connector used for a serialport on a IBM PC compatible computer. Serialport Pinouts Pinout Image ... 8 pin Mini DIN 8 connector used for a serialport on a Macintosh or Silicon Graphics SGI style computer. In computing , a serialport is a serial communication physical interface through which information ... url http www.webopedia.com TERM S serial port.html title What is serialport? A Word Definition ... computing stream , the term serialport usually identifies hardware more or less compliant to the RS .... Server computing Server computers may use a serialport as a control console for diagnostics. Network ... and widespread. A serialport requires very little supporting software from the host system. Hardware Image RS232 PCI E.jpg thumb right 225px PCI Express card with one serialport Some computers ... common, a minicomputer or microcomputer would have a serialport made of multiple small scale integrated ... port. Early home computers often had proprietary serial ports with pinouts and voltage levels incompatible with RS 232. Inter operation with RS 232 devices may be impossible as the serialport cannot ... still have at least one serialport, even if accessible only through a pin header . Small form ... there. RS 232 has been standard for so long that the circuits needed to control a serialport ... to indicate use of a serialport, since this connector was also used for video, joysticks, and other ... are named from the standpoint of the DTE, for example, an IBM PC compatible serialport. Single ended ... to an RS 232 compatible serialport more than a physical transition, it requires a driver in the host ... port hardware. Hardware abstraction Operating systems usually use a symbolic name to refer to the serial ports of a computer. Unix like operating systems usually label the serialport devices tt dev ... of the more common devices that are connected to the serialport on a PC. Some of these such as modems ... phone Software and applications mobile phones Since the control signals for a serialport can be easily ... more details
A Synchronous SerialPort SSP is a controller that supports the Serial Peripheral Interface SPI , 4 wire Synchronous Serial Interface SSI , and Microwire serial bus es. A SSP uses a master slave paradigm to communicate across its connected Bus computing bus . See also Serial Peripheral Interface Bus Category Serial buses Electronics stub ... more details
Wiktionarypar serialSerial , anything in the form of a wikt series series , can refer to TOC right Media Serial, a type of periodical publication Serial film , short subjects originally shown in theaters in conjunction with feature films, particularly in the 1930s and 1940s Serial radio and television , series of radio and television programs that rely on a continuing plot that unfolds in a sequential episode by episode fashion Serial literature , serialised fiction in print Webserial , serialised written fiction on the Internet Serialism , in music Serial art , in which uniform elements or objects were assembled in accordance with strict modular principles The Serial A Year in the Life of Marin County , a novel by Cyra McFadden Serial 1980 film Serial 1980 film , based on McFadden s novel, starring Martin Mull and Tuesday Weld Technology Serial cable , a type of computer cable Serial communication s, computer communication technologies that use a single stream of data Serial number , a unique number identifying a specific example of a particular product Serialport , a personal computer interface for transferring data streams between devices Serial Peripheral Interface Bus SPI , a simple data link standard designed by Motorola Serialization , the process of converting a data structure into a linear form that can be stored or transmitted Mathematics Serial relation , a relation such that every element has a successor Culture Serial killer , people who, for psychological reasons, murder victims who are generally unknown to them beforehand in at least three different situations See also Cereal a homophone Series disambiguation Serial comma disambig als Seriell de Seriell es Serial fr Serial it Serial ja ... more details
The Serial A Year in the Life of Marin County often referred to as The Serial is a satire satirical novel about Marin County, California , written by Cyra McFadden . ref cite book title subst PAGENAME publisher Prion Books date 2000 04 05 isbn 978 1853753831 ref Beginning in 1976, the book s chapters had been Serial literature serial ized in the Marin County alternative newspaper, Pacific Sun newspaper Pacific Sun . It was first published in book form in 1977. The book deals with life in the mid 1970s in Marin County, a suburban and affluent county just north of San Francisco, California San Francisco . The book was popular at the time of its initial publication. It has since been out of print for several years in the United States. It was reprinted in the United Kingdom by Prion Humour Classics in 2000. A film version of the book, called Serial 1980 film Serial , was released in 1980 and starred Martin Mull and Tuesday Weld . It was received with limited critical praise and did not fare well at the box office. Plot summary The Serial is divided into 52 short chapters. It chronicles the lives of a group of residents of Marin County, mostly in their mid to late 30s and early 40s. The plot revolves around Harvey and Kate Holroyd, a couple in the midst of the mid 1970s Marin County lifestyle who are undergoing marital problems, with many other characters introduced in the book. Analysis The period of the storyline covers a time between the heyday of the Counterculture of the 1960s 1960s counterculture and the culture loosely described as Yuppie . There are elements of soap opera ... Northeast suburbanites. Many of the characters in The Serial also speak a particular jargon ... about , Really to signify assent , and others. The Serial contains a great number of specific references ... of scenes from the novel accompany the text in many of the chapters. Reviews Quotation The Serial ... references DEFAULTSORT Serial, The Category 1977 novels Category Satirical books Category Marin ... more details
equivalent to a serial null modem cable Legacy port Network bridge rollover cable Also known as a Yost cable. References http pinouts.ru pin SerialPortsCables.shtml Serial cables schemes http www.allpinouts.org index.php Category Serial Cables Serial Cables pinouts and specifications DEFAULTSORT Serial Cable Category Multiplayer null modem games Category Telecommunications equipment ja ...Image Serial cable blue .jpg thumb Serial Cables are typically used for RS 232 communication. A serial cable is a cable that can be used to transfer information between two devices using serial communication . The form of connectors depends on the particular serialport used. A cable wired for connecting two data terminal equipment s directly is known as a null modem cable. Maximum cable lengths The maximum working length of a cable varies depending on the characteristics of the transmitters and receivers, the baud rate on the cable, and the capacitance and Electrical resistance resistance of the cable. The RS 232 standard states that a compliant port must provide defined signal characteristics for a capacitive load of 2500 pF. This does not correspond to a fixed length of cable since varying cables have different characteristics. Empirically tested combinations of bit rate, serial ports, cable type, and lengths may provide reliable communications, but generally RS 232 compatible ports are intended to be connected by at the most a few tens of metres of cable. Other serial communications standards are better adapted to drive hundreds or thousands of metres of cable This cable has short transmission distance because of noise limiting the transmission of high numbers of bits per second when the cable is more than 15 meters long. This means that the transmitting and receiving lines are referenced to ground. It is cheap to purchase and is simple to join and connect. It is suitable for unbalanced data standards. Only one device can be connected to the cable. See also Wikibooks Serial ... more details
Multiple issues orphan January 2011 unreferenced June 2009 Serial Front Panel Data Port ref ANSI VITA 17.1 ref Serial FPDP is a high speed low latency data stream ing serial communication protocol. It currently supports three distinct speeds, 1.0625 Gigabit Gbit Second s , 2.125 Gbit s, 2.5 Gbit s. Serial FPDP can operate over long distances, up to Convert 10 km mi , using optical fiber cable s. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Serial Fpdp Category Computer buses Category Digital electronics Compu hardware stub ... more details
In telecommunication and computer science , serial communication is the process of sending data one bit .... Serial communication is used for all long haul communication and most computer network s, where the cost of cable and synchronization difficulties make parallel communication impractical. Serial ... speeds in newer serial technologies have begun to outweigh the parallel bus s advantage ... Express is an example. Serial buses Integrated circuit s are more expensive when they have more pins. To reduce the number of pins in a package, many ICs use a serial bus to transfer data when speed is not important. Some examples of such low cost serial buses include Serial Peripheral Interface Bus SPI , I C , UNI O , and 1 Wire . Serial versus parallel The communication links across which computers&mdash or parts of computers&mdash talk to one another may be either serial or parallel. A parallel ... circuit tracks, or optical fibres a serial link transmits a single stream of data. Although a serial ... the case that serial links can be clocked considerably faster than parallel links in order to achieve a higher data rate. A number of factors allow serial to be clocked at a higher rate Clock skew between different channels is not an issue for unclocked asynchronous serial communication links . A serial connection requires fewer interconnecting cables e.g., wires fibres and hence occupies less ... is less of an issue, because there are fewer conductors in proximity. In many cases, serial is a better option because it is cheaper to implement. Many Integrated circuit IC s have serial interfaces ... of serial communication architectures Morse code telegraphy RS 232 low speed, implemented by Serialportserial ports RS 422 RS 423 RS 485 I C Serial Peripheral Interface Bus SPI ARINC 818 Avionics Digital Video Bus Universal Serial Bus moderate speed, for connecting peripherals to computers FireWire ... Serial Attached SCSI Serial ATA SpaceWire Spacecraft communication network HyperTransport PCI Express ... more details
serial.html PCPD Serial Pin Out Descriptions http www.nicholson.com rhn palm Palm HotSync tm Cradle and serialport information Category Palm, Inc. ...Infobox connector name Palm Serial Connector type Communication, power supply image Image Palm Serial.png 350px logo caption designer Palm, Inc. design date manufacturer production date superseded by Palm Universal Connector superseded by date external hotplug length width height electrical ground maximum voltage maximum current audio signal video signal data signal data bit width data bandwidth data devices data style cable physical connector num pins 10 pin1 RS 232 pin1 name DTR output nonstandard pin2 VCC pin2 name 3.3 V pin3 RxD pin3 name RS 232 input, Signal T RxD pin4 RTS pin4 name RTS RS 232 output pin5 TxD pin5 name RS 232 output, Signal R TxD pin6 CTS pin6 name CTS RS 232 input pin7 HOTSYNC pin7 name HotSync IRQ 3.3 V to press the HotSync button pin8 ID pin8 name Peripheral id. The Palm modem connects this pin to pin 2 to 20 kOhms ID pin9 N C pin9 name is not connected. In the Palm III, 5 V DC output pin10 GND pin10 name Signal Ground pinout image pinout caption pinout notes The Palm Serial were 3 successive proprietary 10 pin Serial connectors on the bottom of the first 3 series of models of PDAs from Palm, Inc. to provide serial communications 1 pre IrDA models 2 the 1st IrDA models 3 the 1st thin, metal body models. In addition to Palm s models and rebranded models like the IBM WorkPad series similar serial connectors have been used in the Ericsson MC16 Palmtop and Handera equipment. Pressing the HotSync button located at the base of the cradle closes a circuit between pins 2 and 7 which causes the activation of MUN2214 NPN transistor connected to pin 38 of the Motorola Dragonball CPU that provides a low signal on the IRQ1 UART, triggering the HotSync process. On pin ... that used the Palm Serial connector Pilot 1000 Pilot 5000 PalmPilot Personal PalmPilot Professional ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Serial crime is generally defined as crimes in a serial or repetitive nature. However, according to criminologists, a habitual offender or a career criminal is not a serial criminal. Serial murder, serial rape and serial arson are the crimes regarded as serial crimes. See also Recidivism List of murderers by number of victims List of serial killers by country External links http www.holysmoke.org fem fem0126.htm The Criminal Behavior of the Serial Rapist 1990 http www.allacademic.com meta p mla apa research citation 1 9 9 9 5 p199956 index.html Serial and Single Victim Rapists Differences in Crime Scene Behaviors 2007 abstract http articles.latimes.com 2002 aug 22 local me rapes22 On the Trails of Serial Rapists Category criminology crime stub ... more details
A television serial is a type of television program that may take one of the following forms A miniseries A soap opera A telenovela See also Serial radio and television disambig ... more details
Use dmy dates date May 2011 Use Australian English date May 2011 Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Serial Thriller Cover Serial Thriller single .jpg Caption Artist Brielle Davis from Album A side B side Released 13 May 2006 small Australia small Format CD single Recorded 2006 Genre Pop rock Length Label Rhythmic Muse, Distributed by Rajon Music Group Writer Christina Amphlett Producer Certification Last single Girl s in Love br 1998 This single Serial Thriller br 2006 Next single Take It Off br 2006 Misc Serial Thriller is a song by written by Christina Amphlett and performed by Australia n singer Brielle Davis . Serial Thriller is Davis s first charting CD single , debuting on the ARIA charts in July 2006 at number forty four and number twenty one on the ARIA Club, the song has a rock beat influence which was a big contrast to her older material. Serial Thriller was written by Chrissy Amphlett from The Divinyls. This tear out release features remixes from mrTimothy, Moneyshott, Jimmy Z & Sam Gee, and Wayne G & Porl Young. Formats and track listings Serial Thriller was released in the Australia 13 May 2006 on CD single format. Australian CD single Serial Thriller radio edit Oxygen DNA alternate mix Serial Thriller mrTimothy remix Serial Thriller JimmyZ & Sam Gee s Filthy 4Play mix Serial Thriller Wayne G & Porl Young electrophunx mix Serial Thriller 3am Moneyshott mix External links http www.brielledavis.com lyrics Serial Thriller Lyrics. http www.rajon.com.au Rajon Music Group Site. Category 2006 singles Category Australian pop songs 2000s pop song stub ... more details
Century depiction by Claude Lorrain , 1638 File Dover Port.jpg thumb right The Port of Dover , United Kingdom File Landungsbr cken, Hamburg.JPG thumb right Port of Hamburg , Germany File Port of Piraeus.jpg thumb The port of Piraeus in Greece File Vizag seaport.jpg thumb Visakhapatnam Port, Andhra Pradesh, India File Port Vell, Barcelona, Spain Jan 2007.jpg thumb right Port of Barcelona , one .... File Port of Kobe02s4100.jpg thumb Port of Kobe , Japan File Montreal Panorama II.jpg thumb right Port of Montreal , Canada . The world s largest inland port. File PortOVan.jpg thumb right Port Metro Vancouver , Canada s largest port File Port of Miami Florida.jpg thumb right Port of Miami , United States File Container port facilities in Newark Bay.JPG thumb Port Newark , seen across Newark Bay , United States. File Inverness harbour in 1999.JPG thumb Inverness , Scotland port in 1999 File Dockhawaii.jpg thumb Cargo port in Hilo , Hawaii A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbor s where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land. Port locations ... transportation, such as trains and trucks, are critical to a port, so that passengers and cargo can also move further inland beyond the port area. Ports with international traffic have customs ... near Dock maritime docks . Types Unreferenced section date August 2011 The terms port and seaport are used for different types of port facilities that handle ocean going vessels, and river port is used ..., or canal have access to a sea or ocean, and are sometimes called inland port s . A fishing port is a port ... commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and depletion of fish may cause a fishing port to be uneconomical. In recent decades, regulations to save fishing stock may limit the use of a fishing port, perhaps effectively closing it. A dry port is a term sometimes ... to a seaport by rail or road. A warm water port anchor warm water port is one where the water does not freeze ... more details
Football club infobox clubname AS Port image fullname Association Sportive du Port nickname founded ground Stade El Hadj Hassan Gouled br Djibouti city , Djibouti capacity 40,000 chairman manager league Djibouti Premier League season 2010 11 position 1st pattern la1 pattern b1 unknown pattern ra1 leftarm1 FFFFFF body1 FFFFFF rightarm1 FFFFFF shorts1 FFFFFF socks1 FFFFFF pattern la2 pattern b2 unknown pattern ra2 leftarm2 FFFFFF body2 FFFFFF rightarm2 FFFFFF shorts2 FFFFFF socks2 FFFFFF AS Port is an Djbouti Djiboutian football soccer football club located in Djibouti city , Djibouti . It currently plays in Djibouti Premier League . Titles Djibouti Premier League 2 2010, 2011 Djibouti Cup 4 1988, 1989, 2010, 2011 Category Football clubs in Djibouti es AS Port ... more details
Refimprove date February 2011 Image Seriennummer.JPG thumb Serial number from an identity document A serial .... Although usually called a number, it may include letters, though ending with digits. Typically serial ... to the next. Units may be marked with several alphanumeric codes, but only one of these will be a serial ... options, and so on. Applications of serial numbering see details Numbering scheme Serial numbers identify otherwise identical individual units with many, obvious uses. Serial numbers are a deterrent ... goods can be identified. Banknote s and other transferable documents of value bear serial numbers ... , as once a defect is found in the production of a particular batch of product, the serial number will identify which units are affected. Serial numbers for intangibles Serial numbers may be used to identify ... multiplayer game . The purpose and application is different. A software serial number, otherwise ... Other uses of the term The term serial number is sometimes used for codes which do not identify a single instance of something. For example, the International Standard Serial Number or ISSN used on magazines ... its name from the library science use of serial to mean a periodical. Certificates and Certificate ... on applying mathematically rigorous serial numbers and serial number arithmetic, again not identifying ... RAF serial XG900 on the Short SC.1 Military and government use The term serial number is also used ... article suggests that service numbers apply to people date January 2009 . In air force s the serial ... of the aircraft fuselage, most often in the tail area, although in some cases the serial is painted on the side of the aircraft s fin rudder s . Because of this, the serial number is sometimes called ... serial takes the form of two letters followed by three digits, e.g., BT308 the prototype Avro ... for Guard appended to the serial, denoting that the aircraft was to have an armed guard at all times ... radar . Prior to this scheme the RAF, and predecessor Royal Flying Corps RFC , utilised a serial ... more details
merge to backbone network date May 2011 A serial backbone is the simplest kind of backbone network . ref CompTIA Network In depth, Chapter 5 p. 169 ref Serial backbones consist of two or more internet working devices connected to each other by a single cable in a daisy chain fashion. A daisy chain is a group of connectivity devices linked together in a serial fashion. Hubs are often connected in this way to extend a network. However, hubs are not the only device that can be connected in a serial backbone . Gateways , Router computing routers , switches and bridges more commonly form part of the backbone. ref Dean, T. 2010 Network Guide to Networks, Fifth Edition ref The serial backbone topology could be used for enterprise wide networks, it is rarely implemented for that purpose. ref http www.angelfire.com mech phattony enterprise.htm , Backbone Networks ref See also Internet backbone Collapsed backbone Parallel backbone Distributed backbone References reflist Category Networks compu network stub ... more details
CompactPCI Serial is a new industrial standard for modular computer systems. It is based on the established ... a system s card components. In contrast to this, CompactPCI Serial uses only serial Point to point telecommunications point to point connections . CompactPCI Serial was officially adopted by the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group PICMG as PICMG CPCI S.0 CompactPCI Serial in March 2011. Its ... Using the IEEE 1101.1 1998 Equipment Practice ref 19 technology . CompactPCI Serial includes ... Serial and CompactPCI PlusIO as a whole were also called CompactPCI Plus . PICMG s first working title of CompactPCI Serial was CPLUS.0. See also Compatibility and Migration . History In recent years, fast serial point to point connections have become the state of the art technology and are gradually ... Serial? publisher MEN Mikro Elektronik GmbH date 2009 01 14 url http www.compactpciserial.net blog,120104,What ... does not offer a standardized solution for the kind of modular, serial connectivity requested for the future. This is why CompactPCI Serial is being defined as the new future standard. It introduces a serial topology while keeping the proven basic concepts of CompactPCI. Star Topology Thanks to modern ... between interface controllers to a Star network star topology built up of serial point to point connections. CompactPCI Serial incorporates this star architecture one system slot can control up ..., CompactPCI Serial does not need bridges, switched fabrics, or special backplanes. The star connection ... Serial can connect a total of nine cards in a system one system slot, eight peripheral through a full ... pipe Optional serial RapidIO 8 x SATA Serial Attached SCSI SAS Supported by SGPIO bus SFF 8485 specification for hot swapping 8 x Universal Serial Bus USB 2.0 8 x USB 3.0 8 x Ethernet 10GBASE ... of CompactPCI Serial PICMG CPCI S.0 defines a single 12 V power supply both for system slots and peripheral slots. Backplane Connectors of CompactPCI Serial The PICMG subcommittee drafting the standard ... more details
In telecommunication , the term serial access has the following meanings Pertaining to the sequential or consecutive transmission telecommunications transmission of data into or out of a device, such as a computer , transmission line , or Computer data storage storage device. A process by which data is obtained from a storage device or entered into a storage device in such a way that the process depends on the location of that data and on a reference to data previously accessed. See also Sequential access References FS1037C MS188 Category Telecommunications terms Category Serial buses telecomm term stub ... more details
A serial computer is typified by internally operating on one bit or Numerical digit digit for each Clock signal clock cycle . Machines with serial main storage devices such as acoustic or magnetostrictive Delay line memory delay lines and Drum memory rotating magnetic devices were usually serial computers. Serial computers required much less hardware than their parallel counterpart ref name Wilkes cite book last Wilkes first M. V. authorlink Maurice Vincent Wilkes coauthors title Automatic Digital Computers publisher John Wiley & Sons date 1956 location New York pages 305 pages url doi id QA76.W5 1956 isbn ref , but were, as a consequence, much slower. Serial machines I m sorting these by the year the first machine was delivered. Or is there a better order? EDVAC 1949 BINAC 1949 UNIVAC I 1951 IBM 650 1954 Elliott Brothers computer company Elliott Brothers Elliott 153 1954 Bendix G 15 1956 LGP 30 1956 Elliott Brothers computer company Elliott Brothers Elliott 803 1958 ZEBRA computer ZEBRA 1958 D 17B guidance computer 1962 PDP 8 S 1966 General Electric GE PAC 4040 process control computer Motorola MC14500B PDP 14 The first computer that was not serial the first parallel computer was the Whirlwind computer Whirlwind 1951. Most of the early massive parallel processing machines were built out of individual serial processors, including ICL Distributed Array Processor 1979 Goodyear MPP 1983 Connection Machine CM 1 1985 Connection Machine CM 2 1987 VIRAM1 computational RAM 2003 References references Compu hardware stub Category Classes of computers Category Early computers Serial computers ... more details
In statistics and signal processing , random variables in a time series have serial dependence if the value at some time t in the series is statistical independence statistically dependent on the value at another time s . A series is serially independent if there is no dependence between any pair. Similarly, a time series has serial correlation if the condition holds that some pair of values are correlation and dependence correlated , rather than the condition of statistical dependence see autocorrelation . If a time series X sub t sub is Stationary process stationary , then statistical dependence between the pair X sub t sub , X sub s sub would imply that there is statistical dependence between all pairs of values at the same lag s &minus t . Unreferenced date November 2010 References reflist External links http www.quantiphile.com 2010 10 05 serial dependence serial dependence at www.quantiphile.com DEFAULTSORT Serial Dependence Category Statistical dependence Category Time series analysis Category Statistical terminology statistics stub ... more details
Infobox Film name Serial Lover image caption director James Huth writer Romain Berthomieu br James Huth starring Mich le Laroque br Albert Dupontel producer Philippe Rousselet distributor budget released 22 April 1998 small France small runtime 83 min. language French Serial Lover is a 1998 in film 1998 film directed by James Huth . Cast Mich le Laroque &ndash Claire Doste Albert Dupontel &ndash Eric Cellier Elise Tielrooy &ndash Alice Doste Forrest Al &ndash Himself Plot Claire Doste is about to reach the age of 35 and has everything one dreams of, such as having four boyfriends and a creative job in a publishing house specialising in Crime fiction crime novels . One day, she invites all of her boyfriends to her birthday dinner so that she can pick out her would be fianc . But an accident happens when Claire is getting the dinner ready. See also List of French language films External links imdb title id 0155157 title Serial Lover Category 1998 films Category 1990s comedy films Category French comedy films Category Black comedy films Category French language films de Serial Lover fr Serial Lover 1990s France film stub CinemaofFrance ... more details
unreferenced date January 2008 The QuantumLink Serial by Tracy Reed writer Tracy Reed on AOL 1988 89 was the first episodic online story. The series was also known as the PC Link Serial and the AppleLink Serial before all three services were unified when Quantum Computer Services Quantum changed its name to AOL. Unlike ad supported The Spot by Scott Zakarin 1995 97 which also added photographs and video to the concept , the The QuantumLink Serial was included in the price of a monthly subscription to AOL. The QuantumLink Serial was played out in online chat rooms, emails and traditional narrative. After each week s chapter was published on each of the three AOL online services Commodore 64 , IBM PC compatible PC and Apple II Apple Macintosh Macintosh , users wrote to author Reed suggesting how they could be part of the story. Each week Reed chose one to a handful of users on each of the three services and wrote them into the narrative, depicting how they interacted with the story through chat rooms, emails etc. Reed altered story lines to reflect the readers input to the characters, as reflected in their unique custom written guest star appearances. Reed began the story with a series of sample chapters, then pitched the project to AOL founder Steve Case and producer Kathi McHugh . Case bought the project immediately, and within three months The Serial was the highest rated text segment of AOL excluding chat rooms and message boards . The story ran for one year, when the death of Reed s father led to a hiatus for the writer. Both Reed and AOL turned to other projects and the series was not re instituted. The concept was brought back on line in 1995 when The Spot by Scott Zakarin debuted as an ad supported site, adding photos and video to the original QuantumLink Serial model. It was highly successful and ran through 1997. Category Web series Internet bcast stub ... more details
Wikify date August 2009 In the epidemiology of Infectious disease communicable infectious diseases , the serial interval refers to the time between successive cases in a chain of transmission. ref Last J.M. 2001 A Dictionary of Epidemiology , Oxford University Press . ref The serial interval is generally estimated from the interval between clinical onsets, in which case it is the clinical onset serial interval when these quantities are observable. ref Cite journal last1 Fine first1 P. E. M. title The Interval between Successive Cases of an Infectious Disease doi 10.1093 aje kwg251 url http aje.oxfordjournals.org content 158 11 1039.full.pdf html journal American Journal of Epidemiology volume 158 issue 11 pages 1039 1047 year 2003 pmid 14630599 pmc ref It could, in principle, be estimated by the Time time interval between infection and subsequent transmission. If it is assumed that infections occur at random during the infectious period, then the average serial interval is the sum of the average Incubation period latent period from infection to infectiousness and half the average infectious period. Serial intervals can vary widely, and may be lifelong for some diseases HIV HIV infection , Chickenpox , Herpes . The serial interval for Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARs was 7 days. ref cite doi 10.1126 science.1086616 ref Related but distinct quantities include the average transmission interval sum of average latent and infectious period the incubation period between infection and disease onset the latent period between infection and infectiousness. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Serial Interval Category Epidemiology ... more details
citations missing article date May 2009 Serial passage is a virus attenuated vaccine attenuation technique developed originally by Louis Pasteur in the 1880s. It is similar to selective breeding , and can be used to create an attenuated strain of a virus to develop vaccine s, or to increase the virulence of a viral strain in order to create epidemic s. The process involves infecting a series of host organisms with a virus. Each time the virus is given some time to incubate, and then the next host is infected with the incubated virus. The virus may mutate repeatedly into a form that is resistant to a wide variety of host immune system defenses, or a weaker strain may result. Pasteur produced an early rabies vaccine by using serial passage to transmit the virus until an attenuated developed which could be used to stimulate an immune response without causing a pathological infection. Scientists have observed that non virulent forms of HIV can give rise to virulent strains after serial passage occurs in primate s. Serial passage is also used in antimicrobial testing to determine how quickly an organism can acquire resistance to an antibiotic. External links http www.fas.org ahead docs rabies.htm Brief mention of Pasteur s work with rabies serial passage cite journal author Locher CP, Witt SA, Herndier BG, et al. title Increased virus replication and virulence after serial passage of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in baboons journal J. Virol. volume 77 issue 1 pages 77 83 year 2003 month January pmid 12477812 pmc 140565 url http jvi.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 12477812 Category Virology Category Microbial population biology Category Microbiology Virus stub ... more details
Serial sevens , counting down from one hundred by seven s, is a clinical test used to test mental function for example, to help assess mental status after possible head injury or in suspected cases of dementia . It forms part of the Mini mental state examination . The test is also used in determining when a patient is becoming unconscious under anaesthetic, for example prior to major dental surgery. On its own, the inability to perform serial sevens is not diagnostic of any particular disorder or impairment, but is generally used as a quick and easy test of concentration and memory in any number of situations where clinicians suspect that these cognitive functions might be affected. Similar tests include serial threes where the counting downwards is done by threes, reciting the months of the year in reverse order, or spelling world backwards. A study involving uninjured high school athletes concluded that the serial sevens test is not appropriate when testing for concussion because it lacks sensitivity and specificity specificity the pass rate is too low to give any meaningful result. The ability to recite the months in reverse order was thought to be a more effective measure because the pass rate was higher for that test in uninjured athletes. ref cite journal pmid 9262887 year 1997 month Jul author Young, Cc Jacobs, Ba Clavette, K Mark, Dh Guse, Ce title Serial sevens not the most effective test of mental status in high school athletes volume 7 issue 3 pages 196 8 issn 1050 642X journal Clinical journal of sport medicine official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine doi 10.1097 00042752 199707000 00008 ref The numbers of the serial sevens test are a recurring motif in Sarah Kane s play 4.48 Psychosis . References reflist Category Psychiatric instruments cognitive impairment and dementia Category Cognitive tests Category Neuropsychological tests psych stub ... more details
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