other uses of Serialism Serial disambiguation Image Nono Variazioni canoniche, rhythmic values row.png ... Nono Whittall 2008, 165 In music , serialism is a method or technique of Musical composition composition ... elements . Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg s twelve tone technique , though his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as one example of atonality post tonal thinking ... progressions, and variation music variations . Other types of serialism also work with set music ... music dynamics , and timbre . The idea of serialism is also applied in various ways in the visual arts ... serialism or total serialism is the use of series for aspects such as duration, dynamics, and register ... World War II serial music from twelve tone music and its American extensions, are general serialism and multiple serialism Grant 2001, 5 6 . Composers such as Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern , Alban Berg ... Lateef and Bill Evans used serialism only for some of their compositions or only for some sections of pieces. Basic definitions Serialism is a method Griffiths 2001, 116 , highly specialized ..., serialism is not by itself a system of composition, nor is it a style. Neither is pitch serialism ... also as serial music . Twelve tone serialismSerialism of the first type is most specifically ... in particular ways to give a piece unity. Serialism is often broadly applied to all music written ... Webernian serialism will be used to denote works that extend serial techniques to other elements of music. Other terms used to make the distinction are 12 note serialism for the former, and integral serialism for the latter. A row may be assembled pre compositionally perhaps to embody particular ... only once. Non twelve tone serialism Rules of analysis derived from twelve tone theory do not apply to serialism of the second type in particular the ideas, one, that the series is an intervallic ... working with twelve tone technique in works like Sept Versets 1950 and Trois Chants sacr s 1951 , serialism ... more details
Refimprove date June 2008 List of pieces that use serialism Organized by composer Jean Barraqu au del du hasard premier Commentaire de Affranchi du hasard et du Temps Restitu for four instrumental groups and one vocal group 1958 59 Chant apr s Chant for six percussionists, voice and piano 1965 66 Concerto for six instrumental groups and two solo instruments vibraphone and clarinet 1962 68 tude for 3 track tape 1952 53 S quence for voice, percussion and chamber ensemble 1950 55 Piano Sonata Barraqu Sonata for Piano 1950 52 Le Temps Restitu for soprano, chorus and orchestra 1956 68 Pierre Boulez Anth mes , for violin solo 1991 94 Anth mes Anth mes II , for violin and live electronics 1997 Cummings ist der Dichter , for chorus and ensemble 1970 1986 D rive 1 , for six instruments 1984 D rive 2 , for eleven instruments 1988 2002 2006 Domaines , for clarinet solo or for clarinet and six instrumental groups 1968 tudes 2 , musique concr te 1951 52 ...explosante fixe... for flute, clarinet, and trumpet 1971 72 for flute, clarinet, trumpet, harp, vibraphone, violin, viola, cello, and electronics 1973 74 version for vibraphone and electronics 1986 for solo MIDI flute, two shadow flutes, chamber orchestra, and electronics 1991 93 version for vibraphone and electronics 1986 Figures doubles prismes , for orchestra 1957 58 1964 1968 Improvis pour le Dr. K , for flute, clarinet, piano, violin, and cello 1969 revised 2005 Incises Boulez Incises , for piano 1994 2001 Livre , for string ... Construction in Metal for percussion ensemble 1939 Citation needed date September 2009 Serialism ??? Jacques ... if the serialism used is not twelve tone, this piece belongs not in this list, but rather in List of pieces which use serialism . ref Film score for The Curse of the Werewolf 1961 ref Dimitri Kenneway ... the method twelve tone serialism almost entirely. ref Josef Matthias Hauer All works written ... Serialism And Twelve Tone Category Lists of musical works Serialism and twelve tone Category Serialism ... more details
In music , order is the specific arrangement of a set music set of discrete entities, or parameters, such as pitch music pitch , Dynamics music dynamics , or timbre . Order is particularly important in the theories of compositional techniques originating in the 20th century such as the twelve tone technique and serialism . Analytical techniques such as set theory music set theory take care to distinguish between ordered and unordered collections. In traditional theory concepts such voicing music voicing include ordering. See also Order mathematics Category Music theory music theory stub ... more details
for the infinitesimal part Moment time In music a time point Point geometry point in time is the beginning of a sound , rather than its Duration music duration . In serial music a time point set , proposed by Milton Babbitt 1962 , is a temporal order of pitch class pitches in a tone row which indicates the instants at which the note music notes start. This has advantages over a duration scale or row built from multiples of a unit, as proposed by Karlheinz Stockhausen 1957 . Roads 2001, p.78 Source Roads, Curtis 2001 . Microsound . Cambridge MIT Press. ISBN 0 262 18215 7. Category Post tonal music theory Category Rhythm Category Serialism music theory stub ... more details
Distinguish Ceres disambiguation Selfref For the sets of articles used to cover broad topics on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia Article series . Wiktionary series singular plural may refer to anything of a serial form Mathematics and science Series botany , a taxonomic rank between genus and species Series mathematics , the sum of a sequence of terms Series and parallel circuits Series circuits Series circuits , a kind of electrical network Seriation archaeology , a method of dating objects Seriation semiotics , a concept in interpreting phenomena Series stratigraphy , a stratigraphic unit deposited during a certain interval of geologic time Media Book series Film series Television program Television series List of video game franchises Video game series Comic book Comic book series Music Serialism including the twelve tone technique The ordered Set music sets used in serialism including tone row s The harmonic series music See also sequence Other uses Series United States currency , referring to the year that a bill s design was adopted A book series A sequence of playoff format competitive sports events , sometimes to decide a championship see also World Series disambiguation Serial radio and television , series of television program s and radio program s that rely on a continuing plot that unfolds in a sequential episode by episode fashion Television series , the Australian, British, and a number of others countries equivalent term for the North American television season , a set of episodes produced by a television serial. Land Rover Series , early Land Rover workhorses forerunners to the Defender disambig ar ast Serie ca S rie cs S rie da Serie de Serie es Serie eo Serio fa fr S rie it Serie disambigua hu Sorozat egy rtelm s t lap nl Serie ja pt S rie ro Serie sq Seria kthjellim sv Serie th uk ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 The New Venice School is a movement in contemporary music in Venice from the 1970s to the present, made up of composers directly influenced from teachings at the Venice Conservatory Conservatorio Benedetto Marcello of the distinguished composer and pedagogue Baron Ernesto Rubin de Cervin Albrizzi born 1936 , who studied under Luigi Dallapiccola in Florence and Goffredo Petrassi in Rome. His many students include the composer and conducting conductor Giuseppe Sinopoli 1946 2001 the composer and teacher Marino Baratello born 1953 the composer Claudio Ambrosini born 1948 and the Amsterdam based, English composer Geoffrey King composer Geoffrey King born 1949 . Although not directly influenced by the legacy of Rubin de Cervin and the above listed lineage, other Venetian composers were influential in the development of new music in Venice, namely Bruno Maderna 1920 1973 and Luigi Nono 1924 1990 . Style There is no specific musical style that characterizes the music of the New Venice movement their musics are varied and include influences from serialism e.g., the music of Rubin de Cervin and his disciple, Sinopoli and musical elements from jazz are evident e.g. the music of Baratello with a strong emphasis on modern polyphony. Certainly, their influences include the indigenous history of Venetian music, including the influence of Arnold Schoenberg and the Second Viennese School and experimental serial and post serial Vague date August 2009 Since serialism is a technique, not an historical period, what on earth is post serial ? developments at Darmst dter Ferienkurse Darmstadt , specifically the music of Karlheinz Stockhausen . Category Contemporary classical music Category Italian music Category History of Venice after 1797 nl Nieuwe Venetiaanse School ... more details
Cleanup date August 2010 This is a list of musical movements in European classical music . These terms, helpful for curriculum curricula or anthology anthologies , evolved over time to group musicians who are often loosely related. Some of these movements were defined by the members themselves, while other terms emerged decades or centuries after the periods in question. Ordering is approximate, as there is considerable overlap. List of musical movements Baroque music Classical period music Contemporary classical music Electronic art music Galante music Groupe des six Impressionist music Minimalism Minimalist music Modernism music Neoclassicism music Neoromanticism music Post minimalism Postmodern music Renaissance music Romantic music Second Viennese school Serialism 20th century classical music 21st century classical music See also Art music List of art movements Western music genres Category Classical music lists Movements Category Music history Category Musical terminology ... more details
Orphan date May 2009 Bernhard Lewkovitch born 28 May 1927 is a Denmark Danish composer , educated at the musical conservatories at Paris and K benhavn. He has worked as an organist and cantor at the Catholic St. Ansgar s Cathedral in Copenhagen. His works include various pieces for instrumental ensembles, along with numerous compositions for mixed choir, e.g. Five Danish madrigals op. 12 and Three Italian madrigals op. 13 , the latter set to poems by Torquato Tasso . Lewkovitch s style moved from modality to serialism in the 1950s, and he has also worked with avant garde techniques. External links http www.doks.dk organistbladet 2002 10 bernhardl.htm Conversation with Lewkovitch at his turning seventy five Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Lewkovitch, Bernhard ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 28 May 1927 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Lewkovitch, Bernhard Category Danish composers Category Danish classical organists Category 1927 births Category Living people da Bernhard Lewkovitch ... more details
In music , precompositional decisions are those decisions which a composer decides upon before or while beginning to create a musical composition composition . These limits may be given to the composer, such as the length or style needed, or entirely decided by the composer. Precompositional decisions may also include which key music key , scale music scale , musical form , style, music genre genre , or idiom in which to write, to use techniques such as the twelve tone technique , serialism , or not to consciously use a system at all. Other examples may include isorhythm , ostinato , passacaglia , chaconne , rhythm s, or chord progression . Precompositional decisions do not necessarily, and almost always do not, preclude compositional decisions, and may actually allow the initial consideration of the choices to be made. One might say that, thus, while it liberates imagination as to what the world may be, it refuses to legislate as to what the world is Bertrand Russell , Our Knowledge of the External World . Thus precompositional decisions do not necessarily ease the compositional choices. On the other hand the concept of precompositional decisions is unclear as it is often impossible to determine which decisions occur before or during a composition. External links http www.jsl.ch quotes quotes9.htm Improvisation and Precomposition The Eternal Cycle Category Musical terminology ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Gunnar Berg 11 January 1909 &ndash 1989 was a Switzerland Swiss born Denmark Danish composer , and perhaps the leading exponent of serialism in Denmark. Berg was born to Danish and Sweden Swedish parents in Switzerland. He studied with Herman David Koppel from 1938 to 1942, and moved to Paris in 1948, where he became associated with Arthur Honegger Honegger and Olivier Messiaen Messiaen . In 1952 he married the piano pianist B atrice Duffour , who would later record much of his piano music. In the same year he became the first Dane to attend the summer courses at Darmstadt . Berg is considered to have written the first Danish serial piece, a Suite for cello , in 1950. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Berg, Gunnar ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 11 January 1909 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1989 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Berg, Gunnar Category 1909 births Category 1989 deaths Category 20th century classical composers Category Danish composers Denmark composer stub da Gunnar Berg komponist ja ... more details
Unsourced date January 2010 File Claude ballif.JPG thumb 250 px Claude Ballif Claude Ballif 22 May 1924 in Paris &ndash 24 July 2004 in Poissons was a France French composer. His music is known as a combination of tonality in the sense of Bela Bartok Bartok , for instance and serialism a system that he named metatonality . Claude Ballif was a committed pedagogue who taught composition and analysis at the Paris Conservatoire from 1971 to 1990. Following this, he taught the same subjects at the Sevran conservatory. His pupils included Raynald Arseneault , Nicolas Bacri , G rard Buquet , Alexandre Desplat , Joseph Fran ois Kremer , Philippe Manoury , and Mehmet Okonsar . External links fr http brahms.ircam.fr index.php?id 237 Detailed biography on Ircam site Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Ballif, Claude ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 22 May 1924 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 24 July 2004 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Ballif, Claude Category French composers Category 1924 births Category 2004 deaths France composer stub de Claude Ballif fr Claude Ballif ... more details
Image Schoenberg Die Jakobsleiter opening hexachord.png thumb right 450px Hexachord ostinato , in cello, which opens Die Jakobsleiter ref Whittall, Arnold. 2008. The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism. Cambridge Introductions to Music , p.23. New York Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978 0 521 68200 8 pbk . ref audio Schoenberg Die Jakobsleiter opening hexachord.mid Play Die Jakobsleiter Jacob s Ladder is an oratorio by Arnold Schoenberg that marks his transition from a contextual or free atonality to the twelve tone technique anticipated in the oratorio s use of hexachord hexachords . Though ultimately unfinished by Schoenberg the piece was prepared for performance by Schoenberg student Winfried Zillig at the request of Gertrude Schoenberg . The piece is also notable for its use of developing variation . Notable recordings include one with Ian Partridge , conducted by Pierre Boulez . Source references External links http www.time.com time magazine article 0,9171,895447,00.html Time.com Schoenberg Revisited Viewing http www.youtube.com watch?v BpMjjzKznDo YouTube.com World premiere of Arnold Schoenberg s 1874 1951 oratorio Die Jakobsleiter in Vienna, 1961 part I , and http www.youtube.com watch?v d1X9NMTSOdE part II discussion DEFAULTSORT Jakobsleiter Category Oratorios Category Compositions by Arnold Schoenberg Category Unfinished musical compositions Category Musical compositions completed by others classical composition stub de Die Jakobsleiter Sch nberg ja fi Jaakobin tikapuut ... more details
equated serialism with the advanced music Babbitt described in his article, and said By the 1960 s, the Serialists ... was dominated by serialism and serial composers is demonstrably false. This was a period of diversity ... of styles. Serialism emerged as a viable compositional alternative in this period, but only one among many. Serialism and serial composers had no power to coerce or compel. Straus 1999, 307 ... Category Serialism Category Articles created via the Article Wizard ... more details
refimprove date December 2010 Trevor Denis ApIvor April 14, 1916 May 27, 2004 was a United Kingdom British composer . He belonged to the generation of modernists that included Humphrey Searle and Elisabeth Lutyens . Born in County Westmeath , Ireland , to Wales Welsh parents, he went to Hereford Cathedral School then studied medicine in London , but had pursued the study of music from an early age. He studied musical composition composition with Alan Rawsthorne and Patrick Hadley . His most successful early works included a setting of T. S. Eliot s The Hollow Men 1939 , several ballet s, including A Mirror for Witches 1952 and Blood Wedding 1953 , and an opera , Yerma 1954 . Around 1960, he began composing in a serialism serialist style, and this continued until the late 1980s, when he returned to diatonic composition. ApIvor is particularly well known to guitar ists, as he made a major contribution to the repertoire of their instrument. Solo works include Variations 1959 , Discanti 1970 , Saeta 1972 , and ten serial pieces included with his book Serial Composition for Guitarists 1982 . He also wrote a Concertino for guitar 1954 , Liaison for guitar and keyboard 1976 , and Cinquefoil for flute, guitar, and viola 1984 . External links http www.guardian.co.uk obituaries story 0,,1237940,00.html Obituary from The Guardian http www.musicweb international.com apivor Denis ApIvor British Composer Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Apivor, Denis ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 14, 1916 PLACE OF BIRTH County Westmeath , Ireland DATE OF DEATH May 27, 2004 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Apivor, Denis Category 1916 births Category 2004 deaths Category 20th century classical composers Category Welsh composers Category British composers Category Irish composers Category Opera composers Category People educated at Hereford Cathedral School Category People from County Westmeath Category Irish people of Welsh descent ... more details
Image P R I RI.png thumb Prime, retrograde, inverse, and bottom right retrograde inverse. Retrograde inversion is a Musical terminology musical term that literally means backwards and upside down The inverse of the series is sounded in reverse order. ref Benward & Saker 2003 . Music In Theory and Practice , Vol. I, p.310. Seventh Edition. ISBN 978 0 07 294262 0. ref This is a technique used in music, specifically in twelve tone technique , where the Inversion music inversion and Retrograde music retrograde techniques are performed on the same tone row successively, t he inversion of the prime series in reverse order from last pitch to first. ref Benward & Saker 2003 , p.359. ref Conventionally, inversion is carried out first, and the inverted form is then taken backward to form the retrograde inversion, so that the untransposed retrograde inversion ends with the pitch that began the prime form of the series. In his late twelve tone works, however, Igor Stravinsky preferred the opposite order, so that his row charts use inverse retrograde IR forms for his source sets, instead of retrograde inversions RI , although he sometimes labeled them RI in his sketches. ref Paul Schuyler Phillips, The Enigma of Variations A Study of Stravinsky s Final Work for Orchestra , Music Analysis 3, no. 1 March 1984 69 89. Citation on p. 70, and p. 88, n. 6. ref Other uses Retrograde Inversion is also the name of a rock group from the south east of England. Sources reflist Twelve tone technique DEFAULTSORT Retrograde Inversion Category Serialism Music theory stub ... more details
Wiktionarypar serial Serial , anything in the form of a wikt series series , can refer to TOC right Media Serial, a type of periodical publication Serial film , short subjects originally shown in theaters in conjunction with feature films, particularly in the 1930s and 1940s Serial radio and television , series of radio and television programs that rely on a continuing plot that unfolds in a sequential episode by episode fashion Serial literature , serialised fiction in print Webserial , serialised written fiction on the Internet Serialism , in music Serial art , in which uniform elements or objects were assembled in accordance with strict modular principles The Serial A Year in the Life of Marin County , a novel by Cyra McFadden Serial 1980 film Serial 1980 film , based on McFadden s novel, starring Martin Mull and Tuesday Weld Technology Serial cable , a type of computer cable Serial communication s, computer communication technologies that use a single stream of data Serial number , a unique number identifying a specific example of a particular product Serial port , a personal computer interface for transferring data streams between devices Serial Peripheral Interface Bus SPI , a simple data link standard designed by Motorola Serialization , the process of converting a data structure into a linear form that can be stored or transmitted Mathematics Serial relation , a relation such that every element has a successor Culture Serial killer , people who, for psychological reasons, murder victims who are generally unknown to them beforehand in at least three different situations See also Cereal a homophone Series disambiguation Serial comma disambig als Seriell de Seriell es Serial fr Serial it Serial ja ... more details
Connotations is a piece for orchestra by Aaron Copland . The piece was commissioned by Leonard Bernstein in 1962 to commemorate the opening of Philharmonic Hall, now Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City , United States. This piece marks a departure from Copland s populist period that began with El Sal n M xico in 1936 and includes the works he is most famous for such as Appalachian Spring , Lincoln Portrait and Rodeo . It represents a return to his period of composition that started following his return from Europe in 1924 after studying under Nadia Boulanger and continuing until the Great Depression . The piece is dodecaphonic a style of composition which is among the first introduced, and certainly most well known, forms of musical Serialism . As serial and serial inspired music was considered more academically viable than music utilizing common practice tonality especially in Europe , some contemporary critics felt that Copland was trying to retain his place at the apex of the American classical music scene by conforming to academic standards. As Copland had been one of the first American composers to import the style from Europe in the mid twenties these critics may have overlooked the possibility that his populist period may have represented the more jarring deviation in his compositional style. External links Essay by music critic Kyle Gann http musicmavericks.publicradio.org features essay gann03.html Brief Description of Connotations http www.americansymphony.org dialogues extensions 92 93season 3rd concert copland.cfm Category Compositions by Aaron Copland Category 1962 compositions Category Compositions for symphonic orchestra Category Serial compositions ... more details
Charles Whittenberg July 6, 1927, St. Louis, Missouri d. August 22, 1984, Hartford, Connecticut was an American composer and holder of two Guggenheim Fellowship s. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri St. Louis and graduated from the Eastman School of Music in 1948. A New York resident from 1950, his music has been performed with increasing frequency in major musical centers of the US and Europe. He served as guest lecturer on electronic music and serialism serial techniques at the University of Massachusetts , as an affiliate of the Columbia Princeton Electronic Music Center, and Instructor of instrumental techniques at the Summer Institute of Bennington College , Vermont. In more recent years he served on the faculty of the University of Connecticut at Storrs. Among his works is an important brass quintet entitled Triptych , commissioned by the American Brass Quintet in 1960. He died, aged 57, in 1984 from heart disease. External links http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9F0CE6DA1338F937A1575BC0A962948260 His obituary at the New York Times Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Whittenberg, Charles ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION American composer DATE OF BIRTH July 6, 1927 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH August 22, 1984 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Whittenberg, Charles Category 1927 births Category 1984 deaths Category American composers Category American educators Category Deaths from cardiovascular disease Category People from St. Louis, Missouri Category People from Hartford, Connecticut Category Rome Prize winners US composer 20thC stub ... more details
The Symphony No. 2 , composed by England English composer William Walton , was commissioned by the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Society to celebrate the city s 750th anniversary in 1957. The Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra , conducted by John Pritchard conductor John Pritchard gave the first performance in 1960 at the Edinburgh International Festival Edinburgh Festival . The work is in three movements. Tempo Italian tempo markings Allegro molto Lento assai Passacaglia Theme, Variations, Fugato , and Coda Scherzando It is scored for a large symphony orchestra comprising 3 flute s 3rd doubling piccolo , 3 oboe s 3rd doubling cor anglais , 3 clarinet s 2nd doubling clarinet in E flat , 3rd doubling bass clarinet , 3 bassoon s 3rd doubling contrabassoon , 4 horn instrument horns , 3 trumpet s, 3 trombone s, tuba , timpani , percussion instrument s four players , piano , Celesta celeste , 2 harp s and String instrument string s. The symphony was the subject of harsh press criticism on account of its seemingly conservative style at a time when the European avant garde style was in its ascendance. With time, however, it has been recognised ref http www.independent.co.uk arts entertainment theatre dance features william walton the enfant terrible of oldham 655757.html ref as a mature, subtle and superbly crafted work with many refinements of orchestration , a characteristic of this composer. ref Kennedy, Michael 1989 . Portrait of Walton . Oxford University Press. pp 211 214 ref The finale is notable for its use of a twelve tone note row, a device used in serialism . References references Category Compositions by William Walton Symphony 2 Category 20th century symphonies Walton, William 2 Category 1960 compositions ja 2 ... more details
Dmitri Shostakovich Dmitri Shostakovich s String Quartet No. 12 in D flat major Op. 133 was composed in 1968. It is dedicated to Dmitry Tsyganov , the first violin of the Beethoven Quartet , which premiered the work. The work consists of two movements and last approximately 26 minutes Tempo Italian tempo markings Moderato Allegretto Moderato Allegretto Moderato Allegretto Tempo Italian tempo markings Adagio Moderato Adagio Moderato Allegretto The piece contains twelve tone technique twelve tone elements, such as the opening in the cello Image Shostakovich String Quartet No. 12 opening.png thumb 400px center Opening of the first movement in the cello audio Shostakovich String Quartet No. 12 opening.mid Play outlines a tone row ref Whittall, Arnold. 2008. The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism , p.156. New York Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978 0 521 68200 8 pbk . ref br C F Cb Bb D G Gb Eb Fb Bbb Ab Db See also Violin Sonata Shostakovich Source reflist External links Robert Cummings. http www.allclassical.com cg amg.dll?p amg&sql 42 26321 T1 String Quartet No. 12 in D flat major, Op. 133 , AllMusic http www.quartets.de compositions ssq12.html Shostakovich the string quartets Quartet no. 12 Shostakovich String Quartets Category String quartets by Dmitri Shostakovich 12 Category 1968 compositions chamber composition stub fr Quatuor cordes n 12 de Chostakovitch nl Strijkkwartet nr. 12 Sjostakovitsj ja 12 ru 12 ... more details
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