A sedative or tranquilizer or tranquilliser , see American and British English spelling differences is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability ref name urlJohns Hopkins Colon Cancer Center Glossary S cite web url http www.hopkinscoloncancercenter.org index.cfm?cID 194&CFID 1128737&CFTOKEN 20842936 title Johns Hopkins Colon Cancer Center Glossary S format work accessdate ref or Psychomotor agitation excitement . ref DorlandsDict seven 000095557 sedative ref At higher doses it may result in slurred speech, staggering gait human gait , poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflex es. Doses of sedatives such as benzodiazepines , when used as a hypnotic to induce sleep, tend to be higher than amounts used to relieve anxiety, whereas only low doses are needed to provide a peaceful and calming sedative effect. ref cite journal author Montenegro M, Veiga H, Deslandes A, et al. title Neuromodulatory effects of caffeine and bromazepam on visual event related potential P300 a comparative study. journal Arq Neuropsiquiatr volume 63 issue 2B pages 410 5 year 2005 month June pmid 16059590 ... . Terminology There is some overlap between the terms sedative and hypnotic . The terms describe distinct ... care units are almost always sedated unless they are unconscious from their condition anyway . Sedative ... of use. In both types of dependences, finding and using the sedative becomes the focus in life ... rx p23 sb10.html Sedative Dependence . Misuse Main Drug overdose Further Combined Drug Intoxication ... and benzodiazepines are responsible for most of the problems with sedative use due to their widespread ... of 70,982 sedative exposures were reported to U.S. poison control centers, of which 2310 3.2 resulted .... Sedative drugs and crime Sedatives most commonly ethylalcohol alcohol ref cite journal pmid 11468961 ... overviews suggest that the use of sedative spiked drinks for robbing people is actually ... no Sedativ pt Sedativo ru simple Sedative sr fi Sedatiivi sv ... more details
Kindling due to substance withdrawal , refers to the neurological condition which results from repeated withdrawal episodes from sedative hypnotic drugs such as alcohol or benzodiazepine s. Each withdrawal leads to more severe withdrawal symptoms than the first withdrawal syndrome. Individuals who have had more withdrawal episodes are at an increased risk of very severe withdrawal symptoms, up to and including seizures. Withdrawal from GABA ergic acting sedative hypnotic drugs causes acute GABA under activity as well as glutamate over activity which can lead to sensitization and hyper excitability of the central nervous system , excitotoxicity excito neurotoxicity and increasingly profound neuroadaption s. Definition Kindling is the phenomenon which occurs as a result of repeated withdrawal from benzodiazepines or alcohol that leads to increasingly severe withdrawal symptoms, including an increased risk of seizures. Ethanol alcohol , has a very similar mechanism of tolerance and withdrawal as benzodiazepines, involving the GABAA receptor s, NMDA receptor s and AMPA receptor s these receptors are involved in kindling. The research into kindling, a phenomenon which results in increased sensitivity of the nervous system due to multiple acute withdrawals with for example increased seizures, has primarily focused on alcohol. ref name Allison 2003 An intensification of anxiety and other psychological symptoms of alcohol withdrawal also occurs. ref name pmid20148778 cite journal author Heilig M, Egli M, Crabbe JC, Becker HC title Acute withdrawal, protracted abstinence and negative affect in alcoholism are they linked? journal Addict Biol volume 15 issue 2 pages 169 84 year 2010 month April pmid 20148778 pmc 3268458 doi 10.1111 j.1369 1600.2009.00194.x url ref Causes Adaptational changes at the GABA sub A sub benzodiazepine receptor complex do not fully explain tolerance, dependence and withdrawal from benzodiazepines. Other receptor complexes are believed to be involved, ... more details
Meprin may refer to a sedative and tranquilizer, also known as Meprobamate name for the metalloproteinase meprin, consisting of two enzymes meprin &alpha and &beta , encoded by the two genes MEP1A and MEP1B Disambiguation cleanup date December 2011 ... more details
wiktionarypar bromide Bromide can refer to In language Bromide language , a figure of speech meaning a tranquilizing clich used as a verbal sedative In chemistry Bromide , the anion of bromine , or any ionic salt containing bromide as the only anion, or as a common name any covalent compound containing bromine in the 1 oxidation state. Potassium bromide , an anticonvulsant and sedative most pharmacologic information is here Sodium bromide , an anticonvulsant and sedative In photography Bromide paper , paper coated with an emulsion of silver bromide, used primarily for photographic prints In Japanese culture Bromide Japanese culture , commercial photographic portraits of celebrities including geisha, singers, actors and sports people disambig nl Bromide ... more details
A bromide is a phrase or platitude that, having been employed excessively, suggests insincerity or a lack of originality in the speaker employing it. ref name TFD cite web url http www.thefreedictionary.com bromide title The Free Dictionary ref The term bromide derives from the antiquated use of certain bromide salts in medicine as mild sedative tranquilizers and sedative s. Administration of a bromide such as the original Bromo Seltzer prior to 1975 in the U.S. would relieve anxiety and make the patient drowsy. Describing a phrase as a bromide is meant to humorously imply that it is a verbal sedative a boring statement with similar soporific properties. See also Clich Trope literature References references DEFAULTSORT Bromide Language Category Figures of speech de Binsenweisheit ... more details
Carbamazepine Bromoureides are sedative hypnotic s available primarily in Europe , including bromisovalum bromural and carbromal carbitral Horowitz, 1997 . References Horowitz, B., Bromism from Excessive Cola Consumption, Clinical Toxicology, 35 3 , 1997, pp. 315 320. Category Sedatives Category Combination drugs nervous system drug stub ... more details
Chloral betaine is a sleeping tablet or sedative which the body converts to chloral hydrate . Like other drugs of this type chloral betaine is addiction addictive , a small proportion of users who take the drug develop serious or unpleasant side effect s. References http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B7GHR 4FS6PC1 78& user 10& coverDate 07 2F31 2F1963& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& origin search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 1628285938& rerunOrigin google& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 9da9f5918c6093f20b8a3b9689765b33&searchtype a Clinical experience with chloral betaine, a preoperative sedative http www.netdoctor.co.uk medicines 100000498.html Welldorm tablets chloral betaine Category Sedatives psychoactive stub ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 424656326 Combo data type combo component1 N Acetylglycinamide class1 Group, manual link using .. .. component2 Chloral hydrate class2 sedative hypnotic Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Identifiers CAS number 17427 14 4 ATCvet ATC prefix N05 ATC suffix CC03 PubChem DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate is a hypnotic sedative . It is a combination of N Acetylglycinamide acetylglycinamide and chloral hydrate . ref cite journal author Degerholm, E. Harison, A. Leideman, T. Sterner, N. title Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate, a new compound journal Farmacevtisk Revy year 1963 volume 62 issue 29 pages 601 611 ref References reflist Hypnotics and sedatives Category Sedatives Category Combination drugs sedative stub ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 447748904 IUPAC name 3 2,6 Dichlorophenyl 2 ethyl 4 quinazolinone image cloroqualone.png width 120 Clinical data tradename pregnancy category ? legal CA legal US routes of administration ? Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability ? metabolism ? elimination half life ? excretion ? Identifiers CAS number 25509 07 3 ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem 63338 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank ? ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 57005 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 172D4Q6LOW Chemical data C 16 H 12 Cl 2 N 2 O 1 molecular weight 319.185 smiles Clc3cccc Cl c3N 1C O c2c N C 1CC cccc2 InChI 1 C16H12Cl2N2O c1 2 14 19 13 9 4 3 6 10 13 16 21 20 14 15 11 17 7 5 8 12 15 18 h3 9H,2H2,1H3 InChIKey SONHVLIDLXLSOL UHFFFAOYAG StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C16H12Cl2N2O c1 2 14 19 13 9 4 3 6 10 13 16 21 20 14 15 11 17 7 5 8 12 15 18 h3 9H,2H2,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey SONHVLIDLXLSOL UHFFFAOYSA N melting point Cloroqualone is an analogue of methaqualone developed in the 1980s and marketed mainly in France and some other European countries. It has sedative and antitussive properties, and was sold either alone or in combination with other ingredients as a cough medicine. ref http www.biam2.org www Sub1818.html ref Cloroqualone has weaker sedative properties than methaqualone and was sold for its useful cough suppressing effects, but was withdrawn from the French market in 1994 because of concerns about its potential for abuse and overdose. See also Methaqualone Afloqualone Etaqualone Methylmethaqualone Mecloqualone Mebroqualone Diproqualone References references sedative Category Sedatives Category Organochlorides Category Quinazolinones sedative stub ... more details
GABA antagonists are drugs which inhibit the action of GABA . In general these drugs produce stimulant and convulsant effects, and are mainly used for counteracting overdose of sedative drugs. Examples include Bicuculline and Metrazol , and the benzodiazepine GABA A receptor GABA sub A sub receptor antagonist Flumazenil . Also Thujone has properties of GABA sub A sub receptor antagonist. External links MeshName GABA antagonists Receptor agonists and antagonists GABA agonists and antagonists Category GABA antagonists biochem stub da GABA antagonist ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 17 sub H sub 22 sub N sub 2 sub O The molecular formula C sub 17 sub H sub 22 sub N sub 2 sub O molar mass 270.36 g mol, exact mass 270.173213 may refer to Doxylamine , a sedative antihistamine 5 MeO DALT MolFormDisambig ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 9 sub H sub 15 sub NO sub 2 sub The molecular formula C sub 9 sub H sub 15 sub NO sub 2 sub molar mass 169.22 g mol may refer to Aceclidine , a parasympathomimetic miotic agent used in the treatment of narrow angle glaucoma Piperidione , a sedative drug MolFormDisambig sr C9H15NO2 ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 23 sub H sub 22 sub O sub 7 sub The molecular formula C sub 23 sub H sub 22 sub O sub 7 sub molar mass 410.41 g mol may refer to Lactucopicrin , a bitter substance that has a sedative and analgesic effect Tephrosin , a natural fish poison molFormDisambig ... more details
Bekhterev s Mixture lang ru , MixturaBechtereva is a medicine with a sedative effect, affecting central nervous system . The mixture is proposed by famous Russian neurologist Vladimir Bekhterev and subsequently named after him. One of the oldest and most popular medicines of the type, it is used to treat light forms of heart failure , panic disorder , and dystonia . References http medicinelib.ru lecarstva B lecarstva6616.html MixturaBechtereva at medicinelib.ru ru icon Category Sedatives Category Russian inventions ru ... more details
Mental state In psychology , relaxation is the emotional state of low tension, in which there is an absence of arousal that could come from sources such as anger , anxiety , or fear . Relaxation is a form of mild ecstasy coming from the frontal lobe of the brain in which the backward cortex sends signals to the frontal cortex via a mild sedative. clear References reflist emotion footer Category Psychological attitude Category Emotions psychology stub ... more details
Fentanyl fluanisone trade name hypnorm is a combination drug consisting of fentanyl a potent synthetic narcotic analgesic with a rapid onset and short duration of action. ref cite web url http aspi.wisc.edu wpi focus spring96.htm title WCPI Focus on Pain Series The Three Faces of Fentanyl publisher Aspi.wisc.edu date accessdate 2010 07 28 ref and fluanisone a typical antipsychotic and sedative of the butyrophenone class . It is used for moderate sedation and analgesia in animal experiments. References reflist Category Combination drugs ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 400295303 IUPAC name 3 2 bromophenyl 2 methylquinazolin 4 3 H one image mebroqualone.png width 140 Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem 364842 DrugBank ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 323878 Chemical data C 15 H 11 Br 1 N 2 O 1 molecular weight smiles Brc3ccccc3N 1C O c2c N C 1C cccc2 InChI 1 C15H11BrN2O c1 10 17 13 8 4 2 6 11 13 15 19 18 10 14 9 5 3 7 12 14 16 h2 9H,1H3 InChIKey NBUSAPJNASSKBP UHFFFAOYAU StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C15H11BrN2O c1 10 17 13 8 4 2 6 11 13 15 19 18 10 14 9 5 3 7 12 14 16 h2 9H,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey NBUSAPJNASSKBP UHFFFAOYSA N Mebroqualone is an analogue of mecloqualone which presumably has similar sedative and hypnotic properties to its parent compound. Mebroqualone differs from mecloqualone by having a bromine atom instead of a chlorine on the 3 phenyl ring. It was made illegal in Germany in 1998 but little other information is available, it would appear that this compound was sold on the black market in Germany as a designer drug analog chemistry analogue of mecloqualone. ref Zw lfte Verordnung zur nderung bet ubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften. Bundesgesetzblatt 1998 Part I Number 68, p. 3126. 7 October 1998. ref See also Methaqualone Afloqualone Etaqualone Methylmethaqualone Mecloqualone Cloroqualone Diproqualone References references sedative Category Sedatives Category Organobromides Category Quinazolinones sedative stub ... more details
Drugbox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 443211175 IUPAC name carbamic acid 1 cyclohexylpropyl ester image procymate small.png width 202 px Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration oral Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 13931 64 1 ATC prefix none PubChem 3050432 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 308EUN932K Chemical data C 10 H 19 O 2 molecular weight 185.263 g mol smiles CCC C1CCCCC1 OC O N Procymate Equipax is a carbamate derivative which is a sedative and anxiolytic drug. It was previously manufactured and marketed in Belgium . The usual dose for adults is 800 to 1200 mg per day. ref Procymate, Bank of Automated Data on Drugs. VIDAL Drug Database. http www.biam2.org www Sub394.html ref Procymate shares a similar structure and mechanism of action with the related drugs hexapropymate and phenprobamate . References references Sedative Category Sedatives Category Carbamates sedative stub ... more details
Drugbox IUPAC name 2 methyl 3 2 methoxy 4 nitrophenyl 4 3H quinazolinone image nitromethaqualone.svg width 140 Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 340 52 3 ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem 63339 DrugBank ChemSpiderID 57006 Chemical data C 16 H 13 N 3 O 4 molecular weight 311.29 smiles O c1c2ccccc2nc C n1 c3ccc N O O cc3OC Nitromethaqualone Pamox ref Patent cite patent country US number 3162634 ref is an analogue of methaqualone which has similar sedative and hypnotic properties. ref cite pmid 14101319 ref It is significantly more potent 10x compared to the parent compound the typical dose is approximately 25 mg. ref cite pmid 7143214 ref However the aromatic nitro group is metabolised to the corresponding aniline which proved to be a mutagen , ref J Pharm Sci 1982, 71 10 , p.1152 ref ref Annales des Falsifications de l Expertise Chimique et Toxicologique 1987, 80 854 , p.25 ref and consequently nitromethaqualone was not developed further due to toxicity concerns. References reflist sedative Category Sedatives Category Quinazolinones sedative stub ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 390493234 ImageFile Lactucin.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName small 3a R ,4 R ,9a S ,9b R 4 Hydroxy 9 hydroxymethyl 6 methyl 3 methylene 4,5,9a,9b tetrahydro 3a H azuleno 5,4 d furan 2,7 dione small OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 1891 29 8 PubChem 821383 SMILES CC1 C2C C3C C C1 O C C C O O3 C CC2 O CO Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 15 sub H sub 16 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 276.28 g mol Appearance White crystalline solid Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Lactucin is a bitter substance that forms a white crystalline solid and belongs to the group of sesquiterpene lactone s. It is found in some varieties of lettuce and is an ingredient of lactucarium . It has been shown to have analgesic and sedative properties. ref cite journal author Weso owska A, Nikiforuk A, Michalska K, Kisiel W, Chojnacka W jcik E title Analgesic and sedative activities of lactucin and some lactucin like guaianolides in mice journal J Ethnopharmacol volume 107 issue 2 pages 254 8 year 2006 pmid 16621374 doi 10.1016 j.jep.2006.03.003 ref It acts as adenosine receptor agonist . See also Lactucopicrin References references Category sesquiterpene lactones Category Alcohols Category Ketones Category Alkenes ketone stub fa zh ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 447909129 IUPAC name 1 prop 2 yn 1 ylcyclohexyl carbamate image Hexapropymate2d.png width 160 image2 Hexapropymate3d.png Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number 358 52 1 ATC prefix N05 ATC suffix CM10 PubChem 9661 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 0J9RN2PRJ7 Chemical data C 10 H 15 N 1 O 2 molecular weight 181.232 g mol Hexapropymate is a hypnotic sedative . It has effects similar to those of barbiturates and was used in the 1970s 80s in the treatment of insomnia before being replaced with newer drugs with improved safety profiles. ref cite pmid 2770531 ref References references Hypnotics and sedatives Category Carbamates sedative stub hu Hexapropim t sv Hexapropymat ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 448002549 IUPAC name 2,2,2 trichloro 1 3 2,2,2 trichloro 1 hydroxyethoxy 2,2 bis 2,2,2 trichloro 1 hydroxyethoxy methyl propoxy ethanol image Petrichloral.svg width 200 Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL P POM CD Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 78 12 6 ATC prefix none ATC suffix PubChem 6519 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII U49LID4UYJ Chemical data C 13 H 16 Cl 12 O 8 molecular weight 725.697 g mol synonyms Petrichloral Pentaerythritol chloral is a sedative and hypnotic drug related to chloral hydrate . It is a Schedule IV drug in the USA. References references Hypnotics and sedatives Category Sedatives sedative stub ... more details
taxobox image Lumme Nymphaea candida .JPG regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms ordo Nymphaeales familia Nymphaeaceae genus Nymphaea species N. candida binomial Nymphaea candida binomial authority J. Presl Nymphaea candida J. Presl is a species of aquatic plant aquatic perennial plant perennial herbaceous plants in the genus Nymphaea native to quiet freshwater habitats in Eurasia , it is in flower from July to August. It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of Nymphaea alba N. alba N. alba L. subsp. candida J. Presl Korsh. Suggested Medicinal Uses Anaphrodisiac , Anodyne , Antiscrophulatic , Astringent , Cardiotonic , Demulcent and as a Sedative . A decoction of the root may be used in the treatment of diarrhoea or to treat bronchial catarrh, kidney pain and can be taken as a gargle for sore throats. It is also used as a poultice to treat boils. The flowers have a generally calming and sedative effect on the nervous system, making them useful in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and similar disorders. External links http www.efloras.org florataxon.aspx?flora id 2&taxon id 200007086 Nymphaea candida in Flora of China Category Nymphaea candida plant stub az Nymphaea candida cs Lekn n b lostn de Kleine Seerose dsb Ma a wutka et V ike vesiroos es Nymphaea candida hsb Ma a b n awa lv Sniegbalt densroze lt Ma a ied vandens lelija pl Grzybienie p nocne ru fi Pohjanlumme uk ... more details
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