Paavo Heininen born 13 January 1938 in J rvenp is a Finnish people Finnish composer and pianist . He studied at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki , where he was taught composition by Aarre Merikanto , Einojuhani Rautavaara , Einar Englund , and Joonas Kokkonen . He continued his studies in Cologne and at the Juilliard School of Music in New York . Heininen is one of the most important Finnish modernism music modernist composers. His works can be roughly divided into two periods dodecaphony dodecaphonic c. 1957 1975 and serialism postserialist from 1976 onwards . Heininen has taught composition at the Sibelius Academy. His pupils include Magnus Lindberg and Kaija Saariaho . Heininen s main works include five symphonies, four piano concertos, a concerto for alto saxophone and orchestra, a violin concerto, a cello concerto, Adagio a concerto for an orchestra in the form of variations , Poesia squillante ed incandescente , a string quintet, ...tytt jen k vely ruusulehdossa... for string orchestra, and the opera s The Knife 1985 1988 and The Damask Drum 1981 1983 . References Anderson, Martin. 2002. Heininen, Paavo Johannes . The Oxford Companion to Music , edited by Alison Latham. Oxford and New York Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198662122. Oramo, Ilkka. 2001. Heininen, Paavo Johannes . The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians , second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell professor of music John Tyrrell . London Macmillan Publishers. Parsons, Jeremy Paavo Heininen , The Musical Times , Vol. 119, No. 1628 Oct., 1978 , pp. 850 853 http www.jstor.org stable 957787 External links http www.fennicagehrman.fi comp heininen.htm Fennica Gehrman s Heininen page publisher Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Heininen, Paavo ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 13 January 1938 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Heininen, Paavo Category 1938 births Category Living people Category Finnish composers Category Finnis ... more details
Donald Oscar Banks 25 October 1923 5 September 1980 was an Australian composer of concert, jazz, and commercial music. He initially studied at the University of Melbourne , then moved to London where he studied with M ty s Seiber . Further studies with Milton Babbitt , Luigi Dallapiccola , and Luigi Nono convinced him of the merits of serialism , which he incorporated into his compositional technique. Through Seiber, he gained contacts in the film industry, where he became a frequent composer of music, mainly for cartoons, and the horror movies produced by Hammer Films . Beginning in the mid 1960s, he composed a number of works in the Third Stream style espoused by Gunther Schuller , mixing jazz and concert music idioms, and began a series of works using electronic music materials. Banks s best known works include the Sonata da Camera for flute, clarinet, bass clarinet, piano, percussion, violin, viola, and cello 1961 , a Horn Concerto 1965 , and Violin Concerto 1968 . The Don Banks Music Award , funded by the Australia Council for the Arts , is named after him. Hammer crew External links http www.amcoz.com.au composers composer.asp?id 189 AMCOZ Web Profile http www.ozco.gov.au grants grants music don banks music award Don Banks Music Award http www.musicaustralia.org apps MA?function showDetail¤tMapsRecord ANL MA 584575&itemSeq 1&total 17&returnFunction viewTheme& Music Australia source the National Library http archive.amol.org.au guide stories switched on index.asp History of British and Australian innovation, includes Don Banks ideas and equipment http www.adb.online.anu.edu.au biogs A130121b.htm Biography of Don Banks Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Banks, Don ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 25 October 1923 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 5 September 1980 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Banks, Don Category Third Stream musicians Category Australian film score composers Banks, Don Category Australian composers Banks, Don Categ ... more details
Ramiro Cort s born Dallas, Texas 25 November 1933 died Salt Lake City, Utah 2 July 1984 was an American composer. Cort s studied with Henry Cowell , Richard Donovan, Ingolf Dahl , Vittorio Giannini , Roger Sessions , Halsey Stevens , and, in Rome on a Fulbright Fellowship, with Goffredo Petrassi . He worked for a brief period in the 1960s as a computer programmer, and then taught composition at the University of California, Los Angeles 1966 67 , University of Southern California 1967 72 , and the University of Utah 1972 84 . His earlier compositions employed Serialism serial technique, but beginning in the late 1960s he turned to a freer form of chromatic atonality . Works selective list Piano Sonata no. 1 1954 Sinfonia sacra 1954 59 Chamber Concerto for Cello and 12 Winds 1957 58 78 Prometheus , opera, after Aeschylus 1960 String Quartet no. 1 1962 Three Movements for Five Winds , for wind quintet 1967 68 R ve parisien text Baudelaire , for soprano and string quartet 1971 72 Concerto for Piano and Orchestra 1975 Piano Sonata no. 3 1979 String Quartet no. 2 1983 Music for Strings 1983 Sources Hitchcock, H. Wiley and Michael Meckna. Cort s, Ramiro . Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy Accessed 28 June 2007 , http www.grovemusic.com subscription access Pitt, Roland Charles. 1990. The Piano Music of Ramiro Cort s. DMA Dissertation. Austin University of Texas. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Cortes, Ramiro ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 25 November 1933 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 2 July 1984 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Cortes, Ramiro Category 20th century classical composers Category 1933 births Category 1984 deaths Category University of California, Los Angeles faculty Category University of Southern California faculty Category University of Utah faculty Category American composers Category Opera composers ... more details
The Ensemble l Itin raire is one of the main European ensembles dedicated to the performance of contemporary music , known in particular in spectral music . Spectral music alters timbres by assembling orchestral masses. ref Griffiths, p. 249. ref Based in Paris, it was founded in January 1973 by Micha l L vinas , Tristan Murail , Hugues Dufourt , G rard Grisey and Roger Tessier . ref the question of timbre , though it is rigorously tackled by Arnold Schoenberg Sch nberg in his theory of the melody of timbres and above all by Anton Webern Webern , nevertheless has pre serial music serial origins, especially in Claude Debussy Debussy in this regard a founding father of the same rank as Sch nberg. Later, it also provided the grounds for the break with Pierre Boulez Boulez s structural orientations and the contestation of the legacy of serialism which was carried out by the French group L Itin raire G rard Grisey, Micha l Levinas, Tristan Murail ... . Badiou, p. 82. ref Michael Levinas is the son of the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas . ref Malka, p. 254 270. ref Many of the composers studied at IRCAM . ref Griffiths, p. 310. ref Since its creation, it has collaborated with many music composer composers and created hundreds of art pieces. References Bibliography Alain Badiou Badiou, Alain . Logics of Worlds . Trans. Alberto Toscano . London Continuum, 2009. Griffiths, Paul. Modern Music and After Directions since 1945 . Oxford Oxford University Press, 1995. Malka, Salomon. Emmanuel Levinas His Life and Legacy . Trans. Michael Kigel & Sonja M. Embree. Pittsburgh Duquesne University Press, 2006. Notes reflist External links http www.litineraire.fr Official site http www.entretemps.asso.fr Nicolas TextesNic Itineraire.html Extract of Fran ois Nicolas Les enjeux du concert de musique contemporaine Category Contemporary classical music ensembles de Ensemble l Itin raire es Ensemble l Itin raire fr L Itin raire ensemble ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Apollo Ends Type Studio album Artist Sculptured Cover Sculptured apollo.jpg Released January 2000 Recorded Genre Avant garde metal br Progressive death metal Length 42 46 Label The End Records Producer Last album The Spear of the Lily Is Aureoled br 1998 This album Apollo Ends br 2000 Next album Embodiment Collapsing Under the Weight of God br 2008 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 4 5 ref Allmusic class album id r444580 first William last York ref rev2 rev2Score Apollo Ends is the second studio album by the avant garde metal avant garde progressive death metal band Sculptured . Snow Covers All uses a form of serialism , while Above the 60th Parallel features a Twelve tone technique solo. Track listing Washing My Hands of It 5 33 Above the 60th Parallel 6 10 Snow Covers All 7 17 Between Goldberg 6 44 Apollo Destroys, Apollo Creates 9 51 Song to Fall on Deaf Ears 6 27 Summary 0 40 References Reflist External links http www.progarchives.com album.asp?id 13108 SCULPTURED Apollo Ends reviews and MP3 progarchives.com retrieved 10 29 07 http www.metal archives.com release.php?id 18709 Apollo Ends Encyclopaedia Metallum retrieved 10 29 07 2000s metal album stub Category 2000 albums Category Sculptured albums Category The End Records albums ... more details
Jos Ard vol 13 March 1911, in Barcelona &ndash 7 January 1981, in Havana was a Cuba n composer and conductor of Spanish derivation. As a child, Ard vol studied under his father, Fernando, who was a musician and conductor. He emigrate d to Cuba in 1930, and from 1934 to 1952 was the director of the Orquestra de c mara de la Habana. He was a professor in Cuba from 1936 to 1951, teaching in universities in Havana and Oriente Province Oriente . In 1942 he founded a movement called Grupo de renovaci n musical , which included several of his students devoted to his aesthetic ideals. Ard vol supported the Cuban Revolution and was appointed head musical administrator after Fidel Castro came to power in 1959. As part of his duties, he conducted the orchestra of the government s Ministry of Education. He continued teaching, working as a professor of composition at Havana Conservatory from 1965 and at the National School of Music from 1968. Ard vol s early compositions fall generally into the style of neoclassicism , but later in his life he began to explore the techniques of aleatory music and serialism . Some of his vocal works praise communism and address other political revolutionary topics. Works Note this list is incomplete . 3 symphonies 2 Cuban suites for orchestra Forma , ballet, 1942 La burla de Don Pedro a caballo , for soloists, chorus and orchestra, 1943 Cantos de la Revoluci n , vocal work, 1962 Che comandante , cantata, 1968 Lenin , vocal work, 1970 6 Sonate a 3 , chamber work 3 piano sonatas Tensiones , for piano left hand References Don Randel . The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music . Harvard, 1996, p. 24. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Ardevol, Jose ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH March 13, 1911 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1981 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Ardevol, Jose Category Cuban composers Category 20th century classical composers Category 1911 births Category 1981 deaths ca Josep Ard vol i Gimbern ... more details
Primo Ramov March 20, 1921 &ndash January 10, 1999 was a Slovenia n composer. He was born and died in Ljubljana . Ramov studied at the Ljubljana Academy of Music from 1935 to 1941 under Slavko Osterc following this he studied in Siena under Vito Frazzi in 1941 and in Rome with Goffredo Petrassi and Alfredo Casella from 1941 to 1943. In 1945 he began working at the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts , where he became director in 1952. He also taught at the Ljubljana Conservatory from 1948 to 1964. Ramov s early works are neoclassicism music neoclassical in style, but later works employ serialism and other modernist techniques. Works 6 symphonies 1940, 1943, 1948, Simfonija 68 1968, Simfonija med klavirjem in orkestrom Symphony between piano and orchestra 1970, Simfonija Piet 1995 and a sinfonietta 1951 Kolovrat , string orchestra 1986 Contrasts , flute and orchestra 1966 Syntheses , horn and ensemble 1971 Concerto profano , organ and orchestra 1984 Concerto for violin, viola and orchestra 1961 Trumpet concerto 1985 Transformacije Transformations for 2 violas and 10 string instruments 1963 Tryptychon , string quartet 1969 3 Nocturnes , double bass 1972 Improvisations , harp 1973 Aforizmi Aphorisms for viola and piano 1964 Nokturno for viola and piano 1959 Skice Sketches for viola and piano 1958 Much film music References Don Randel , The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music . Harvard, 1996, p. 725. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Ramovs, Primoz ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH March 20, 1921 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH January 10, 1999 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Ramovs, Primoz Category Slovenian composers Category 20th century classical composers Category Pre eren laureates Category 1921 births Category 1999 deaths Category People from Ljubljana Slovenia composer stub nl Primo Ramov sl Primo Ramov ... more details
Manuel Jorge de El as born June 5, 1939 is a Mexican composer and conductor. He initially studied under his father, composer Alfonso de El as , and then studied under Marie and Karlheinz Stockhausen . He was the founder of the Music Institute at the University of Veracruz , which was established in 1975. In 1988, he founded the Jalisco Philharmonic Orchestra. He directed the Las Rosas Conservatory in Morelian in 1990 91. In 1992 he was awarded the National Prize for Arts and Sciences of Mexico. He has produced 175 scores. Many of his works make use of serialism and images or graphics in the scores. His Mictl n Tlatelolco was dedicated to the victims of the 1985 earthquake in Mexico City. Selected works Concierto de c mara for Viola, Percussion and String Orchestra 1992 Eleg a for Viola and Piano 1962 Vitral 1 for chamber orchestra Vitral 3 for Orchestra Divertimento for Drum kit Aphorismus 1 for Choir a capella Aphorismus 3 for solo Flute Preludio Pieza de c mara No.1 for Viola Solo 1962 Preludio for Viola Solo 1976 Sonate 1 for Piano Sonate 2 for Piano Sonate 3 for Trumpet, trombone, and horn Sonate 4 for Orchestra References Ricardo Miranda Perez. Manuel de Elias . The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians online. External links http www.conaculta.gob.mx academiadeartes miem5.html Academia de Artes Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Elias Manuel De ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1939 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Elias Manuel De Category Mexican composers of classical music Category 1939 births Category Living people NorthAm composer stub de Manuel de El as ... more details
Armin Schibler Kreuzlingen am Bodensee, 20 February 1920 Zurich , 7 September 1986 was a Swiss composer . Biography A high school student in the town of Aarau , he studied music under Walter Frey and Paul M ller in Zurich. From 1942 to 1945, he was the pupil of Willy Burkhard . He later went to England to perfect his training where he would meet notable contemporaries Benjamin Britten and Michael Tippett . Other peers included Wolfgang Fortner , Ernst Krenek Ernst K enek , Ren Leibowitz and Theodor W. Adorno . From 1944, he was the professor of music at the Zurich Literary School. Selected works As a composer of operas, orchestral choirs, Lieder and chamber music, his works are characterized by harmonious pacing and a preference for counterpoint. He also used Serialism serial composition. Der spanische Rosenstock Le rosier espagnol 1947 1950 , opera in 3 acts after the novel by Werner Bergengruen libretto by Max Allenspach Kleines Konzert for viola solo, Op. 9d 1951 Fantasie for viola and chamber orchestra, Op. 15 1945 Weil alles erneut sich begibt for low voice, viola and piano, Op. 23 1949 Ballade for viola and piano, Op. 54 1957 Concerto Visions Chor graphiques for piano and orchestra 1961 External links http www.arminschibler.ch Site dedicated to the composer Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Schibler, Armin ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 20 February 1920 PLACE OF BIRTH Kreuzlingen DATE OF DEATH 7 September 1986 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Schibler, Armin Category 1920 births Category 1986 deaths Category People from Kreuzlingen Category Opera composers Category Swiss composers Switzerland composer stub de Armin Schibler fr Armin Schibler ... more details
Josef Rufer b.1893 d. 1985 was an Austrian born musicology musicologist . He is regarded as a significant figure mainly on account of his association with and writings on Arnold Schoenberg . Rufer was a pupil of Alexander von Zemlinsky and Schoenberg in Vienna when the latter composer moved to Berlin to direct the Masterclass in Composition at the Prussian Academy of Arts , Rufer went with him and operated as his Chief Assistant between 1925 and 1933. Rufer was thus closely involved with Schoenberg during the period of development of serialism and the twelve tone technique 12 note method , and it was during a walk with Rufer that Schoenberg uttered the famous statement, regarding these I have made a discovery which will ensure the supremacy of German music for the next hundred years ref Stuckenschmidt, Hans Heinz. 1977. Schoenberg His Life, World and Work . Translated from the German by Humphrey Searle. New York Schirmer Books, p.277 ref . Rufer s writings on Schoenberg include the introduction to the serial method Die Komposition mit Zw lf T nen Berlin, 1952 translated as Composition With Twelve Notes , London, 1954 reprinted 1969, ISBN 9780313212369 , and the catalogue Das Werk Arnold Sch nberg s Kassel, 1959 translated as The Works of Arnold Schoenberg , London, 1962 . Both were seminal in the study of the composer and his music. References references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Rufer, Josef ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1893 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1985 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Rufer, Josef Category 1893 births Category Austrian musicologists Category 1985 deaths de Josef Rufer ja sv Josef Rufer ... more details
Tolia Nikiprowetzky 12 or 25 September 1916 5 May 1997 was a French composer and musicologist of Russian birth. His compositions include four opera s Les Noces d Ombre , La F te et les masques , Le Sourire de l Autre and La Veuve du H ros a symphony Symphony Logos 5 concerto s for saxophone , piano , cello , and trumpet a piece for wind quintet and string orchestra two large religious works Numinis Sacra and Ode Fun bre a few cantata s several pieces for solo piano and numerous chamber music chamber works among others. Some of his works experimented with serialism , electronic music , and reflected his interest in African music. Born in Feodosiya , Nikiprowetzky immigrated with his parents to France in 1923 where they settled in Marseilles. He began his musical studies at the Marseilles Conservatory but left there in 1937 to enter the Conservatoire de Paris where he was a student of Simone Pl Caussade and Louis Laloy . After World War II he pursued further studies privately with Ren Leibowitz . From 1950 1955 he worked as musical director of the Moroccan Radio, then in Paris for the overseas radio service. He also ran a few nightclubs in Paris where he died in 1997. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Nikiprowetzky, Tolia ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1916 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1997 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Nikiprowetzky, Tolia Category 1916 births Category 1997 deaths Category Alumni of the Conservatoire de Paris Category French composers Category French musicologists de Tolia Nikiprowetzky fr Tolia Nikiprowetzky ... more details
Image All interval hexachord.png thumb 300px All trichord hexachord audio All interval hexachord.mid Play . Image All interval hexachord triads.png thumb 350px All trichord hexachord trichords. ref name schiff Schiff, David 1998 . The Music of Elliott Carter , p.34. ISBN 0 8014 3612 5. ref audio All interval hexachord trichords.mid Play In music , the all trichord hexachord is a unique hexachord that contains all twelve trichord s, or from which all twelve possible trichords may be derived. ref Whittall, Arnold 2008 . The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism , p. 271. ISBN 978 0 521 68200 8. ref The prime form of this set class is 012478 ref name schiff and its Forte number is 6 17. It appears in pieces by Robert Morris composer Robert Morris and Elliott Carter . ref name Alegent Alegent, Brian 2010 . The Twelve Tone Music of Luigi Dallapiccola , p.307n4. ISBN 1 58046 325 8. ref See also All interval tetrachord All interval row Further reading Boland, Marguerite 1999 . The All trichord Hexachord Compositional Stategies in Elliott Carter s Con leggerezza pensos and Gra and a folio of original compositions . MA Thesis, La Trobe University. ref name Alegent Boros, James 1990 . Some Properties of the All Trichord Hexachord , In Theory Only 11 6 19 41. Sallmen, Mark 2007 . Listening to the Music Itself Breaking Through the Shell of Elliott Carter s In Genesis , Music Theory Online 13.3. ref name Alegent Sources references Category Chords Category Hexachords Category Post tonal music theory Category Twelve tone technique Pitch segments Twelve tone technique music theory stub ... more details
Arnold Whittall born in 1935, Shrewsbury , Shropshire is a United Kingdom British musicologist and writer . ref http arts.jrank.org pages 28199 Arnold Whittall 28 Morgan Arnold Whittall 29.html ref He is Professor Emeritus at King s College London. Between 1975 and 1996 he was Professor at King s. ref http www.kcl.ac.uk schools humanities depts music staff emeritusvisiting.html ref Previously he lectured at University of Cambridge Cambridge , University of Nottingham Nottingham 1964 1969 and Cardiff University Cardiff 1969 1975 . ref http arts.jrank.org pages 28199 Arnold Whittall 28 Morgan Arnold Whittall 29.html ref Since the 1960s he has published books, articles and contributed chapters to multi authored books. ref Adlington, R. Arnold Whittall A Bibliography . Music Analysis 14 2 3 , July October 1995, pp. 141 160. http www.jstor.org stable 854011 . ref Books Schoenberg Chamber Music . London BBC, 1972. Music since the First World War . London Dent, 1977. The Music of Britten and Tippett Studies in Themes and Techniques . Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1982. Second edition 1990 Romantic Music a concise history from Schubert to Sibelius . London Thames and Hudson, 1987. Co authored with Jonathan Dunsby Music analysis in theory and practice . London Faber, 1988. Musical composition in the twentieth century . Oxford Oxford University Press, 1999. Jonathan Harvey . London Faber, 1999. Exploring twentieth century music tradition and innovation . Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2003. The Cambridge introduction to serialism . Cambridge Cambridge University Press, c2008. References references External links http www.kcl.ac.uk schools humanities depts music staff emeritusvisiting.html Emeritus staff and research fellows at King s College London Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Whittall, Arnold ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION British musicologist DATE OF BIRTH 1935 PLACE OF BIRTH Shrewsbury DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Whit ... more details
. It is among the earliest examples of multiple or integral serialism, though it is something of a hybrid ... Edition Text Kritik. Sabbe, Herman. 1994. Goeyvaerts and the Beginnings of Punctual Serialism and Electronic .... Absolute Purity Projected into Sound Goeyvaerts, Heidegger and Early Serialism . Perspectives ... more details
saved book title Avant garde subtitle The Complete Guide cover image The Love of Zero, 35mm film Robert Florey1928.jpg cover color Avant garde The Complete Guide Main article Avant garde Visual art Abstract expressionism Art Nouveau Color Field Conceptual art Cubism Cubo Futurism De Stijl Ego Futurism Fauvism Impressionism Incoherents Lyrical Abstraction Mail art Neue Slowenische Kunst Nonconformism Pop art Post Impressionism Rayonism Suprematism Vorticism Nouveau r alisme Music Avant garde music Ars subtilior Avant garde jazz Avant garde metal Drone music Experimental music Free jazz Industrial music Krautrock Musique concr te No Wave Noise music Noise music Post rock Progressive rock Post Ambient Rock in Opposition Serialism Second Viennese School Literature and poetry Acmeist poetry Angry Penguins Asemic writing Cyberpunk Experimental literature Flarf poetry Imaginism Language poets Neoteric Oberiu Oulipo Visual poetry Nouveau roman Cinema and theatre Cin ma pur Dogme 95 Drop Art Epic theatre Experimental film Experimental theatre Remodernist film Theatre of the Absurd Theatre of Cruelty General Bauhaus Dada Expressionism Fluxus Futurism Lettrism Modernism Minimalism Postminimalism Neo minimalism Neo Dada Neoism Postmodernism Primitivism Russian avant garde Russian Futurism Russian symbolism Situationist International Social realism Socialist realism Surrealism Symbolism arts Symbolism Other topics and lists Anti art Archigram COBRA avant garde movement COBRA Constructivism art Constructivism Creacionismo L enfant terrible Land art List of avant garde artists Molecular gastronomy Neoavanguardia Prakalpana Movement Stridentism Superflat Superstroke Joaqu n Torres Garc a Universalismo Constructivo Viennese Actionism Avant garde Westernart Category Wikipedia books on arts Category Wikipedia books on literature Category Wikipedia books on film Category Wikipedia books on music Category Wikipedia books on performing arts Category Wikipedia books on photography Categor ... more details
Image Schoenberg Die Jakobsleiter opening hexachord.png thumb right 400px Hexachord ostinato , in cello, which opens Die Jakobsleiter by Arnold Schoenberg , notable for its compositional use of hexachords ref Arnold Whittall, The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism , Cambridge Introductions to Music New York Cambridge University Press, 2008 23 ISBN 978 0 521 86341 4 hardback ISBN 978 0 521 68200 8 pbk . ref audio Schoenberg Die Jakobsleiter opening hexachord.mid Play In music , a hexachord is a collection of six pitch class es ref Whittall 2008, 273. ref including six note segments of a musical scale scale or tone row . The term was adopted in the Middle Ages and adapted in the 20th century in Milton Babbitt s serialism serial theory . Middle Ages Main Guidonian hand Hexachord in Middle Ages The hexachord as a mnemonic device was first described by Guido of Arezzo , in his Epistola de ignoto cantu and the treatise titled Micrologus . ref name Jehoash Hirshberg 2001 Jehoash Hirshberg, Hexachord , The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians , second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell professor of music John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers, 2001 . ref In each hexachord, all adjacent pitches are a whole tone apart, except for the middle two, which are separated by a semitone . These six pitches are named ut , re , mi , fa , sol , and la , with the semitone between mi and fa . These six names are derived from the first syllable of each half line of the 8th century hymn Ut queant laxis . 20th century Image Hauer trope.png thumb Example of Josef Matthias Hauer Hauer s trope music In 20th century music tropes . ref George Perle, Serial Composition and Atonality An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern , sixth edition, revised Berkeley University of California Press, 1991 145. ISBN 9780520074309. ref audio Hauer trope.mid Play Allen Forte in his The Structure of Atonal Music redefines the term hexachord to mean what other theorists ... more details
cleanup date June 2010 Indo jazz is a hybrid musical genre consisting of jazz , European classical music classical and Music of India indian influences. The structure and patterns would be based on Indian music with the improvisation typical to jazz overlaid. The term might be comparatively recent, but the concept dates at least to the mid 1950s. Musicians like John Coltrane , Yusef Lateef , and others showed Indian influences. The Mahavishnu Orchestra might be an early example of a jazz group with Indian influences as John McLaughlin musician John McLaughlin at that time was a devotee of Sri Chinmoy . Others found the improvisational elements already in some Music of India Indian music to fit well with jazz. Although John Mayer composer John Mayer and Joe Harriott are perhaps the most important influences in the movement. In addition Alice Coltrane is also known for relational work. ref http www.rootsworld.com rw feature redd india.html Roots World ref Indo jazz is danced all around the world and many studios have opened up in honor of it. An example is Shaimak, very famous for teaching all kinds of Indian dancing, from traditional to modern. They specialize in Indo Jazz. Specific to John Mayer Mayer is very definite about that distinction, as only someone could understand who grew up in Calcutta studying Indian music with Sanathan Mukherjee whilst simultaneously learning Western music with Melhi Mehta. Indian music is basically built around a linear technique, he says. There s no harmony in the Western sense, just one extended melodic line accompanied by a drone. The absence of harmony is compensated for by very complex rhythms. As I found out more about Western music, I realised that there are similarities with the techniques of serialism . In serialism you are dealing with an Atonality atonal sequence, and in raga s, the Indian scale system, you are dealing with a Tonality tonal sequence, but one which goes up one way and down another, what s called the aroha av ... more details
Endre Szerv nszky b. Kist t ny , December 27, 1911 d. Budapest , June 25, 1977 was a Hungary Hungarian composer. Biography Note There appears to be some discrepancy regarding the composer s birth date. Valeria Szerv nszky is certain that this one is correct. Szerv nszky studied the clarinet at the Budapest Academy of Music 1922 7 . He played in various orchestras before returning to the academy to study composition with Albert Sikl s 1931 6 . He then worked as an orchestrator for the Hungarian Radio and taught musical theory. He was appointed professor of composition at the Budapest Academy in 1948. Szerv nszky first came to public attention with his First String Quartet 1936 8 and his works of this period were influenced by his compatriots, Zolt n Kod ly and B la Bart k . Works for this time include the Clarinet Serenade 1950 and the Flute Concerto 1952 3 . From the early 1950s Szerv nszky embarked on a series of larger compositions, one of the longest being the Concerto for Orchestra in memory of Attila J zsef . Each of the concerto s five movements is based on a quotation from J zsef. The fourth has folk music elements and the whole demonstrates the influence of Bart k. Both the String Quartet no.2 1956 7 and the Wind Quintet no.2 1957 also demonstrate the composer s increasing interest in serialism . For his Six Orchestra Pieces, composed in 1959, Szerv nszky employed 12 note serialism and the piece is particular in its use of percussion. Szerv nszky did not compose another major work until 1963 the oratorio Requiem, based on a text by J nos Pilinszky which takes the concentration camp of Auschwitz as its theme. Works which followed include the Variations 1964 and the Clarinet Concerto 1965 . Endre Szerv nszky was given the Righteous among the Nations award by the State of Israel to honour non Jew s who risked their lives to save Jews from the Nazis . He is the brother of artist, Jen Szerv nszky , violinst, Peter Szerv nszky and the uncle of Valeria Szerv nszky ... more details
The Piano Sonata by Jean Barraqu is a significant serialism serial composition from the period of avant garde composition in France shortly after World War II . Composed between 1950 and 1952, it is a large piece, lasting around fifty minutes, ref 46 minutes 23 seconds in Herbert Henck s performance ECM 1621 , 54 minutes 23 seconds in Stefan Litwin s cpo 999 569 2 . ref in a single movement divided into two connected sections, roughly equal in length. The densely dissonant polyphonic texture of the work resembles the Second Piano Sonata of Pierre Boulez , a work Barraqu knew well. In performance, however, the overall impact is quite different from anything of Boulez, and has often been claimed eg by Hodeir 1961 , to be akin in spirit to the late sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven. ref Without doubt the most significant since Hammerklavier Halbreich 1987 . ref Paul Griffiths has written of the music of the sonata contrasts of themes or keys are replaced by other polarities, in particular between perceptions of notes as sounds acontextual, as if heard alone and as tones part of the unfolding of a serial form , between freedom and fixity in the registral placing of notes, between pulsed and pulseless rhythm and between sound and silence. In his preface to the composition Barraqu drew attention to another opposition, between a free style of motifs and chords in easy flow and a strict style of intensive, quasi automatic process acknowledging the total serialism of the time. Compulsion, embodied in the strict music, may seem to spur protest in the free passages. But protest is compromised by having to be voiced in the same language, based on the same series. ref Paul Griffiths, notes 1998 to Jean Barraqu , The Complete Works cpo 999 569 2 , booklet pp. 24 5. ref Herbert Henck has also noted The overall structure was based on juxtaposing a fast movement with a slow one of equal weight. But as the fast movement built up, slow sections were increasingly introduced, and the slow ... more details
parted from Boulez s serialism . What disturbed Goehr was mainly his perception that by the mid fifties, serialism had become a cult of stylistic purity, modelling itself on the twelve tone works ... replaced with the combinatorial laws of serialism blockquote Choice, taste and style were dirty words ... is, or was believed to be, a cornerstone of classical serialism as defined by Webern s late ... used for the first time the combination of Musical mode modality and serialism which was to remain his main technical resource for the next 14 years. His search for a model of serialism that could ... , 291 292. ref This flexible approach to serialism , integrating harmonic background with bloc sonore ... to the strictures of total serialism. It is no coincidence that Boulez who had earlier facilitated the performance ... post war serialism and a commitment to a more transparent soundworld. Goehr found a way of controlling ... to study counterpoint and serialism with Schoenberg scholar and composer Max Deutsch even more ..., as is apparent in Goehr s life long commitment to modality as an integration to both serialism and to tonality ... to the Darmstadt School avant garde of the fifties ref Cf. I was originally attracted to serialism ... bass in conjunction with his personal blend of modality and serialism . This is exemplified ... expressive serialism serialist practice . Work list Chronology 1951, Songs of Babel, 1952 ... more details
. His works widely use the twelve tone technique serialism developed and embraced by his idols he ... developed serialism serialist techniques to allow for a more lyrical, tonality tonal style. Throughout ... works entirely serially. With the adoption of serialism he never lost the feel for melodic line that many ... of Luigi Dallapiccola . New York, Rochester, 2003 Edward Wilkinson, An interpretation of serialism ... more details
. 2008. The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism. Cambridge Introductions to Music , p.84. New York ... of Serialism serialistic music learned from his teacher Arnold Schoenberg with passages written in a freer, more tonal style. The score integrates serialism and tonality in a remarkable fashion ... more details
Kreuzspiel Crossplay is a composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen written for oboe , bass clarinet , piano and four percussion instrument percussionists in 1951 it was later revised for just three percussionists, along with other changes . Stockhausen regarded Kreuzspiel as his first original composition, as opposed to the style imitation exercises he did as part of his music studies Stockhausen 1989, 34 & 55 . According to the composer, it was influenced by Olivier Messiaen s Mode de valeurs et d intensit s 1949 and Karel Goeyvaerts s Sonata for Two Pianos Goeyvaerts Sonata for Two Pianos 1950 , and is one of the earliest examples of Punctualism point music . Kreuzspiel was premi red at the Darmst dter Ferienkurse Darmst dter Internationale Ferienkurse in the summer of 1952, conducted by the composer. According to Stockhausen, the performance ended in a scandal Stockhausen 1964, 11 . Kreuzspiel has been analysed in print more often than any other work by Stockhausen, though all but one Borio and Garda 1991 restrict themselves to just the first of its three stages. Though routinely described by the composer as well as others as a serialism serial composition, Kreuzspiel does not employ a referential, recurring twelve tone technique twelve tone ordered set. Rather, it uses constant reordering of twelve element linked pitch, duration, dynamic, and in the original version attack sets a device sometimes called permutation al serialism e.g., Blake and Eisler 1995, 111 . It also uses a permutational 7 element system to control register music register Toop 1974, 159 61 . The composition consists of three linked Movement music movements , or stages . In the first stage, six notes begin in the highest register, and six others begin in the lowest register. These gradually move into the four middle octaves until an equal distribution of pitches throughout the entire range is achieved at the centre of the movement. from that point to the end of the movement, the process is reverse ... more details
Formula composition is a serialism serially derived technique encountered principally in the music of Karlheinz Stockhausen , involving the projection, expansion, and Ausmultiplikation of either a single melody formula, or a two or three voice contrapuntal construction sometimes stated at the outset . In contrast to serial music, where the structuring features are more or less abstract and remain largely inaccessible to the listener s ear, in formula composition the musical specifications of pitch music pitch , Dynamics music dynamics , Duration music duration , timbre , and tempo are always directly evident in the sound, through the use of a concisely articulated melodic tone succession, the formula, which defines the large scale form as well as all the internal musical details of the composition Blumr der 1982, 184 85 . Stockhausen s music Though foreshadowed in Stockhausen s once withdrawn Formel of 1951, the technique made its first appearance in Mantra Stockhausen Mantra in 1970, and became the central focus of Stockhausen s music up to 2003. Stockhausen s mammoth opera cycle Licht is based on a three strand super formula . Hermann Conen 1991, 57 identifies two kinds of formula composition in Stockhausen s works prior to Licht blockquote formula compositions in which the form results from projection of the formula, . . . and works in which melodies in themselves possess many internal characteristics of formulas, but where the formal idea itself does not originate from the formula s used in their realisation blockquote Works of the first type include Mantra 1970 , Inori 1973 74 , Jubil um 1977 , and In Freundschaft 1977 works of the second type comprise Alphabet f r Li ge 1972 , the Laub und Regen duet from Herbstmusik 1974 , Musik im Bauch 1975 , Harlekin 1975 , Der kleine Harlekin 1975 , and Sirius Stockhausen Sirius 1975 77 . Other works from the 1970s, such as Sternklang ... tonal music theory Category Serialism de Formelkomposition ... more details
BLP sources date February 2010 Pierre Mari tan born 23 September 1935 in Monthey is a Switzerland Swiss composer . Biography Mari tan studied first at the Geneva Conservatory in 1955 60 with Marescotti, and later with, amongst others, Pierre Boulez , Bernd Alois Zimmermann , Gottfried Michael Koenig , Henri Pousseur , and Karlheinz Stockhausen , and his earliest works are squarely in the serialism serialist camp Muggler 2001 . During the 1960s he began creating outline sketches for improvisation, and beginning in the 1970s became increasingly interested in environmental sound and the problem of noise pollution. In 1966 he was a founder of the Groupe d Etude et R alisation Musicales GERM , and in 1979 founded the Laboratoire Acoustique et Musique Urbaine de l Ecole d Architecture de Paris La Villette, which he directed until 1990. Mari tan taught at the University of Paris I et VIII from 1969 to 1988 and at the Ecole d Architecture de Paris la Villette in 1993. He was Director of the Conservatoire de Garges R gion parisienne 1972 77, and has been a visiting lecturer at the Universities of Paris, Lille, Barcelona,Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, University of California San Diego, the Ecole Hautes Etudes Sociales Paris, Ecoles Nationales Sup rieures des Beaux Arts et d Architecture of Paris, Besan on, and Marseilles, and the cole Polytechnique de Lausanne. Musical style While Mari tan s early work was primarily focussed on serialism, he turned in the 1960s to composing sketch scores some intended for amateurs and children and guidelines for improvisation. Since the 1970s he has mainly focussed on combining composed music music of the interior , with everyday environmental sounds music of the exterior , which has led him to electronic and radiophonic composition. Paysmusique 1991 , for example, combines 96 voices speaking in different Swiss dialects. He has also created sound installations and sound environments, sometimes collaborating with architects Muggler 2001 . Compositions ... more details
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