal of support both in Egypt and other Arab states Citation needed date December 2009 . Key elements of Nasserism ref http www.opendemocracy.net conflict middle east politics egypt mahfouz 4025.jsp ... , p 67 ref Nowadays, most proponents of secularism emphasize the link between secularism and national ... Secularism in DEFAULTSORT Secularism In Egypt Category Politics of Egypt Category Secularism in Egypt ... more details
to the Constitution of India declares that India is a secular country . The term secularism ... S.R Bommai v. Union of India held that secularism was an integral part of the basic structure of the constitution. History Secularism in India has very different meaning and implications. The word secularism has never been used in Indian context in the sense in which it has been used in Western ... that with Sanatan Dharma being the spirit of India, the very concept of western secularism is redundant and badly imposed. ref http www.ibtl.in news opinion 1638 sanatan secularism part 01 Sanatan Dharma and Secularism ref India is one country where caste rigidity and concept of untouchability evolved .... The Indian National Congress at the time of independence from British Raj adopted secularism, not as this worldly ... power structure. The main struggle was between secularism and communalism. The communal forces from ... of secularism and secular politics. Theoretically speaking the Congress Party was also committed to secularism. However, the Congress Party consisted of several members and leaders whose secularism ... that India committed itself to secularism and its Constitution was drafted on secular lines. Secularism ... and how many unsecular? Since secularism does not mean being this worldly in India, one cannot ... spirit of secularism in India is all inclusiveness, religious pluralism and peaceful co existence. However ... the gap between religious community thus bringing Indian secularism under threat. Secular Perspective The history of Indian secularism begin with the protest movements in the 5th century B.C. The three ... Domenic Marbaniang, Secularism in India Historical Outline ref However, it was in the 18th century, when the British East India Company began to gain total control over India that ideas of secularism ... secularism practised in India and elsewhere. The western model of secularism means that religion ... is becoming more common in contemporary Indian Politics. Thus, practising the Indian Brand of secularism ... more details
POV check date July 2008 Secularism in Iran first started in 1924 when Reza Shah was crowned the new monarch. Afterwards he established for the first time a state policy of secularism that made it illegal for any public display or expression of religious faith, including the wearing of the headscarf hijab and chador by women and wearing of facial hair by men with the exception of the mustache . Public religious festivals such as Muharram and Day of Ashura Ashura and celebrations were banned, Islamic clergy were forbidden to preach in public, mosque activities were heavily restricted and regulated. Though criticised by the religious traditionalists and viewed as authoritarian by foreign observers, Reza Shah s goals were intended to secularise Iran and eliminate the influence of the Shi a clergy upon the government and the society. During his reign, the first instances of Islamic extremism and terrorism appeared in Iran as a backlash against his secularist policies. For example, secularist politicians and writers such as Ahmad Kasravi were assassinated by Muslim fighters, the most notorious of which remains Navvab Safavi , who today is considered a hero by the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. After Reza Shah was forcibly deposed and sent into exile by British and Soviet forces who had invaded the country, the era of secularism in Iran ended. From 1941 until 1953, democracy was properly restored to Iran, but the Shi a clergy also were able to return to their previous level of power and influence because of their primary base of support in rural parts of central Iran. After 1953 the Iranian government, while becoming less and less democratic, also increasingly took ... marked the end of state directed secularism in Iran. In February 1980 the Islamic Republic Party , with support ... Asia topic Secularism in References Reflist Category Politics of Iran Category Secularism in the Middle East Category Secularism by country Iran ar ... more details
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman , the country s founder, secularism would be condemned by subsequent military ... actions . The removal of secularism has been described by the country s largely secular establishment ... celebrated in Dhaka Despite the country ceasing to be a secular state constitutionally, secularism has been practised in the region of Bengal since ancient times. In fact, secularism in the region ... separation of church and state . The ethos of secularism in South Asia is fundamentally the freedom ... practiced secularism in making decisions of the court. Hindus and Muslims would have prominent ... State Principles as the character of the new state. They would be Nationalism , Democracy , Secularism ... the constitution by changing the Four State Principles. The amendment caused the term Secularism ... declared Islam as the state religion in Bangladesh. This would be the final blow to constitutional secularism ... introduce secularism back into the constitution. In 2009, the Awami League government announced that it would amend the constitution and induce the original Four State Principles. Controversies Secularism ... often termed the propagators of secularism as being anti Islam and accused them of promoting blasphemy ... be banned if the Awami League were to be allowed to put back secularism in the constitution. In 2008 ... instrumental in the war of liberation, has been accused of failing to define secularism to the common ... they would support secularism being put back into the constitution. Pro liberation leaders ...&cat &n date 20070519 Asia topic Secularism in DEFAULTSORT Secularism In Bangladesh Category Politics of Bangladesh Category Secularism in Bangladesh Category Bangladesh Liberation War ... more details
states. The idea of secularism in Islam means favoring a modern secular democracy with separation of mosque and state , as opposed to Islam as a political movement . Secularism in the Muslim countries ... the separation of civil government matters from religious theocracy. Secularism is often condemned ... http www.oxfordislamicstudies.com article opr t125 e2130? hi 2& pos 1 From the article on secularism .... 363 385 ref The quest for Secularism has inspired some Muslim scholars who argue that secular government ... criticized by conflating it with anti religion and colonial intervention. Definition Main Secularism The etymology of the Arabic language Arabic word for secularism can be controversial in itself. While some refer to almaniyya which is derived from the word alam , suggesting that secularism is wordly , others prefer to think of ilmanniyya relating the word for secularism to the Arab word ... The concept of Secularism in Islam has been claimed to have religious sanction too. The Sahih of Imam ... proceed according to human experience. For this reason definition of secularism in the Islamic perspective ... has been considered a precursor to modern secularism . ref Abdel Wahab El Messeri. http www.muslimphilosophy.com ... p articles mi m2501 is n2 v18 ai 18627295 pg 13 The debate on Islam and secularism in Egypt , Arab ... the debate on islam and secularism , Arab Studies Quarterly 1996, Vol.18 Issue2 ref The most controversial ... Kemal Ataturk . ref Fauzi Najjar The debate on Islam and secularism in Egypt , Arab Studies Quarterly .... ref Nadje Al Ali, Secularism Gender and the State ,p140 ref However variations exist concerning the interpretation and manifestation of secularism in women s politics and lifestyles many of them are united ... that secularism was important for protecting civil rights. ref Zainab Al Sawaij, who serves as the executive ... html news 2006 spr jb religion.htm March 2, 2006 Conflicting Ideas of Secularism ... date July 2008 Secularism thus came as the European colonialists dominated the region and supplanted ... more details
Affairs ref History The history of secularism in Turkey extends to the Tanzimat reforms of Ottoman Empire. The second peak in secularism occurred during the Second Constitutional Era Ottoman .... ref name sec http www.secularisminturkey.net docs Secular Transcript.pdf Secularism The Turkish Experience ... three Articles secularism , social equality , Legal egalitarianism equality before law Republic .... Issues relating to Turkey s secularism were discussed in the lead up to the Turkish presidential election ... of 2007 in support of the Kemalist ideology Kemalist ideals of state secularism . ref name BBC Cite ... 10 ref The strict application of secularism in Turkey has been credited for enabling women to have access ... ref Also paradoxical with the Turkish secularism is the fact that Identity document cards of Turkish ... for children deemed by the state to be Muslims spaced ndash amount to de facto violations of secularism ... of official secularism, the Turkish government has traditionally banned the wearing of headscarves ... ban, ruling that removing the ban would run counter to official secularism. While the highest ... first Tracy last Clark Flory accessdate 2008 08 04 date 2007 04 23 ref Turkey s strong secularism ... secularism, which they affirm to be a keystone among Turkey s founding principles. The military has ... topics Asia topic Secularism in DEFAULTSORT Secularism In Turkey Category Politics of Turkey Category Religion in Turkey Category Secularism in Turkey Category Secularism in the Middle East ar ... more details
Organized secularism lang fr La cit organis e , lang nl georganiseerde vrijzinnigheid is a French term which is used within Belgium to refer to local associations and organizations which provide moral support for atheist, agnostic, humanist, freethought freethinking or irreligious non confessional citizens. A person who subscribes to such entities or ideologies, or at least espouses an interest in free inquiry is described as a secular or free thinker lang fr la que , lang nl vrijzinnig . In contrast to the French model for communal organization for rationalists and freethinkers, the Belgian model is considerably more structured and tight knit due to the Netherlands like pillarization of Belgian religions and religious communities in such a structure, various social organizations, such as scouting troops, trade unions and cooperatives and mutual societies are duplicated for each religious or philosophical community Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Muslim, socialist, liberal, etc. . Hence, many Belgian nontheists and humanists participate in local church like services led by secular leaders and chaplains. Belgian law Currently, section 181 of the Belgian Constitution provides as follows 1st. Salaries and pensions of ministers of religion are the responsibility of the state the amounts necessary to deal with them is the annual budget. 2. Salaries and pensions to representatives of organizations recognized by law as providing moral assistance according to a philosophical non religious charge of the state the amounts necessary to deal with them is the annual budget. Under 1st, recognized the Catholic religion, the Protestant, the Anglican, Orthodox worship, Jewish worship and the Muslim ... and homes of secularism have been started in many places for this purpose sometimes with the support ... individuals and families. Organized secularism outside of Belgium In Europe Of course, associations .... See also Irreligion in Belgium References reflist Category Secularism Category Secularism in Belgium ... more details
Secularism in Israel shows how matters of religion and how matters of state are related within Israel. Secularism is defined as an indifference to, rejection or exclusion of religion and religious consideration. ref name Secularism cite web title Secularism Definition url http www.merriam webster.com dictionary secularism accessdate 17 October 2011 ref In Israel this applies to the entirely secular community that identifies with no religion and the secular community within the Jewish community which identifies with no particular division of the religion. When Israel was established as a new state in 1948, a new and different Jewish identity formed for the newly created Israeli population. This population was defined by the Israeli culture and Hebrew language, their experience with the Holocaust , and the need to band together against conflict with hostile neighbors in the Middle East. This is not an identity that Jews outside of the Israel can easily identify with. ref name Religion cite web title Religion and Secularism in Israel url http www.spiegel.de international 0,1518,469996,00.html accessdate 18 October 2011 ref History Since 1922 many official documents originating in the land of Israel gave rise to religious freedom and secularism. In 1922 the Palestinian Mandate prohibited discrimination based on religious affiliation. In 1948, at the establishment of the state of Israel, the Declaration of Independence again protects freedom of religion. ref name Freedom cite web title Freedom of Religion in Israel url http www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org jsource Society & Culture freedom.html accessdate 17 October 2011 ref The Declaration of Establishment of the State of Israel was approved by members of the Jewish community of Palestine and the Zionist movement . The documents first section sheds light on the relationship between the Jewish people and the Land of Israel. ref ... Arab Muslims. ref name Arabs References Reflist Category Israeli society Category Secularism in Israel ... more details
in favour of secularism to his speech of 11, August 1947. ref History Although Pakistan was founded ... Government of Pakistan Reflist Asia topic Secularism in Social issues in Pakistan Category Politics of Pakistan Category Secularism in Pakistan Category Political history of Pakistan ... more details
orphan date December 2007 Jewish secularism refers to the largest section of the Jewish people who are secular as well as the body of work produced by secular Jews over the past 250 years. Almost half of all Jews define themselves as secular. ref The http www.culturaljudaism.org pdf AJISReport.pdf American Jewish Identification Survey AJIS 2001 placed the figure at 49 in America. ref These people build up communities where Jewish holidays are celebrated as historical and nature festivals, and where life cycle events are marked in a secular manner. Throughout modern history, Jewish thinkers have challenged traditional Judaism. As early as the nineteenth century, members of the Society for the Culture and Science of the Jews Verein fur Kultur und Wissenschaft der Juden viewed Judaism as a culture, not a religion. These secularists, building on foundations of the Enlightenment, Haskalah , were keen to integrate humanistic culture and education with a Jewish culture not linked to rabbinical dictates, or the existence of a personal God. Figures Secular Judaism has roots even before the Haskalah . From the time of Baruch Spinoza 1632 77 and his agnostic morality , came the belief of the human sense of morality through education and family life, not religious morality. Secular Jewish art and culture flourished between 1870 and the Second World War with 18,000 titles in Yiddish and thousands more in Hebrew and European languages, along with hundreds of plays and theater productions, movies, and other art forms. Franz Kafka and Marcel Proust rank among the creators of these works for their contribution to western culture. Many prominent Jews have been secular, such as Sigmund Freud , Marc Chagall , Henri Bergson , Moses Mendelssohn , Heinrich Heine , Albert Einstein , Theodor Herzl , M.Y. Berdichevsky and Hayim Nahman Bialik . In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Ahad Ha am contributed to the secular movement with his ideas on Jewish national identity, religion ... more details
primary sources date June 2008 Infobox Organization name Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture image ISSSS logo.JPG image border size 150px caption map msize mcaption abbreviation ISSSC motto formation 2005 extinction type Research Institute status purpose The Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture ISSSC was established to advance understanding of the role of secular values and the process of secularization in contemporary society and culture. Nonpartisan and multidisciplinary, the Institute conducts academic research, sponsors curriculum development, and presents public events. headquarters Trinity College, Hartford, CT USA location region served membership language primarily English leader title leader name key people Barry A. Kosmin small Director small br Ariela Keysar small Assoc. Director small br Juhem Navarro Rivera small Research Fellow small main organ parent organization affiliations Trinity College, Hartford, CT USA num staff num volunteers budget website www.secularisminsititute.org remarks The Institute for the Study of Secularism ... for the Study of Secularism in Society & Culture publisher Trinity College year 2000 accessdate October ... journal Secularism & Nonreligion and was one of the principal investigators of the 2008 Religion ... Tradition and Foundations of the Natural science Natural Science s 2007 08 Secularism and the Enlightenment ... 2009 http www.scribd.com doc 17139496 Secularism Women the State The Mediterranean World in the 21st Century Secularism, Women & The State The Mediterranean World in the 21st Century edited by Barry A. Kosmin and Ariela Keysar 2008 http www.scribd.com doc 17142072 Secularism Science in the 21st Century Secularism & Science in the 21st Century edited by Ariela Keysar and Barry Kosmin http ... www.scribd.com doc 17142803 Secularism Secularity Contemporary International Perspectives Secularism ... Understanding Secularism DEFAULTSORT Institute For The Study Of Secularism In Society ... more details
ISSSC may refer to Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture , an academic institution International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs , a fictional society in the novel Heart of Darkness intended to mock the Berlin Conference disambig ... more details
Saecular may refer to Secularism , the concept that government or other entities should exist separately from religion and or religious beliefs Secularity , the state of being separate from religion disambiguation ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians PPPP is a party created by Ameen Faheem . The party is an electoral extension of the Pakistan Peoples Party . See also Pakistan Peoples Party Pakistani political parties Category Pakistan Peoples Party Category Political parties in Pakistan Category Secularism in Pakistan sv Pakistanska Folkpartiets parlamentariker ... more details
Deleted image removed Image Muhammad Maxime.jpg right 200px Muhammad ISBN 1 56584 752 0 is a Secularism secular biography of the Muhammad Islamic prophet written by prominent France French non Muslim Islamic scholar Maxime Rodinson in 1961. Category Biographies of Muhammad Category Non Islamic Islam studies literature islam book stub ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2007 People s Science Center is an association of rationalist and science popularization activists based in the India n state of Jharkhand . The center is an affiliate of The Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations FIRA . Saritha Anand is the convener of the association. Category Indian rationalist groups Category Humanist associations Category Secularism organizations Category Skeptic organisations Category Science education ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Notability date April 2008 The Popular Democratic Party is a minor Lebanese secular political party led by Nazih Hamza . Citation needed date February 2008 It has never won any seats in the Lebanese Parliament . Category Political parties in Lebanon Category Secularism in Lebanon lebanon stub ... more details
Infobox political party country Egypt party name Egypt Youth Party chairman Mr. Ahmed Abdul Hadi foundation 2005 headquarters Cairo ideology Secularism , Democracy colorcode grey The Egypt Youth Party is a small democratic secular political party in Egypt . External links http www.sis.gov.eg En Politics Parties Parties 041102000000000019.htm Political parties at sis.gov.eg Egyptian political parties Category Political parties in Egypt Category Political parties established in 2005 Category Secularism in Egypt Category Secularist political parties ar Egypt party stub ... more details
primarysources date February 2008 The Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society ISIS is an organization of writers that promotes the ideas of secularism , democracy and human rights within Islamic society. It is part of the Center for Inquiry . Founded in 1998 by former Muslims, the best known being Ibn Warraq , the group aims to combat theologically driven fanaticism, violence and terrorism. The organization does not promote any belief system or religious dogma but rather it subscribes to the rule of secular law, freedom of speech and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . ISIS chair is currently Ibn Warraq . External links http www.secularislam.org ISIS official website nonprofit org stub Category Criticism of Islam Category Liberal and progressive movements within Islam Category Secularism organizations ... more details
The Mouvement la que qu b cois MLQ or Quebec Secular Movement is a non profit organisation whose goal is to defend and promote freedom of conscience, separation of church and state, and secularisation of public institutions. It was founded in 1981 by parents who refused the biconfessionnal system of Catholic and Protestant. In 1993 it established the Prix Condorcet , to honour a public personality who had worked for the defense of secularism and freethought . The Movement publishes Cit La que . See also Freethought Association of Canada References http www.mlq.qc.ca Official site http www.mlq.qc.ca 7 pub cl cite laique.html Cit la que DEFAULTSORT Mouvement Laique Quebecois Category Civic and political organizations of Canada Category Culture of Quebec Category Secularism organizations Category Freethought organizations Category Awards established in 1993 Category Organizations established in 1981 eo Movado Laika Kebekia fr Mouvement la que qu b cois ... more details
unreferenced date October 2011 In Belgium , irreligion and atheism holds sway over a large portion of the population, numbering around 25 30 . Due to the Dutch style pillarization which is in place in Belgium, irreligious individuals and families who desire to receive counseling and celebration for life moments often go to institutions of organized secularism , including secular organizations or liberal philosophical organizations lang nl vrijzinnige levensbeschouwelijke organisaties , lang fr organisations la ques which are headed and led by clergy like officials known as counsellors . References reflist Europe topic Irreligion in Category Religion in Belgium Category Irreligion by country Belgium Category Secularism in Belgium Belgium stub atheism stub ... more details
LROP Aside from Tunisia and Israel , Turkey is the only nation located in the Middle East that has abolished polygamy , which was officially criminalized with the adoption of the Turkish Civil Code in 1926, a milestone in Atat rk s secularist reforms. Penalties for illegal polygamy are up to 5 years imprisonment. ref http www.nytimes.com 2006 07 10 world europe 10turkey.html Polygamy Fosters Culture Clashes and Regrets in Turkey ref becoming the first nation in the area to do so. Turkey has long been known for its promotion of secularism ref http www.jcpa.org jl vp352.htm Turkey between Secularism and Islamism ref ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi europe 6554099.stm Turkey s secularism threatened ref ref Modernity, Islam, and secularism in Turkey By Alev inar ref and later introduced even stricter bars on polygamy. The Even the ruling moderate Islamist Justice and Development Party Turkey AK Parti effectively banned polygamists from entering or living in the country. ref http www.polygamy411.com 2009 05 polygamy in turkey Polygamy in Turkey ref Although illegal polygamy is very rare in Turkish society, the practice is still exists in the Kurdish populated South East. ref cite web title The hidden wives of Turkey publisher BBC date 2005 08 30 url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi programmes this world 4165896.stm accessdate 2010 08 16 ref An advisor to Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdo an of the ruling moderate Islamist AK Parti, Ali Y ksel , is reportedly polygamous and has made public his intention to take a fourth wife, which caused outrage from the Turkish media and also from the ruling party. ref cite web title Louder voices publisher Today s Zaman date 2005 08 10 url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi programmes this world 4165896.stm accessdate 2010 08 16 ref References reflist See also Secularism in Turkey Religion in Turkey Politics of Turkey Europe topic Polygamy in Use dmy dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Polygamy In Turkey Category Polygamy by country Turkey Category ... more details
The institut pour la D fense de la D mocratie institute for the Defense of Democracy is a French language French Think Tank , it provides information , analysis and research on democracy and Freedom political freedom . It is a non profit Voluntary association association and considers itself secularism secularist and apolitical. It aims to defend and promote democracy and freedoms and thus, to fight against all the forms of obscurantism , totalitarianism and Fascism . External links http www.institut defense democratie.net Homepage France org stub Category Think tanks based in France ... more details
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