The term infrared signature is used by Military science defense scientists and the military to describe the appearance of objects to infrared sensors . An infrared signature depends on many factors, including ..., Gaitonde, U.N., & Marathe A.G. 2001 Numerical studies of infrared signature levels of complete aircraft ... of the detecting sensor. As such there is no all encompassing definition of infrared signature nor any trivial means of measuring it. For example the infrared signature of a truck viewed against a field ..., H.R., & Rao, G.A. 2007 Infrared signature studies of aerospace vehicles , Progress in Aerospace ..., S.P., Rao, G.A., Sane, S.K., & Marathe, A.G. 2005 Aircraft plume infrared signature in nonafterburning ..., S.K. 2008 Infrared signature suppression of helicopter engine duct based on conceal and camouflage ... signature of threats and develop the equipment required to detect them and to reduce the infrared signature of their own assets to threat sensors. In practice this might mean equipping a warship ... signature below the detection threshold of the infrared homing infrared sensor guiding the missile. Two fairly successful examples of defining the infrared signature of an object are the apparent ... temperature difference The apparent temperature difference method of defining infrared signature gives ..., etc. Contrast radiant intensity The contrast radiant intensity method of defining infrared signature ... desirable to employ a computer to predict what the infrared signature will be before fabricating .... A number of software houses have built infrared signature prediction software packages. These generally ... signature, though usually surface temperatures can be given since this usually has to be calculated to obtain the infrared signature prediction and also visual representations of how the scene may appear to various imaging infrared detectors. Infrared signature prediction models are very difficult .... An example of a commercial infrared signature prediction tool is the Ship EDF software offered ... more details
File Lemon inspired signature cocktail.jpg thumb A lemon inspired cocktail. A Signature Drink is any unique or original drink that expresses the nature of the person or establishment creating it. Signature Drinks often incorporate local ingredients and culture. They can be fashioned or designed to represent a theme or color. Many cultures, states, cities, restaurants, bars, etc. have Signature Drinks ... boasting the unique beverage. History Signature Drinks have a long and colorful history and were being invented well before the 21st century. Signature cocktails are most often designed after the spirit ... including vodka, gin, tequila, bourbon, and liqueurs of all kinds. An example of a Signature Drink ... www.themojitocompany.com pages.php?pageid 4 The Mojito Company ref An example of a Signature Drink ..., Giovanni Encyclopedia Britannica, 1958, vol. 2, pp. 76 78 ref Trends Signature Drinks have become ... to create a distinction from others or their competitors, the signature drink has taken hold as a new ... created a signature drink. In the special events industry, the signature drinks phenomenon has taken ... area. At wedding receptions and events of all kinds, it is possible to serve a signature drink in lieu ... are choosing a Signature Drink designed especially for them. The drink reflects their personal tastes ... companies, such as Wedding Ideas Now, assist couples with the formulation of signature drinks. ref ... Design ref ref Wedding Ideas Now, http weddingideasnow.com products signatureDrinks.php Signature Drinks ... with all sorts of versions different flavors of their original spirit. With signature drinks it is customary ... arena. ref http pinterest.com teamvida signature drinks Team Vida ref Edible flowers, floral ... note and add beauty to the presentation. ref Shelley Waugh. Signature Wedding Drinks . http www.weddingshoneymoons.com signature wedding drinks ref Competitions The purpose of the United States Bartenders ... are challenged to make twelve coffee beverages, four of which are signature drinks ... more details
XML Signature also called XMLDsig , XML DSig , XML Sig defines an XML syntax for digital signatures and is defined in the W3C recommendation http www.w3.org TR xmldsig core XML Signature Syntax and Processing ... a Uniform Resource Locator URL can be signed. An XML signature used to sign a resource outside its containing XML document is called a detached signature if it is used to sign some part of its containing document, it is called an enveloped signature if it contains the signed data within itself it is called an enveloping signature. Structure An XML Signature consists of a tt Signature tt element ... source lang xml Signature SignedInfo CanonicalizationMethod SignatureMethod Reference Transforms DigestMethod DigestValue Reference Reference etc. SignedInfo SignatureValue KeyInfo Object Signature ... that selects a defined subset of the document tree. ref http www.w3.org TR xmldsig filter2 XML Signature ... s . The tt SignatureValue tt element contains the Base64 encoded signature result the signature ... element optionally allows the signer to provide recipients with the key that validates the signature ... data if this is an enveloping signature . Validation and Security Considerations When validating an XML Signature, a procedure called Core Validation is followed. Reference Validation Each tt Reference ... if they do not match, validation fails. Signature Validation The tt SignedInfo tt element is serialized ... using tt KeyInfo tt or by other means, and the signature is verified using the method specified ... more complex than the creation of an ordinary digital signature because a given XML Document ... signature is created by using an asymmetric key algorithm typically RSA algorithm RSA to encrypt the results ... , a single byte difference would cause the digital signature to vary. Moreover, if an XML document ... important when an XML Signature refers to a remote document, which may be rendered in time ... Infoset , allowing to work on subsets of the data, having various ways to bind the signature ... more details
City store, Westland, Michigan American Signature , Inc. is a privately owned furniture company based ... Signature Furniture, and the manufacturer brand American Signature. History In the early 1900s, E.L. ... to pass this tradition to his son, Jay. Jay Schottenstein and American Signature, Inc. In 1976, Jay ... as possible. In 1995, the proprietary furniture brand American Signature was formed. This exclusive ... Signature Design Center in High Point, North Carolina where expert artisans created exclusive designs for the American Signature brand. With the addition of the proprietary American Signature brand ... from the department stores. In 2002, American Signature, Inc. was formed, and eventually the company completely separated from Schottenstein Stores Corporation. American Signature, Inc. became the parent company of the retail brand Value City Furniture and the manufacturer brand, American Signature. But the biggest change came in 2003, when the company announced the launch of the American Signature ... of a few, the majority of American Signature Furniture stores are located in the Southern United ... its sister store Value City Furniture, American Signature Furniture continues to offer fine home furnishings at a great value. In 2004, Jay Schottenstein s son, Jonathan, joined American Signature, Inc ... almost 100 years ago. Today American Signature, Inc. continues to own and operate Value City Furniture, American Signature Furniture and American Signature. The retail stores are supported by a total ... United States. External links http www.asfurniture.com American Signature Furniture http ... more details
signature , or e signature, is any electronic means that indicates either that a person adopts ..., a signature is a stylized script associated with a person. In commerce and the law, a signature ... are comparable to a Seal device seal . Increasingly, encrypted digital signature s are used in e ... signature. ref http www.itc.virginia.edu virginia.edu fall00 digsigs home.html The University ... for high priority or time sensitive delivery of documents. Although the original signature on the original document was on paper, the image of the signature and its transmission was electronic. ref name ib http www.isaacbowman.com the history of electronic signature laws The History of eSign ref ... of electronic signature laws around the world, including in the US. ref cite web url ... an electronic signature for the purpose of US law as an electronic sound, symbol, or process, attached ... be an electronic transmission of the document which contains the signature, as in the case of facsimile ... States, the definition of what qualifies as an electronic signature is wide and is set out in the Uniform ... by first defining a generic electronic signature as a signature that consists of one or more letters ... document , then defining a secure electronic signature as an electronic signature ... SOR 2005 30 PIPEDA s secure electronic signature regulations refine the definition as being a digital signature applied and verified in a specific manner. In the European Union , the EU Directive on Electronic .... For instance, PIPEDA definitions 1 An electronic signature is a signature that consists of one or more ... with an electronic document 2 A secure electronic signature is as an electronic signature that a is unique to the person making the signature b the technology or process used to make the signature is under the sole control of the person making the signature c the technology or process can be used to identify the person using the technology or process and d the electronic signature can be linked ... more details
In computer science , a type signature or type annotation defines the inputs and outputs for a function computer science function , subroutine or method computer science method . A type signature includes ... C C In C programming language C and C the type signature is declared by the most commonly known ... c, d source has the signature source lang C int fPtr char c, double d source Erlang In Erlang programming ... boolean . source Haskell A type signature in the Haskell programming language Haskell programming language ... takes in a function with type signature Haskell a a , and returns data of type Haskell ... int, int is represented as Java Ljava lang String substring II Ljava lang String . Signature The signature ... , or prototype definitions Citation needed date June 2010 . The notion of a function signature is an important ... signature. Roughly equivalent to its prototype definition in the C programming language C ... signature in an area of CS not concerned with programming then be sure to check your terminology ... the term signature The study of databases might also involve the use of the term signature , however ... programming language ML family of programming language s, signature is a keyword referring to a construct ... Signature In computer programming , especially object oriented programming , a Method computer science method is commonly identified by its unique method signature , which usually includes the method ... Paul Leahy location http www.about.com publisher About.com Guide title Method Signature quote A method signature is part of the method declaration. It is the combination of the method name and the parameter list. url http java.about.com od m g methodsignature.htm ref A method signature is the smallest datatype type of a method. Examples C C In C programming language C C , the method signature is the method ... stdarg.h . C Similar to the C syntax, C Sharp programming language C sees as the method signature ... language Java programming language , a method signature is the method name and the number and type ... more details
In mathematics, the signature defect of a singularity measures the correction that a singularity contributes to the signature theorem. harvtxt Hirzebruch 1973 introduced the signature defect for the cusp singularities of Hilbert modular surface s. harvs txt last1 Atiyah first1 Michael Francis author1 link Michael Atiyah last2 Donnelly first2 H. last3 Singer first3 I. M. title Eta invariants, signature defects of cusps, and values of L functions url http dx.doi.org 10.2307 2006957 doi 10.2307 2006957 id MR 707164 year 1983 journal Annals of Mathematics Annals of Mathematics. Second Series issn 0003 486X volume 118 issue 1 pages 131 177 defined the signature defect of the boundary of a manifold as the eta invariant , the value as s 0 of their eta function, and used this to show that Hirzebruch s signature defect of a cusp of a Hilbert modular surface can be expressed in terms of the value at s 0 or 1 of a Shimizu L function . References Citation last1 Atiyah first1 Michael Francis author1 link Michael Atiyah last2 Donnelly first2 H. last3 Singer first3 I. M. title Eta invariants, signature defects of cusps, and values of L functions url http dx.doi.org 10.2307 2006957 doi 10.2307 2006957 id MR 707164 year 1983 journal Annals of Mathematics Annals of Mathematics. Second Series issn 0003 486X volume 118 issue 1 pages 131 177 Citation last1 Hirzebruch first1 Friedrich E. P. title Hilbert modular surfaces doi 10.5169 seals 46292 id MR 0393045 year 1973 journal L Enseignement Math matique. Revue Internationale. IIe S rie issn 0013 8584 volume 19 pages 183 281 Category singularity theory ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In the mathematics mathematical field of topology , the signature is an integer Invariant mathematics invariant which is defined for an oriented manifold M of dimension d 4 k divisible by four doubly even dimensional . This invariant of a manifold has been studied in detail, starting with Rokhlin s theorem for 4 manifolds. Definition Given a connected space connected and orientable manifold M of dimension 4 k , the cup product gives rise to a quadratic form Q on the middle real cohomology group H sup 2 k sup M , Z . The basic identity for the cup product math alpha p smile beta q 1 pq beta q smile alpha p math shows that with p q 2 k the product is symmetric . It takes values in H sup 4 k sup M , Z . If we assume also that M is compact manifold compact , Poincar duality identifies this with H sub 0 sub M , Z , which can be identified with Z . Therefore cup product, under these hypotheses, does give rise to a symmetric bilinear form on H sup 2 k sup M , Z ... non degenerately with itself. More generally, the signature can be defined in this way for any general compact polyhedron with 4n dimensional Poincar duality. The signature of M is by definition the signature quadratic form signature of Q . If M is not connected, its signature is defined to be the sum ... not divisible by 4, its signature is usually defined to be 0. There are alternative generalization in L theory the signature can be interpreted as the 4 k dimensional simply connected symmetric ... gives rise to an antisymmetric bilinear form . Such forms do not have a signature invariant if they are non ... is called the Kervaire invariant . Properties Ren Thom 1954 showed that the signature of a manifold ... to a manifold if and only if its signature satisfies the expression of the Hirzebruch signature theorem . See also Hirzebruch signature theorem Genus of a multiplicative sequence DEFAULTSORT Signature Topology Category Geometric topology Category Quadratic forms ... more details
A mobile signature is a digital signature generated either on a mobile phone or on a SIM card . Origins of the term mSign The term first appeared in articles introducing mSign short for Mobile Electronic Signature Consortium . It was founded in 1999 and comprised 35 member companies. In October 2000, the consortium published an XML interface defining a protocol allowing service providers to obtain a mobile digital signature from a mobile phone subscriber. In 2001, mSign gained industry wide coverage when it came apparent that Brokat one of the founding companies also obtained a process patent in Germany for using the mobile phone to generate digital signatures. MoSign project and standardization attempt The MoSign project short for mobile signature initiated by the companies Deutsche Bank , Ericsson , Materna , Microsoft , Sema Group , Siemens and TC TrustCenter was meant to demonstrate the deployment of electronic signatures using a mobile signing device . The mobile signing device comprised ... the IC 35 s WAP browser to view WAP pages from a remote server. To generate a mobile signature ... and mobile signature roaming for systems implementing mobile signature services. Mobile signatures .... Those mobile signature services on sim cards can be supported by almost all GSM phones ... a similar mobile signature application. The mobile signature is the legal equivalent of your own wet signature. The mobile signature is created by typing a secret code i.e. your signing PIN into the signing ... signature. Each of your mobile digital signatures can be linked to a digital certificate an electronic record that vouches for your real world identity. Thus, the mobile signature is a unique ... the authentication on the Internet with a parallel closed network like mobile GSM and a digital signature ... operator, makes it an improbable attack target. Mobile Signature with On Board Key Generation Turkcell is the first provider of a mobile signature service with On Board Key Generation functionality ... more details
In art, signature artwork refers to works by popular and well established artists that are easily recognized as theirs because of unique characteristics in style, medium, or subject matter. ref http www.asu.edu cfa wwwcourses art SOACore signatureIIA.htm ref ref Museum of Modern Art, Collection, A Signature Style One Number 31, 1950 is an immense network of overlapping lines, drips, and splatters of paint on canvas. To create this and his other drip paintings, Pollock began by tacking unstretched, unprimed canvas to the floor... http www.moma.org collection object.php?object id 78386 ref A parallel to the recognition of a person s signature on a work is drawn indicating that the work itself may ... of works that demonstrate the characteristics identified as a signature artwork is necessary ... 11 to June 6, 1999 http www.thecityreview.com pollock.html While it is de rigueur to concentrate on the signature ...... ref Signature artwork also refers to distinctive works that may be easily recognized without having ..., whose signature mustache and eccentric art buzzed the art world, has 100 prints on display in the Georgia ... While it is de rigueur to concentrate on the signature works that define an artist s style, it is very ... pollock physicist.html Known as Jack the Dripper, Jackson Pollock created his signature paintings ... of pure creativity... ref serve as signature artworks of those artists. Consistency is highly ..., Calder used many colors on his Tribute To Mexico. In addition to his signature colors of red, blue ...?id 0001&artnls en&requrl display 0001 en Although his signature work is often quite large sometimes ... are referred to as signature artworks for them. Schools of art bear similar characteristics that enable easy recognition, such as the Impressionists and they may be described as signature artworks of the school. Similar uses of Signature disambiguation signature exist in many fields of the arts and sciences ... by Duke University DEFAULTSORT Signature artwork Category Art criticism Category Art history Category ... more details
see also Mormon studies Signature Books is a publisher press specializing in subjects related to Utah ... day Saints and in 1980 he and a few investors created Signature Books and in 1981 published its first book, Saintspeak by Orson Scott Card . Several of Signature Books publications have won awards from ... those present at Signature Books inception were George D. Smith and Scott Kenney, assisted by a board ... , Orson Scott Card , and Jay Parry. Present Signature Books produces from eight to ten books a year ... Smith , Rudger Clawson , B. H. Roberts and Reed Smoot . Signature has also published noted studies ... note 123 ref Signature Books is sometimes at odds with the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon ... historical scholarship. Author Simon Southerton referred to Signature Books as a perennial thorn in the side of FARMS. ref Harvnb Southerton 2004 pp 148 149 ref One example was Signature Book s publication ... resulted in five negative book reviews by FARMS. ref Harvnb Cobabe 2003 ref Ron Priddis of Signature ... Institute publisher Signature Books url http www.signaturebooks.com excerpts insider s4.htm accessdate ... claims that Signature Books threatened a lawsuit over several reviews of its books that appeared ... the lawsuit threat was a book review published by Stephen E. Robinson , on Signature published The Word ... he s got a printing press. In its continuing assault upon traditional Mormonism, Signature Books ......in dealing with Latter day Saint belief. ref Harvnb Robinson 1991 ref Signature Books asserts that several ... to the LDS tradition. citation needed date August 2011 Signature management made an inquiry ... libelous. Signature then requested a retraction. In 2004, Signature Books posted on its web site a speech .... ref Harvnb Midgley 2004 Although Hatch s essay was present on the Signature Books website on 24 April ... last Midgley first Louis authorlink Louis C. Midgley title The Signature Books Saga journal FARMS Review ... Signature Books year 2004 place Salt Lake City isbn 1 56085 181 3 . External links http www.signaturebooks.com ... more details
Use mdy dates date November 2011 Infobox school name Signature School native name image Victory Theater ... SIG mascot Penguin website http www.signature.edu Signature School Signature School is a top ranked ... States . History Signature School began in 1992 as a half day program with 213 students. It offered ... courses. By 2001, Signature School had 278 part time students. After the passage of the Indiana Charter ... courses into its curriculum, and become a charter school. In December of 2001, Signature School submitted ... high school. The first graduation ceremony for Signature School students was held in May 2003 in the Victory ... Signature School offers students three major study paths math and science, fine arts fine and performing arts , or liberal arts humanities . Signature School has been accepted into the International Baccalaureate Programme . ref cite web title Signature School publisher International Baccalaureate ..., German and Spanish. Signature School has a focus on academics and the arts. Within its first five years of existence, Signature School has been well known for the many contributions it plays in summer musicals in the region, as well as shows by the Signature Singers, which are led by teacher Terry ... competitions. Signature School prides itself on offering challenging courses for the self motivated ... is updated regularly. Campus The Signature School is located in several buildings in Downtown Evansville ... to the historic Victory Theater . The building now known as Signature School was originally a hotel ... of the classrooms are renovated hotel rooms and remain small in size. Unlike other high schools, Signature ... the school in a room called the Commons in the 2nd floor of the Signature School Science Center. Students .... Rankings The Signature School attracts top tier students and is consistently ranked as one of the top ... schools 2011 signature evansville in publisher Washington Post accessdate 28 March 2012 ref Out of about 22,000 high schools nationwide, US News and World Report ranked Signature School the 53rd ... more details
In logic , especially mathematical logic , a signature lists and describes the non logical symbol s of a formal language . In universal algebra , a signature lists the operations that characterize an algebraic structure . In model theory , signatures are used for both purposes. Signatures play the same role in mathematics as type signature s in computer programming . They are rarely made explicit in more philosophical treatments of logic. Definition Formally, a single sorted signature can be defined as a triple S sub func sub , S sub rel sub , ar , where S sub func sub and S sub rel sub are disjoint ... arity is n . A nullary 0 ary function symbol is called a constant symbol . A signature with no function symbols is called a relational signature , and a signature with no relation symbols is called an algebraic signature . A finite signature is a signature such that S sub func sub and S sub rel sub are finite. More generally, the cardinality of a signature S sub func sub , S sub rel sub is defined ... type is often used as a synonym for signature . In model theory, a signature is often ... for everyday use, the definition of a specific signature is often abbreviated in an informal way, as in The standard signature for abelian group s is , ,0 , where is a unary operator. Sometimes an algebraic signature is regarded as just a list of arities, as in The similarity type for abelian groups is 2,1,0 . Formally this would define the function symbols of the signature as something ... in a signature are also known as the non logical symbols , because together with the logical ... The set of terms over the signature and the set of well formed formulas over the signature. In a structure ... n sub denotes the empty word. Signature A many sorted signature is a triple S , P , type consisting ... PlanetMath Entry http planetmath.org encyclopedia Signature.html Signature describes the concept ... Modelltheorie fr Signature alg bre pt Assinatura l gica ru ... more details
Motor racing team founded 1990 country FRA principal flagicon FRA Philippe Sinault current series FIA World Endurance Championship FIA WEC former series Formula 3 Euro Series br Le Mans Series br French Formula Three Championship French Formula Three driver titles 2010 Formula 3 Euro Series season 2010 Formula 3 Euro Series small Edoardo Mortara Mortara small team titles 2010 Formula 3 Euro Series season 2010 Formula 3 Euro Series Signature is a France French auto racing team that competes in the Formula 3 Euro Series and the Le Mans Series . The team won the FIA European Formula Three Cup in 1999 with Beno t Tr luyer . They then won the French Formula Three Championship in 2000 with Jonathan Cochet as driver, who also won the European Cup and Masters of Formula 3 that year, and won the Korea Super Prix for the team in 2001. In 2002 Renaud Derlot won the European F3 Cup for the team. In 2003 Signature won the teams championship in the first Formula Renault V6 Eurocup , with Tristan Gommendy and Kosuke Matsuura as drivers. They moved from the defunct French F3 series to its replacement, the Formula 3 Euro Series , and Nicolas Lapierre and Fabio Carbone completed a 1 2 finish for the team at the prestigious Macau Grand Prix . Edoardo Mortara and Jean Karl Vernay repeated this feat in 2009. The team began competing in the Le Mans Series in 2009 in the LMP1 category. The 2010 season was an outstanding one for Signature in the F3 Euroseries with Edoardo Mortara and Marco Wittmann finishing first and second in the series, winning eight races between them, and also taking out the teams championship. External links http www.signature team.com Official website Category French auto racing teams Category Formula 3 Euro Series teams autoracing stub es Signature Team fr Signature Team nl Signature Team fi Singature Team ... more details
In cryptography , a Schnorr signature is a digital signature produced by the Schnorr signature algorithm. Its security is based on the intractability of certain discrete logarithm problems. It is considered the simplest digital signature scheme to be provably secure in a random oracle model Citation needed date July 2011 . It is efficient and generates short signatures. It is covered by US patent 4995082 , which expired in February 2008. Algorithm Choosing parameters All users of the signature scheme agree on a group mathematics group math G math with generator math g math of prime order math q math in which the discrete log problem is hard. Typically a Schnorr group is used. All users agree on a cryptographic hash function math H 0,1 rightarrow mathbb Z q math . Notation In the following, Exponentiation stands for repeated application of the group operation Juxtaposition stands for multiplication on the set of congruence classes or application of the group operation as applicable Subtraction stands for subtraction on set of equivalence groups math M in 0,1 math , the set of finite bit strings math x, k in mathbb Z q math , the Integers mod n set of congruence classes modulo math q math excluding math overline 0 q math math s, e, e v in mathbb Z q math , the set of congruence classes ... xe math . The signature is the pair math s,e math . Note that math s, e in mathbb Z q math if math q 2 160 math , then the signature representation can fit into 40 bytes. Verifying Let math r v g s y e math Let math e v H M r v math If math e v e math then the signature is verified. Demonstration of correctness ... e math , math r math . Private elements math k math , math x math . See also Digital Signature Algorithm DSA ElGamal signature scheme References C.P. Schnorr, Efficient identification and signatures .... Lecture Notes in Computer Science, nr 435 Claus Peter Schnorr, Efficient Signature Generation by Smart ... CRC Press. 1996. Cryptography navbox public key Category Digital signature schemes de Schnorr Signatur ... more details
About secure cryptographic signatures simple signatures in digital form Electronic signature A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message ... electronic signature s, a broader term that refers to any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature, ref http frwebgate.access.gpo.gov cgi bin getdoc.cgi?dbname 106 cong public laws&docid ... digital signature gives the receiver reason to believe the message was sent by the claimed sender ... implemented digital signatures are more difficult to forge than the handwritten type. Digital signature ... further, some non repudiation schemes offer a time stamp for the digital signature, so that even if the private key is exposed, the signature is valid nonetheless. Digitally signed messages may be anything ... via some other cryptographic protocol . Definition Image Digital Signature diagram.svg thumb right 350px Diagram showing how a simple digital signature is applied and then verified Main Public key cryptography A digital signature scheme typically consists of three algorithms A key generation algorithm ... algorithm that, given a message and a private key, produces a signature. A signature verifying algorithm that, given a message, public key and a signature, either accepts or rejects the message s claim to authenticity. Two main properties are required. First, a signature generated from a fixed message ... key. Secondly, it should be computationally infeasible to generate a valid signature for a party ... described the notion of a digital signature scheme, although they only conjectured that such schemes ... 654, Nov. 1976. ref ref name lysythesis http theory.lcs.mit.edu cis theses anna phd.pdf Signature Schemes ... signatures s sub 1 sub , s sub 2 sub of m sub 1 sub , m sub 2 sub is a valid signature of the product m sub 1 sub m sub 2 sub . ref . The first widely marketed software package to offer digital signature ... more details
selfref For the use of signatures in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia Signatures . A signature block often abbreviated as signature , sig block , sig file , .sig , dot sig , siggy , or just sig is a block of text automatically appended at the bottom of an e mail message, Usenet article, or Internet forum forum ... response follows. It is common practice for a signature block to consist of one or more lines ... as a digital signature . A sig block is easily forged, whereas a digital signature uses cryptographic ... in a signature block includes the poster s name, phone number and email address, along with other ... February 2012 An e mail signature is a block of text appended to the end of an e mail message often ... append an e mail signature with each new message. A shortened form of a signature block sometimes called a signature line , only including one s name, often with some distinguishing prefix ... . ref This latter prescription, which goes by many names, including sig dashes , signature cut line ... desires. The signature prefix chosen can be different for different people serving as a distinguishing ... are often less strict on how a signature block is formatted, as Web browser s typically are not operated within the same constraints as text interface applications. Users will typically use a signature .... Some of these websites have competitions, battles and signature of the week contests, where ... line user signature blocks were rare. However, a tearline standard for FidoNet was included in FTS ... poster famous for his absurdly long signature. Signature tag Notes and references references External ... Signature Convention http lipas.uwasa.fi ts http signatur.html What are the restrictions for a proper signature? http www.odce.ie GetAttachment.aspx?id 6b7d40ce d830 4613 bc9f eb7ae501db93 Information ... found on Slashdot Category Internet culture Category Internet forum terminology de Signature fr Signature internet et usenet he pl Sygnaturka podpis ... more details
For the proposed building complex in Dubai, United Arab Emirates Signature Towers Infobox building name Signature Tower image Signature Tower.png image size 125px caption Signature Tower rendering location 505 Church St br Nashville, Tennessee br United States coordinates coord 36 9 45.9 N 86 46 48.9 .... wind main contractor Turner Construction developer Giarratana Development, LLC owner Signature ... url http www.nashvillecitypaper.com news.php?viewStory 55372 title Signature Tower sales center ... news 2006 7 31 giarratana lands luxury hotel partner for signature tower title Giarratana lands luxury hotel partner for Signature Tower work The Nashville Post first1 Richard last1 ... news.php?viewStory 49542 title Signature makes its mark work The City Paper first ... title Permits pulled for Giarratana s Signature work Nashville Business Journal first Jim last ... . ref name ds120308 cite news url http www.newschannel5.com story 9451444 signature tower wont be 70 stories title Signature Tower Won t Be 70 Stories work Associated Press via NewsChannel5.com date ... of convert 1500 ft2 to convert 3500 ft2 abbr on . The height of the revised Signature Tower ... nashville stories 2009 05 04 story1.html title Signature Tower drops size, scope work Nashville Business Journal first Jenny last Burns date May 1, 2009 accessdate June 24, 2009 ref The Signature ... news signature tower excavation to begin this month 106483.htm title Signature Tower Excavation ... giarsig cite web url http www.giarratana.com Signature.asp title Giarratana Signature Tower work Giarratana.com ... cite news title N.Y. firm to build Signature Tower work The Tennessean first Chas last Sisk date ... ds120308 The official website for Signature Tower was taken offline around December 2009. In November ... Signature Tower website Nashville skyscrapers Supertall proposed skyscrapers ... and structures in the United States de Signature Tower fr Signature Tower ... more details
In cryptography a blind signature as introduced by David Chaum ref cite journal first David last Chaum ... Chaum.BlindSigForPayment.1982.PDF ref is a form of digital signature in which the content of a message is disguised blinding cryptography blinded before it is signed. The resulting blind signature can be publicly verified against the original, unblinded message in the manner of a regular digital signature ... schemes. An often used analogy to the cryptographic blind signature is the physical act of enclosing ... agent. Thus, the signer does not view the message content, but a third party can later verify the signature and know that the signature is valid within the limitations of the underlying signature .... In this case, the signer s response is first un blinded prior to verification in such a way that the signature ... is required. Blind signature schemes can be implemented using a number of common public key cryptography public key signing schemes, for instance RSA algorithm RSA and Digital Signature Algorithm DSA . To perform such a signature, the message is first blinded , typically by combining it in some ... verified against the signer s public key. In some blind signature schemes, such as RSA, it is even possible to remove the blinding factor from the signature before it is verified. In these schemes, the final output message signature of the blind signature scheme is identical to that of the normal signing protocol. Uses Blind signature schemes see a great deal of use in applications where sender privacy ... not learn the voter s selections. An unlinkable blind signature provides this guarantee, as the authority ... ballots it signs back to the un blinded ballots it receives for count Blind signature schemes Blind signature schemes exist for many public key signing protocols. Some examples are provided below. In each ... input to the signature function. As an analogy, consider that Alice has a letter which should ... a blind signature scheme is a cryptographic protocol that involves two parties, a user Alice that wants ... more details
Infobox book image author Stephen C. Meyer name Signature in the Cell DNA and the Evidence for Intelligent Design country United States of America language English language English subject Intelligent Design genre Science and Religion publisher HarperOne release date June 23, 2009 media type Hardcover isbn 0061472786 dewey congress oclc preceded by Darwinism, Design, and Public Education 2003 followed by Signature in the Cell DNA and the Evidence for Intelligent Design is a 2009 book by the American philosopher and physicist Stephen C. Meyer , a key figure at the Discovery Institute . Reception Philosopher Thomas Nagel submitted the book as his contribution to the 2009 Books of the Year supplement for The Times , writing Signature in the Cell...is a detailed account of the problem of how life came into existence from lifeless matter something that had to happen before the process of biological evolution could begin ... Meyer is a Christian, but atheists, and theists who believe God never intervenes in the natural world, will be instructed by his careful presentation of this fiendishly difficult problem. . ref http entertainment.timesonline.co.uk tol arts and entertainment the tls article6931364.ece 2009 Books of the Year , The Times ref Stephen Fletcher dn date September 2011 , chemist at Loughborough University , responded in The Times Literary Supplement that Nagel was promot ... cite news url http biologos.org blog signature in the cell title Science & the Sacred Signature ... s response to Falk. ref http biologos.org blog response to darrel falks review of signature in the cell Response to Darrel Falk s Review of Signature in the Cell , 28 January 2010, BioLogos Foundation ref References reflist External links http www.signatureinthecell.com Signature in the Cell http www.asa3.org ASA PSCF 2010 PSCF12 10Venema.pdf Seeking a Signature , a review of Signature in the Cell appearing in Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith DEFAULTSORT Signature In The Cell Category ... more details
For use in cryptography Key signature cryptography Refimprove date September 2008 File A major f sharp minor.svg thumb right 150px Key signature A major F sharp minor F music minor with three sharps placed after the clef. In musical notation , a key signature is a series of Sharp music sharp or Flat ... of certain notes. Each Major scale major and Minor scale minor key music key has an associated key signature ... for a piece to be written with a key signature that does not match its key, for example, in some Baroque ... one must always analyze its tonal structure rather than rely on the key signature. ref or in transcriptions ... PA25 IA13&vq 22In a few cases Petrie has given what is clearly a modal melody a key signature which ... p. 22 . In a few cases Petrie has given what is clearly a modal melody a key signature ... scale no key signature accidentals required throughout Image ks2.gif thumb right 200px B major scale key signature accidentals not needed In principle, any piece can be written with any key signature, using accidentals to correct the pattern of whole and half steps. The purpose of the key signature ... . For example, if a key signature has only one sharp, it must be an F sharp. The effect of a key signature continues throughout a piece or movement, unless explicitly cancelled by another key signature. For example, if a five sharp key signature is placed at the beginning of a piece, every A in the piece ... even though the A music in the key signature is written an octave lower . In a score containing more than one instrument, all the instruments are usually written with the same key signature. Exceptions ... with indeterminate pitch Composers may omit the key signature for horn instrument horn and occasionally ... conventional key signatures, with up to seven sharps or flats and including the empty signature of C major A minor . Corollaries Starting from a key with flats in its key signature raising by fifths ... to the enharmonic equivalent key using a flat based signature. Typically this is at F music sharp ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 Image Urbainpact.jpg thumb This document was evidence in the trial against Urbain Grandier burned at the stake in 1634 . It was presented as a diabolical pact written in backwards Latin and signed by Grandier, several demons identified by their seals and a clearly visible Satan as . Image TorresKio.JPG thumb In the Spanish Satanic comedy film The Day of the Beast film The Day of the Beast 1995 , the Puerta de Europa towers of Madrid are said to be shaped in the form of the Devil s signature. In demonology , a diabolical signature from diabolus , the Latin for devil which comes from the Greek diabolos for supernatural being is the signature of a devil, demon or similar spirit, usually in order to sign a soul away. The most famous of these is in the story of Faust . Demons signatures are designed to disguise their actual names. They are usually signed in blood . If there is a mass of signatures, they are usually signed in a circle. Some books on demonology, like Arbatel de Magia Verum and The Lesser Key of Solomon or Lemegeton , assert that all demon s have their own signature, collectively called seal of the demons , and sign the acts of diabolical pact s with them. These seals not seals in the usual sense, as they are handwritten are lineal drawings, often complicated. According to The Lesser Key of Solomon and the acts of some witch trials , there are demons that have more than one seal or signature. It is notable that many of these signatures seem to include the sign of the cross , which is usually believed to scare demons. There are many instances of supposed demonic signatures. These signs appeared mostly during the Renaissance , in a time in which demonology was a subject of study for many theology theologian s, priest s, alchemy alchemists , cabalist s and other scientists and pseudo scientists. One of the accusations by which the Inquisition sentenced Urbain Grandier to death was based on several of these signatures. Category Demon ... more details
A condition s gene signature is the group of gene s in a type of Cell biology cell whose combined Gene expression expression pattern ref Itadani H, Mizuarai S, Kotani H. Can systems biology understand pathway activation? Gene expression signatures as surrogate markers for understanding the complexity of pathway activation. Curr Genomics. 2008 Aug 9 5 349 60.PMID 19517027 ref is uniquely characteristic of that condition. ref Liu J, Campen A, Huang S, Peng SB, Ye X, Palakal M, Dunker AK, Xia Y, Li S. Identification of a gene signature in cell cycle pathway for breast cancer prognosis using gene expression profiling data. BMC Med Genomics. 2008 Sep 11 1 39. PMID 18786252 ref Ideally, the gene signature can be used to select a group of patients ref Wouters BJ, L wenberg B, Erpelinck Verschueren CA, van Putten WL, Valk PJ, Delwel R. Double CEBPA mutations, but not single CEBPA mutations, define a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia with a distinctive gene expression profile that is uniquely associated with a favorable outcome. Blood. 2009 Mar 26 113 13 3088 91. Epub 2009 Jan 26.PMID 19171880 ref at a specific state of a disease with accuracy that facilitates selection of treatments. ref Hassane DC, Guzman ML, Corbett C, Li X, Abboud R, Young F, Liesveld JL, Carroll M, Jordan CT. Discovery of agents that eradicate leukemia stem cell s using an in silico screen of public gene expression data. Blood. 2008 Jun 15 111 12 5654 62. Epub 2008 Feb 27.PMID 18305216 ref ref Corsello SM, Roti G, Ross KN, Chow KT, Galinsky I, DeAngelo DJ, Stone RM, Kung AL, Golub TR, Stegmaier K. Identification of AML1 ETO modulators by Chemogenomics chemical genomics . Blood. 2009 Jun 11 113 24 6193 205. Epub 2009 Apr 17. PMID 19377049 ref See also Genomic signature References references DEFAULTSORT Gene Signature Category Genetics genetics stub ... more details
In mathematics , the signature operator is an elliptic differential operator defined on a certain subspace of the space of differential form s on an even dimensional closed manifold compact Riemannian manifold , whose Atiyah Singer index theorem The analytical index analytic index is the same as the Signature topology topological signature of the manifold if the dimension of the manifold is a multiple of four. ref Harvnb Atiyah Bott 1967 ref It is an instance of a Dirac type operator. Definition in the even dimensional case Let math M math be a compact Riemannian manifold of even dimension math 2l math . Let math d Omega p M rightarrow Omega p 1 M math be the exterior derivative on math i math th order differential forms on math M math . The Riemannian metric on math M math allows us to define the Hodge star operator math star math and with it the inner product math langle omega, eta rangle int M omega wedge star eta math on forms. Denote by math d Omega p 1 M rightarrow Omega p M math the Hermitian adjoint adjoint operator of the exterior differential math d math . This operator can be expressed purely in terms of the Hodge star operator as follows math d 1 2l p 1 2l 1 star d star star d star math Now consider math d d math acting on the space of all forms math Omega M bigoplus p ... D Omega M rightarrow Omega M math is called the signature operator of math M math . ref Harvnb Atiyah Bott 1967 ref Definition in the odd dimensional case In the odd dimensional case one defines the signature ... Signature Theorem If math l 2k math , so that the dimension of math M math is a multiple of four ... is the Signature topology topological signature i.e. the Signature mathematics signature of the quadratic ... where math L math is the Hirzebruch L polynomial L genus and the Hirzebruch signature theorem Hirzebruch ... invariance of the higher indices Kaminker and Miller proved that the higher indices of the signature operator are homotopy invariant. See also Hirzebruch signature theorem Pontryagin class Friedrich ... more details
In cryptography , a Lamport signature or Lamport one time signature scheme is a method for constructing a digital signature . Lamport signatures can be built from any cryptographically secure one way function ... tree s, a single key could be used for many messages, making this a fairly efficient digital signature scheme. The Lamport signature cryptosystem was invented in 1979 by Leslie Lamport , named after ... signature and she publishes them along with the message. Note that now Alice s private key is used and should never be used again. The other 256 random numbers that she did not use for the signature ... would later be able to create false signatures. Verifying the signature Then Bob wants to verify Alice s signature of the message. He also hashes the message to get a 256 bit hash sum. Then he ... in the same manner that Alice picked the random numbers for the signature. That is, if the first ... each of the 256 random numbers in Alice s signature. This gives him 256 hashes. If these 256 hashes exactly match the 256 hashes he just picked from Alice s public key then the signature is ok. If not, then the signature is wrong. Note that prior to that Alice has published the signature of a message ... list of 256 random numbers for the signature. And after Alice has published the signature others ... be a message. The signature of the message is math sig m 1 ldots m k y 1,m 1 , ldots, y k,m k s 1, ldots,s k math . Verifying a signature The verifier validates a signature by checking that math f ... model. In Lamport signatures, each bit of the public key and signature is based on short messages ...,j sub , the private key elements y sub i,j sub and the signature elements s sub i,j sub must be no less ... BBS . Short public key A Lamport signature can be combined with a hash list , making it possible to only ... 2k math values math z ij math . To be able to verify the random numbers in a signature against the single ... of the resulting signature, since parts of the hash tree have to be included in the signature, but it makes ... more details
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