Multiple issues orphan November 2006 context October 2009 Small T intron exist in some plasmid vector s used for protein expression . The function of this intron in the vectors is unknown, but it is theorized that it might be involved in splicing or translation efficiency. ref name pmid1690852 cite journal author Huang MT, Gorman CM title The simian virus 40 small t intron, present in many common expression vectors, leads to aberrant splicing. journal Mol Cell Biol volume 10 issue 4 pages 1805 10 year 1990 pmid 1690852 ref ref name pmid1654158 cite journal author Hunt AG, Mogen BD, Chu NM, Chua NH title The SV40 small t intron is accurately and efficiently spliced in tobacco cells. journal Plant Mol Biol volume 16 issue 3 pages 375 9 year 1991 pmid 1654158 ref Vectors contain such as pME18s contain it. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Small T Intron Category Gene expression Cell biology stub ... more details
For the interferon based drug used in viral and cancer treatments Intron A Image Gene.png right thumbnail 270px Representation of intron and exons within a simple gene containing a single intron. An intron ... 0 7167 6766 X oclc doi accessdate ref The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene ... from intron containing genes, RNA splicing takes place as part of the RNA processing pathway that follows ... intron is derived from the term intragenic region , i.e. a region inside a gene. Although introns ... , in addition to introns. Simple illustration of an intron and RNA splicing Introns and the process ... If there were a single intron within this sequence, it would look something like this OUTSIDEOFADOGABOOKISMANSBEGUITUITGLSAJSAKHDLAYSIOEYASHDKLSALKDN ... 1. Identify exon and intron sequences To remove the intron, the sequences corresponding to the intron ... the boundaries between the exons and intron by even a single letter will result in a nonsensical ... 2. Cleavage at intron exon junctions Next, the sequence must be cut precisely at the boundaries between the exons and the intron OUTSIDEOFADOGABOOKISMANSBE GUITUITGLSAJSAKHDLAYSIOEYASHDKLSALKDN ... together to generate the final message. The excised intron is usually broken down to its component ... http www.nobelprize.org nobel prizes medicine laureates 1993 press.html ref The term intron was introduced ... Comparative genomic analysis of fungal genomes reveals intron rich ancestors journal Genome Biol. volume ... . Classification Splicing of all intron containing RNA molecules is superficially similar, as described above. However, different types of introns were identified through the examination of intron ... Self splicing Group I catalytic intron group I introns that are removed by Ribozyme RNA catalysis . Self splicing group II intron s that are removed by Ribozyme RNA catalysis Group III intron s are proposed ... are characterized by specific intron sequences located at the boundaries between introns and exons ... point, a particular nucleotide sequence near the 3 end of the intron that becomes covalently linked ... more details
Infobox animanga Header name Intron Depot 1 image caption ja kanji ja romaji genre Fantasy , Cyberpunk , Infobox animanga Print type manga author Masamune Shirow publisher Seishinsha demographic magazine first July 17, 1992 last volumes volume list Infobox animanga Footer Intron Depot 1 is a collection of Masamune Shirow s full color works. The volume itself is 148 210 mm x 285 mm pages. It encompasses 226 illustrations from 1981 to 1991, 193 of which are in full color. It is a wide ranging collection, as one might expect from a work surveying 10 years of a professional artist s life. The foreword written by Masamune Shirow indicates that only a small sample of works is not represented, some works done for fanzines, or sent off to other individuals, and 34 color pages were left out from Ghost in the Shell because he felt that might devalue that work. Everything from Appleseed manga Appleseed to Orion manga Orion are well represented in Intron Depot 1, some pictures are reproductions of paintings, others book covers, manga pages, or drafts. One feature of Intron Depot 1 is that all of the works are presented with a small aside from Shirow as to his thoughts on them. Another is that he includes a number of what he considers to be his mistakes, and is generally very critical of his work over all. The commentary itself is somewhat whimsical in tone. It might present some seed of inspiration for an image, critique, or ponder the functionality of a pictured object, or provide some perspective on technique, story, or history associated with the work. Intron Depot 1 in two spots in particular is quite graphic. One panel involves a graphic drawing of a lesbian m nage trois, and another significant gore. On balance it is a collection of guns, swords, girls, gadgets, cyborgs and mecha . Chapter pieces Poster 3 Contents 2 Appleseed manga Appleseed 43 Black Magic manga Black Magic 10 Black Magic M 66 10 Game & Etc. 15 Ghost In The Shell The Ghost In The Shell 39 Dominion ... more details
Infobox rfam Name Group I catalytic intron image RF00028.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of Group I catalytic intron Symbol Intron gpI AltSymbols Rfam RF00028 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Intron Tax domain Eukaryota Bacteria Virus es GO GO 0000372 SO SO 0000587 ... at the upstream exon and the exoG being attached to the 5 end of the intron. Then the terminal G omega G of the intron swaps the exoG and occupies the G binding site to organize the second ester transfer ... intron. Image GI catalysis.jpg center Two metal ion mechanism seen in protein polymerases and phosphatases was proposed to be used by group I and group II intron s to process the phosphoryl transfer ... resolved high resolution structure of the Azoarcus group I intron. ref cite journal last Stahley first MR coauthors Strobel SA year 2006 title RNA splicing group I intron crystal structures ... thumb 200px left A 3D representation of the Group I catalytic intron. This view shows the active ... of the Group I catalytic intron. This is the crystal structure of a phage Twort group I ribozyme product ... A 3D representation of the Group I catalytic intron. This is the structure of the Tetrahymena ribozyme ... doi 10.1016 j.molcel.2004.10.003 ref Intron folding Since early 1990s, scientists started to study how the group I intron achieves its native structure in vitro , and some mechanisms of RNA Folding ... Edgell 2000 cite journal author Edgell DR, Belfort M, Shub DA title Barriers to intron promiscuity ... Bonocora RP, Shub DA title A self splicing group I intron in DNA polymerase genes of T7 like bacteriophages ... Lee CN, Lin JW, Weng SF, Tseng YH title Genomic characterization of the intron containing T7 like phage ... 37 year 2009 month December pmid 19854925 pmc 2794104 doi 10.1128 AEM.01214 09 url ref Both intron early and intron late theories have found evidences in explaining the origin of group I introns. Some group I introns encode homing endonuclease HEG , which catalyzes intron mobility. It is proposed that HEGs ... more details
Multiple issues primary sources August 2011 orphan February 2011 self published August 2011 infobox biodatabase title EID logo File Database.png description database of protein coding intron containing genes. scope organism center Harvard University laboratory Department of Molecular Biology author S Saxonov pmid Saxonov & al. 2000 ref name pmid10592221 released standard format url http mcb.harvard.edu gilbert EID download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version the Exon Intron Database EID is a database of Alternative splicing spliced mRNA sequences ref name pmid10592221 cite journal quotes yes last Saxonov first S authorlink coauthors Daizadeh I, Fedorov A, Gilbert W year 2000 month Jan title EID the Exon Intron Database an exhaustive database of protein coding intron containing genes journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 28 issue 1 pages 185 90 publisher location ENGLAND issn 0305 1048 pmid 10592221 bibcode oclc id url pmc 102483 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote doi 10.1093 nar 28.1.185 ref See also Alternative splicing Exon Intron References references External links http www.utoledo.edu med depts bioinfo database.html Category Biological databases Category Gene expression Category Spliceosome Category RNA splicing Biodatabase stub ... more details
Image IntronGroupII.jpg thumb 280px right Structure of group II intron Group II introns are a large class of self catalytic ribozymes as well as mobile genetic element found within the genes of all three domains of life. Ribozyme activity e.g., Self RNA splicing splicing can occur under high salt conditions in vitro . However, assistance from proteins is required for in vivo splicing. In contrast to group I introns, intron excision occurs in the absence of Guanosine triphosphate GTP and involves the formation of a lariat, with an A residue branchpoint strongly resembling that found in lariats formed during splicing of nuclear pre mRNA. It is hypothesized that pre mRNA splicing see spliceosome may have evolved from group II introns due to the similar catalytic mechanism as well the structural similarity of the Domain V substructure to the U6 U2 extended snRNA. Finally, their ability to site specifically mobilize to new DNA sites has been exploited as a tool for biotechnology. Structure and catalytic site The secondary structure of group II introns is characterized by six typical stem loop ... over the complete intron structure. The few strictly conserved primary sequences are the consensus .... Group II catalytic intron Group II catalytic introns are found in rRNA , tRNA , and mRNA of organelle ... . This model and alignment represents only domains V and VI. A subset of group II intron s also ... . Protein machinery is required for splicing in vivo , and long range intronintron and intron exon ... Intron Splice site Splicing genetics Spliceosomal Nuclear introns Group I catalytic intron Group I intron Group III intron Twintron LtrA References cite journal author de Lencastre A, Hamill S, Pyle AM title A single active site region for a group II intron journal Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. volume ... of branch site choice by a group II intron journal EMBO J volume 20 pages 6866&ndash 6876 pmid 11726522 ... II catalytic intron Category RNA Category Ribozymes Category RNA splicing ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 Intron mediated enhancement IME is the ability of an intron sequence to enhance the gene expression expression of a gene containing that intron. The term was first defined in a 1990 publication that investigated the enhancing effects of two specific maize introns. ref cite journal last1 Mascarenhas first1 D last2 Mettler first2 IJ last3 Pierce first3 DA last4 Lowe first4 HW year 1990 url http www.springerlink.com content m58671550362166l title Intron mediated enhancement of heterologous gene expression in maize journal Plant Molecular Biology volume 15 issue 6 pages 913 920 quote no doi 10.1007 BF00039430 pmid 2103480 ref Since then there have been a number of publications that have investigated this phenomenon, though the mechanism s by which IME works are still not completely understood. When testing to see whether any given intron produces an IME effect, it is typical to compare the expression of two DNA construct constructs , one containing the intron and one without it, and to express the difference between the two results as a Multiplication fold increase in enhancement. Not all introns enhance gene expression, but those that do typically enhance expression between 2 and 10 fold relative to an intronless control. ref cite journal doi 10.1017 S1355838202020551 last1 Rose first1 A year 2002 pages 1444 53 pmid 12458797 issue 11 title Requirements for intron mediated enhancement of gene expression in Arabidopsis journal RNA volume 8 format pmc 1370350 ref Introns that enhance expression have been detected in humans, ref cite journal last1 Jonsson first1 ... title Intron requirement for expression of the human purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene journal Nucleic ... by the First Intron journal Plant Physiology volume 123 issue 3 pages 1005 1014 doi 10.1104 pp.123.3.1005 ... last3 Sala first3 F last4 Breviario first4 D year 2002 title A long leader intron of the Ostub16 rice ... DEFAULTSORT Intron Mediated Enhancement Category Gene expression ... more details
Group III intron is a class of intron s found in mRNA genes of chloroplasts in euglenoid protist s. They have a conventional Group II intron group II type dVI with a bulged adenosine, a streamlined dI, no dII dV, and a relaxed splice site consensus. Splicing is by two transesterification reactions with a dVI bulged adenosine as initiating nucleophile the intron is excised as a lariat. Clarify date August 2009 Citation needed date August 2009 Discovery and identification Montandon,P. and Stutz,E. 1984 ref cite journal author Montandon PE, Stutz E title Nucleotide sequence of a Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome region coding for the elongation factor Tu evidence for a spliced mRNA journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 11 issue 17 pages 5877 92 year 1983 month September pmid 6310519 pmc 326324 doi 10.1093 nar 11.17.5877 url http nar.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 6310519 ref and Hallick,R.B. et al. 1988 and 1989 reported examples of a novel type of introns in Euglena chloroplast . In 1989, David A.Christopher and Richard B.Hallick proposed the title, Group III introns to identify this new class with the following characteristics ref cite journal author Christopher DA, Hallick RB title Euglena gracilis chloroplast ribosomal protein operon a new chloroplast gene for ribosomal protein L5 and description of a novel organelle intron category designated group III journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 17 issue 19 pages 7591 608 year 1989 month October pmid 2477800 pmc 334869 doi 10.1093 nar 17.19.7591 url http nar.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 2477800 ref Group III introns are much shorter than other self splicing intron classes, ranging from 95 to 110 ... hand, Christopher and Hallick stated By contrast, the smallest Euglena chloroplast group II intron .... In 1994, discovery of a group III intron with a length of one order of magnitude longer indicated ... Intron Category RNA Category Ribozymes Category RNA splicing ... more details
File HAC mRNA.png thumb right Consensus structure of HAC1 XBP1 mRNA The Hac1 Xbp1 intron is a non canonical intron , spliced from bZIP containing genes called HAC1 in Fungi and XBP1 in Metazoa . Splicing is performed independently of the spliceosome by ERN1 IRE1 , a kinase with endoribonuclease activity ref name Sidrauski cite journal doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 00 80369 4 author Sidrauski C, Walter P title The transmembrane kinase Ire1p is a site specific endonuclease that initiates mRNA splicing in the unfolded protein response journal Cell volume 90 issue 6 pages 1031 9 year 1997 pmid 9323131 ref . Exons are joined by a tRNA ligase. Recognition of the intron splice sites is mediated by a base paired secondary structure of the mRNA that forms at the exon intron boundaries. Splicing of the Hac1 Xbp1 intron is a key regulatory step in the unfolded protein response UPR . The Ire mediated unconventional splicing was first described for HAC1 in S. cerevisiae ref name Sidrauski . Consensus structure The secondary structure of the HAC1 XBP1 intron is very well conserved, and consists of two hairpins H2 and H3 around the splice sites, and an extended hairpin H1 that brings the splice sites together see figure . The sequence of the intron is well conserved only around the splice sites. Non canonical ... intron is very short 20, 23 or 26 nt . However, 14 yeast species have a long 100 nt intron in HAC1 ... in the non canonical Hac1 Xbp1 intron journal RNA Biol volume 8 issue 4 pages 552 556 year 2011 pmid 21593604 ref . In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the long intron pairs with the 5 UTR and stalls the ribosomes ... year 1996 pmid 8898194 ref . Intron conservation IRE mediated unconventional splicing of the HAC1 XBP1 intron has been confirmed experimentally in the following species S. cerevisiae ref name Sidrauski ... a HAC like intron with its characteristic RNA structure in 128 out of 156 species studied ref name Hooks . In Fungi a HAC like intron can be found only in Ascomycota in 52 out of 63 species analysed ... more details
Wikify date April 2012 Orphan date March 2011 infobox biodatabase title U12DB logo File Database.png description orthologous U12 type spliceosomal introns. scope organism center laboratory author Tyler S Alioto pmid Alioto & al. 2007 ref name pmid17082203 released 2006 standard format url http genome.imim.es cgi bin u12db u12db.cgi download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version U12 Intron Database U12DB is a database of U12 minor spliceosomal RNA U12 type introns of sequenced eukaryotic genomes. ref name pmid17082203 cite journal quotes yes last Alioto first Tyler S authorlink year 2007 month Jan title U12DB a database of orthologous U12 type spliceosomal introns journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 35 issue Database issue pages D110 5 publisher location England issn pmid 17082203 doi 10.1093 nar gkl796 bibcode oclc id url pmc 1635337 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref See also U12 minor spliceosomal RNA References references External links http genome.imim.es cgi bin u12db u12db.cgi Category Biological databases Category Gene expression Category Spliceosome Category RNA splicing Biodatabase stub ... more details
. wiktionarypar small petite Small may refer to People Albion Woodbury Small 1854 1926 , founded the first Department of Sociology in the United States at the University of Chicago Ambrose Small 1863 vanished 1919 , Canadian theatre magnate Archie Small born 1889 , English footballer with Southampton Bertrice Small born 1937 , American writer of historical and erotic romance novels Brendon Small born 1975 ,American actor, composer, and musician Bruce Small 1895 1980 , Australian businessman and politician Charles A. Small , Director of The Yale Initiative for the Interdisciplinary Study of Antisemitism Charlotte Small , M tis wife of explorer David Thompson Chris Small born 1973 , Scottish professional snooker player Edward Small 1891 1977 , film producer Elisha Small died 1842 , American sailor Eric Small , television and film producer, writer, and director Frank Small, Jr. 1896 ... Fred Small born 1952 , American singer songwriter Gladstone Small born 1961 , former England cricketer Heather Small born 1965 , British soul singer Henry Small 1881 1946 , English footballer with Southampton and Manchester United Jack Small 1765 1836 , English cricketer Jack Small footballer 1889 1946 , English footballer with Sunderland and Southampton James Edward Small 1798 1869 , lawyer, judge and political figure in Canada James Small inventor 1730 1793 James Small rugby player born 1969 , South African rugby union footballer John Kunkel Small 1869 1938 , American botanist John Small cricketer 1737 1826 , English cricketer John Small politician 1746 1841 , political figure in Upper Canada Joseph Small 1892 1958 , West Indian cricketer Len Small 1862 1936 , Republican governor of Illinois Michael Small 1939 2003 , American film score composer Millie singer born 1946 , singer born Millicent Dolly May Small Milton Small , born 1964 , former West Indian cricketer Pauline Small 1924 2005 Phil Small , Australian bassist Richard H. Small , American article has american not australian ... more details
About the ALGOL like programming language the scripting language formerly named Small Pawn scripting language SMALL , Small Machine Algol Like Language, is a computer programming programming programming language language developed by Dr. Nevil Brownlee of Auckland University . History The aim of the language was to enable people to write ALGOL like code that ran on a small machine. It also included the string type for easier text manipulation. SMALL was used extensively from about 1980 to 1985 at Auckland University as a programming teaching aid, and for some internal projects. Originally written to run on a Burroughs Corporation B6700 Main frame in Fortran IV, subsequently rewritten in SMALL and ported to a DEC PDP 10 Architecture on the Operating System TOPS 10 and IBM S360 Architecture on the Operating System VM Conversational Monitor System CMS . About 1985, SMALL had some Object oriented programming object oriented features added to handle structures that were missing from the early language , and to formalise file manipulation operations. See also ALGOL Lua programming language Squirrel programming language References http www.caida.org home seniorstaff nevil.xml Nevil Brownlee Category Algol programming language family Category Systems programming languages Category Procedural programming languages Category Object oriented programming languages Category Programming languages created in the 1980s ... more details
Small Wonder may refer to Small Wonder essays Small Wonder essays , an essay collection by Barbara Kingsolver Small Wonder Records , a UK independent record label owned and managed by Pete Stennett Small Wonder TV series Small Wonder TV series , an American science fiction sitcom disambiguation fr Small Wonder it Small Wonder ... more details
Small Heath can refer to Small Heath, Birmingham , an area of Birmingham, England Birmingham Small Heath UK Parliament constituency Small Heath or Small Heath Alliance , former names of Birmingham City F.C. Small Heath butterfly Coenonympha pamphilus disambig de Small Heath ... more details
Charles Small may refer to Charles A. Small , lecturer at Yale University Charlie Small , MLB player Charlie Small writer , pseudonymous children s author Charlie Smalls , composer and songwriter Charles John Small , former List of Canadian ambassadors to Afghanistan Canadian ambassador to Afghanistan hndis name Small, Charles DEFAULTSORT Small, Charles ... more details
Small Potatoes may refer to Small Potatoes Hawaii Five O , a 1978 episode of Hawaii Five O Small Potatoes The X Files , an episode of The X Files Small Potatoes 1999 TV series , a 1999 to 2001 British TV sitcom Small Potatoes 2011 TV series , a 2011 children s TV series wiktionary small potatoes disambig ... more details
Small world or Small worlds may refer to tocright Literature Small World novel Small World novel , a 1981 horror novel by Tabitha King Small World Beaumont novel Small World Beaumont novel , a novel by Matt Beaumont Small World An Academic Romance , a 1984 comic novel by David Lodge small worlds , a play by Eva Maler Music Small World album Small World album , a 1988 album by Huey Lewis and the News Small World G bor Szab album Small World G bor Szab album , a 1972 album by guitarist G bor Szab Small World , a song from the musical Gypsy A Musical Fable Sciences Small world experiment , a series of social network experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram Small world network , a generalization of the small world phenomenon to non social networks Small world routing , routing methods for small world networks Television Small World , a Cartoon Network United States Cartoon Network program Small world TV miniseries Small world TV miniseries , a miniseries based on the David Lodge novel Small Worlds Torchwood Small Worlds Torchwood , an episode of Torchwood Small World Talk show hosted by Edward R Murrow Other uses It s a Small World , a ride at several Disney parks, commonly known as Small World Small World board game Small World board game , a board game by Days of Wonder Smallworld , a Geographic Information System targeted to utilities from General Electric Smallworld Cable , a Scottish cable television and broadband provider Small World Software , a former internet technology consultancy company, now part of iXL aSmallWorld , an internet network Small Worlds presentation , a presentation by Raph Koster about MMORPG conventions SmallWorlds , a 3D virtual world See also It s a Small World disambiguation disambig de Small World ... more details
Small Steps may refer to Small Steps novel Small Steps novel , a novel by Louis Sachar Small Steps album Small Steps album , an album by Heiruspecs Small Steps The Year I Got Polio , a book by Peg Kehret See also Small Steps, Heavy Hooves , an album by Dear and the Headlights Small step semantics , in computer science disambig ... more details
In mathematics , the term small set may refer to Grothendieck universe Small set an element of a Grothendieck universe Small set category theory Small set combinatorics See also Ideal set theory Natural density Large set Ramsey theory mathdab ... more details
Small group can mean In psychology, a group of 3 to 20 individuals, see communication in small groups . In mathematics, a group of small order, see list of small groups . In connection with churches, a cell group . DAB ... more details
Small Constitution or Little Constitution , lang pl Ma a Konstytucja can refer to three constitution s of Poland Small Constitution of 1919 Small Constitution of 1947 Small Constitution of 1992 disambig pl Ma a Konstytucja ... more details
Small White may refer to Dixeia , a genus of butterflies commonly known as the Small Whites Pieris rapae , a butterfly commonly known as the Cabbage, Cabbage White, or Small White Small White pig , an extinct breed of domestic pig disambig ... more details
Robert Small is the name of Robert Small minister , 1732 1808 Scottish Minister, Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, Mathematician and Astronomer Robert Small producer , American entertainment producer Robert Hardy Small 1891 1976 , Canadian politician, Member of Parliament for Danforth See also Robert Smalls , freed slave and politician hndis Small, Robert ... more details
James Small may refer to James Small inventor 1730 1793 , Scottish inventor James Small rugby player born 1969 , former South African rugby union footballer James Edward Small 1798 1869 , early Canadian judge and political figure Jim Small born 1933 , Australian politician Jim Small baseball born 1937 , American baseball player hndis Small, James ... more details
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