The X0 sexdeterminationsystem is a system that hymenoptera ns, grasshopper s, cricket insect cricket s, cockroach cockroaches , and some other insects use to determine the sex of their offspring. In this system, there is only one sex chromosome, referred to as X. Males only have one X chromosome X0 , while females have two XX . The zero sometimes, the letter O signifies the lack of a second X. Maternal gametes always contain an X chromosome, so the sex of the animals offspring is decided by the male. Its spermatozoon sperm normally contain either one X chromosome or no sex chromosomes at all. In a variant of this system, certain animals are hermaphrodite hermaphroditic with two sex chromosomes XX and male with only one X0 . The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans &mdash a nematode frequently used in biological research&mdash is one such organism. Some Drosophila species have X0 males. ref Patterson JT and Stone WS. 1952. Evolution in the Genus Drosophila. ref These are thought to arise via the loss of the Y chromosome . In humans In humans, having only a single X chromosome is known as Turner syndrome . However, such individuals generally present as female , as humans have an XY sexdeterminationsystem . See also X chromosome Y chromosome chromosome sexual differentiation Sexdeterminationsystem XY sexdeterminationsystem ZW sexdeterminationsystem Haplodiploid sexdeterminationsystem References Reflist Category Sexdetermination systems genetics stub fr Syst me XX X0 de d termination sexuelle hu Ivart meghat roz X0 rendszer ja XO ... more details
The ZW sexdeterminationsystem is a system that determines the sex of offspring in bird s, some fish and crustaceans such as the Macrobrachium rosenbergii giant river prawn , some insect s including butterflies and moth s , and some reptiles, including Komodo dragon s. In the ZW system it is the ovum that determines the sex of the offspring, in contrast to the XY sexdeterminationsystem and the X0 sexdeterminationsystem , wherein it is the sperm that determines the sex. The letters Z and W are used to distinguish this system from the XY system. Males are the homogametic sex ZZ , while females are homogametic sex heterogametic ZW . The Z chromosome is larger and has more genes, like the X chromosome in the XY system. On November 3, 2010, scientists announced that they discovered a female Boa constrictor that can produce offspring without mating and, through such asexual reproduction , produced ... and the ZW equivalent chromosomes at the other end according to the paper. See also Sexdeterminationsystem Sexual differentiation Haplodiploid sexdeterminationsystem XY sexdeterminationsystem X0 sexdeterminationsystem Temperature dependent sexdetermination X chromosome Y chromosome References reflist DEFAULTSORT Zw SexDeterminationSystem Category Sexdetermination systems genetics stub ... embryo embryonic death, or that both chromosomes are responsible for sex selection. ref cite journal author Smith CA, Roeszler KN, Hudson QJ, Sinclair AH title Avian sexdetermination what, when and where ... and XY sexdetermination systems do not share an origin, but that the sex chromosomes are derived ... be found. This suggests that the W chromosome is essential in female determination in some species ... journal author Stiglec R, Ezaz T, Graves JA title A new look at the evolution of avian sex chromosomes ... sex chromosomes shares genes with the bird Z and mammal X chromosomes journal Nature journal Nature ... chromosome &ndash based system, where the chromosomes form a multivalent chain in male meiosis , segregating ... more details
the heterogametic sex . However, an ZW sexdeterminationsystem opposite scheme is found in birds . The XY sexdeterminationsystem was first described independently by Nettie Stevens and Edmund Beecher Wilson in 1905. History Ancient ideas on sexdetermination Since ancient times, people have believed ... with discovering, in 1905, the chromosomal XY sexdeterminationsystem the fact that males have XY ... and androgen insensitivity syndrome . Birds have a similar system of sexdetermination ZW sexdetermination ... X chromosome Y chromosome Y chromosome , for more information about origins of the XY sexdeterminationsystem Chromosome , for information on abnormalities of the XY sexdeterminationsystem Intersex ... , human Testis determining factor Barr body Maternal influence on sexdetermination Y chromosomal Adam Other sexdeterminationsystem s X0 sexdeterminationsystem ZW sexdeterminationsystem Haplodiploid sexdeterminationsystem References CytogenetGenomeRes101 266. reflist External links http bio.research.ucsc.edu ... Chromosomes en.htm Sex Chromosomes What Are They For? DEFAULTSORT Xy SexDeterminationSystem Category ...Image Drosophila XY sex determination.svg thumb 200px Drosophila sex chromosomes The XY sexdeterminationsystem is the sexdeterminationsystem found in human s, most other mammal s, some insects Drosophila and some plants Ginkgo . In this system, females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome ... principle was the driver behind sexdetermination, ref De Generatione Animalium , 766B 15 17 ... develop as a female. In contrast, modern genetics has developed a view on sexdetermination in which ... for the male sexdetermination, which was named SRY S ex determining R egion of the Y chromosome ... would activate a cascade of male genes. It turns out that the sexdetermination pathway is probably ... then there will be a male born. We are entering this new era in molecular biology of sexdetermination ... have wide ranging consequences. Scientists have been studying different sexdetermination systems in fruit ... more details
differences. Determination genetically is generally through chromosome combinations of XY sexdeterminationsystem XY , ZW sexdeterminationsystem ZW , XO sexdeterminationsystem XO , or haplodiploid ... as XX males. ref name Schartl Chromosomal determination XX XY sex chromosomes Image Drosophila XY sex determination.svg thumb Drosophila sex chromosomes Main XY sexdeterminationsystem The XX XY sexdeterminationsystem is the most familiar, as it is found in human s. In the system, females have ... in XO sexdetermination XX X0 sexdetermination Main X0 sexdeterminationsystem In this variant of the XY ... ref ZW sex chromosomes Main ZW sexdeterminationsystem The ZW sexdeterminationsystem is found in bird s, reptiles, some insects and other organisms. The ZW sexdeterminationsystem is reversed ... thumb left Haplodiploid sex chromosomes Haplodiploidy Main Ploidy Haplodiploid sexdeterminationsystem ..., bonellin. Some species, however, have no sexdeterminationsystem. Hermaphrodites include the common ... 2010 DEFAULTSORT SexDeterminationSystem Category Sexdetermination systems Category Epigenetics ...About the biological cause of sexual differentiation Sexdetermination disambiguation A sexdeterminationsystem is a biology biological system that determines the development of sex sexual characteristics ... , the act of a female reproducing without fertilization. In many cases, sexdetermination ... variables such as Temperature dependent sexdetermination temperature or social variables the size of an organism relative to other members of its population . Environmental sexdetermination occurred ... of some sexdetermination systems are not yet fully understood. Origin of sex chromosomes File ... title Human Y Chromosome, SexDetermination, and Spermatogenesis A Feminist View journal Biology of Reproduction ... Vertebrate ZW and XY Sex Chromosome System journal Current Biology date 5 September 2006 doi ... Protein Sex Lethal Sxl and Control of Drosophila SexDetermination and Dosage Compensation journal ... more details
thumb The haplodiploid sexdeterminationsystem is typical of bees and wasps. The haplodiploid sexdeterminationsystem determines the sex of the offspring of many hymenoptera ns bee s, ant s, and wasp s , spider mite s, coleopterans bark beetle s and rotifer s. In this system, sex is determined ... . This haplodiploid sexdeterminationsystem produces a number of peculiarities chief among these is that a male ... unfertilized eggs that become their sons, haplodiploid sexdeterminationsystem increases the individual ... style text align center Shared gene proportions in haplo diploid sexdeterminationsystem relationships style width 50px Sex style width 100px Daughter style width 100px Son style width 100px Mother ... chromosome chromosome sexual differentiation Sexdeterminationsystem XY sexdeterminationsystem ZW sexdeterminationsystem X0 sexdeterminationsystem Temperature dependent sexdetermination References ... 132 2 217 236 1988 DEFAULTSORT Haplodiploid SexDeterminationSystem Category Sexdetermination ... been proposed for the genetic mechanisms of haplodiploid sexdetermination. The model most commonly ... sexdetermination in Hymenoptera an unintelligent design? Frontiers in Zoology 2006, 3 1 ref Social bees, wasps, and ants can modify sex ratios within colonies to maximize relatedness among members ..., Eric http www.sccs.swarthmore.edu users 99 mahowald hymenoptera.html Sexdetermination in the Hymenoptera Swarthmore College 1999 ref Sexdetermination in honey bees In honeybee s the drone bee ... sexdetermination absent in Heterospilus prosopidis Hymenoptera Braconidae Heredity 2005 95, 228 234 ... of different sex allele s present in a population, hence increasing the occurrence of diploid ... 323588&erFrom 70185632553608179Guest The Effect of Sex Allocation Biasing on the Evolution of Worker ... the typical sex ratio of 1 1, results in raising siblings with an average relatedness coefficient of 1 ... Rate Detected in the Sex Locus Region of the Honey Bee Apis mellifera Genetics journal Genetics ... more details
Sexdetermination may refer to Development of an organism s sex A Sexdeterminationsystem , a biological system that directs the development of sexual characteristics in an organism Sexdetermination and differentiation human Sexual differentiation , the development of sexual characteristics in humans Discernment of an organism s sex Prenatal sex discernment , prenatal testing for the discernment of the fetal sex in humans Postnatal sex discernment , discernment of sex by inspecting the genitalia when a baby is delivered Sex assignment , a human social act carrying the assumption that the assigned person will then have a corresponding gender identity Sexing , used by biologists and agricultural workers to discern the sex of livestock or other animals See also Gender , including biological sex Sexual dimorphism , a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species, used in sex discernment Sex differences in humans disambiguation ... more details
Environmental sexdetermination or ESD is any sexdeterminationsystem in which sex is established by a nongenetic ... sexdetermination is adaptive in this system by permitting males to experience a longer growing season ... Document Format PDF ref See also Sexdeterminationsystem Daphnia Magna , parthenogenetically produces ..., genotypic sexdetermination GSD occurs when sex is established by genetic factors e.g. sex chromosome s at conception. ref name janzen cite journal author F. J. Janzen & P. C. Phillips year 2006 title Exploring the evolution of environmental sexdetermination, especially in reptiles journal ... Format PDF ref Environmental sexdetermination should also not be confused with some forms of hermaphroditism ... of environmental sexdetermination in an amphipod journal Journal of Evolutionary Biology volume 10 ... sexdetermination is not so clear for amniote s, however, the clade in which this it is perhaps most common. Most amniote vertebrates have genetic sexdetermination, but a small highly diverse set of taxa in this clade show environmental sexdetermination. In these latter animals, environmental sexdetermination occurs as temperature dependent sexdetermination TSD , wherein sex of individuals ... 1991 title Environmental sexdetermination in reptiles ecology, evolution, and experimental design ... ref cite book year 2004 title Temperature Dependent SexDetermination in Vertebrates editor Nicole Valenzuela ... only have genetic sexdetermination, ref cite book author James J. Bull year 1983 title Evolution ... determination. In contrast, squamate s lizard s and snake s and turtle s exhibit both genotypic sexdetermination and temperature dependent sexdetermination, although the latter is much more common ... Phylogenetics which was first, TSD or GSD? pages 121 130 title Temperature Dependent SexDetermination ..., Taisen Iguchi 2011 . Environmental SexDetermination in the Branchiopod Crustacean Daphnia ... reflist 2 Category Sexdetermination systems ... more details
step of sexdetermination the SRY genes. See also Sexual differentiation Sexdeterminationsystem References div class references small references div Category Sexdetermination systems Category Epigenetics ... in the sexdetermination and differentiation process ref cite journal author MacLaughlin and Donahoe N title Mechanisms of Disease SexDetermination and Differentiation journal New England Journal of Medicine ... with undescended testes to complete sex reversal and female phenotype Androgen insensitivity syndrome ... more details
. It differs from the chromosomal sexdeterminationsystem s common among vertebrates. It is a type of environmental sexdetermination ESD in other ESD systems, some factors such as population determine the sex of organisms see Polyphenism Sexdetermination Polyphenism . The eggs are affected by the temperature ... enzyme s, and testing of homologous Sexdeterminationsystem Chromosomal determination GSD ... ref br See also Sexdeterminationsystem References reflist 2 Category Reptiles Category Sexdetermination ...Temperature dependent sexdetermination TSD is a type of environmental sexdetermination in which the temperatures ... dependent sexdetermination in a reptile url http www.nature.com nature journal vaop ncurrent ... and morphology of temperature dependent sexdetermination url journal The Journal of Experimental Zoology ... sexdetermination in a chelonian the European pond turtle doi 10.1111 j.1365 2435.2007.01349.x .... ref Eti, turtles of the world. http www.eti.uva.nl turtles Temperature dependent sexdetermination . ETI. Accessed April 16, 2008 ref Very near or at the pivotal temperature of sexdetermination, mixed ... cite journal doi 10.1086 411613 last1 Bull first1 J. J. year 1980 title Sexdetermination in reptiles ... and estradiol A common pathway in turtle sexdetermination url journal The Journal of Experimental ... dependent sexdetermination the interplay of steroid hormones and temperature. journal Zoo. Sci ... ref cite journal doi 10.1046 j.1525 142X.2003.03008.x last1 Crews first1 D. year 2003 title Sexdetermination ... versus genetic sexdetermination a possible factor in dinosaur extinction? url journal Fertility and Sterility ... predisposed to temperature dependent sexdetermination? url journal Sexual Development volume 4 ... in turtles with temperature dependent and genotypic sexdetermination url journal Integrative ... Exploring the evolution of environmental sexdetermination, especially in reptiles url journal Journal ... 2011 title Chromosome number and sexdetermination coevolve in turtles journal Evolution journal ... more details
In humans and several other species of animals, the father determines the sex of the child. In the XY sexdeterminationsystem , the female provided ovum contributes an X chromosome and the male provided sperm contributes either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome, resulting in female XX or male XY offspring, respectively. Recent findings indicate that maternal influences may impact which sperm are more likely to achieve conception and that there may be mechanisms by which the mother selectively encourages or discourages sperm with particular characteristics. Human ova, like those of other mammals, are covered with a thick translucent layer called the zona pellucida , which the sperm must penetrate to fertilize the egg. Once viewed simply as an impediment to fertilization , recent research indicates the zona pellucida may instead function as a sophisticated biological security system that chemically controls the entry of the sperm into the egg and protects the fertilized egg from additional sperm. ref Suzanne Wymelenberg, Science and Babies, National Academy Press, 1990, page 17 ref Recent research indicates that human ova may produce a chemical which appears to attract sperm and influence their swimming motion. However, not all sperm are positively impacted some appear to remain uninfluenced and some actually move away from the egg. ref Richard E. Jones and Kristin H. Lopez, Human Reproductive Biology, Third Edition, Elsevier, 2006, page 238 ref Maternal influences may also be possible that affect sexdetermination in such a way as to produce fraternal twins equally weighted between one male and one female. ref http home.comcast.net brucehjohnson Applied Physics Engineering ref See also Fertilisation External links http www.wikigenes.org e mesh e 6590.html Sperm Ovum Interactions at WikiGenes References references Category Reproduction Category Sexdetermination systems ... more details
wiktionary Determination may refer to Cell fate determination Co determination Coefficient of determinationDetermination God Forbid album Determination God Forbid album , 2001 Determination Tommy Emmanuel album Determination Tommy Emmanuel album , 1992 Expert determination Hidden surface determination Orbit determination Presidential DeterminationSexdeterminationsystemSexdetermination Self determination Van Slyke determination Zeisel determination Zerewitinoff determinationDetermination, a concept in dialectic s See also Decision Identification disambiguation Measurement disambiguation cs Determinace de Determination fr D termination it Determinazione ... more details
among the executive directors. The typical two tier system with co determination is the German system. The typical one tier system with co determination is the Swedish system. There are three main views as to why co determination primarily exists to reduce management labour conflict by means of improving and systematizing communication channels ref Prominent views of co determination have thus been ...Co determination is a practice whereby the employees have a role in management of a company. The word is a literal translation from the German word Mitbestimmung . Co determination rights are different ... co determination laws began in Germany. At first there was only worker participation in management ... with co determination workers in large companies usually form special bodies works councils and in smaller .... In systems with co determination the employees are given seats in a board of directors in one tier ..., who votes only on matters concerning employees. In one tier systems with co determination the employees ... ref A conservative economic approach views co determination as not benign a political means for transfer ... argues that co determination in effect corrects several market failures so lack of voluntary adoption cannot be viewed as evidence that co determination is inefficient see Stephen C. Smith , On the economic rationale for co determination law, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organisation, Vol. 16, pp. 261 281, December 1991. ref The evidence on efficiency is mixed, with co determination having ... see Felix R. Fitzroy and Kornelius Kraft, Co determination, efficiency and productivity, British ... Main Codetermination in Germany Mitbestimmungsgesetz The German model of co determination is unique ... Germany following the war and gradually expanded to other sectors. Co determination in Germany is regulated ... co determination law Mitbestimmungsgesetz forms part of the bedrock of German industrial and company .... Co determination in Germany operates on three organisational levels 1. Board of directors Prior ... more details
Refimprove date August 2009 Orbit determination is a branch of astronomy specialised in calculating, and hence predicting, the orbit s of objects such as moons, planets, and spacecraft . These orbits could be orbiting the Earth , or other bodies. The determination of the orbit of newly observed asteroid s is a common usage of these techniques, both so the asteroid can be followed up with future observations, and also to check that it has not been previously discovered. Among other uses, it is critical for making use of Global Positioning System GPS signals to determine position. History Orbit determination has a long history, beginning with the prehistoric discovery of the planet s and subsequent attempts to predict their motions. Johannes Kepler used Tycho Brahe s careful observations of Mars to deduce the elliptical shape of its orbit and its orientation in space, deriving his three Kepler s laws of planetary motion laws of planetary motion in the process. The beginning of modern understanding of orbit determination is considered to be Anders Johan Lexell s work on computing the orbit of the comet discovered in 1770 that later was named Lexell s Comet , ref name valsecchi Valsecchi, G. 236 Years Ago... in Near Earth Objects, Our Celestial Neighbors Opportunity and Risk Proceedings ... that first made the comet fly close to Earth and then would have expelled it from the Solar system . ref ... 85 bibcode 1779RSPT...69...68L ref Another milestone in orbit determination was Carl Friedrich Gauss ... result in the six orbital elements that completely describe an orbit. The theory of orbit determination ..., such as artificial satellite s and Near Earth object s. Methods Orbit determination must take ... method consists of.... p iteration method Refinement One use of this method is in the determination ... Orbit Determination and Satellite Navigation http www.coastalbend.edu acdem math sats Satellite Orbit Determination DEFAULTSORT Orbit Determination Category Astrometry Category Celestial mechanics ... more details
ref While the evolution of sex itself dates to the eukaryote stage, the origin of Sexdeterminationsystem chromosomal sexdetermination is younger. The ZW sexdeterminationsystem is shared by birds ... use XY sexdeterminationsystem XY sexdetermination . X0 sexdeterminationsystem X0 sexdetermination ... sexdeterminationsystem . In genetic sexdetermination systems, an organism s sex is determined by the genome it inherits. Genetic sexdetermination usually depends on asymmetrically inherited sex chromosomes ... and female offspring. Human s and other mammal s have an XY sexdeterminationsystem the Y chromosome ... see below . In bird s, which have a ZW sexdeterminationsystem , the opposite is true the W ... are male and ZW are female. The majority of butterflies and moths also have a ZW sexdeterminationsystem. In both XY and ZW sexdetermination systems, the sex chromosome carrying the critical factors ... 04 01 ref Many insect s use a sexdeterminationsystem based on the number of sex chromosomes. This is called X0 sexdetermination the 0 indicates the absence of the sex chromosome. All other chromosomes ... ref Other insects, including honey bee s and ant s, use a haplodiploid sexdeterminationsystem . ref ... are male. This sexdeterminationsystem results in highly biased sex ratio s, as the sex of offspring ... sexdetermination systems do not share an origin, but that the sex chromosomes are derived from ... AB if A arises in an individual which already has B, or vice versa. Sexdetermination Main Sexdeterminationsystem The most basic sexual system is one in which all organisms are hermaphrodite ... developing into one sex or the other is called sexdetermination. In the majority of species ... either by the presence of a sex chromosome or by how many the organism has. Genetic sexdetermination ... chromosome, is female. Thus, XX mammals are female and XY are male. XY sexdetermination is found ... journal title SexDetermination in Flowering Plants author Dellaporta SL, Calderon Urrea A journal ... more details
about self determination in international law other uses Self determination disambiguation Self determination ... title United Nations Trust Territories that have achieved self determination publisher Un.org date ... and legal criteria for determining which groups may legitimately claim the right to self determination ... ai n19132482 Self Determination , Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, 2002. ref Moreover, self determination is just one of many principles applied to determining international borders. ref .... 306 323. ref By extension the term self determination has come to mean the Self determination philosophy ... webster.com dictionary self determination title Merriam Webster online dictionary publisher Merriam webster.com date accessdate 2012 03 04 ref ref http www.answers.com topic self determination Answers.com ... throughout recorded history, political self determination, on an individual level, has been documented ... after the Treaty of Westphalia , also explain the emergence of self determination during the Modern ... inside larger states, in this situation self determination can be seen as a reaction to imperialism ... determination for those governed. ref Jackson J. Spielvogel, Western Civilization Since 1500 , http ... determination, because of the explicit invocation of natural law, the natural rights of man, as well ... determination on that Old World continent. ref Chim ne Keitner, Oxford University , http www.ciaonet.org isa woc01 National Self Determination The Legacy of the French Revolution , paper presented ... abstract.html?res F60B16FD3D5C147A93C2AB178CD85F4D8185F9 Self Determination Not a New Expedient First ... capability, the United States government did not accept self determination as a basis ...&dq 22self determination 22 of colonies marx&ei HLAGS6bRHafgyASj 2 Dw v onepage&q &f false p. 188 , Oxford ... be wrong to interpret the right to self determination as meaning anything but the right to existence ... self det ch01.htm v20pp72 395 title What Is Meant By The Self Determination of Nations? publisher Marxists.org ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 The Zerewitinoff determination or Zerevitinov determination is a quantitative chemical test for the determination of active hydrogen s in a chemical substance . A sample is treated with the Grignard reaction Grignard reagent , methylmagnesium iodide , which reacts with any acidic hydrogen atom to form methane . This gas can be determined quantitatively. For example Image Zerewitinow reaction.png 500px External links http www.patentstorm.us patents 5554686.html example from polyurethane chemistry Category Chemical tests de Zerewitinow Reaktion ... more details
A Presidential Determination is a document issued by the White House stating a determination resulting in an official policy or position of the executive branch of the United States government. Presidential determinations may involve any number of actions, including setting or changing foreign policy, ref name Determination 96 8 cite web year 1996 title Suspending Restrictions on U.S. Relations with the Palestine Liberation Organization publisher White House accessdate 2007 07 13 url http www.yale.edu lawweb avalon mideast pal01.htm ref setting drug enforcement policy, ref name Determination 2006 24 cite web year 2007 title Presidential Determination on Major Drug Transit or Major Illicit Drug Producing Countries for Fiscal Year 2007 publisher White House accessdate 2007 07 13 url http www.state.gov p inl rls prsrl ps 72379.htm archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070712051055 http www.state.gov p inl rls prsrl ps 72379.htm Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 07 12 ref or any number of other exercises of executive power. One of the most famous presidential determinations was President Clinton s Presidential Determination 95 45, which exempted the US Air Force s Area 51 from environmental disclosure laws, in response to subpoenas from a lawsuit brought by Area 51 workers alleging illegal hazardous waste disposal which resulted in injury and death. ref name Determination 95 45 cite web year 1995 title Presidential Determination on Classified Information Concerning the Air Force s Operating Location Near Groom Lake, Nevada publisher U.S. Government Printing Office accessdate 2009 04 04 url http frwebgate.access.gpo.gov cgi bin getdoc.cgi?dbname 1995 register&docid fr10oc95 127.pdf ref Subsequent to this determination, the lawsuit was dismissed due to lack of evidence. A presidential determination is distinguished from an Executive order United States Executive Order which is a directive as distinguished from a determination issued by the President of the United States ... more details
Content determination is a subtask of Natural language generation , which involves deciding the on the information communicated in a generated text. It is closely related to Document structuring NLG task. Example Consider an NLG system which summarises information about sick babies. ref name portet cite journal author Portet F, Reiter E, Gatt A, Hunter J, Sripada S, Freer Y, Sykes C title Automatic Generation of Textual Summaries from Neonatal Intensive Care Data journal Artificial Intelligence volume 173 pages 789 816 year 2009 doi 10.1016 j.artint.2008.12.002 ref Suppose this system has four pieces of information it can communicate The baby is being given morphine via an IV drop The baby s heart rate shows bradycardia s temporary drops The baby s temperature is normal The baby is crying Which of these bits of information should be included in the generated texts? Issues There are three general issues which almost always impact the content determination task, and can be illustrated with the above example. Perhaps the most fundamental issue is the communicative goal of the text, i.e. its purpose and reader . In the above example, for instance, a doctor who wants to make a decision about medical treatment would probably be most interested in the heart rate bradycardias, while a parent who wanted to know how her child was doing would probably be more interested in the fact that the baby was being given morphine and was crying. The second issue is the size and level of detail of the generated text. For instance, a short summary which was sent to a doctor as a 160 character SMS text message might only mention the heart rate bradycarias, while a longer summary which was printed .... Regardless, content determination is very important to users, indeed in many cases the quality of content determination is the most important factor from the user s perspective in determining ... Determination Category Computational linguistics Category Natural language processing ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name In the Wake of Determination Type Album Artist Story of the Year Cover Soty.jpg Released October 11, 2005 Recorded 2005 Genre Post hardcore , emo , alternative rock Length 48 01 Label Maverick Records Maverick Producer Steve Evetts Reviews Allmusic Rating 3.5 5 Allmusic class album id r795694 review pure url yes link Robert Christgau Rating Christgau dud http www.robertchristgau.com get artist.php?name story of the year link Last album Live in the Lou Bassassins Live In the Lou Bassassins br 2005 This album In the Wake of Determination br 2005 Next album The Black Swan Story of the Year album The Black Swan br 2008 In the Wake of Determination is the second studio album by United States American rock music rock band Story of the Year . It was released on October 11, 2005. The first single that was released from the album was We Don t Care Anymore , followed by another two songs, titled Our Time Is Now and Take Me Back . The album is much heavier sounding than their debut album Page Avenue , due to switching producers to get their true sound . Even though In the Wake of Determination did not sell as well as Page Avenue , it reached 19 on The Billboard 200. ref name peaks Cite web url http www.billboard.com bbcom retrieve chart history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName Albums&model.vnuArtistId 534017&model.vnuAlbumId 1110929 title Artist Chart History accessdate 2008 05 23 work Billboard magazine Billboard ref Track listing tracklist title1 We Don t Care Anymore length1 3 31 title2 Take Me Back length2 4 07 title3 Our Time Is Now length3 4 08 title4 Taste the Poison length4 3 44 title5 Stereo length5 3 31 title6 Five Against the World length6 3 13 title7 Sleep length7 4 13 title8 Meathead length8 2 25 title9 March of the Dead ... produced by Steve Evetts 2000s punk album stub es In the Wake of Determination fr In the Wake of Determination pl In the Wake of Determination pt In the Wake of Determination ... more details
The Zeisel determination or Zeisel test is a chemical test for the presence of esters or ethers in a chemical substance . ref S Zeisel. Monatshefte f r Chemie 6 1885 p406. ref ref V Prey. Chemische Berichte 74 1941 p350. ref ref Lange. J Org Chem 27 1962 p2037. ref It is named after the Czech chemist Simon Zeisel 1854 1933 . In a qualitative test a sample is first reacted with a mixture of acetic acid and hydriodic acid in a test tube . The ensuing reaction results in the cleavage of the ether or the ester into an alkyl iodide and respectively an alcohol or an carboxylic acid . File Zeisel01.png center 500px Zeisel determination By heating this mixture, the gases are allowed to come into contact with a piece of paper higher up the test tube saturated with mercury II nitrate . Any alkyl iodide present will give a reaction with the mercury compound to mercury II iodide which has a red or yellow color. The reaction can also be used used determine the number of methoxy OCH sub 3 sub groups, ref http www.probertencyclopaedia.com cgi bin res.pl?keyword Ziesel Reaction&offset 0 Ziesel Reaction ref by distilling the iodomethane into a solution of silver nitrate , which precipitates silver iodide . By filtering and weighing this precipitate it is possible to calculate the number of iodine atoms and hence methoxy groups. Synthetic applications File Zeisel02.png center 500px Zeisel determination External links http acpcommunity.acp.edu Facultystaff hass oc2web lab exp qa class zeis.pdf Experimental procedure with anisole and methylbenzoate References Reflist Category Chemical tests es Determinaci n de Zeisel nl Zeisel Prey ethersplitsing ... more details
Expert determination is a historically accepted form of dispute resolution invoked when there isn t a formulated dispute in which the parties have defined positions that need to be subjected to arbitration , but rather both parties are in agreement that there is a need for an evaluation. The practise itself is millennia old and well established where complex legal institutions either have not developed, or are unavailable, such as tribal societies and criminal organisations. In the context of modern jurisprudence the word expert appears first in Bottomley v Ambler 1878 38 LT 545, this was however used ambiguously also referring to arbitrators having the qualification of expert. The first mention that distinguishes specifically against the practise of arbitration, and introduces the formula as an expert and not as an arbitrator was in Dean v. Prince 1953 Ch. 590 at 591 misquoted and subsequently on appeal in the year 1954 1 Ch. 409 at 415. In Contract Law , the party law parties are free to include a forum selection clause appointing a special referee to resolve specialised but disputed factual issues between them. See also Conflict resolution research References Expert Determination 4th edition by John Kendall, Clive Freedman and James Farrell, published by Sweet & Maxwell, 2008 ISBN 978 1 84703 031 3 Category Dispute resolution hist stub law stub ... more details
A sequence determination is a type of examination conducted by a questioned document examination forensic document examiner . ref name ASTM444 ASTM Standard E444 09 Standard Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic Document Examiners indicates in section 4.2.1.4 that the work of a forensic document examiner includes The establishment of the date, source, history, sequence of preparation, alterations or additions to documents, and relationships of documents . Copies of ASTM Standards can be obtained directly from ASTM International . ref This type of forensic examination is done in an attempt to determine which of two events occurred first in the preparation of a document. Another term used for this type of examination is sequence of intersections since the evaluation requires intersection of physical materials on the document. Types Sequence of Strokes term for examinations involving two or more writing strokes from one or more writing instruments Sequence determinations for writing ink with other types of material Ballpoint pen ink toner sequence Ballpoint pen ink inkjet ink sequence Writing instrument paper fold sequence Writing instrument typewriting sequence Other sequence determinations Toner paper fold sequence Methods The primary means of evaluation involves direct visual examination using microscopy and various lighting options. The intersection point may involve subtle deviations from the normal manner of deposition or production that can be observed on microscopic examination e.g. extraneous ink deposits, skipping, misalignents, embossing, etc. . Lifting casting technique see below have also been tested with some success. Intersections involving indentations may also be assessed using an electrostatic detection device to visualize latent indentations. Binocular optical ... Barton, A. Ostrum, R.B. title Toner and Ballpoint Pen Line Crossing Determination Using Mikrosil ... of the original sequence. References reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Sequence Determination Category ... more details
In statistics , the coefficient of determination R sup 2 sup is used in the context of statistical models whose main purpose is the prediction of future outcomes on the basis of other related information. It is the proportion of variability in a data set that is accounted for by the statistical model. ref Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H., Principles and Procedures of Statistics, New York McGraw Hill, 1960, pp. 187, 287. ref It provides a measure of how well future outcomes are likely to be predicted by the model. There are several different definitions of R sup 2 sup which are only sometimes equivalent. One class of such cases includes that of linear regression . In this case, if an intercept is included then R sup 2 sup is simply the square of the sample Pearson product moment correlation coefficient correlation coefficient between the outcomes and their predicted values, or in the case of simple linear regression , between the outcomes and the values of the single regressor being used for prediction. In such cases, the coefficient of determination ranges from 0 to 1. Important cases where the computational definition of R sup 2 sup can yield negative values, depending on the definition ... of determination is math R 2 equiv 1 SS rm err over SS rm tot . , math Relation to unexplained ... the definition of the term coefficient of determination the square of the correlation between ... the goodness of fit of a model. In regression, the R sup 2 sup coefficient of determination is a statistical ... . The coefficient of determination R sup 2 sup is a measure of the global fit of the model. Specifically ... Nagelkerke 1991 generalizes the definition of the coefficient of determination A generalized coefficient of determination should be consistent with the classical coefficient of determination when both ... cite journal doi 10.1093 biomet 78.3.691 title A Note on a General Definition of the Coefficient of Determination ... . McGraw Hill. ISBN 0 07 023407 8. Refend DEFAULTSORT Coefficient Of Determination Category Regression ... more details
saved book title Sex subtitle cover image Drosophila XY sex determination.svg cover color Sex Main article Sex Supporting articles Sexual reproduction Plant sexuality Mating in fungi Evolution of sexual reproduction Sexdeterminationsystem Sexual dimorphism Category Wikipedia books on biology Sex Category Wikipedia books on sexSex ... more details
about the song by Lyfe Jennings Sex disambiguation Infobox Single Name S.E.X Cover Lyfe Jennings S.E.X. cover.jpg Artist Lyfe Jennings featuring LaLa Brown from Album The Phoenix Lyfe Jennings album The Phoenix Released August 1, 2006 Recorded 2006 Genre R&B , Hip hop Length Label Sony Urban Music Columbia Records Writer Lyfe Jennings Producer Lyfe Jennings Certification Gold small RIAA small Last single Hypothetically br 2006 This single S.E.X. br 2006 Next single Lets Stay Together br 2006 S.E.X. is the first single by Lyfe Jennings from his second album The Phoenix Lyfe Jennings album The Phoenix . The song is about young teens losing their virginity from pressure. The song features the late upcoming R&B singer LaLa Brown, who was later murdered, along with her boyfriend and producer, JeTannue Clayborn, in a recording studio in October 2007. ref http www.todaystmj4.com news local 10689016.html ref S.E.X debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 99 and slipped off just to re enter the following week again at number 99. It eventually peaked at number 37, making it Lyfe s and Lala s most successful single. S.E.X. was a top five hit on the Billboard Hot R&B Hip Hop Songs chart and received strong airplay on BET and some airplay on radio and MTV . References reflist Lyfe Jennings Category 2006 singles Category Lyfe Jennings songs 2000s hiphop single stub ... more details
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