the weeds from cotton near White Plains, Georgia White Plains , in Georgia, USA 1941 Sharecropping ... of the crop produced on the land e.g. 50 of the crop . Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide ... Islamic law contains a traditional musaqat sharecropping agreement ref Sources include http www.al ... of orchards . Overview Sharecropping has benefits and costs for both the owners and the croppers. It encourages ... workers, large farms no longer benefit from economies of scale . On the whole, sharecropping was not as economically ... 2011 Sharecropping occurred extensively in colonial Africa , Scotland , and Ireland and came into wide ... the kind of gang labor that typified slavery. The solution was the sharecropping system focused ... 2nd ed. 2008 ref Jeffery Paige made a distinction between centralised sharecropping found on cotton plantations and the decentralised sharecropping with other crops. The former is characterised ... to be replaced by wage labour as markets penetrate. Decentralised sharecropping involves virtually ... in Pakistan and India . Although there is a perception that sharecropping was exploitative, e vidence from around the world suggests that sharecropping is often a way for differently endowed enterprises ... like semi or quasi are not helpful in understanding the antecedents and functions of sharecropping in Africa. ref http www.ies.wisc.edu ltc live zimbabwe sym1b.pdf WISC.edu ref Sharecropping agreements .... Advantages The advantages of sharecropping in other situations include enabling access for women ... ownership rights are vested only in men. Paige pointed out that sharecropping was economically inefficient ... sharecropping provided the freed slaves of the USA, Brazil and the late Roman Empire with land ... France and Italy. Landlords opt for sharecropping to avoid the administrative costs and shirking ... lower rents than sharecroppers. ref Sharecropping and Sharecroppers, T J Byres ref Disadvantages The disadvantages of sharecropping, however, soon became apparent. A new system of credit, the crop ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Sharefarming is a system of farming in which sharefarmers make use of agricultural assets they do not own in return for some percentage of the profits. Sometimes the sharefarmer will receive a wage from the owner instead, although such a person is normally considered a tenant farmer or farm labourer. Two common implementations of the sharefarming concept are sharecropping and sharemilking , although it is applied to other sorts of agricultural assets. Sharefarming was common in colonial Africa, Scotland, and Ireland and came into wide use in the United States during the Reconstruction era of the United States Reconstruction era late 19th century . In Europe, especially France and Italy, a sharefarming system called Metayage System metayage was once commonly applied. While sharefarming can be seen as a form of oppression similar to Feudalism feudal serfdom and is in practice in many poor areas today, such as India, it is also common in highly developed countries. The latter case occurs where individual farmers prefer not to have complete responsibility for agricultural assets such as the land or livestock, and in such applications it is not considered exploitative. Citation needed date February 2007 Sharecropping Main Sharecropping Sharecropping is the most common application of the sharefarming principle. In practice, sharefarmers work land which they don t own in return for varying portions of the total profit. In many cases where it is practiced in very poor farming communities it is considered an exploitative model. Sharecropping began after the Civil War and ended between the 1930s and the 1940s because when machines came that could to farming more easily, landowners didn t need actual people working the fields. Sharemilking Main Sharemilking Sharemilking is the application of the sharefarming concept to the dairy industry. Sharemilkers tend to own their own cows but use facilities they do not own to actually milk th ... more details
For the school cole nationale sup rieure des arts appliqu s et des m tiers d art Image Olivier de Serres 1539 1619.jpg thumb 260px right Olivier de Serres Olivier de Serres 1539 &ndash 1619 was a French author and List of soil scientists soil scientist whose Th tre d Agriculture 1600 was the text book of French agriculture in the 17th century. ref Hugh Johnson, Vintage The Story of Wine pg 122. Simon and Schuster 1989 ref . Serres was born at Villeneuve de Berg , Ard che . His book was notable for its recommendation to wine growers that they plant 5 6 varieties in their vineyards to balance the risk of a crop failing, and the early advocating of crop rotation . Le th tre de l agriculture recommends M tayage Sharecropping as cash tenants took all the risks so would demand lower rent while hired labour was expensive to manage. Sharecroppers administer themselves and risks are divided with the landlord. Olivier only thought large landowners should take the risk of hiring labourers and running the estate themselves. ref The Economic Theory of Sharecropping in Early Modern France, Philip Hoffman, The Journal of Economic History 1984, page 312 ref Footnotes references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Serres, Olivier De ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1539 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1619 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Serres, Olivier De Category Soil scientists Category French agronomists Category French gardeners Category 1539 births Category 1619 deaths Category People from Ard che agri stub france writer stub France scientist stub ca Olivier de Serres es Olivier de Serres fa fr Olivier de Serres it Olivier de Serres la Olivarius de Serres pl Olivier de Serres ... more details
Sharemilking is a form of sharefarming applied to the dairy industry. The application of this model of farming is particularly common in New Zealand . Typically sharemilkers own their own cows, and will often take the herd with them when shifting between properties. The model is not exploitative, and over time, sharemilkers often slowly buy out the landholder, or alternatively use it as a method to save for their own property. ref cite web title A Review of Sharemilking 1972 1996 url http www.maf.govt.nz mafnet rural nz profitability and economics trends sharemilking review httoc.htm accessdate 2006 05 18 author Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, New Zealand ref This practice is useful for dairymen anywhere who do not wish the burdens of owning their own land, as it allows them to focus their investment in livestock and equipment. The sharemilking also provides income for former dairy farms that have given up their herds, by providing them with an income from rental of fields, pastures and barns. See also Sharecropping Sharefarming Dairy farming in New Zealand References Reflist Category Dairy farming Category Dairy farming in New Zealand ... more details
Expand German Pecherei date September 2010 Image Gemmage1.JPG thumb Tapped pine in the Pays de Buch Resin extraction consists of incising the outer layers of a pine tree in order to collect the sap or resin . Summary Resin circulates throughout a Pinophyta coniferous tree, and serves to seal damage to the tree. Harvesting pine resin dates back to Gallo Roman culture Gallo Roman times in Gascony . Tapping pines may either be done so as to sustain the life of the tree, or exhaustively in the years before the tree is cut down. Traditional tapping In Gascony, and to a lesser extent in Provence , pine tapping was practiced as a form of sharecropping , although uncertain status of the workers sometimes led to labor disputes. See also Rosin Turpentine Category Forestry occupations conifer stub Link FA de de Pecherei fr Gemmage nl Harswinning pl ywicowanie ru uk ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 Globalize date December 2010 Crop share rent in contrast to economic rent is a proportion of the crop harvest yield to be paid by the tenant farmer to the land owner as compensation for occupying and exploiting the rented land. This arrangement puts the landlord, like the tenant operator, at risk from variation in yields and prices. For the farm operator, crop share rent is a mechanism for sharing risks with the landlord. In relation to commodity programs for supporting prices and farm incomes, cash rent landlords do not have a beneficial interest in the commodity and are not eligible payments. This is a private version of Community supported agriculture but subtly different to sharecropping as practiced in Southern states of America, which was somewhat similar to serfdom or indenture , since the tenant was bound to one particular master and could not offer his services to the most generous landowner References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach DEFAULTSORT Crop Share Rent Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
Arthur F. Raper 1899 1979 was an United States American sociologist . ref name encyclopedia http www.georgiaencyclopedia.org nge Article.jsp?id h 746 Georgia Encyclopedia biography ref ref name digital http dlg.galileo.usg.edu meta html nge ngen meta nge ngen h 746.html?Welcome Digital library of Georgia ref Biography Arthur Franklin Raper grew up in Davidson County, North Carolina and attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . ref name encyclopedia He received an M.A. in Sociology from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee . ref name encyclopedia In 1925, he started a PhD at Chapel Hill, under the direction of Howard W. Odum , and completed it in 1931. ref name encyclopedia ref name museum http museum.unc.edu exhibits segregation arthur f raper 1899 1979 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill museum ref He is best known for his research on lynching, sharecropping, and rural development. In 1926, he worked for the Commission on Interracial Cooperation with Will W. Alexander in Atlanta, Georgia . ref name encyclopedia He later taught at Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia . ref name encyclopedia In 1939, he resigned after a furor over taking his students to visit Tuskegee University . ref name encyclopedia He studied and wrote about sharecropping in Macon County, Georgia Macon County and Greene County, Georgia Greene County . ref name encyclopedia ref http www.georgiaencyclopedia.org nge ArticlePrintable.jsp?id h 3590 Georgia encyclopedia sharecropping ref He exposed sharecropping as exploitative. ref name encyclopedia ref name digital His papers are in the Southern Historical Collection at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Library four of his books were reviewed by the New York Times the reviews can be found in their archives . Bibliography Preface to Peasantry University of North Carolina Press, 1936 The Tragedy of Lynching University of North Carolina Press, 1933 Sharecroppers All University of North Carolina Press, 194 ... more details
The Southern Homestead Act of 1866 is a United States federal law enacted to break a cycle of debt during the Reconstruction era of the United States Reconstruction following the American Civil War . Prior to this act, African American black s and whites alike were having trouble buying land. Sharecropping and tenant farming had become ways of life. This act attempted to solve this by selling land at low prices so that southerners could buy it. Many people, however, could still not participate because the low prices were still too high. Passed on July 21, 1866, the Southern Homestead Act opened up 46 million acres 190,000 km of public land for sale in Convert 160 acre km2 sing on plots in the Southern states of Alabama , Arkansas , Florida , Louisiana , and Mississippi . The primary beneficiaries for the first six months were freedmen who were in desperate need of land to till. Before too much land was distributed, however, the law was repealed in June 1876. ref Paul W. Gates, Federal Land Policy in the South, 1866 1888, Journal of Southern History , 6 August 1940 , 310 315. ref See also Homestead Act References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Southern Homestead Act Of 1867 Category 1866 in law Category United States federal public land legislation US fed statute stub ... more details
orphan date October 2009 Michael Wayne is a Canadian historian of the United States at the University of Toronto . He is a senior fellow at University College, University of Toronto University College . As an undergraduate, Wayne studied at the University of Toronto and Amherst College . He received his PhD from Yale University where he studied under C. Vann Woodward . Wayne writes primarily about the American South and race relations in the United States. His major works include The Reshaping of Plantation Society The Natchez District, 1860 1880 dealing, in part, with impact of Sharecropping and Death of an Overseer Reopening a Murder Investigation from the Plantation South . He also wrote a satirical novel dealing with the follies of academia and the peculiarities of Canadian and American identities titled Lincoln s Briefs, it has been published by Canadian Scholars Press. ref https www.cspi.org motion.asp?siteid 100366&lgid 1&menuid 5376&prodid 121595&cat 9869 ref Michael Wayne is the son of Johnny Wayne , who was a member of the Canadian comedy duo Wayne and Shuster . References Reflist Natchez, Mississippi Natchez Mississippi Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Wayne, Michael ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Canadian historian DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Wayne, Michael Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Category Canadian historians Category Historians of the United States Category University of Toronto faculty ... more details
of the tenants. Sharecropping Subsistence farming for a family of six in the ancient world requires ..., D 1988 Sharecropping forces the coloni to cultivate their land with more effort to attain a minimum ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2012 primarysources November 2011 Joseph D. Reid is a professor of economics with specializations in economic history and developmental economics . He has taught at multiple universities, including the University of Chicago and George Mason University. ref George Mason University. 15OCT2011 http economics.gmu.edu people jreid ref Reid has published considerable work in the field American economic history , with emphasis on History of agriculture in the United States agricultural and early American history . Two such examples are Sharecropping and Agricultural Uncertainty ref Sharecropping and Agricultural Uncertainty. Economic Development and Cultural Change. Vol. 24, No. 3 Apr., 1976 , pp. 549 576 ref and Economic Burden Spark to the American Revolution? Economic Burden Spark to the American Revolution? Economic Burden Spark to the American Revolution? examines the generally accepted claim that financial burdens on the American colonists in the prerevolutionary era were one of the causal factors that drove the colonists to the overthrow Thirteen Colonies British rule . Reid analyzes this claim by estimating the wealth and income of the colonists and comparing those figures to the tax rate and burdensome trade regulations, such as the Acts of Trade and Navigation . This legislature, among other things, made it necessary that all foreign trade with the colonies go through England. Reid comes to the conclusion that the net burden on imports were not likely to have been more than two to three percent. ref Joseph D. Reid, Jr. Economic Burden Spark to the American Revolution? The Journal of Economic History Vol. 38, No. 1, The Tasks of Economic History Mar., 1978 , pp. 81 100 ref Compared with other nations, colonists experienced less of a tax burden than anyone and had a higher standard of living. However, most of the economic burden experienced by the colonies came in the form of lost trade. Additionally, the being under British rule gav ... more details
Ch teau La Gaffeli re , previously Ch teau Gaffeli re Naudes , is a Bordeaux wine from the Saint milion Appellation d origine contr l e appellation , ranked among the Premiers grands crus class s B in the Classification of Saint milion wine . The winery is located west of Ch teau Pavie , just south of the town of Saint milion, within the commune of the same name. The ch teau also produces a second wine named Clos La Gaffeli re. History Founded on the ruins of a Gallo Roman villa named Le Palat , and later a 17th century leper colony , the estate was sharecropping land that came to the ownership of the Comte de Malet Roquefort. The word gaffet translates to leprosy leper . ref name wd lg Cite web last Kissack first Chris, thewinedoctor.com title Chateau La Gaffeliere url http www.thewinedoctor.com bordeaux gaffeliere.shtml ref Near the end of the 19th century, the original extensive estate was divided into what became Ch teau Canon la Gaffeli re , and the area then called Puygenestous Naudes, renamed Ch teau Gaffeli re Naudes. The name was simplified after 1963. ref name ALE cite book last Lichine first Alexis title Alexis Lichine s Encyclopedia of Wines and Spirits publisher Cassell & Company Ltd. year 1967 location London pages 266 ref After three centuries, it still belongs to the Malet Roquefort family. ref name wd lg Production From 25 hectares the vineyard area extends 22 hectares, with a grape variety of 66 Merlot , and the remainder split between Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon . ref name wd lg Chateau La Gaffeli re annually produces on average 10,000 cases of the Grand vin . References Reflist currently down External links http www.chateau la gaffeliere.com Ch teau La Gaffeli re official site fr icon DEFAULTSORT Gaffeliere, Chateau La Category Bordeaux wine producers de Ch teau La Gaffeli re fr Ch teau La Gaffeli re ... more details
intromissing date April 2009 orphan date April 2009 Rosie Lee Tompkins 1936 2006 is the Pseudonym assumed name of a widely acclaimed Richmond, California quiltmaker. She was born Effie Mae Howard to a sharecropper sharecropping family in Arkansas . ref name obituary cite news url http www.washingtonpost.com wp dyn content article 2006 12 11 AR2006121100083.html accessdate 2009 08 14 title Rosie Lee Tompkins, 70 Quilter Dazzled, Mystified the Art World source Washington Post date 2006 12 11 work The Washington Post first Jocelyn Y. last Stewart ref Ms. Tompkins said she believed God directed her hand and her art. One of her more well known works, Three Sixes, involves three relatives whose birthdays include the number 6. ref name obituary . Tompkins quilts have been shown at the National Museum for Women in the Arts in Washington, DC and one image is available on their web site. Tompkins textile art works ... demolish the category ref Roberta Smith, Art Guide, The New York Times , Nov. 29, 2002 ref These quilts are works of such distinction and devotion that they supersede established art historical categories, forcing reviewers to retreat to that dumbfunded admiration that attracted us to art in the first place ref Alison Bing, Rosie Lee Tompkins at Anthony Meier Fine art Fine Arts . Artweek , November 2003, p.16 17 ref References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Tompkins, Rosie Lee ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1936 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 2006 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Tompkins, Rosie Lee Category Quilters Category 1936 births Category 2006 deaths textile arts stub US artist stub ... more details
Jimmy Duck Holmes is a blues musician and proprietor of the Blue Front Cafe on the Mississippi Blues Trail . Early life He was born in 1947 to Carey and Mary Holmes, who were Sharecropping sharecroppers . ref name mississippi folk http www.arts.state.ms.us folklife artist.php?dirname holmes jimmy Jimmy Duck Holmes , Mississippi Folklife & Folk Artist Directory ref His parents opened the Blue Front Cafe the year after he was born. ref name mississippi folk They had ten children, but also raised four grandchildren when one of their daughters died. ref name mississippi folk Musical influences Jimmy Holmes was influenced by Jack Owens blues singer Jack Owens , who is part of the Bentonia School of blues musicians. ref name mississippi folk He is one of the oldest active purveyors of the country blues tradition. He was recorded by several people, including Alan Lomax during the 1970s, but didn t release his first album until 2006 on the Broke and Hungry label. ref name mississippi folk Albums Back to Bentonia , 2006 ref name mississippi folk Done Got Tired of Tryin , 2007 ref name mississippi folk Ain t It Lonesome , 2010 References Reflist External links Worldcat id lccn no2007 9679 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Holmes, Jimmy Duck ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1947 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Holmes, Jimmy Duck Category Delta blues musicians Category Country blues musicians Category African American musicians Category American blues singers Category American male singers Category American blues guitarists Category People from Bentonia, Mississippi Category 1947 births Category Living people US singer stub US guitarist stub ... more details
. Citation needed date March 2009 According to Cheung, sharecropping is not necessarily exploitative ... costs Cheung, 1968 . ref cite journal title Private property rights and sharecropping journal ... 107 122 doi 10.1086 259477 jstor 1830153 ref In the presence of transaction costs, sharecropping can ... relative to rent contracts Cheung, 1969 . This implication is revolutionary sharecropping was perceived ... that sharecropping does not matter to the incentives of the workers, Stiglitz credited Cheung ... Arrangements Selected Journal Articles 1968 Private property rights and sharecropping , Journal of Political ... more details
France were sharecropped. North of the Loire it was only common in Lorraine. ref Sharecropping and Sharecroppers ... . ref Land Tenure and Political Tendency in Rural France The Case of Sharecropping, S Sokoloff ... Theory of Sharecropping in Early Modern France, Philip Hoffman, The Journal of Economic History 1984 .... ref References and notes references 1911 See also Sharecropping Sharefarming Tenant farmer Category ... more details
possibilities, in contrast to the principal agency version of sharecropping and agricultural contracts Stiglitz , 1974, ref cite journal title Incentives and Risk Sharing in Sharecropping journal The Review ... priwdp 12.html accessdate 2009 06 14 ref 1988 ref cite journal title Sharecropping journal Princeton ... more details
sharecropping Hyperlocavore.com is a free, U.S. based international service that matches garden owners .... ref name sharecropping SharingBackyards.com, run by a sustainability NPO in Victoria, British ... more details
of sharecropping and tenant farming became exceedingly rare, and vast amounts of tenant farmers ... pages 144 153 ref By the last half of the century sharecropping and tenant farming had become obsolete ... more details
The crop lien system is a credit system that became widely used by farmers in the United States in the South US South from the 1860s to the 1920s After the American Civil War , farmers in the South had little cash. The crop lien system was a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests. Local merchants provided food and supplies all year long on credit when the cotton crop was harvested farmers turned it over to the merchant to pay back their loan. Sometimes there was cash left over when cotton prices were low, the crop did not cover the debt and the farmer started the next year in the red. The credit system was used by land owners, sharecroppers and tenant farmers . ref Thomas D. Clark, The Furnishing and Supply System in Southern Agriculture since 1865, Journal of Southern History , Vol. 12, No. 1 Feb., 1946 , pp. 24 44 http www.jstor.org stable 2197729 in JSTOR ref The merchants had to borrow the money to buy supplies, and in turn charged the farmer interest as well as a higher price for merchandise bought on such credit. The merchant insisted that more cotton or some other cash crop be grown nothing else paid well and thus came to dictate the crops that a farmer grew. When farmers suddenly left the area, the bills went unpaid and the merchant had to absorb the loss, as well as the risk that cotton prices would fall so the raw cotton he was given at harvest time was worth less than the amount he loaned during the year. In the early 20th century, because of automobiles, higher cotton prices and growing consumerism, city department stores gradually played a more important role than isolated country stores in Southern economic life. Women shopped in increasing numbers, paying with cash or in monthly installments. With the increasing importance of advertising, Southern economic life became more modernized. See Also Sharecropping , a related system of agriculture that also developed in the post war So ... more details
refimprove date December 2011 Otheruses File New World Domesticated plants.JPG thumb right 280px Domesticated plants File Drying Crop in rural Punjabi home.JPG thumb right 280px Crops drying in a home in Punjab, India . A crop is a non animal species or variety botany variety that is grown to be harvest ed as food , livestock fodder , biofuel fuel or for any other economic purpose. Major world crops include sugarcane , pumpkin , maize corn , wheat , rice , cassava , soybean s, hay , potato es and cotton . ref name FAOstats cite web title Maize, rice and wheat area harvested, production quantity, yield url http faostat.fao.org site 567 DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID 567 author Food and Agriculture Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , Statistics Division year 2009 ref While the term crop most commonly refers to plant s, it can also include species from other kingdom biology biological kingdoms . For example, mushroom s like shiitake , which are in the fungi kingdom, can be referred to as crops. In addition, certain species of algae are also cultivated, although it is also harvested from the wild. In contrast, animal species that are raised by human s are called livestock, except those that are kept as pet s. Microbial species, such as bacteria or virus es, are referred to as microbiological culture cultures . Microbes are not typically grown for food, but are rather used to alter food. For example, bacteria are used to fermentation food ferment milk to produce yogurt . See also Div col 2 Agriculture Break crop Bumper crop Cash crop Catch crop Cover crop Crop destruction Crop diversity Crop residue Crop rotation Crop weed Crop wild relative Crop lien system Energy crop Farming Fiber crop Industrial crop Intercropping Multiple cropping Nurse crop Permanent crop Protein crop Sharecropping Underutilized crop Div col end References reflist cite web url http books.google.com books?id 1VPUNIlrFYgC&printsec frontcover&dq crops&hl en&ei 2LXcTsSzLa ... more details
Image Cotton Pickers , oil painting on panel by William Aiken Walker.jpg thumb right 300px Cotton Pickers , oil painting on panel by William Aiken Walker File Bombardment of Fort Sumter Charleston Harbor 1863.jpeg thumb right 300px Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, 1863 , oil painting on canvas, 1886, Gibbes Museum of Art William Aiken Walker March 11, 1839 January 3, 1921 is an American artist who was born to an Irish people Irish Protestant father and a mother of South Carolina background in Charleston, South Carolina in 1839. In 1842, when his father died, Walker s mother moved the family to Baltimore, Maryland , where they remained until returning to Charleston in 1848. In 1861, during the American Civil War , Walker enlisted in the Confederate States Army Confederate army and served under Wade Hampton III General Wade Hampton in the Hampton s Legion . He was wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines 1862 . After recuperating, he was transferred back to Charleston, where he was assigned picket duty, which gave him time to paint. For the next two years, he made maps and drawings of Charleston s defenses. He was separated from the military at the end of 1864. After the Civil War, Walker moved to Baltimore, where he produced small paintings of the Old South to sell as tourist souvenirs. He is best known for his paintings depicting the lives of poor black emancipated slaves, especially Sharecropping sharecroppers in the Redemption United States history post Reconstruction American South. Two of his paintings were reproduced by Currier and Ives as Chromolithography chromolithographs . Walker continued painting until his death on January 3, 1921 in Charleston, where he is buried in the family plot at Magnolia Cemetery. References Commons category William Aiken Walker Seibels, Cynthia, The Sunny South, The Life and Art of William Aiken Walker , Spartanburg, South Carolina, Saraland Press, 1995. Trovaioli, August P. and Roulhac B. Toledano, Willi ... more details
Infobox Settlement name Fulton, Tennessee settlement type Unincorporated community ref name gnis gnis 1285023 ref image skyline imagesize image caption image seal image map TNMap doton Fulton.png map caption Location of Fulton in Tennessee subdivision type Countries of the world Country subdivision type1 Political divisions of the United States State subdivision type2 List of counties in Tennessee Counties subdivision name United States subdivision name1 Tennessee subdivision name2 Lauderdale County, Tennessee Lauderdale area magnitude area total km2 area total sq mi area land km2 area land sq mi area water km2 area water sq mi elevation ft elevation m population as of population footnotes population total population metro population density km2 population density sq mi timezone North American Central Time Zone CST utc offset 6 timezone DST North American Central Time Zone CDT utc offset DST 5 postal code type ZIP code postal code 38063 Ripley, Tennessee ref name DownZIP http www.downloadzipcode.com DownloadZIPcode ref latd latm lats latNS longd longm longs longEW footnotes Fulton is a rural Unincorporated area unincorporated community in Lauderdale County, Tennessee Lauderdale County , Tennessee . Founded in 1827, Fulton is the oldest settlement in Lauderdale County. ref name TNGenWeb Cite web url http www.tngenweb.org lauderdale gshistory2.htm title Continuation of Goodspeed s History, Lauderdale County, TN accessdate 17 December 2008 work publisher TNGenWeb.org date ref History Fulton was founded in 1827 on convert 760 acre ha of land owned by James Trimble. In the following two years, the population rose to 600. Around 1830, after a deadly fever struck the community and killed 200, the remainder of the population moved away no inhabitants remained by 1832. It was re surveyed and re founded in 1835. ref name TNGenWeb Economy After the abolition of slavery , sharecropping was the primary means of income for low income families in the area. Mostly for the cultivati ... more details
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