other uses2 Smelt Image TVA phosphate smelting furnace.jpg thumb Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a Tennessee Valley Authority TVA chemical plant 1942 Refimprove date February 2008 Smelting is a form ... base metals from their ores. Smelting uses heat and a chemical redox reducing agent to decompose the ore ... is molten aluminum. Process Smelting involves more than just melting the metal out of its ore. Most ... have to undergo a chemical reaction. Smelting therefore consists of using suitable reduction chemistry ... as below. Reduction Reduction is the final, high temperature step in smelting. It is here ... in smelting for several purposes, chief among them catalyzing the desired reactions and chemically binding ... and smelting to keep them out of the working environment. History expert subject multiple Mining ... for smelting. It is easily produced during the heating process, and as a gas comes into intimate contact ... , pre Inca civilizations of the central Andes in Peru had mastered the smelting of copper ... been conjectured that the first smelting of copper may have been achieved in pottery kiln s. The development of copper smelting in the Andes, which is believed to have occurred independently of that in the Old ... evidence of copper smelting, dating from between 5500 BC and 5000 BC, has been found in Plo nik ... but eventually arsenic bearing minerals were intentionally added during smelting. citation ... to learn about tin, these were fully understood by 2000 BC. Early iron smelting Main History of ferrous metallurgy Where and how iron smelting was discovered is widely debated, and remains uncertain .... The earliest evidence to date for the bloomery smelting of iron is found at Tell Hammeh , Jordan http www.ironsmelting.net www smelting see also external link , and dates to 930 BC C14 dating ..., no evidence for the smelting of iron from ore has been attested to Egypt in any period. There is a further possibility of iron smelting and working in West Africa by 1200 BC . ref http www.homestead.com ... more details
Flash smelting lang fi Liekkisulatus is a smelting process for sulfur containing ores ref name Collins cite encyclopedia year title flash smelting encyclopedia English Collins Dictionary English Definition & Thesaurus url http dictionary.reverso.net english definitions flash 20smelting accessdate 2009 05 06 ref including chalcopyrite . The process was developed by Outokumpu in Finland and first applied at the Harjavalta plant in 1949 for smelting copper ore. ref name outokumpu Cite web url http www.outokumpu.com files Technology Documents Newlogobrochures FlashSmelting.pdf archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20110724043222 http www.outokumpu.com files Technology Documents Newlogobrochures FlashSmelting.pdf archivedate 24 Jul 2011 title Outokumpu Flash Smelting publisher Outokumpu page 2 format PDF accessdate 2009 05 06 ref ref Cite journal title Flash smelting and converting furnaces A 50 year retrospect author Ilkka V. Kojo, Ari Jokilaakso and Pekka Hanniala url http www.springerlink.com content y404k115753gn019 journal JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society publisher Springer Boston ISSN 1047 4838 issue 2 volume 52 date February, 2000 doi 10.1007 s11837 000 0049 5 pages 57 61 ref It has also been adapted for nickel and lead production. ref name outokumpu The process uses the autogenic principle by using the energy contained in the sulfur and iron for melting the ore. ref name kansallisbiografia Cite web url http www.kansallisbiografia.fi english ?id 1532 title Bryk, Petri 1913 1977 author Tuomo S rkikoski work Kansallisbiografia language Finnish accessdate 2009 05 06 ref In the process dried and powdered ore is discharged from a nozzle into a fluidized bed reactor fed with oxygen. The reduced metal melts, and drops to the bottom of a settling chamber. The flotation produces a large effective surface area of fine grained concentrate particles. ref name kansallisbiografia The process makes smelting more energy efficient and environmentally friendly ... more details
unreferenced date August 2007 Image Point henry smelter australia.jpg thumb 450px Overview of the Point Henry smelter, operated by Alcoa World Alumina and Chemicals in Australia Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide alumina , generally by the Hall H roult process . Alumina is extracted from the ore Bauxite by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery. This is an Electrolysis electrolytic process, so an aluminium smelting smelter uses prodigious amounts of electricity they tend to be located very close to large power stations, often hydroelectric power plant hydro electric ones, and near ports since almost all of them use imported alumina. Layout of an aluminium smelter An aluminium smelter consists of a large number of pots, steel containers lined with carbon, in which the electrolysis takes place smelting is run as a batch process, with the aluminium metal deposited at the bottom of the pots and periodically siphoned off. Power must be constantly available, since the pots have to be repaired at significant cost if the liquid metal solidifies. The anode s are made of carbon, generally derived from Anthracite and pitch. A typical smelter contains anywhere from 300 to 720 pots, each of which produces about a ton of aluminium a day, though the largest proposed smelters are up to five times that capacity. Environmental issues of aluminium smelters The process produces a quantity of fluoride waste perfluorocarbons and hydrogen fluoride as gases, and sodium fluoride sodium and aluminium fluoride s and unused cryolite as particulates. This can be as small as 0.5 kg per ton of aluminium in the best plants in 2007, up to 4 kg per ton of aluminium in older designs in 1974. Unless carefully controlled, these fluorides tend to be very toxic to vegetation around the plants. The Soderburgh process which bakes the Anthracite pitch mix as the anode is consumed, produces significant emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon s a ... more details
Image Zinc smelting flowchart.png thumb 400px The top path is the pyrometallurgical process of smelting zinc and the bottom path is the electrolytic process. Zinc smelting is the process of converting zinc concentrates ores that contain zinc into pure zinc. The most common zinc concentrate processed is zinc sulfide , ref name epa Citation title Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors publisher U.S. Environmental Protection Agency year 1995 volume 1 url http www.epa.gov ttn chief ap42 ch12 bgdocs b12s07.pdf archiveurl http www.webcitation.org 5noFIHaGz archivedate 2010 02 25 . ref which is obtained by concentrating sphalerite using the froth flotation method. Secondary recycled zinc material, such as zinc oxide, is also processed with the zinc sulfide. ref name nyrstar Citation title Zinc Smelting Process url http www.nyrstar.com nyrstar en products productionprocess accessdate 2008 04 13 . ref Approximately 30 of all zinc produced is from recycled sources. ref Citation title Zinc ... Systems Approach.pdf . ref There are two methods of smelting zinc the pyrometallurgical process ... for approximately one third of all the energy usage when smelting zinc. ref name nyrstar There are two ... Smelting Corporation at Avonmouth , England, in order to increase production, increase efficiency ... was licensed to the Imperial Smelting Company ISC , in Avonmouth, England, which had a large vertical ... by the company s Imperial Smelting Furnace ISF plant. The VR plant was demolished in 1975. Belgian ... no archaeological evidence of this has been found. Smelting is thought to have been done in sealed ... However, zinc smelting continued in this area until 1880. ref name grissom26 class wikitable style ... Copper Company , at Anaconda, Montana Anaconda , Montana , and the Consolidated Mining and Smelting ... The blast furnace process was developed starting in 1943 at Avonmouth, England by the Imperial Smelting ... 241 in Craddock 1998. ref References Commons category Zinc smelting reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Zinc Smelting ... more details
Infobox NRHP name Buffalo Smelting Works nrhp type image Buffalo Smelting Works Jul 11.JPG caption Buffalo Smelting Works, July 2011 location 23 Austin St., Buffalo, New York lat degrees 42 lat minutes 56 lat seconds 07 lat direction N long degrees 78 long minutes 54 long seconds 14 long direction W locmapin New York area convert 9.62 acre built 1891 architect architecture Romanesque Revival added October 18, 2011 governing body Private refnum 11000738 ref name nps cite web url http www.nps.gov history nr listings 20111118.htm title National Register of Historic Places Listings date 2011 11 18 work Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties 11 07 11 through 11 10 11 publisher National Park Service ref Buffalo Smelting Works is a historic copper smelting complex located in the Black Rock, Buffalo, New York Black Rock neighborhood of Buffalo, New York Buffalo in Erie County, New York . It was built in 1891, and consists of a twinned, 2 1 2 story, brick building. It is topped by pitched roofs and clerestory clerestories . The industrial building reflects Romanesque Revival architecture Romanesque Revival design. The building is the only element left from the smelting complex originally built by the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company . The property was acquired by the American Radiator Company in 1920, and is now part of a marina. ref name nrhpinv ny cite web url http www.oprhp.state.ny.us hpimaging hp view.asp?GroupView 103772 title National Register of Historic Places Registration Buffalo Smelting Works date August 2010 accessdate 2012 02 15 author Annie Schentag and Daniel McEneny publisher New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation See also cite web url http www.oprhp.state.ny.us hpimaging hp view.asp?GroupView 103782 title Accompanying six photos ref It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. ref name nps References reflist ... Smelting Work National Register of Historic Places in New York Category Industrial buildings and structures ... more details
Image ewrsmelt.jpg thumb lright 200px Balbach Smelting and Refining Company on the Passaic River , ca. 1870 Balbach Smelting NOTE & Ampersand by historical convention Refining Company also known as Balbach and Sons Refining and Smelting Company was a smelting plant in Newark, New Jersey operating in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was the first commercial electrorefining electrolytic refinery in the United States. ref name wipo http www.wipo.int pctdb en wo.jsp?IA WO2004097075&DISPLAY DESC WO 2004 097075 METHODS & APPARATUS FOR CATHODE PLATE PRODUCTION Bot generated title ref , and until its closure in the 1920s, it was the second largest metal processing enterprise in the United States. ref name nh2 History The company president was Edward Balbach Jr. a metallurgist born in 1839 in Karlsruhe , Baden, Germany . He came to the United States in 1848 with his father Edward Balbach Sr. 1804 1890 who started the Balbach family fortune by collecting gold and silver dust from Newark jewelry shop floors, turning it into bullion. ref name nh ref name ww In 1865 Edward Balbach, Jr. patented the Balbach Process ref http books.google.com books?id XhIOAAAAYAAJ&pg RA10 PA1532&lpg RA10 PA1532&dq 22balbach process 22&source web&ots CKa 6RXOdb&sig 4pzbMw 81s2fskkBNfs2GZAQtQ ref which more efficiently separated gold and silver from lead ref name nh2 http www.newarkhistory.com riverbank.html Riverbank Park, Newark Bot generated title ref ref name nh ref name ww http books.google.com books?id 6sef9ko0po4C&pg PA34&lpg PA34&dq balbach newark&source web&ots YS4RXRyfF&sig hG9PKwj1 2D2ub JqKYOVxwR7Ng ref , which later evolved into the Parkes process ref http books.google.com books?id 6S8AAAAAMAAJ&pg PA561&lpg PA561&dq 22balbach process 22&source web&ots II52l 4Gf2&sig GUUSqUo6YnqOFZF78VANf5CLbzA ref . In 1881, the Balbachs began to manufacture copper, just in time for a boom in demand thanks to the inventions of the telegraph and telephone. ref name nh2 In 1883 the factory opened ... more details
Infobox Company name Electric Smelting and Aluminum Company logo type Private company Private genre foundation c. 1886 to 1940s founder Alfred H. Cowles, Eugene H. Cowles location city 555 Jackson Street, Lockport city , New York Lockport , New York location country United States before 1895, the Cowles Electric Smelting and Aluminum Company br Cowles Syndicate Company, Limited, Staffordshire , England location locations area served key people industry Aluminum , bronze , Silicon carbide carborundum , copper , alloy s products services revenue operating income net income owner num employees parent divisions subsid slogan homepage footnotes intl About the companies owned by the inventors of electric smelters other persons and entities named Cowles Cowles disambiguation The Electric Smelting and Aluminum Company , founded as Cowles Electric Smelting and Aluminum Company , and Cowles Syndicate Company, Limited formed in the United States and England during the mid 1880s to extract and supply valuable metals. Founded by two brothers from Ohio , the Cowles companies are remembered for producing alloy s in quantity sufficient for commerce. Their furnace s were electric arc smelting smelter s, one of the first viable methods for extracting metals. The businesses of the era dramatically increased the supply of aluminium , a plentiful resource not found in nature in pure form, and reduced ... Cowles of Cleveland, Ohio built high temperature smelting furnace s during the late 1880s in Lockport ... H. Cowles title Electric process of smelting ore for the production of alloys, bronzes, and metallic ..., Charles F. Mabery and Alfred H. Cowles title Process of electric smelting for obtaining aluminium ... what was the beginning of electrical smelting on a large scale. ref name Waldo Notes reflist 2 Further ... cite journal title The Cowles Electric Smelting Furnace pages 40 42 date February 1886 journal The Manufacturer ... Smelting Furnace pages 64 65 date March 1886 journal The Manufacturer and Builder location New ... more details
File Kosaka Raliway Oodate station track.jpg thumb The nihongo Kosaka Line Kosaka sen is Japan ese Freight rail freight only railway line in Akita Prefecture , between date Station , date, Akita date and Kosaka Station , Kosaka, Akita Kosaka . This is the only railway line nihongo Kosaka Smelting & Refining Kosaka Seiren operates, while the company s main business is chemical products. The line opened in 1908 to transport sulfuric acid , the products from the company s factory. It also had a passenger service until 1984. Basic data Distance 22.3 km 13.9 mi. Rail gauge Gauge 1,067 mm 3 ft. 6 in. Stations 3 Double track line None Electric supply Not electrified Railway signalling Token railway signalling Tablet token See also List of railway companies in Japan List of railway lines in Japan commons cat Kosaka Railway External links ja icon http www7a.biglobe.ne.jp akitetu kosaka index.html Kosaka Smelting & Refining , from http www7a.biglobe.ne.jp akitetu index.html Whistle stop tour in Akita , unofficial fansite. Category Railway lines in Japan Category Rail transport in Akita Prefecture Japan rail line stub ja ... more details
Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting & Power Company, Limited ref name NYT2 citation date March 24, 1910 newspaper The New York Times url http query.nytimes.com mem archive free pdf? r 1&res 9A06E3D91430E233A25757C2A9659C946196D6CF format PDF title Granby Consolidation Down in Anticipation of a Report ref also known as Granby Consolidated Mining & Smelting Company ref name NYT1 citation date July 19, 1922 newspaper The New York Times page Business & Finance 23 url http query.nytimes.com mem archive free pdf?res 9C05E2DD1F3CE533A2575AC1A9619C946395D6CF format PDF title Granby Copper Output in May ref , Granby Copper ref name NYT1 & Granby Mining Company Ltd ref name CIM Citation title Mineral Industries in Western Canada year 1974 pages 1 place The Tenth Commonwealth Mining and Metallurgical Congress publisher The Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy url http propertyfile.gov.bc.ca PDFTemp fileid 672.pdf ref was a publicly traded company that owned and operated the Phoenix Mine in the community of Phoenix, British Columbia Phoenix in the Boundary Country region of British Columbia , Canada ref name NYT3 citation date October 7, 1908 newspaper The New York Times page 16 url http query.nytimes.com mem archive free pdf?res 9800EED6133EE233A25754C0A9669D946997D6CF format PDF title Granby Mining Report ref in the early and mid 20th century. Formation In 1896 S. H. C. Miner , a rubber footwear manufacturer from Granby, Quebec , and mining promoter J. P. Graves of Knob Hill Mining Company and A. L. Little of Old Ironsides company Old Ironsides , formed the Miner Graves Syndicate. In 1899, they incorporated The Granby Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, Limited and, in 1901, consolidated under The Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company, Limited. ref name Minefile cite web title British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines & Petroleum Resources MINFILE No 082ESE020 url http minfile.gov.bc.ca Summary.aspx?minfilno 082ESE020 ref at the Knob Hill annual ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Black tin is the raw ore of tin , usually cassiterite , as sold by a tin mine to a smelting company. After mining, the ore has to be concentrated by a number of processes to reduce the amount of gangue it contains before it can be sold. It contrasts with white tin , which is the Refining refined , metallic tin produced after smelting. The term black tin was historically associated with tin mining in Devon and Cornwall . DEFAULTSORT Tin, Black Category Tin mining Category Mining in Cornwall Mining stub ... more details
Tamarack Osceola Smelter was a copper smelting copper smelter jointly built by the Tamarack and Osceola mining companies in 1888 in Dollar Bay, Michigan . ref Lankton, Larry. Hollowed Ground Copper Mining and Community Building on Lake Superior, 1840 1990 . http books.google.com books?id 1 Ih6nfdSkC&lpg PA90&ots k80qVn 9M5&dq 22detroit 20and 20lake 20superior 22 20smelter&pg PA40 v onepage&q&f false Google Books Page 135 ref The smelting was merged in 1891 with the Detroit and Lake Superior Company to form the Lake Superior Smelting Company . ref http quincyminer.wordpress.com 2010 03 28 the portage lake smelter tour the lake superior smelting company pt 1 ref See also Copper mining in Michigan List of Copper Country smelters Notes reflist Michigan stub mining stub coord missing Michigan Category Metallurgical facilities in Michigan Category Buildings and structures in Houghton County, Michigan ... more details
Balbach may refer to Places Balbach Valley , creek and valley in the German region of Franconia with headwaters at the Bavarian city of Oesfeld and empties 10 kilometers west at the Tauber River . Oberbalbach Upper Balbach and Unterbalbach Lower Balbach , two villages in the Balbach Valley. Balbach Smelting & Refining Company , a former metal smelting plant in Newark, New Jersey People Edward Balbach , Jr. July 4 1839 December 10 1910 , President of Balbach Smelting & Refining Company and inventor of the metallurgical Balbach Process . Louis Balbach 1896 1943 , American diver who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics George J. Balbach 1910 1996 , Justice of New York Supreme Court 1961 1986 disambig ... more details
About the fluor class of minerals the company Fluor Corp. the chemical element fluorine Unreferenced date October 2009 Fluor is any of a class of mineral s first identified by Georg Agricola , which he described as resembling Gemstone gem s, but hardness softer , readily fusibility fusible , and useful in smelting . Category Minerals Mineral stub nl fluoride ... more details
Speiss is a molten phase consisting primarily of iron arsenide that is commonly encountered in lead smelting operations. ref name samans Samans, Carl H. Engineering Metals and their Alloys , 1949 MacMillan ref References reflist Industry stub Category Metallurgical processes fr Speiss uk ... more details
The Straits Trading Company Limited is a Singapore based corporation with operations in Singapore and Malaysia , as well as various localities in Asia and Australia. Founded in 1887, the company was the result of a partnership for tin smelting between James Sword , a Scotland Scottish businessman, and Herman Muhlinghaus , a Germany German entrepreneur the Straits Trading Company was later incorporated in Singapore on 8 November 1887 with a hefty capital of S 150,000 during its days. The company eventually rose to become one of the largest tin smelters in the world, operating at tin rich deposits in the Kinta Valley and Klang Valley of then British Malaya Peninsular Malaysia . By the late 20th century, the company began diversifying into hotel and property management, and financial investment it also became a member of the Tecity Group. Mining and smelting operations that the Straits Trading Company was originally engaged in were eventually carried out by its 73 owned subsidiary, the Malaysia Smelting Corporation Berhad , a public listed company on Bursa Malaysia . External links http www.stc.com.sg Official Straits Trading Company website http www.msmelt.com Official Malaysia Smelting Corporation website Category Companies of Malaysia Category Real estate companies of Singapore Category Service companies of Singapore Asia company stub singapore stub malaysia company stub ... more details
saved book title Zinc subtitle An overview cover image Zinc sheet.jpg cover color Zinc An overview Overview Zinc Isotopes Isotopes of zinc Miscellany Compounds of zinc Zinc smelting List of countries by zinc production Zinc deficiency Category Wikipedia books on chemical elements Category Zinc Wikipedia books on elements ... more details
Other uses Matte disambiguation Unreferenced date February 2007 Matte is a term used in the field of pyrometallurgy given to the molten metal sulfide phases typically formed during smelting of copper , nickel , and other base metals. Typically, a matte is the phase in which the principal metal being extracted is recovered prior to a final reduction process usually converting metallurgy converting to produce a crude metal. Mattes may also be used to collect impurities from a metal phase, such as in the case of antimony smelting. Molten mattes are insoluble in both slag and metal phases. This insolubility, combined with differences in specific gravities between mattes, slags, and metals, allows for separation of the molten phases. Category Metallurgy science stub fr Matte m tallurgie ru uk ... more details
A Bole hill also spelt Bail hill was a place where lead was formerly smelting smelted in the open air. The bole was usually situated at or near the top of a hill where the wind was strong. Totley Bole Hill on the western fringes of Sheffield consisted of a long low wall with two shorter walls at right angles to it at each end. At the base of a bole convert 20 ft m sing on long were laid great trees called blocks. On these were laid blackwork , partly smelted ore about half a yard thick. Then came ten or twelve trees called shankards . On top of these three or four courses of fire trees were laid with fresh ore. This was ignited and burnt for about 48 hours. This smelted lead, which ran down channels provided for the purpose and was cast into sows of about 11 hundredweight . A single firing produced 16 fother s of lead about 18 ton s from 160 loads of ore about 40 tons and 30 tons of wood. Much of the ore was left incompletely smelted having become blackwork . Some of this was smelted in a foot pump blown furnace, but some was left to be used when the bole was next fired. Bole smelting was replaced by smelting in smeltmill s in the late 16th century. That was in turn replaced by smelting in cupolas, a variety of reverberatory furnace in the 18th century. Further reading D. Kiernan and Robert van de Noort, Bole smelting in Derbyshire in L. Willies and D. Cranstone eds. , Boles and Smeltmills http hist met.org Historical Metallurgy Society , 1992 , 19 21. Other articles in the same work. R. F. Tylecote, A History of Metallurgy 2nd edn, Institute of Materials, London 1992 , 90 113. Category Lead Category Metallurgy Category Metallurgical processes ... more details
Smeltmills were water powered water mill mills used to smelting smelt lead or other metals. The older method of smelting lead on wind blown bole hill s began to be superseded by artificially blown smelters. The first such furnace was built by Burchard Kranich at Makeney , Derbyshire in 1554, but produced less good lead than the older bole hill. William Humfrey the Queen s assay master , and a leading shareholder in the Company of Mineral and Battery Works introduced the ore hearth from the Mendips about 1577. This was initially blown by a foot blast, but was soon developed into a water powered smelt mill at Beauchief now a suburb of Sheffield . A typical smelt mill had an orehearth and a slaghearth, the latter being used to reprocess slags from the orehearth in order to recover further lead from the slag Further reading L. Willies, Lead ore preparation and smelting in J. Day and R. F. Tylecote, The Industrial Revolution in Metals Institute of Metals, London 1991 , 93 102. Various articles in L. Willies and D. Cranstone eds. , Boles and Smeltmills http hist met.org Historical Metallurgy Society , 1992 . M. B. Donald, Elizabethan Monolopies Oliver & Boyd Edinburgh 1961 , 142 78. See also Derbyshire lead mining history . Category Metallurgical processes Category Lead industry stub ... more details
Ross Island can refer to Ross Island , an island in Antarctica James Ross Island , an island near Antarctica Ross Island Oregon , an island in the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States Ross Island Pennsylvania , an island in the Allegheny River in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States Ross ya , an island in Norway Ross Island Andaman , an island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean Ross Island, Killarney , a lake island in south west Ireland and site of the earliest Irish copper smelting geodis de Ross Island ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2011 The Kpong Dam is the second hydroelectric power generating dam in Ghana . It is owned and operated by Volta River Authority . The dam was introduced to supplement power production from Akosombo Dam , especially for the smelting of aluminium at Volta Aluminum Company VALCO in Tema . coord missing Ghana Category Hydroelectric power stations in Ghana Category Dams in Ghana ghana struct stub Africa dam stub no Kpongdemningen ... more details
Image fayettetownsiteoverlook.jpg thumb In the foreground is Snail Shell Harbor and in the background is Sand Bay , both of which are bays of Big Bay de Noc . Big Bay de Noc is a bay in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan . The bay, which opens into Lake Michigan s Green Bay Lake Michigan Green Bay , is enclosed by Delta County, Michigan Delta County . The small Delta County settlements of Garden, Michigan Garden and Nahma, Michigan Nahma are harbors on the shore of the bay. ref name DeLorme cite book year 2002 title Michigan Atlas and Gazetteer 10th ed. publisher DeLorme location Yarmouth, Maine id page 90 ref As with the more thickly settled Little Bay de Noc , the bay s name comes from the Noquet or Noc Native Americans in the United States Native American people thought to have been related to the Menominee of the Algonquian languages Algonquian language group , who once lived along the shores. The bay is historically important for its 19th century use as a center of the Lake Michigan Smelting Later iron smelting iron smelting industry. A former smelting complex has been preserved as Fayette State Park . The state park s Snail Shell Harbor , off Big Bay de Noc, offers a harbor of refuge for small boats and yachts. A lighthouse, the Peninsula Point Light , marks the entrance of the bay. ref name DeLorme References reflist External links http www.deltafun.com Bays de Noc Convention and Visitors Bureau GNIS 1619183 Big Bay de Noc coord 45 47 N 86 42 W scale 500000 display title Category Geography of Delta County, Michigan Category Bays of Michigan Category Bays of the Great Lakes Category Lake Michigan ... more details
Spelter , while sometimes used merely as a synonym for zinc , is often used to identify a zinc alloy . In this sense it might be an alloy of equal parts copper and zinc, i.e. a brass , used for hard soldering and brazing , or as an alloy, containing lead , that is used instead of bronze . In this usage it was common for many 19th century cheap, cast articles such as candlesticks and clock cases and early 20th century Art Nouveau ornaments and Art Deco figures. The word pewter is thought to be derived from the word spelter . ref Citation last Skeat first Walter William title An etymological dictionary of the English language publisher Clarendon Press pages 438 439 year 1893 edition 2nd url http books.google.com books?id OHkKAAAAIAAJ&pg PA438 v onepage&q&f false . ref Zinc ingots formed by Zinc smelting smelting might also be termed spelter. See also wiktionarypar French Bronze Latten References Reflist Category Zinc Category Zinc alloys Industry stub ... more details
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