Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the medical diagnosis diagnostic identification of Antibody antibodies in the serum. ref name Sherris cite book author Ryan KJ, Ray CG editors title Sherris Medical Microbiology edition 4th pages 247&ndash 9 publisher McGraw Hill year 2004 isbn 0838585299 ref Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an infection against a given microorganism , ref name Baron cite book author Washington JA title Principles of Diagnosis Serodiagnosis. in Baron s Medical Microbiology Baron S et al. , eds. edition 4th publisher Univ of Texas Medical Branch year 1996 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mmed.section.5462 isbn 0 9631172 1 1 ref against other foreign proteins in response, for example, to a Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction mismatched blood transfusion , or to one s own proteins in instances of autoimmune disease . Serological tests may be performed for diagnostic purposes when an infection is suspected, in rheumatic illnesses, and in many other situations, such as checking an individual s blood type . ref name Sherris Serology blood tests help to diagnose patients with certain immune deficiencies associated with the lack of antibodies , such as X linked agammaglobulinemia . In such cases, tests for antibodies will be consistently negative. There are several serology techniques that can be used depending on the antibodies being studied. These include ELISA , Agglutination biology agglutination , Precipitation chemistry precipitation , complement fixation , and direct fluorescent antibody fluorescent antibodies . Some serological tests are not limited to blood serum, but can also be performed on other bodily fluids such as semen and saliva , which ... medlineplus ency article 003511.htm Serology MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia MeshName Serologic ... Serology Category Blood tests Category Epidemiology Category Immunologic tests ar ca Serologia ... more details
Forensic serology is the detection, classification and study of various bodily fluids such as blood , semen , fecal matter and perspiration , and their relationship to a crime scene. A forensic serologist may also be involved in DNA analysis and bloodstain pattern analysis . ref Criminal Investigation by Ronald F. Becker P. 8 Publisher Jones & Bartlett Publishers 3 edition August 22, 2008 Language English ISBN 0 7637 5522 2 ref ref Fundamentals of Forensic Science By Max M. Houck, Jay A. Siegel p. 229 Publisher Academic Press 2 edition February 3, 2010 Language English ISBN 0 12 374989 1 ref See also Karl Landsteiner Paul Uhlenhuth References references Category Forensic disciplines ... more details
Seroprevalence is the number of persons in a population who test positive for a specific disease based on serology blood serum specimens often presented as a percent of the total specimens tested or as a proportion per 100,000 persons tested. As positively identifying the occurrence of disease is usually based upon the presence of Antibody antibodies for that disease especially with viral infections such as Herpes Simplex and HIV , this number is not significant if the specificity of the antibody is low. External links http hivportland.org documents glossary.pdf HIV Portland definition of seroprevalence Category Epidemiology Category Serology fr S ropr valence ... more details
unreferenced date June 2009 bot yes Image Axsym.jpg thumb right Abbott s AxSYM automated analyzer. The Abbott AxSYM is an immunochemical automated analyzer made by Abbott Laboratories . It is used for serology tests and therapeutic drug monitoring , and uses antibodies to alter the deflection of polarized light . It can also be used to monitor hormone level and some cardiac enzymes cardiac markers such as troponin . Appearance and use Blood samples and reagent s are placed in separate carousels on the right of the machine. This instrument is used in medical laboratory medical laboratories by trained medical personnel. It can process about 100 samples an hour. Category Serology Category Medical testing equipment ... more details
A Sabin Feldman dye test is a Serology serologic test to diagnose for toxoplasmosis . The test is based on the presence of certain antibodies that prevent methylene blue dye from entering the cytoplasm of Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasma organisms. References Mosby s Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary. Edition 5, 1998 p7B4A. Category Infectious disease blood tests Med diagnostic stub Infectious and inflammatory blood tests es Prueba de Sabin Fieldman ... more details
industry. Forensic DNA & Serology The Forensic DNA & Serology concentration is offered by the College of Pharmacy. It is intended to provide foundations in serology, blood spatter interpretation, molecular ... rooms. Forensic Toxicology, Drug Chemistry and Forensic DNA & Serology These certificates are similar ... more details
Seroconversion is the development of detectable specific antibodies to microorganism s in the blood plasma blood serum as a result of infection or immunization . Serology the testing for antibodies is used to determine antibody positivity. Serostatus is a term denoting the presence or absence of particular antibodies in an individual s blood&mdash prior to seroconversion, the blood test is seronegative for the antibody after seroconversion, the blood test is seropositive for the antibody. The word seroconversion is often used in reference to blood testing for anti HIV antibodies. In particular, seroconverted has been used to refer to the process of having become HIV positive. ref http www.avclub.com content node 92431 ref ref http www.thestranger.com seattle SavageLove?oid 6064090 ref Syn date December 2010 Seroreversion is the opposite of seroconversion. This is when the tests can no longer detect antibody antibodies in a patient s serum. ref Tantalo et al., JID 2005 191 Treponema pallidum strain specific differences in neuroinvasion and clinical phenotype in a rabbit model ref Background The immune system maintains an immunological memory against past pathogens to facilitate early detection and to confer protective immunity against a Challenge dechallenge rechallenge rechallenge . This explains why many childhood diseases never recur in adulthood and when they do, it generally indicates immunosuppression or failure of a vaccine . In the initial primary infection phase of the infection, immunoglobulin M IgM antibodies are produced and as these levels drop and become undetectable immunoglobulin G IgG levels rise and remain detectable. Upon reinfection, IgM antibodies usually do not rise again but IgG levels will increase. Thus an elevated IgM titre indicates recent primary infection, while the presence of IgG suggests past infection or immunization . References reflist Use dmy dates date December 2010 Category Serology de Serokonversion fr S roconversion id Serokonv ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pinta disease Image Caption ICD10 ICD10 A 67 a 65 ICD9 ICD9 103 ICDO OMIM DiseasesDB 13270 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D010874 Pinta is a human skin disease endemic to Mexico , Central America , and South America . It is caused by infection with a spirochete , Treponema pallidum Treponema pallidum carateum , which is Comparative anatomy morphologically and serology serologically indistinguishable from the organism that causes syphilis . Presentation Pinta is thought to be transmitted by skin to skin contact similar to bejel and yaws , and after an incubation period of two to three weeks, produces a raised papule , which enlarges and becomes hyperkeratotic scaly flaky . Three to nine months later further thickened and flat lesions pintids appear all over the body. These generally resolve, but a proportion of people with pinta will go on to develop late stage disease, characterised by widespread pigmentary change with a mixture of hyperpigmentation and depigmentation which can be disfiguring. Diagnosis Diagnosis is usually clinical, but as with yaws and bejel , serology serological tests for syphilis such as Rapid Plasma Reagin RPR and TPHA will be positive, and the spirochaetes can be seen on dark field microscopy of samples taken from the early papules. Treatment The disease can be treated with penicillin , tetracycline , or chloramphenicol , and can be prevented through contact tracing by public health officials. See also Bejel Syphilis Yaws List of cutaneous conditions Gram negative non proteobacterial bacterial diseases DEFAULTSORT Pinta Disease Category Bacterium related cutaneous conditions ar de Pinta Krankheit es Pinta enfermedad fr Pinta maladie it Pinta malattia hu Pinta betegs g nl Pinta infectieziekte pl Pinta choroba pt Pinta doen a ... more details
Hans Sachs June 6, 1877, Katowice March 25, 1945, Dublin , was a Germany German serology serologist . Education Sachs studied at the universities of Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg , University of Breslau Wroc aw and Humboldt University of Berlin Berlin . In 1900, he received his doctorate from the University of Leipzig . From 1905, he taught and conducted research at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main University of Frankfurt . He was promoted to professor in 1907 and became an honorary professor after 1914. Scientific research In 1920, he moved to Heidelberg , where he served as professor of the Institute for Immunology Immune and Serology Serum Research and director of the scientific department of the Institute for Experimental Cancer Research. His work in improving the diagnosis of syphilis was groundbreaking. In collaboration with other scientists, he developed the Sachs Georgi reaction , a serological test for syphilis and a precipitation chemistry precipitation reaction test known as the Sachs Witebsky reaction . Expulsion from university In 1935, he was expelled from the Institute and the University as part of the Nazi Germany Nazi campaign to purge all Jew s from academia. He fled Germany to Oxford in 1938 and later settled in Dublin , where he died in 1945. External links http www.whonamedit.com doctor.cfm 1835.html Brief biography from Who Named It? Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Sachs, Hans ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH June 6, 1877 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH March 25, 1945 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Sachs, Hans Category 1877 births Category 1945 deaths Category German scientists Category People from the Province of Silesia Category People from Katowice Category Serologists de Hans Sachs Serologe pl Hans Sachs serolog ... more details
Felix Plaut 1877 1940 was a German psychiatrist who was director of the Department of Serology at the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt f r Psychiatrie in Munich . In 1935 he was removed from this position by the Nazis, and subsequently emigrated to London . ref cite book title The University Department of Psychiatry in Munich From Kraepelin and His Predecessors to Molecular Psychiatry last Hippius first Hanns authorlink coauthors Hans J rgen M ller, Norbert M ller, Gabriele Neund rfer Kohl year 2007 publisher Springer location isbn 3540740163 pages 94 ref Plaut is remembered for his research concerning the syphilis syphilitic origin of general paresis , and his work with August von Wasserman 1866 1925 in the development of a serology serological test for syphilis. Plaut also performed extensive research of syphilis and its correlation to psychiatric disorders, and did early studies in neuroimmunology regarding the brain s immune reaction to syphilitic infiltration. Selected writings The Wasserman Sero Diagnosis of Syphilis in its Application to Psychiatry , translated by S. E. Jelliffe and L. Casamajor 1911 originally published in German in 1909. Leitfaden zur Untersuchung der Zerebospinalfl ssigkeit . Jena Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1913 . 1st Edition 4 F lle aus der Deutschen Forschungsanstalt f r Psychiatrie with Walther Spielmeyer In Franz Nissl s Beitr ge, volume 2, 1 Berlin, 1923 . References reflist cite book title The Wassermann Sero diagnosis of Syphilis in Its Application to Psychiatry author Felix Plaut, Smith Ely Jelliffe, Louis Cassamajor year 1911 publisher The Journal of nervous and mental disease publishing company isbn url http books.google.com books?id HMBqQ6uRwfMC&dq 22felix plaut 22&printsec frontcover&source web&ots wvM tLdURV&sig eNIgLVZbm5 w xwEXsaLHrlT 2I PPA5,M1 http people.clarkson.edu sheilafw rudin The German Research Institute for Psychiatry Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Psychiatry Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Plaut, Felix ... more details
Franti ek Pato ka October 22, 1904, Turnov March 14, 1985, Prague was a Czechs Czech microbiologist and serology serologist . He established the study of virology in Czechoslovakia. Pato ka studied medicine specialised in microbiology at the Charles University in Prague finished in 1928 . In 1936 he became head of the Czech Bacteriological Institute after Ivan Honl . During the 1960s he worked as an expert for the World Health Organization WHO in India and Zaire. His brother Jan Pato ka was a well known Czech philosopher. External links http kmil.trios.cz obsah0604ic.htm Biography in Czech http www.lf3.cuni.cz ustavy mikrobiologie patocka index.htm List of scientific works in Czech Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Patocka, Frantisek ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH October 22, 1904 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH March 14, 1985 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Patocka, Frantisek Category Czech biologists Category Serologists Category Czech microbiologists Category 1904 births Category 1985 deaths cs Franti ek Pato ka ... more details
The Casoni test is a skin test used in the diagnosis of Echinococcosis hydatid disease . The test involves the intradermal injection of 0.5ml of sterilised fluid from hydatid cysts. A wheal wheal response occurring at the injection site within 20 minutes is considered positive. ref Robert A. Evans. Special Tests The Procedure and Meaning of the Commoner Tests in Hospital , page 14. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2003. ISBN 9780723432890. ref The test is positive in about 90 of cases of hydatid disease affecting the liver, but positive in less than 50 of patients with hydatid disease elsewhere in the body false positive results are also common. Consequently, Serology serological tests are now generally used. ref Richard Ravel. Clinical laboratory medicine , page 291. Elsevier Health Sciences, 1994. ISBN 9780815171485. ref The test was described in 1912 by Tomaso Casoni . ref Casoni T. La diagnosi biologica dell echinococcosi umana mediante l introdermoreazione. Folia Clinica Chimica e Microscopica 1912 4 ref References reflist Category Skin tests Med diagnostic stub it Intradermoreazione di Casoni ... more details
Ivan Honl April 23, 1866, Zb ov , Moravia June 7, 1936, L zn B loves was a Czechs Czech bacteriologist , serology serologist and activist in the struggle against tuberculosis . Honl became one of founders of Czech microbiology . Under the guidance of Jaroslav Hlava Honl gained his habilitation in bacteriology at Charles University in Prague in 1898. In 1919 he was named head to the new Czech Bacteriological Institute stav pro bakteriologii a s rologii L ka sk fakulty Univerzity Karlovy . . Honl was one of the early researchers of antibiotics . At the end of the 1890s he isolated a product of Bacterium pyocyaneum today called Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which was used as medicine Anginol from the start of World War I WWI until it was replaced by penicillin after World War II WWII . In 1899 he co founded an institute to treat tuberculosis in Czechoslovakia and was active in this struggle for decades. External links http www.libri.cz databaze kdo20 search.php?zp 6&name HONL IVAN Short biography in Czech Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Honl, Ivan ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 23, 1866 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH June 7, 1936 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Honl, Ivan Category 1866 births Category 1936 deaths Category People from Zb ov Category Czech biologists Category Czech microbiologists ... more details
P antigen system is a Human blood group systems human blood group system based upon genes on chromosome 22 . The P antigens are carbohydrate antigens that include P sub 1 sub , P, and P sup k sup . The P antigen is a Immune receptor receptor for the human pathogen Parvovirus B19 ref Resistance to Parvovirus B19 Infection Due to Lack of Virus Receptor Erythrocyte P Antigen by Kevin E. Brown, Jonathan R. Hibbs, Giorgio Gallinella, Stacie M. Anderson, Elton D. Lehman, Peggy McCarthy, and Neal S. Young. NEJM Volume 330 1192 1196 April 28, 1994 Number 17 ref and is the target of auto anti P IgG antibodies in paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria . ref STUDIES ON THE SEROLOGY OF PAROXYSMAL COLD HAEMOGLOBINURIA P.G.H. , WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE P BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM. WORLLEDGE SM, ROUSSO C. Vox Sang. 1965 May Jun 10 293 8. ref References references External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov projects mhc xslcgi.fcgi?cmd bgmut systems info&system p P at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI , NIH transfusion medicine Category Blood antigen systems zh P ... more details
William Augustus Hinton 15 December 1883, Chicago, Illinois 1959, Canton, Massachusetts was a black Microbiology bacteriologist , Pathology pathologist and educator. Hinton was the first black professor in the history of Harvard University . A pioneer in the field of public health, Hinton developed a test for syphilis which, because of its accuracy, was used by the United States Public Health Service . Education He studied at the University of Kansas before transferring to Harvard University , where he earned a B.S. degree in 1905. Following his graduation, he taught in Tennessee and Oklahoma. During the summers he continued his studies in bacteriology and physiology at the University of Chicago . In 1909, Hinton enrolled in Harvard Medical School . With the aid of two prestigious scholarships he was able to graduate with honors in 1912. Early career Hinton returned to Harvard Medical School in 1918 as an instructor in preventive medicine and hygiene. In 1921 he began teaching bacteriology and immunology subjects he would teach at Harvard for over thirty years. International Recognition Hinton became internationally known as an expert in the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis. His serological test for syphilis, which proved to be more accurate than currently accepted tests, was endorsed by the U.S. Public Health Service in 1934. Hinton s test also was simple, quick, and unambiguous. In 1936 Hinton published the first medical textbook by a black American Syphilis and Its Treatment . Hinton turned down the NAACP s 1938 Spingarn Medal award because he wanted his work to stand on its own merit he was concerned that his work would not be as well received if it was widely known in his profession that he was black. In 1948, in recognition of his contributions as a serology serologist and public health bacteriologist, Hinton was elected a life member of the American Social Science Association . The serology lab at the Massachusetts Public Health Department s Laboratory Ins ... more details
Charles Mantoux May 14, 1877 1947 was a France French physician , the developer of the eponym eponymous serology serological test for tuberculosis . He graduated from the University of Paris where he studied under Paul Broca Broca . For health reasons he relocated to Cannes but continued to work in Paris during the long vacation periods granted to patients in sanatorium s. In 1908 he presented his first study of intradermal injections to the French Academy of Sciences and published this work in 1910, and in the following years the intradermal test replaced the subcutaneous test Pirquet test . This, and other contributions to Public health and radiology , was done away from major universities and institutions. References B.G. Firkin & J.A.Whitworth 1987 . Dictionary of Medical Eponyms . Parthenon Publishing. ISBN 1 85070 333 7 La syphilis Nerveuse Latente et les Stigmates Merveux de la Syphilis . Paris, 1904. Intradermo reaction de la tuberculine. Comptes rendus de l Acad mie des sciences , Paris, 1908, 147, 355 357. External links http www.whonamedit.com doctor.cfm 2379.html Charles Mantoux . WhoNamedIt. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Mantoux, Charles ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH May 14, 1877 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1957 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Mantoux, Charles Category 1877 births Category 1947 deaths Category French physicians Category Serologists Category Tuberculosis France med bio stub de Charles Mantoux fr Charles Mantoux nl Charles Mantoux no Charles Mantoux ru , sv Charles Mantoux ... more details
Salicylate testing is a category of drug testing that is focused on detecting salicylates such as salicylic acid acetysalicylic acid for either biochemical or medical purposes. Analytical Salicylates can be identified by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry GC MS , proton NMR , and Infrared spectroscopy IR . In Vitro One of the first in vitro tests for aspirin was through the Trinder reaction . Aqueous Ferric chloride was added to a urine sample, and the formation of the iron complex turned the solution purple. This test was not specific to acetylsalicylic acid , but would occur in the presence of any phenol or enol . The downfall of this test occurs in the presence of hyperbilirubinemia, or elevated bilirubin . When the level of bilirubin exceeds 1 Milligram mg Litre dl , a false positive could occur. Fact date June 2009 Enzyme Specific Assay The current in vitro testing utilizes molecule specific methods of detecting salicylates. ref http www.cambridgelifesciences.co.uk downloads Ifu Salicylate 20IFU 20K5056 20v04.pdf ref Immunoassay Another identification mechanism is through immunoassay . Abbott Laboratories Abbott Labs Axsym AxSYM is an immunoassay device utilizing Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay FPIA technology that can determine the presence and quantify salicylates. The introduction of a salicylate specific antigen labeled with fluorescein into the sample will mark the sample. Upon irradiation with 490 nanometer nm light, some of that light will be reflected back to a detector at 520 nanometer nm . Polarization allows the machine to detect the difference between antibody bound, and unbound fluorescein. It is therefore possible to quantify the Blood serum serum salicylate level through the signal strength the amount of reflected light received. Fact date June 2009 References reflist Category Chemical tests Category Serology ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 An antibody titer is a measurement of how much antibody an organism has produced that recognizes a particular epitope , expressed as the greatest dilution that still gives a positive result. ELISA is a common means of determining antibody titers. For example, the Coombs test indirect Coombs test detects the presence of anti Rh antibodies in a pregnant woman s blood serum . A patient might be reported to have an indirect Coombs titer of 16. This means that the patient s serum gives a positive indirect Coombs test at any dilution down to 1 16 1 part serum to 15 parts diluent . At greater dilutions the indirect Coombs test is negative. If a few weeks later the same patient had an indirect Coombs titer of 32 1 32 dilution which is 1 part serum to 31 parts diluent , this would mean that she was making more anti Rh antibody, since it took a greater dilution to abolish the positive test. There are two main kinds of titer testing that one can do. First there is the physical titer this titer gives one the concentration of virus particles per unit of measurement. The second way to measure viral titers is to perform an infectious titer level. This test tells one the concentration of infectious particles that have the ability to cause infection. A physical titer is much easier and faster to perform but does not always tell one if that level is an infectious amount or not. Many traditional Serology serological tests such as hemagglutination or complement fixation employ this principle. Such tests can typically be read visually, which makes them fast and cost effective in a low tech environment. The interpretation of serological titers is guided by reference values that are specific for the antigen or antibody in question a titer of 1 32 may be below the cut off for one test but above for another. A titer when referring to a library titration is the number of plaque forming units per milliliter. The reason why the titer is important is because we ne ... more details
Taxobox Color parameter is not needed automatically assigned name Toscana virus virus group v familia Bunyaviridae genus Phlebovirus species Toscana virus Toscana virus TOSV is an arthropod borne virus arbovirus that was first isolated from the Phlebotominae sandfly , Phlebotomus perniciosus collected from the Grosseto province of the Tuscany region in Italy ref Verani, P., Nicoletti L., Ciufolini, M.G., 1984 Antigenic and biological characterization of Toscana virus, a new Phlebotomus fever group virus isolated in italy. Acta Virol. 28 39 47 ref , although has subsequently been identified isolated from Phlebotomus perfiliewi P. perfiliewi , and found across a wider Mediterranean area. The virus can be transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected sandfly. Toscana is not normally associated with disease, as indicated by high seroprevalence rates up to 25 in areas where Toscana virus is present, but in common with other sandfly transmitted viruses such as Naples virus and Sicilian virus may result in a mild illness with fever, headache , myalgia pappataci fever that may go undiagnosed, in more serious cases Toscana virus can cause an acute meningitis, and meningoencephalitis. Molecular Virology Structure Virions consist of an envelope and a nucleocapsid. Genome The genome consists of three negative sense RNA segments, termed L 6400 bases , M 4200 bases and S 1900 bases which encode the viral polymerase, structural glycoproteins proteins and nucleo proteins respectively. History Empty section date July 2010 Epidemiology Serology Empty section date February 2011 Genetic analysis Empty section date February 2011 References Reflist External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ICTVdb Ictv fs bunya.htm Genus4 Phleboviruses DEFAULTSORT Toscana Virus Category Bunyaviruses ... more details
Image Bedside card.jpg thumb 300px right The bedside card method of blood typing, in this case using a Serafol card. The result is blood group A positive. Hemagglutinin or haemagglutinin British English refers to a substance that causes red blood cell s to Agglutination biology agglutinate . This process is called hemagglutination or haemagglutination. Antibodies ref DorlandsDict four 000047685 hemagglutinin ref and lectin s ref MeshName Hemagglutinins ref are commonly known hemagglutinins. Types Examples include Influenza hemagglutinin Measles hemagglutinin Parainfluenza hemagglutinin neuraminidase Mumps hemagglutinin neuraminidase The PH E form of phytohaemagglutinin Uses in serology Hemagglutination can be used to identify RBC surface antigens with known antibodies or to screen for antibodies with RBCs with known surface antigens . Using anti A and anti B antibodies that bind specifically to either the A or to the B blood type blood group surface antigens on Red blood cell RBC s it is possible to test a small sample of blood and determine the ABO blood group or blood type of an individual. The bedside card method of blood grouping relies on visual agglutination to determine an individual s blood group. The card has dried blood group antibody reagent s fixed onto its surface and a drop of the individual s blood is placed on each area on the card. The presence or absence of visual agglutination enables a quick and convenient method of determining the ABO and Rhesus status of the individual. Agglutination of red blood cells is used in the Coombs test . See also Cold agglutinin disease Hemagglutination assay Phytohaemagglutinin s, hemagglutinins produced by plants References No footnotes date June 2009 reflist Immunologic techniques and tests Category Hematology Category Immunologic tests medicine stub ca Hemaglutinina cs Hemaglutinin de H magglutinin Influenzavirus A es Hemaglutinina fr H magglutinine hr Hemaglutinin it Emoagglutinina kk hu Haemaggluti ... more details
Infobox disease Name Cytomegalovirus colitis Image CMV colitis high mag cropped.jpg Caption Micrograph of CMV colitis. H&E stain . Width 175 DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cytomegalovirus colitis , also known as CMV colitis , is an inflammation of the colon anatomy colon . Diagnosis The diagnosis of CMV colitis is based on serology , CMV antigen testing and colonscopy with biopsy . Clinical suspicion should be arised in the setting of immunocompromised pateint but it is much rarer in immunocompetent pateint. Although it is known that CMV colitis is almost always caused by reactivation of latent CMV infection in immunocompromised pateints, new infection of CMV or reinfection of different strain of CMV can cause colitis in immunocompetent hosts. Because asymptomatic CMV viremia and viruria is common and about 1 3 of symptomatic CMV infection is caused by reinfection of different strain of CMV, the diagnosis of CMV colitis needs more direct causality. It is practically achieved by colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy tissue sampling and pathological evidence of CMV infection under microscope. Positive CMV IgG doesn t neccessarily mean that it is reactivation of latent infection because of the possibility of reinfection of different strain. Treatment The usual treatment is antiretroviral s. ref name pmid17026558 cite journal author Kandiel A, Lashner B title Cytomegalovirus colitis complicating inflammatory bowel disease journal Am. J. Gastroenterol. volume 101 issue 12 pages 2857 65 year 2006 month December pmid 17026558 doi 10.1111 j.1572 0241.2006.00869.x url ref Severe CMV colitis may lead a colectomy . ref cite journal author Lawlor G, Moss AC title Cytomegalovirus in inflammatory bowel disease pathogen or innocent bystander? journal Inflamm. Bowel Dis. volume 16 issue 9 pages 1620 7 year 2010 month September pmid 20232408 doi 10.1002 ibd.21275 url ref Risk factors The systemic use of corticosteroids in the context of inflam ... more details
Pierre Bazy 28 March 1853 22 January 1934 was a French surgeon and urologist born in Sainte Croix Volvestre . He studied medicine in Toulouse , afterwards serving as an interne at the H pital Lourcine in Paris . He successively worked at the Bic tre Hospital Bic tre , H pital Tenon and H pital Saint Louis . At the H pital Beaujon he was appointed director of urology . Bazy was a member of the Acad mie de M decine and the Acad mie des Sciences 1921 . A specialist in genitourinary medicine , he is credited with coining the term uret ro cysto n ostomie today known as ureteroneocystostomy for surgery involving implantation of the upper end of a transected ureter into the bladder . ref http www.ebooksread.com authors eng henry morris surgical diseases of the kidney and ureter including injuries malformations and ala page 55 surgical diseases of the kidney and ureter including injuries malformations and ala.shtml Electronic Library Surgical diseases of the kidney and ureter ref ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com ureteroneocystostomy Medical Dictionary definition ref Bazy was a proponent of preventive serology serotherapy for treatment of tetanus . Selected writings Atlas des maladies des voies urinaires , with Jean Casimir F lix Guyon F lix Guyon 1831 1920 . De l uret ro cysto n ostomie 1894 Maladies des voies urinaires 1896 1901 multi volume. Contribution la chirurgie de l uret re. De l uret ro py lo n ostomie 1897 La Serotherapie dans le tetanos 1914 Urologie pratique , second edition 1930 . References http www.idref.fr 068934505 IDREF.fr biography and bibliography reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Bazy, Pierre ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 28 March 1853 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 22 January 1934 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Bazy, Pierre Category People from Ari ge Category French surgeons Category Urologists Category 1934 deaths Category 1853 births sv Pierre Bazy ... more details
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