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Encyclopedia results for Service Access Point

Service Access Point





Encyclopedia results for Service Access Point

  1. Service Access Point

    A Service Access Point SAP is an identifying label for network endpoints used in Open Systems Interconnection OSI networking. When using the OSI Network Layer CONS or CLNS , the base for constructing an address for a network element is an NSAP address , similar in concept to an IP address . OSI Application Layer protocols as well as Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM can use Transport TSAP , Session SSAP or Presentation PSAP Service Access Points to specify a destination address for a connection. These SAPs consist of NSAP addresses combined with optional transport, session and presentation selectors, which can differentiate at any of the three layers between multiple services at that layer provided by a network element. The SAP is a conceptual location at which one OSI layer can request the services of another OSI layer. As an example, PD SAP or PLME SAP in IEEE 802.15.4 can be mentioned, where the Media Access Control MAC layer requests certain services from the Physical Layer . Service access points are also used in IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control in Ethernet and similar Data Link Layer protocols. The TSAP is an expansion of the NSAP. Compu network stub Category OSI protocols de Service Access Point fr Service Access Point it Service Access Point ...   more details



  1. Network Service Access Point Identifier

    Other uses NSAPI disambiguation NSAPI Multiple issues unreferenced October 2009 context October 2009 A Network Layer Service Access Point Identifier NSAPI , is an identifier used in GPRS cellular data networks. It is used to identify a Packet Data Protocol PDP context a unique data session in the Mobile Station MS and in the Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN . It is dynamically selected by the MS however, the MS should ensure that the selected NSAPI is not currently being used by another session management entity in the MS . When the MS requests a PDP context, it selects an NSAPI that it sends to the SGSN with the request. NSAPI is also used as part of the Tunnel Identifier between GPRS Support Nodes GSNs . The user identity International Mobile Subscriber Identity IMSI and the application identifier NSAPI are integrated into the Tunnel Identifier GTPv0 TID or Tunnel Endpoint Identifier GTPv1 TEID that uniquely identifies the subscriber s sublink between the GSNs SGSN and GGSN . The SGSN inserts the NSAPI along with the GGSN address in the Create PDP Context Request. One PDP context may have several secondary PDP contexts and NSAPI. The NSAPI is an integer value within the PDP context header. In the UMTS system the data connection between a GPRS Core Network and a mobile station is identified using an NSAPI, that identifies as well a radio access bearer. In the previous releases of GPRS pre Release 00 , a connection is identified by NSAPI and a Logical Link Control LLC protocol SAPI. However, in UMTS, and thus in GPRS Release 00, the LLC protocol is no longer used. Category 3rd Generation Partnership Project standards Category Telecommunications infrastructure Telecommunications stub ...   more details



  1. Access point

    Access point or Access Point may refer to Access Point Antarctica , a rocky point on Anvers Island, Antarctica Wireless access point , a device to connect to a wireless computer network Subject access point , a method in a bibliographic database by which books, journals, and other documents are accessed See also intitle Access point disambig ...   more details



  1. Routing and Remote Access Service

    Routing and Remote Access Service RRAS is a Microsoft API and server software that makes it possible to create applications to administer the routing and remote access service capabilities of the operating system, to function as a network router. Developers can also use RRAS to implement routing protocols. The RRAS server functionality follows and builds upon the Remote Access Service RAS in Windows NT 4.0. ref name RRAS MSDN Library http msdn.microsoft.com en us library Aa446768 RRAS MSDN Library ref RRAS was introduced with Windows 2000 and offered as a download for Windows NT 4.0. Multiprotocol ... en us library bb545679 v vs.85 .aspx Routing and Remote Access Service MSDN ref Routing and Remote Access Service Management Pack The Routing and Remote Access Service Management Pack helps a network ... protocols for PPP based connections. ref name Whats New See also Remote Access Service References Reflist External links http www.tech faq.com routing and remote access service.html Tech ... network WAN links such as analog phone lines or ISDN , or over VPN connections. Remote Access Server provides remote access connectivity to dial up or VPN remote access clients that use IP, IPX, AppleTalk, or NetBEUI . Routing services and remote access services used to work separately. Point to Point Protocol PPP , the protocol suite commonly used to negotiate point to point connections, has allowed them to be combined. Abstract Routing and Remote Access Service RRAS can be used to create client applications. These applications display RAS common dialog boxes, manage remote access connections ... Protocol VPN enforcement for Network Access Protection Restricts vpn connections to only defined network services. IPv6 support added Point to Point Protocol PPPv6 , L2TP , DHCPv6 , and RADIUS ... .aspx BKMK 3 What s New in Routing and Remote Access in Windows Server 2008 ref Removed Technologies ... routing protocol component in Routing and Remote Access. Basic Firewall in RRAS replaced with Windows ...   more details



  1. Remote Access Service

    s server whose operating system is set up to accept remote access, which is referred to as a remote access server RAS . This is a very difficult method to control from an auditing perspective. br Routing and Remote Access Service FOLDOC This article has some additional material from Webopedia Category Windows communication and services Category Modems de Remote Access Service it Remote Access Service ja Remote Access Service pt Remote Access Service zh ...Remote Access Services RAS refers to any combination of hardware and software to enable the remote access tools or information that typically reside on a network of IT devices. A RAS server is a specialized computer which aggregates multiple communication channels together. Because these channels are bidirectional, two models emerge Multiple entities connecting to a single resource, and a single entity connecting to multiple resources. Both of these models are widely used. Both physical and virtual resources can be provided through a RAS server centralized computing can provide multiple users access to a remote virtual operating system. Access Providers often use RAS servers to terminate physical connections to their customers, for example customers who get Internet through some form of modem. Originally coined by Microsoft when referring to their built in NT remote access tools, RAS was a service provided by Windows NT which allows most of the services which would be available on a Computer network network to be accessed over a modem link. The service includes support for dialup and logon , presents the same network interface as the normal network drivers albeit slightly slower . It is not necessary to run Windows NT on the client computing client there are client versions for other ..., or any Point to Point Protocol PPP client software. For example, most remote control programs work ... were commonly used by Internet service providers to allow consumer dial up. Modern versions ...   more details



  1. Access Point Name

    context date November 2011 ref improve date November 2011 Access Point Name APN is a configurable network identifier used by a mobile device when connecting to a GSM carrier. The carrier will then examine this identifier to determine what type of network connection should be created, for example what IP address es should be assigned to the wireless device, what security methods should be used, and how or if, it should be connected to some private customer network. ref cite web url http ftp1.digi.com support documentation appguide connectcellular ipconsiderations.pdf title GSM cellular networks use an APN Access Point Name to determine how a mobile station, in this case a Digi Connect WAN or RG format PDF date accessdate 2011 04 05 ref More specifically, the Access Point Name APN identifies an IP Packet Data Network PDN , that a mobile data user wants to communicate with. In addition to identifying a PDN, an APN may also be used to define the type of service, e.g. connection to wireless application protocol WAP server, multimedia messaging service MMS , that is provided by the PDN. APN is used in 3GPP data access networks, e.g. general packet radio service GPRS , System Architecture Evolution evolved packet core EPC . Structure of an APN File apn structure2.png thumb alt APN structure logo Access Point Node structure An structured APN consists of two parts ref http www.3gpp.org ftp Specs html info 23003.htm 3GPP TS 23.003 Numbering, addressing and identification. ref as shown in the accompanying ... de Access Point Name es Nombre de punto de acceso fr Access Point Name ko APN it Access Point Name ltg Eisynuojumi ja APN pl Access Point Name ro Nume punct de acces ru APN sv Access point name ... the service requested by the user. This part of the APN is mandatory Operator Identifier Defines ... live.gnome.org NetworkManager MobileBroadband ServiceProviders Service Provider Database and the associated http svn.gnome.org viewvc libmbca tags Access Library Category Mobile telecommunications ...   more details



  1. Global Access Point

    Infobox Station name South Bend Union Station Global Access Point type image Inside Suite.jpg image size 300 image caption Interior of Union Station in 2009 address South Bend, Indiana coordinates line other map locator Lat 41 40 9.59 N Lon 86 15 17.10 W Global Access Point as an entity began in 2003 as a vision of the future. Because Union Station South Bend, Indiana is located at the junction of three railsystems, telecom carriers began running lines through the facility in the late 1980s. ref name Tracks Global Access Point. 2007 . Connectivity , http www.global access.us connectivity ref These carriers now total 13, including many big names such as Cogent and Reliance Globalcom . As the Union Station sat empty after it was no longer in service as a train station, the owner used part of the facility for a family manufacturing business but saw a need to renovate the main areas. Over time the facility was rented out for formal events but eventually the need and opportunity presented itself to build out the facility into a state of the art data storage facility built to bring South Bend, Indiana into the 21st Century, attracting new commerce for the local economy. ref name About Global Access Point. 2007 . About Us , http www.global access.us about ref References references Category Internet access Category Telecommunications Category South Bend, Indiana computing stub telecommunications stub ...   more details



  1. Inter-Access Point Protocol

    IEEE 802.11F or Inter Access Point Protocol is a recommendation that describes an optional extension to IEEE 802.11 that provides wireless access point communications among multivendor systems. ref http standards.ieee.org getieee802 download 802.11F 2003.pdf The 802.11F 2003 Recommendation ref 802.11 is a set of IEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly used today in their 802.11a , 802.11b , 802.11g and 802.11n versions to provide wireless connectivity in the home, office and some commercial establishments. The IEEE 802.11 standard doesn t specify the communications between access points in order to support users roaming from one access point to another and Load balancing computing load balancing . The 802.11 WG purposely didn t define this element in order to provide flexibility in working with different wired and wireless distribution system s i.e., wired backbones that interconnect access points . Protocol operation The protocol is designed for the enforcement of unique association throughout an Extended Service Set and for secure exchange of station s security context between the current wireless access point Access Point AP and the new AP during the handoff period. Based on security level, communication session keys between Access Points are distributed by a RADIUS server. The RADIUS server also provides a mapping service between AP s MAC address and IP address . Status The 802.11F Recommendation has been ratified and published in 2003. IEEE 802.11F was a Trial Use Recommended Practice. The IEEE 802 Executive Committee approved its withdrawal on February 3, 2006. ref http grouper.ieee.org groups 802 11 Reports 802.11 Timelines.htm 802.11 Timelines ref See also IEEE 802.11k Radio Resource Management IEEE 802.11r Fast roaming External references http grouper.ieee.org groups 802 11 Reports tgf update.htm Status of the project ... Category IEEE 802.11 de IEEE 802.11f pl IEEE 802.11f uk Inter Access Point Protocol ...   more details



  1. Manchester Network Access Point

    Infobox Internet exchange point name Manchester Internet Access Point image image width full name abbreviation MaNAP founded 1997 location Manchester , United Kingdom members 74 ref name MEMBERS cite web title Membership list url http www.edge ix.net membership list accessdate 2012 03 20 ref ports peers website http www.manap.net www.lonap.net peak peak in peak out daily daily in daily out Manchester Network Access Point is the Manchester based internet exchange point IXP . The access point provides an exchange point for internet service providers and businesses in northern England and the Midlands and is the only access point outside London . MaNAP is a membership owned organisation, established in 1997 to enable internet companies in the North and Midlands to interconnect without the massive cost of running circuits to London and back. ref Cite news title Digital MIDAS url http www.investinmanchester.com market intelligence infrastructure digital work MIDAS accessdate 2012 03 20 ref It is one of Europe s most mature internet exchanges and allows Internet Service Providers, telecoms companies, carriers, content and web hosting providers to make financial savings by directly connecting to each other. The exchange currently has 74 members which include BT, Telewest Broadband, NTL Group and Kingston Communications. History In June 1997 Manchester Network Access Point Ltd MaNAP was formed as a not for profit regional Internet exchange. In April 2005, MaNAP was taken over by NWIX Group Ltd and the network was expanded to better serve the North West region. MaNAP remained on a not for profit basis. Connection to the network totals over 2000 kilometres of fibre, and expansion has taken place, including a fixed telecoms line to the United States which surfaces at Southport. ref Cite news title Infrastructure High speed networks help businesses make connections url http www.ft.com ... Category Network access Category Telecommunications in the United Kingdom Category Internet in the United ...   more details



  1. Wireless access point

    networking , a wireless access point WAP is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired ... WAP54G 802.11g Wireless Access Point Image RouterBoard 112 with U.FL RSMA pigtail and R52 miniPCI Wi ... network access to all of the network enabled devices in the building. With the creation of the Wireless Access Point, network users are now able to add devices that access the network with few ... CSMA CA instead. Wireless access point vs. ad hoc network Some people confuse Wireless Access Points ... two or more devices without using a wireless access point the devices communicate directly when in range ... because setup is easy and does not require an access point. Due to its peer to peer layout, Ad Hoc ... point.JPG thumb Industrial Wireless Access Point Industrial grade WAPs are rugged, with a metal cover ... Access Point Protocol used to manage a large set of WAPs WarXing searching for open networks Femtocell ... IEEE 802.11 Access point Category Network access Category Telecommunications infrastructure Category Wireless networking hardware Access point Category Wireless access points ar bn bs WiFi pristupna ta ka ca Punt d acc s cs Access point da Tr dl s basisstation de Wireless Access Point et P supunkt el es Punto de acceso inal mbrico ... point he mk ml nl Wi Fi Access Point ja LAN pl Punkt dost pu pt Access point ru sk Bezdr tov pr stupov bod sr tr Access Point uk zh ... mini PCI Wi Fi card widely used by wireless Internet service providers Wireless internet service ... attaching several WAPs to a wired network and then providing wireless access to the office Local Area Network LAN . The wireless access points are managed by a Wireless LAN controller WLAN Controller ... can be part of a mobility domain to allow clients access throughout large or regional office ...   more details



  1. Multi-service access node

    Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Multi service access Node MSAN also known as a Multi service access gateway MSAG is a device typically installed in a telephone exchange although sometimes in a roadside serving area interface cabinet which connects customers telephone lines to the core network , to provide telephone , ISDN , and broadband such as DSL all from a single platform. Prior to the deployment of MSANs, telecom providers typically had a multitude of separate equipment including DSLAM s to provide the various types of services to customers. Integrating all services on a single node, which typically backhaul telecommunications backhaul s all data streams over Internet Protocol IP or Asynchronous Transfer Mode can be more cost effective and may provide new services to customers quicker than previously possible. A typical outdoor MSAN cabinet consists of narrowBand Plain old telephone service POTS , broadBand xDSL services, batteries with rectifiers, Fiber optic communication optical transmission unit and copper distribution frame . See also Next generation network DEFAULTSORT Msan Category Telephony equipment Category Digital subscriber line Telecomm stub ca Node d acc s multiservei es Nodo de acceso multiservicio it MSAN ru Multi Service Access Node tr MSAN uk MSAN vi MSAN ...   more details



  1. Japan Network Access Point

    The Japan Network Access Point JPNAP is an Internet Exchange Point situated in Tokyo and Osaka , Japan . JPNAP was established on 2001 and operated by Internet Multifeed Co. JPNAP is List of Internet Exchange Points by size one of the largest Internet Exchanges in the world , by traffic. JPNAP provides 10 Gate equivalent GE , GbE, FE interfaces and also provides Link aggregation . The Tokyo and Osaka sites are approximately 500km apart, but they are not connected. JPNAP network is already IPv4 IPv6 v6 Dual stack ed. However, they also provide IPv6 only service through their Internet Exchange Point called JPNAP6. Technology JPNAP has two distinguishing features the first is Automatically switched optical patch panel and the other is PeerWatcher . When the automatically switched optical patch panel finds a failure in the Internet Exchange Point IX switch, it switches patch cable to the other IX switch automatically. Even if the patch panel has power problems, there s no effect on the communication, except for the detection of IX switch status. PeerWatcher shows a graph of the traffic between the two BGP routers faced on JPNAP network using sFlow . See also List of Internet Exchange Points by size http www.jpnap.net english index.html JPNAP web Category Communications in Japan Category Internet in Japan Category Internet exchange points ja JPNAP ...   more details



  1. Network access point

    Image NewNSFNETArchitecture.jpg thumb right New network architecture, c. 1995 A Network Access Point NAP was a public network exchange facility where Internet Service Providers ISPs connected with one another in peering arrangements. The NAPs were a key component in the transition from the NSFNET era when many networks were government sponsored and commercial traffic was prohibited to the commercial Internet providers of today. They were often points of considerable Internet congestion. History The four Network Access Points NAPs were defined under the U.S. National Information Infrastructure NII document as transitional data communications facilities at which Network Service Providers NSPs would exchange traffic, in replacement of the publicly financed NSFNET Internet backbone. ref http w2.eff.org Infrastructure Govt docs nsf nren.rfp NSF Solicitation 93 52 Network Access Point Manager, Routing Arbiter, Regional Network Providers, and Very High Speed Backbone Network Services Provider for NSFNET and the NREN SM Program, May 6, 1993 ref The National Science Foundation let contracts supporting the four NAPs, one to MFS Datanet for the preexisting MAE East MAE in Washington, D.C., and three others to Sprint Nextel Sprint , Ameritech , and Pacific Bell , for new facilities of various ... other independent of third parties or at neutral exchange points. Today, the phrase Network Access Point ... Access Points from Steve Wolff NSF to the com priv list , sent 13 51 EST 2 March 1994 ref As a transitional ... Point s we know today. This was particularly timely, coming hard on the heels of the ANS CO RE controversy ... those who conflate the NAPs with Internet Exchange Point IXPs . See also Commercial Internet eXchange CIX Federal Internet Exchange FIX Internet exchange point IXP VBNS very high speed Backbone Network Service vBNS NSFNET Commercial traffic Commercial traffic and NSFNET Controversy Controversy sections of the NSFNET article References Reflist Category Internet architecture Category Network access ...   more details



  1. Rogue access point

    A rogue access point is a wireless access point that has either been installed on a secure company network ... point is in the managed access point list whether or not it is connected to the secure ... called as BSSID of the access point against the managed access point BSSID list. However, automated ... different types of access point devices such as bridging, NAT router , unencrypted wireless links ... of access points, and soft access points, b necessity to determine access point connectivity with acceptable ... system detects an access point not actually connected to the secure network as wired rogue. Frequent ... of blocking friendly neighborhood access point. False negative occurs when the wireless intrusion prevention system fails to detect an access point actually connected to the secure network as wired rogue. False negatives result in security holes. If an unauthorized access point is found connected to the secure network, it is the rogue access point of the first kind also called as wired rogue . On the other hand, if the unauthorized access point is found not connected to the secure network ... clients , it is tagged as rogue access point of the second kind, which is often called an Evil twin wireless networks evil twin . Soft Rogue Access Point A soft Access Point soft AP is set up on a Wi ... that will connect to the soft AP. If any employee sets up a soft Access Point on his machine inside ... access point detection dmoz Computers Data Communications Wireless Security Wireless security Category ... access point ... Rogue Access Points url http www.wi fiplanet.com tutorials article.php 1564431 publisher wi fiplanet.com ... attack . Rogue access points of the first kind can pose a security threat to large organizations with many employees, because anyone with access to the premises can install maliciously or non maliciously an inexpensive wireless router that can potentially allow access to a secure network to unauthorized ...   more details



  1. Access Control Service

    refimprove date December 2011 Access Control Service , or Windows Azure AppFabric Access Control Service ACS is a Windows owned cloud based networking cloud based service that provides an easy way of authenticating and authorizing users to gain access to web application s and services while allowing the features of authentication and authorization to be factored out of the application code. ref cite web title ACS Overview url http msdn.microsoft.com en us library gg429788.aspx author Microsoft date May 16, 2011 publisher Microsoft accessdate July 2011 ref This facilitates application development while at the same time providing users the benefit of being able to log in to multiple applications with a reduced number of authentications, and in some cases only one authentication. As well, the system provides an authorization store that can be accessed programmatically as well as via a management portal. Once authorizations are configured, a user coming to an application via ACS arrives at the application entrance with not only an authentication token, but also a set of authorization claims attached to the token. Features ACS has the following features Integration with Windows Identity Foundation WIF Support for popular web identity providers including Windows Live ID, Google , Yahoo , and Facebook Support for Active Directory Federation Services AD FS 2.0 Support for OAuth 2.0 draft 10 , WS Trust, and WS Federation protocols Support for the SAML 1.1 , SAML 2.0 , and Simple Web Token SWT token formats Integrated and customizable Home Realm Discovery that allows users to choose their identity provider An Open Data Protocol OData based management service that provides programmatic access to the ACS configuration A browser based management portal that allows administrative access to the ACS configuration Web Platform Support ACS supports all modern web platforms such as .NET ... via the Article Wizard Category Authentication methods Category Access control software ...   more details



  1. Point of Access for Providers of Information

    PAPI Point of Access for Providers of Information is a system for providing access control to restricted information resources across the Internet. It intends to keep authentication as an issue local to the organization the user belongs to, while leaving the information providers full control over the resources they offer. The authentication mechanisms are designed to be as flexible as possible, allowing each organization to use its own authentication schema, keeping user privacy, and offering information providers data enough for statistics. Moreover, access control mechanisms are transparent to the user and compatible with the most commonly employed Web browsers and any operating system. The system consists of two independent elements the authentication server AS and the point of access PoA ... Server AS The purpose of the AS is to provide users with a single authentication point and make available to them in a completely transparent manner all the temporary keys that will let them access the services they are authorized to. Point of Access PoA The PoA manages actual access control ... servers have the responsibility of managing this point of access. A PAPI PoA can be adapted to any ... by a group wide PoA a GPoA , where initial access attempts are to be validated. This way, only ... compatible with any other access control system in use, since it does not impose any constraints on additional procedures used for these purposes. In other words, PAPI access control is completely orthogonal to procedures such as password protection, IP filters, TLS based access control, etc. The central ... authenticated, the user is automatically pointed to the entry point of the PoA. It is important ... access to the user or not. It is important to note that when we refer to a PoA trusting an AS, we are not talking about a PoA permitting any access request coming from that AS, but about the PoA trusting ..., according to the assertion and its policy, to grant access or not. Authorization is, again, a local ...   more details



  1. Lightweight Access Point Protocol

    Lightweight Access Point Protocol or LWAPP is the name of a protocol that can control multiple Wi Fi wireless access point s at once. This can reduce the amount of time spent on configuring, monitoring or troubleshooting a large network. The system will also allow network administrators to closely analyze the network. This system is installed in a central server that gathers data from RF devices from different brands and settings. The server can command a selected group of devices to apply given settings simultaneously. Standardization LWAPP was proposed by Airespace , as a standard protocol to provide interoperability among any brand of access point. Airespace was purchased by Cisco Systems. Its purpose was to standardize lightweight access points with the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF , but it was approved as a standard. Sponsored by Cisco Systems, the IETF approved it in RFC 5412. Although this protocol has so far not been popular beyond the Airespace Cisco product lines, the CAPWAP standard is based on LWAPP. Support for LWAPP is also found in analysis products from AirMagnet , who has recently implemented a software based on this protocol to analyze Cisco wireless products. ref http www.wi fiplanet.com news article.php 3660906 Wi fiPlanet.com AirMagnet Analyzes Cisco ref Still considered proprietary, LWAPP systems compete with other non standard lightweight wireless mechanisms from companies like Meru Networks and Aruba Networks. LWAPP Layer 2 Layer 2 LWAPP only requires a data link connection in order to transfer frames and layer 2 broadcasts. Even if IP connectivity ... tools.ietf.org html rfc5412 Lightweight Access Point Protocol IETF Standard http tools.ietf.org html rfc5415 Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points CAPWAP Protocol Specification DEFAULTSORT ... 43 can be used to prime the access points of the network. The controller must be on the same subnet ... CAPWAP Control and provisioning of wireless access points CAPWAP protocol specification References references ...   more details



  1. Hamara Youth Access Point

    The Hamara Youth Access Point Hyap is a drop in centre for teenager teens in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England , operated by the Hamara Healthy Living Centre , an Islam ic charity partly funded by the UK government. The drop in centre was frequented by several of the suspects in the 7 July 2005 London bombings , and is believed to have been where some were recruited into the Terrorism terrorist cell. Both Shehzad Tanweer , 22, and Hasib Hussain , 19, who have been identified as probable suicide bombing suicide bombers , frequented the Hyap, according to police, as did Naveed Fiaz , another man with connections to the suspects. Fiaz has been arrested and is being questioned, but it is not known what his role was his brother, Ejaz Fiaz , was initially thought to have been one of the four bombers, but has disappeared. The Leeds teacher Mohammed Sadique Khan , 30, also identified by police as a suicide bomber, acted as a mentor to youths at the centre. The centre is directly across the street from a mosque, which is said to have asked Khan and others to stop having political activities there, including community meetings opposed to UK policy in Iraq , which they then moved to the centre. Police have searched the premises and confiscated for forensic investigation items such as computers. Iqra bookshop The Hyap s status permitted it to apply for grants from the UK government for various program monies totalling more than British pound 1 million. Among the programs funded this way was the Iqra bookshop, which sold Islamic materials, including religious tracts and political videos and DVDs, claimed to be anti West propaganda. The Leeds suspects are believed to have watched some of the DVDs with graphic footage of civilian deaths in Iraq, Afghanistan, and the West Bank. The home of at least one worker at Iqra has been searched for possible connections to the bombings. One of the Iqra workers is Naveed Fiaz. References cite news last Jenkins first Russell title Killers may have ...   more details



  1. Service termination point

    In telecommunication , service termination point is the last point of service rendered by a commercial common carrier carrier under applicable tariffs. Usually, the service termination point is on the customer premises and corresponds to the demarcation point . The customer is responsible for equipment and Operations management operation from the service termination point to User telecommunications user end instruments. References FS1037C Category Telecommunication services telecom stub ...   more details



  1. Service control point

    too abstract date September 2011 unreferenced date January 2011 A service control point SCP is a standard component of the Intelligent Network IN telephone system which is used to control the service. Standard SCPs in the telecom industry today are deployed using SS7 , Sigtran or Session Initiation Protocol SIP technologies. The SCP queries the service data point SDP which holds the actual database and directory. SCP, using the database from the SDP, identifies the geographical number to which the call is to be routed. This is the same mechanism that is used to route 800 number s. SCP may also communicate with an intelligent peripheral IP to play voice messages, or prompt for information to the user, such as prepaid long distance using account codes. This is done by implementing telephone feature code s like , which can be used to terminate the input for a user name or password or can be used for call forwarding . These are realized using INAP Intelligent Network Application Part INAP that sits above Transaction Capabilities Application Part TCAP on the SS7 protocol stack. The TCAP is part of the top or 7th layer of the SS7 layer breakdown. SCPs are connected with either Service switching point SSPs or Signal transfer point STPs . This is dependent upon the network architecture that the network service provider wants. The most common implementation uses STPs. SCP and SDP split is becoming a common industry practice. This is known generally in the industry by split architecture. Reason is that operators want to decouple the dependency between the two functionality to facilitate upgrades and possibly rely on different vendors. External links http www.tekelec.com ss7 ss7.asp SS7 Overview Tekelek inc Compu network stub telecom stub Category Telecommunications terms Category Signaling System 7 de Service Control Point es Service Control Point pl Service Control Point ...   more details



  1. Service switching point

    In telephony , a service switching point SSP is the telephone exchange that initially responds, when a telephone caller dials a number, by sending a query to a central database called a service control point SCP so that the call can be handled. The service switching point uses the Signalling System 7 SS7 protocols which are responsible for the call setup, management, and termination with other service switching points. Relationship between SSP and SCP With the introduction of the Intelligent Network architecture, service functionality e.g. UK translation of 0800 non geographic telephone numbers is being removed from the actual telephone exchange and devolved out into other computer nodes. In this new architecture, the telephone exchange is known as an SSP and the node that contains the services and hence controls the progression of a call is known as service control point SCP . Example of a 0800 number translation service In the UK 08XXX numbers are non geographic numbers that is, the number does not refer to a telephone number in any particular region of the UK. To route a call to such an 08XXX number, the number must be translated into a geographic number e.g. 0121 XXX XXXX for Birmingham numbers . An SSP telephone exchange receives a call to an 0800 number. This causes a trigger within the SSP that causes an SCP Service Control Point to be queried using SS7 protocols INAP , Transaction Capabilities Application Part TCAP . The SCP responds with a geographic number, e.g. 0121 XXX XXXX, and the call is actually routed to a phone. By this architecture 08XXX non geographic numbers can be set up in a few SCP nodes rather than having to be set up in every telephone exchange in the country. geographic numbers can be hidden revenue can be generated by non telecoms companies from people making telephone calls to services e.g. telephone voting External links http www.iec.org online tutorials ss7 SS7 Tutorial Signalling architecuture, including SSP description. Link Dead Category ...   more details



  1. Service data point

    Unreferenced date March 2007 A service data point is the Node computer science node in the Intelligent Network IN GSM which is responsible for providing subscriber information. A GSM services GSM network element that needs information about subscriber will interrogate the SDP about such information. The Operator programming operator has to define all the rate plans in SDP. The SDP is being interrogated on a periodical interval to evaluate the validity of the current call by the subscriber. The validity is being measured according to several criteria The subscriber balance cover the charge of the service being requested by him her. The subscriber is eligible to use the service according to his rate plan. Category Network architecture Compu network stub ...   more details



  1. Point of service plan

    A point of service plan , or POS plan , is a type of managed care health insurance system. It combines characteristics of both the HMO and the Preferred provider organization PPO . Members of a POS plan do not make a choice about which system to use until the point at which the service is being used. The POS is based on the basic managed care foundation lower medical costs in exchange for more limited choice. But POS health insurance does differ from other managed care plans. When the patient enrolls in a POS plan, they are required to choose a primary care physician to monitor the patient s health care. This primary care physician must be chosen from within the health care network, and becomes their point of service . The primary POS physician may then make referrals outside the network, but then only some compensation will be offered by the patient s health insurance company. For medical visits within the health care network, paperwork is completed for the patient . If the patient chooses to go outside the network, it is the patient s responsibility to fill out the forms, send bills in for payment, and keep an accurate account of health care receipts. See also Point of service References http www.opm.gov insure glossary index.asp Glossary , Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, Office of Personnel Management U.S. Office of Personnel Management URL updated September 7, 2009 . http stats.bls.gov ncs ebs sp healthterms.pdf search 22pos 20health 20insurance 20plan 20definition 22 Definitions of Health Insurance Terms , U.S. Interdepartmental Committee on Employment based Health Insurance Surveys URL retrieved September 30, 2006 . Sankey, Judith A., Employee Benefit Plans A Glossary of Terms , International Foundation of Employee Benefit Plans, 1997, ISBN 0 89154 513 1. Category Insurance Category Health economics Category Managed care health stub ...   more details



  1. Athens (access and identity management service)

    . Over 4.5 million users worldwide can gain access to over 300 protected online resources via the Athens service. Athens replaces the multiple usernames and passwords necessary to access subscription ... , and given access to different sets of resources. The Athens service is neutral it is not involved in the selling process between a Service Provider SP and an Identity Provider IdP . The SP informs Athens when access to its resource is to be enabled to an IdP, and Athens then allows the IdP to allocate ...Primarysources date January 2012 Refimprove date January 2012 Athens is an Identity management service based in the United Kingdom that is supplied by Eduserv Foundation Eduserv to provide single sign ... service can choose between the Classic Athens service , where username s are held by Eduserv .... Firstly, the ability to manage large numbers of users, their credentials, and associated access ... token s across domains in a secure and trusted way. Trust The Athens service is a trust Federated identity federation where Identity Providers, Service Providers and Athens operate under common ... based tools provided as part of the Athens service to manage their user accounts in a truly federated ... and Further Education institutions, the UK National Health Service , and in http auth.athensams.net ... access to library resources. Standards Once Security Assertion Markup Language SAML became a ratified ... to facilitate inter working with a larger number of systems. The Athens service offers SAML and Shibboleth ... available to its Service Providers through its agent technology. These are generally organisation ... of Bath , the service was originally named Athena after the Greek goddess of knowledge and learning ... due to the name Athena being already trademarked. As from 1996, the service has had two periods of significant expansion. The first in 2000 due to a central contract that made the service freely ... National Health Service . See Also Identity management Federated identity SAML 2.0 SAML based ...   more details



  1. Access IS

    , Australia. Access IS has four major vertical markets airports, retail point of sale, retail banking and dealer rooms. Access IS is the trading name of Access Limited. For further information on the brand name, see below. Background to the name Access IS is an abbreviation of Access Interfacing Solutions . Originally Access Keyboards Limited, the company was renamed Access Ltd and adopted the brand name Access IS in October 2007 to reflect the broader product offering the company offered. The new ...Orphan date July 2009 Infobox Company company name Access IS company logo Image Access IS logo 240px.jpg company type Private foundation Reading, England 1985 location Reading, Berkshire , UK industry Manufacturing products Computer keyboards br Bar code readers br MSR br OCR br Passport readers homepage http www.access is.com Access IS website Access IS is the UK s largest independent computer keyboard manufacturer. More widely, Access IS designs and manufactures products to input data into computer systems. In addition to making keyboards where an operator types the information into a system, other Access IS hardware reads data from various media, particularly from printed barcodes, magnetic stripe media for example, information stored on the magnetic strip on the back of a credit card and through ... . Access has its headquarters in Reading, Berkshire Reading, UK , with approximately 55 salaried ... in December 1984 and was wholly owned by the Videcom Group of companies. Access IS then named Access ... with funding provided by 3i. br 1997 First programmable point of sale keyboards launched. 2000s 2004 3i s shares were sold back to the company. br 2006 Access manufacture BGR boarding gate readers . br 2007 Subsidiary established in Atlanta. br 2007 Access Keyboards Limited renamed Access IS, and began trading as Access IS. br 2009 Access IS gained ISO 9001 2008. Product range Custom computer keyboards ... readers BGRs , passport readers. External links http www.access is.com Access IS website Category ...   more details




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