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Encyclopedia results for Solid state physics

Solid state physics





Encyclopedia results for Solid state physics

  1. Physics of the Solid State

    Infobox journal title Physics of the Solid State cover File PhysSolidStateCover.jpg discipline Physics peer reviewed abbreviation Phys. Solid State impact 0.721 impact year 2009 editor A.A. Kaplyanskii website http www.maik.ru cgi bin journal.pl?name physsost&page main publisher Pleiades Publishing country history frequency monthly formernames Soviet Physics Solid State ISSN 1063 7834 eISSN 1090 6460 CODEN PSOSED LCCN OCLC 35364153 Physics of the Solid State is a peer reviewed academic journal that publishes articles from researchers based at the Russian Academy of Sciences and other leading institutions in Russia. The journal is published by Pleiades Publishing and the online version is provided by the publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer . Scope Articles published in the journal cover research from all areas of solid state physics including solid state optics, solid state acoustics, electronic and vibrational spectra, phase transition, ferroelectricity , magnetism , and superconductivity . Abstracting and indexing Physics of the Solid State is abstracted and indexed in the following databases Academic OneFile Academic Search Astrophysics Data System ADS EBSCO INSPEC International Bibliography of Periodical Literature IBZ Journal Citation Reports Chemical Abstracts Service CASSI Science Citation Index Web of Science Scopus External links Official http www.springer.com materials journal 11451 Springer http www.maik.ru cgi bin journal.pl?name physsost&page main Pleiades Publishing Journal website Category Physics journals Category Springer academic journals Category English language journals Category Monthly journals ...   more details



  1. Solid State Physics Laboratory

    Primary sources date March 2008 Infobox Laboratory name Solid State Physics Laboratory motto logo image established 1962 city Delhi research field type director Dr. R. Murlitharan staff budget operating agency DRDO affiliations address Lucknow Road, Timarpur, br Delhi 110 054 telephone campus website http www.drdo.nic.in labs ecs sspl index.shtml SSPL Home Page footnotes Solid State Physics Laboratory SSPL is a laboratory under the Defence Research & Development Organization DRDO . Located in Delhi its primary function is research in the field of Solid State Materials, Devices and Sub systems. Their activities include development of semi conductor materials, solid state devices, electronic components sub systems and investigation of solid state materials devices for futuristic defence applications. ref cite web url http www.drdo.org labs sspl index.html title Solid State Physics Laboratory accessdate 2008 02 08 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20080131205958 http www.drdo.org labs sspl index.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2008 01 31 ref References reflist External links http www.iit.org DRDO DRDO Laboratories Category Defence Research and Development Organisation laboratories Category Research institutes in India Category Organisations based in Delhi sci org stub ...   more details



  1. Solid-state physics

    Solid state physics is the study of rigid matter , or solid s, through methods such as quantum mechanics ... physics . Solid state physics studies how the large scale properties of solid materials result from their atom ic scale properties. Thus, solid state physics forms the theoretical basis of materials ... metal s and ordinary Ice water ice or irregularly an amorphous solid such as common window glass . The bulk of solid state physics theory and research is focused on crystal s. Primarily, this is because ... by solid state physics. An early model of electrical conduction was the Drude model , which applied ..., without which most solid state physics analysis would be intractable. Deviations from periodicity ... research in solid state physics portal Physics Current research topics in solid state physics include Strongly correlated material s Quasicrystal s Spin glass References commonscat Solid state physics Neil W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin , Solid State Physics Harcourt publisher Harcourt Orlando, 1976 . Charles Kittel , Introduction to Solid State Physics Wiley New York, 2004 . H. M. Rosenberg, The Solid State Oxford University Press Oxford, 1995 . Out of the Crystal Maze. Chapters from the History of Solid State Physics , ed. Lillian Hoddeson, Ernest Braun, J rgen Teichmann, Spencer Weart Oxford Oxford University Press, 1992 . M. A. Omar, Elementary Solid State Physics Revised Printing ... s. Background Solid materials are formed from densely packed atoms, which interact intensely. These interactions produce the mechanical e.g. hardness and Elasticity physics elasticity , Heat ... bond ing. Finally, the noble gases do not undergo any of these types of bonding. In solid form ... charge cloud on each atom. The differences between the types of solid result from the differences ... of the individual crystals in a crystalline solid material vary depending on the material involved and the conditions ... the lattice Specific heat capacity heat capacity of a solid, as in the Einstein solid Einstein ...   more details



  1. Institute of Solid State Physics

    File ISSPbuilding.jpg thumb Main Building of the Institute of Solid State Physics Institute of Solid State Physics is one of the physical institutes at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences . It provides scientific background of the solid state electronics and optics in Bulgaria. Some reports ref cite web ... thumb International School of Condense Matter physics History Decree No 362 of 16 October 1972 by the Ministry Council of Bulgaria established the Institute of Solid State Physics as a successor of the Institute of Physics with Atomic Scientific Experimental Base at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , founded by Georgi Nadjakov in 1946. Since 16 February 1982 the Institute of Solid State Physics accepted the name Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics . br br Milko Borissov ref cite web ... of Solid State Physics 1973 1991 . br Nikolay Kirov, professor, D.Sc. is the second Institute ... museum, started by a decision of the Board of Directors of the Institute of Solid State Physics ... are the devision in the Institute of Solid State Physics. Laboratories The Institute of Solid State ... Lab ref was established at the Institute for Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences ... is established at the Institute for Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences by Eugene ... lasers ref Jubilee Collection. 30th Anniversary of the Institute of Solid State Physics 1972 2002 , Edited by A. G. Petrov, ISSP, Sofia 2002 ref was established at the Institute for Solid State Physics ... Bulgarian Academy of Sciences http www.issp.bas.bg Institute of Solid State Physics http www.issp.bas.bg ... since 1999 . Museum The Museum on the History of Physics in Bulgaria emerged in the early 1980s, when in the Institute of Solid State Physics under the guidance of Milko Borissov began documentary research on the history of physics in Bulgaria. He works with Christina Stoycheva, Penka Lazarova, and Marko ... from 12 to 30 November 1987. Since 2000 the Georgi Nadjakov s Museum become Museum on History of Physics ...   more details



  1. Computational chemical methods in solid-state physics

    Computational chemical methods in solid state physics follow the same approach as they do for molecules, but with two differences. First, the translational symmetry of the solid has to be utilised, and second, it is possible to use completely delocalised basis functions such as plane waves as an alternative to the molecular atom centered basis set chemistry basis functions . The electronic structure of a crystal is in general described by a band structure , which defines the energies of electron orbitals for each point in the Brillouin zone . Ab initio and semi empirical calculations yield orbital energies, therefore they can be applied to band structure calculations. Since it is time consuming to calculate the energy for a molecule, it is even more time consuming to calculate them for the entire list of points in the Brillouin zone. Calculations can use the Hartree&ndash Fock method, some post Hartree&ndash Fock methods, particularly M ller&ndash Plesset perturbation theory to second order MP2 and density functional theory DFT . See also List of quantum chemistry and solid state physics software References Computational Chemistry , David Young, Wiley Interscience, 2001. Chapter 41, pg 318. The extensive references in that chapter provide further reading on this topic. Computational Chemistry and molecular modeling Principles and applications ,K.I.Ramachandran, G.Deepa and Krishnan namboori P.K., http www.amrita.edu cen ccmm Springer Verlag GmbH ISBN 978 3 540 77302 3 chem stub physics stub Category Computational chemistry Category Theoretical chemistry Category Computational science Category Condensed matter physics ar fr Chimie num rique M thodes de chimie num rique dans les syst mes solides ...   more details



  1. Effective mass (solid-state physics)

    In solid state physics , a particle s effective mass is the mass it seems to carry in the semiclassical model of transport in a crystal . It can be shown that electron s and electron hole holes in a crystal respond to electric field electric and magnetic field s almost as if they were particles with a mass dependence in their direction of travel, an effective mass tensor . ref name Kittel0 cite book title Introduction to Solid State Physics author Charles Kittel page Eq. 29, p. 210 year 1996 edition 7th Edition url http books.google.com books?as isbn 0471111813 publisher Wiley isbn 0 471 11181 3 ref In a simplified picture that ignores crystal anisotropies, they behave as free particles in a vacuum, but with a different mass. This mass is usually stated in units of the ordinary mass of an electron m sub e sub 9.11× 10 small sup 31 sup small kg . In these units it is usually in the range 0.01 to 10, but can also be lower or higher, for example reaching 1000 in exotic heavy fermion materials, and reaching 0 at the so called Dirac points in graphene . The effective mass has important effects on the properties of a solid, including everything from the efficiency of a solar cell to the speed of an integrated circuit. Image Silicon conduction band ellipsoids.JPG thumb 250px Constant energy ellipsoids in silicon near the six conduction band minima. The longitudinal and transverse effective masses are m sub sub 0.92 m and m sub t sub 0.19 m with m the free electron mass. ref name Kittel1 cite book author Charles Kittel title op. cit. page 216 isbn 0 471 11181 3 ref Definition When an electron is moving inside a solid material, the force between other atoms will affect its movement and it will not be described by Newton s law. So we introduce the concept of effective mass ... mass m sub e sub ref S.Z. Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, ISBN 0 471 05661 8. ref ref W.A. Harrison ... NSM archive Category Condensed matter physics Category Mass ca Massa efectiva cs Efektivn hmotnost ...   more details



  1. List of quantum chemistry and solid-state physics software

    Computational chemical methods in solid state physics Solid state system programs with periodic boundary ... Quantum Chemistry And Solid State Physics Software Category Density functional theory Category Computational chemistry software Category Molecular modelling software Category Physics software Category ...   more details



  1. Solid state

    Solid state may refer to In science Solid state chemistry Solid state physics Solid state laser Solid matter In electronics Solid state electronics , circuits built of solid materials Solid state fan Solid state relay , an electronic switch built of solid materials Solid state drive , data storage device components that uses memory chips, such as SDRAMs, to store data Solid state ionics is the study of solid electrolytes In music Solid State Survivor , a 1979 album by the Japanese band Yellow Magic Orchestra Solid State Records , a Christian Metal Metalcore label Solid State Records jazz label Solid State, a Liquid Funk group featuring DJ Dextrous Solid State , a song by Combustible Edison from their 1996 album Schizophonic Combustible Edison album Schizophonic disambig ko nl Solid state ...   more details



  1. Solid-state (electronics)

    Sydney Blakemore, Solid state physics , pp.1 3, Cambridge University Press, 1985 ISBN 0521313910. ref ...NOTOC Other uses Solid state disambiguation Solid state electronics are those circuits or devices built entirely from solid materials and in which the electron s, or other charge carrier s, are confined entirely within the solid material. ref Martin H. Weik, Fiber optics standard dictionary , p.937, Birkh user, 1997 ISBN 0412122413. ref The term is often used to contrast with the earlier technologies of vacuum tube vacuum and gas discharge tube devices and it is also conventional to exclude electro mechanical devices relay s, Switchgear switches , hard drive s and other devices with moving parts from the term solid state. ref Lawrence J. Kamm, Understanding electro mechanical engineering ,p.174 ..., McGraw Hill Professional, 1998 ISBN 0070596301. ref While solid state can include crystalline , polycrystalline ..., 2003 ISBN 0072505036. ref Common solid state devices include transistor s, microprocessor chips, and DRAM . DRAM devices are used in computers , flash drives and more recently, solid state ... of solid state devices. In a solid state component, the Electric current current is confined to solid ... charge carriers. For data storage, solid state devices are much faster and more reliable but are usually more expensive. Although solid state costs continually drop, disks, tapes, and optical disk s also continue to improve their cost performance ratio. The first solid state device was the cat s whisker ... with a solid crystal such as a germanium crystal in order to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. ref http encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com solid state Solid state , The Free Dictionary ref The solid state device came into its own with the invention of the transistor in 1947 ... title Netbook Trends and Solid State Technology Forecast publisher pricegrabber.com pages 7 url https ... 01 28 Category Electronics terms Category Semiconductors de Solid State Elektronik fa ...   more details



  1. Solid-state lighting

    Image E27 with 38 LCD.JPG thumb 200px LED lamp with E27 Edison screw . Solid state lighting SSL refers to a type of lighting that uses light emitting diode semiconductor light emitting diode s LEDs , organic light emitting diode s OLED , or polymer light emitting diode s PLED as sources of illumination rather than electrical filament s, Plasma physics plasma used in arc lamps such as fluorescent lamps , or gas lighting gas . The term Solid state electronics solid state refers commonly to light emitted by solid state electroluminescence, as opposed to incandescent bulbs which use thermal radiation or fluorescent tubes. Compared to incandescent lighting, SSL creates visible light with reduced heat generation or parasitic energy dissipation. Most common white LEDs convert blue light from a solid state device to an approximate white light spectrum using photoluminescence, the same principle used in conventional fluorescent tubes. The typically small mass of a solid state electronic lighting device provides for greater resistance to shock and vibration compared to brittle glass tubes bulbs ... life life span of the illumination device. Solid state lighting is often used in traffic light ... California Sustainability Alliance Solid State Lighting , Received July 24th, 2010 ref See also ... category LED lamps http ssl.iea 4e.org Solid State Lighting, International Energy Agency research project http www.netl.doe.gov ssl strategy.html DOE SSL roadmap http www.solidstatelighting.org Solid State Lighting.org http scitation.aip.org journals doc PHTOAD ft vol 54 iss 12 42 1.shtml The Promise and Challenge of Solid State Lighting http www.lrc.rpi.edu programs solidstate index.asp Lighting Research Center Solid State Lighting Program http www.olla project.org OLLA finished European academic ... d estat s lid de Solid State Lighting es Iluminaci n de estado s lido ko id Lampu padat nl Solid state lighting ru zh ...   more details



  1. Solid State Communications

    Infobox Journal title Solid State Communications cover editor discipline language English language English abbreviation publisher Elsevier country USA frequency history openaccess license impact 1.979 impact year 2010 website http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 230 description link1 link1 name link2 link2 name RSS atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 0038 1098 eISSN Solid State Communications is scientific journal publishished by Elsevier since 1962, specialised in short papers on significant developments in the condensed matter science. Category Optics journals Optical Society of America A, Journal of physics journal stub ...   more details



  1. Solid state dye lasers

    Solid state dye laser s SSDL were introduced in 1967 by Soffer and McFarland. ref cite journal doi 10.1063 ... B. H. last2 McFarland first2 B. B. journal Applied Physics Letters volume 10 pages 266 bibcode 1967ApPhL..10..266S issue 10 ref In these solid state laser s, the gain medium is a laser dye doped ... used rhodamine 6G doped PMMA. These lasers are also referred to as solid state organic lasers and solid state dye doped polymer lasers. Gain media In the 1990s, new forms of improved PMMA, such as modified ... 10.1364 AO.34.001516 title Solid state dye laser with modified poly methyl methacrylate doped active ... century, and various new dye doped solid state organic matrices have been discovered. Notable ... journal doi 10.1364 OL.28.002088 pmid 14587824 title Tunable solid state lasers incorporating dye ..., I. Sastre, R. chapter Solid state dye lasers pages http www.opticsjournal.com tla.htm 97 120 ref ref ... form of organic inorganic dye doped solid state laser gain media are the ormosil ORMOSILs . ref name D1994 ref name TLA4 High performance solid state dye laser oscillators This improved gain medium was central to the demonstration of the first tunable narrow linewidth solid state dye multiple ... doi 10.1364 AO.33.003857 pmid 20935726 title Solid state multiple prism grating dye laser oscillators ... prism grating solid state dye laser oscillator optimized architecture year 1999 last1 Duarte first1 ... 222696 8 oclc doi accessdate author Duarte, F. J. chapter The physics of multiple prism optics pages http www.opticsjournal.com tlo.htm 57 74 ref Distributed feedback and waveguide solid state dye lasers Additional developments in solid state dye lasers were demonstrated with the introduction of Distributed ... title Efficient distributed feedback solid state dye laser with a dynamic grating year 1999 ... papers on solid state dye laser oscillators DEFAULTSORT Solid State Dye Lasers Category Laser types ... first4 T. G. journal Applied Physics B volume 69 issue 2 pages 163 169 bibcode 1999ApPhB..69..163W ...   more details



  1. Solid state records

    Solid state records can refer to Solid State Records , American Christian hardcore metal record label founded in the late 1990s Solid State Records jazz label , American jazz record label founded in the mid 1960s and later acquired by United Artists Blue Note disambiguation ...   more details



  1. Solid-state ionics

    Solid state ionics is the study of solid electrolytes and their uses. Some materials that fall into this category include inorganic crystalline and polycrystalline solids, ceramics, glasses, polymers, and composites. Solid state ionic devices, such as solid oxide fuel cell s can be much more reliable and long lasting, especially under harsh conditions, than comparable devices with fluid electrolytes. ref http ebooks.worldscinet.com ISBN 9789812702586 9789812702586.shtml Solid State Ionics The Science and Technology of Ions in Motion ref Current research in solid state ionics includes primary and appllications research in Asia and largely automotive industry driven research in the United States and Europe. Some applications research in America is being underwritten by the United States Department of Defense Department of Defense . References Reflist Category Electrochemistry sci stub it Ionica dello stato solido ...   more details



  1. Solid-state chemistry

    the fine line that hardly separates solid state chemistry from solid state physics. Optical properties ...Solid state chemistry, also sometimes referred to as materials chemistry , is the study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of solid phase materials, particularly, but not necessarily exclusively of, non molecular solids. It therefore has a strong overlap with solid state physics , mineralogy , crystallography , ceramic s, metallurgy , thermodynamics , materials science and electronics with a focus on the synthesis of novel materials and their characterization. History Because of its direct relevance to products of commerce, solid state inorganic chemistry has been strongly driven by technology. Progress in the field has often been fueled by the demands of industry, well ahead of purely ... understanding of how reactions proceed at the atomic level in the solid state was advanced considerably .... Because of this, he has sometimes been referred to as the father of solid state chemistry . ref For a historical ... version available http bdr.u paris10.fr sid ref Synthetic methods Given the diversity of solid state compounds, an equally diverse array of methods ref Chapter 2 of Solid state chemistry and its ... studied. Some solid state reactions already proceed at temperatures as low as 100 C. Melt ... solid compounds or to solid solutions between known ones. A prime method to characterize the reaction products is powder diffraction , because many solid state reactions will produce polycristalline .... Further characterization In many but certainly not all cases new solid compounds are further characterized ref cf. Chapter 2 of New directions in Solid State Chemistry . C.N.R. Rao and J ... External links http web.mit.edu 3.091 www videos.htm 3.091 , Introduction to Solid State Chemistry BranchesofChemistry DEFAULTSORT Solid State Chemistry Category Solid state chemistry ar ... do estado s lido ru simple Solid state chemistry uk ...   more details



  1. Solid-state laser

    A solid state laser is a laser that uses a active laser medium gain medium that is a solid , rather than a liquid such as in dye laser s or a gas as in gas laser s. Semiconductor based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from solid state lasers see Laser diode . Solid state media Further2 List of laser types Solid state lasers List of laser types Generally, the active medium of a solid state laser consists of a glass or crystal line host material to which is added a dopant such as neodymium , chromium , erbium , or ytterbium . Many of the common ... of solid state media in which laser action has been achieved, but relatively few types are in widespread ... title Continuous solid state laser operation revealed by BTL page 74 url http www.gravityassist.com IAF3 1 Ref. 203 49.pdf ref Some solid state lasers can also be tunable using several intracavity ... metal solid state lasers, in Tunable Lasers Handbook , F. J. Duarte Ed. Academic, New York ... and higher laser damage threshold damage threshold . Pumping Further2 Laser pumping Solid state lasing ... diode s. Diode pumped solid state laser s tend to be much more efficient, and have become ... of solid state lasers has wide applications as large energy ultra short pulses can be obtained ... have been achieved. ref name han Applications Expand section date June 2008 Solid state lasers ... 2008 11 14 ref In April 2011 the United States Navy tested a high energy solid state laser. The exact ... Solid state dye lasers Soliton Vector soliton Dissipative soliton Notes and references reflist 2 cite book author Koechner, Walter title Solid State Laser Engineering publisher Springer year 1999 edition 5th isbn 3 540 65064 4 Use dmy dates date January 2011 DEFAULTSORT Solid state laser Category Solid state lasers ca L ser d estat s lid de Festk rperlaser it Laser a stato solido kk ... mode locker journal Applied Physics Letters volume 95 page P141103 url http www3.ntu.edu.sg ...   more details



  1. Solid State Records

    This article is about the metal subdivison of Tooth & Nail Records for the 1960s jazz label see Solid State Records jazz label infobox record label name Solid State Records image Image Solidstaterecordslogo.png center 100px image bg white parent Tooth & Nail Records founded 1997 founder Brandon Ebel distributor EMI Christian Music Group genre Metalcore , post hardcore , Christian metal , Christian hardcore country US location url URL http www.solidstaterecords.com Solid State Records is a Christian music Christian record label , an imprint of Tooth & Nail Records . Unlike Tooth & Nail, Solid State signs hardcore and metal bands. ref cite web url http www.solidstaterecords.com about title About publisher Solid State Records date accessdate 2012 02 23 ref Like Tooth & Nail, Solid State is primarily a Christian label. However, they have signed several bands with Christian members that don t label themselves as Christian bands, including Stretch Arm Strong , ref cite web url http www.punknews.org article 7594 title Stretch Arm Strong publisher Punknews.org date accessdate 2012 02 23 ref Gwen Stacy band Gwen Stacy , ref http goawayjakedenning.tumblr.com post 862212738 gwenstacy dead link date February 2012 ref He Is Legend , ref cite web url http www.absolutepunk.net showthread.php?t 172787 title He Is Legend 09.20.06 Interview publisher AbsolutePunk.net date accessdate 2012 02 23 ref The Famine , ref cite web url http www.buzzgrinder.com 2011 the famine interview part 2 title Interview ... Noisecreep date 2010 03 19 accessdate 2012 02 23 ref Current Solid State artists As They Sleep ... of Wolves Underoath Wolves at the Gate Former Solid State bands Active The Ascendicate Unsigned Blindside ... record labels Category Heavy metal record labels Category Christian hardcore de Solid State Records es Solid State Records fr Solid State Records it Solid State Records no Solid State Records pl Solid State Records pt Solid State Records sv Solid State Records ...   more details



  1. Solid-state relay

    A solid state relay SSR is an electronic switching device in which a small control signal controls a larger load current or voltage. It consists of a sensor which responds to an appropriate input control signal , a solid state electronic switching device which switches power to the load circuitry, and some coupling mechanism to enable the control signal to activate this switch without mechanical parts. The relay may be designed to switch either AC or DC to the load. It serves the same function as an electromechanical relay , but has no moving parts . Coupling The control signal must be coupled to the controlled circuit in a way which isolates the two circuits electrically. Image SolidStateRelay Diagram.svg thumb right Bi directional solid state relay with opto isolation. Many SSRs use optical coupling. The control voltage energizes an LED which illuminates and switches on a photodiode photo sensitive diode photo voltaic the diode current turns on a back to back thyristor , silicon controlled rectifier silicon controlled rectifier , or MOSFET to switch the load. The optical coupling allows ... advantages of solid state and electromechanical relays are common to all solid state as against ... due to the presence of Body diode More likely to fail in the closed state compared to electromechanical relays which are more likely to fail in the open state fact date November 2011 Images Solid state relays valign center Image Solid state relay.jpg thumb 120x120px valign center Image Solid state ... solid state relay terminology.htm Solid state relay glossary of terminology http zone.ni.com devzone cda tut p id 4125 National Instruments Solid State Relays Roy Mankovitz Solid State Relay Inventor and Early Patents DEFAULTSORT Solid State Relay Category Solid state switches Category Relay switches cs Solid state rel fr Contacteur statique ko hu Szil rdtest rel nl Halfgeleiderrelais ... load must observe polarity and not interchangeable to avoid an undesirable always conducting state ...   more details



  1. UNIVAC Solid State

    The UNIVAC Solid State was a magnetic drum based solid state electronics solid state computer announced by Sperry Rand in December 1958 as a response to the IBM 650 . It was one of the first computers to be entirely solid state, using 700 transistor s, and 3000 magnetic amplifier s FERRACTOR for primary logic, and 20 vacuum tube s largely for power control. It came in two versions, the Solid State 80 IBM style 80 column cards and the Solid State 90 Remington Rand 90 column cards . The system was based on 10 digit words using bi quinary coded decimal computer like the 650 . Instructions were in two address format. Storage was provided by a 5000 word drum spinning at 17,667 RPM in a helium atmosphere. The system used a clock derived from a timing band recorded on the main storage drum. This signal was read and amplified, processed and sent to the driver tubes, a pair of 6146 power pentode output tubes. The output from these tubes then fed the main clock power amplifier consisting of six 4CX250B metal ceramic power tetrode tubes running in push pull parallel, yielding an output of a kilowatt. The SS80 90 computer could be heard quite clearly in the AM broadcast band at 707  kHz and 1414  kHz. The 4CX250B Tetrodes used a grounded plate anode due to forced aircooling requirements. Interestingly, this tube is still in demand by amateur radio operators. The power supply output was 1.6 kV for cathode supply and 800 V screen grid supply at 1.8 A capacity. The supply weighed nearly 100 pounds and was mounted at the very top of the power supply stack. The line printer Line Printer ran at 600 lines per minute, using a continuously rotating print drum technology, with letters, figures and punctuation marks distributed around the drum at each column. 132 solenoid operated flat ... revised 1999 The UNIVAC Solid State Computer http www.bitsavers.org pdf univac uss Univac Solid State Manuals and documentation Category UNIVAC mainframe computers Solid State Category Transistorized ...   more details



  1. Solid-state reaction route

    orphan date September 2010 The solid state reaction route is the most widely used method for the preparation of polycrystalline solid s from a mixture of solid starting materials. Solids do not Chemical reaction react together at room temperature over normal time scales and it is necessary to heat them to much higher temperatures, often to 1000 to 1500 sup 0 sup C in order for the reaction to occur at an appreciable rate. The factors on which the feasibility and rate of a solid state reaction include, reaction conditions, structural properties of the reactants, surface area of the solids, their Reactivity chemistry reactivity and the thermodynamic free energy change associated with the reaction. ref Solid State Chemistry and its Applications , Anthony R. West, Wiley and Sons, 2005 ref ref Preparative methods in Solid State Chemistry , B. Gerand, G. Nowogrocki, J. Guenot, M. Figlarz, Academic press ref Outline of the experimental procedure Reagents These are the solid reactants from which it is proposed to prepare a solid crystalline compound. The selection of reactant chemicals depends on the reaction conditions and expected nature of the product. The reactants are dried thoroughly prior to weighing. As increase in surface area enhances the reaction rate, fine grained materials should be used if possible. Mixing After the reactants have been weighed out in the required amounts, they are mixed. For manual mixing of small quantities, usually an agate mortar and pestle are employed. Sufficient amount of some Volatile organic compound volatile organic liquid preferably acetone or alcohol is added to the mixture to aid homogenization. This forms a paste which is mixed thoroughly. During the process of grinding and mixing, the organic liquid gradually volatilizes and has usually evaporated completely after 10 to 15 minutes. For quantities much larger than 20g, mechanical mixing is usually adopted using a ball mill and the process may take several hours. Container material ...   more details



  1. Solid State Rhyme

    Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Solid State Rhyme Type Album Artist Johnny Diesel Diesel Cover Released 1995 Recorded 1994 Genre Hard rock Length 47 53 Label EMI Records EMI Producer Diesel and Craig Porteils Reviews Last album The Lobbyist 1992 This album Solid State Rhyme br 1995 Next album Short Cool Ones Diesel album Short Cool Ones br 1996 This is an album by the Australian solo artist Johnny Diesel Mark Lizotte with 13 tracks, released in 1995. Track listing Chill Pill Get It On Love Again All Come Together Diesel Davies You Sacred Cow Make It Right Still Thinking About Your Love 15 Feet Of Snow Come If You Dare Bad Seed Blur Time All tracks written by Diesel except where stated. Personnel Category 1995 albums Category Johnny Diesel albums ...   more details



  1. Solid-state fan

    A solid state fan is a device used to produce an airflow with no moving parts . Such a device may use the principle of electro aerodynamic pumping , which is based on corona discharge . It has advantages over mechanical fans such as that it is noiseless and more reliable. Electro aerodynamic pumping is based on corona discharge which is the underlying technology in many consumer and industrial products, from silent household air purifiers and photocopiers to electrostatic precipitators and some lasers. It involves application of a voltage difference between two electrodes a geometrically sharp electrode and a blunt electrode. This creates an intense electric field in the region near the sharp electrode and breaks down the air locally. Ions produced in this discharge are attracted to the distant blunt electrode. As they traverse the gap between the electrodes, the ions collide with neutral air molecules creating a body force and a pressure head in the air. This pressure head causes the desired air flow. ref http www.ehomeupgrade.com 2008 03 24 cutting edge thorrn micro techologies solid state cpu cooling fan ref References references references Category Cooling technology tech stub ...   more details



  1. Solid-state fermentation

    October 2011 Solid State Fermentation S.S.F is a bio molecule manufacturing process used in the food ... for industrial purposes on a global scale. Historical Review Solid State Fermentation has existed .... Therefore, solid state fermentation enables the optimal development of filamentous fungi allowing the mycelium to spread on the surface of solid compounds in between which air can flow. One of the characteristics of solid state fermentation is that it is composed of culture substrates with low water ... filamentous fungi using solid state fermentation allow the reproduction of their natural environment in the best possible way. Solid state fermentation consists in seeding a medium that is saturated ..., compared to submerged fermentation processes, the solid state fermentation process is then very .... In most cases, solid state fermentation does not require a completely sterile environment as the initial ... of many foods requires solid state fermentation. This is, for instance, the case for fermented ..., pectin or even a number of proteins which are difficult to digest. Solid state fermentation is particularly ... brewing and distilling Hemicellulases Conclusion and Outlook Liquid, submerged and solid state ... criteria generate new perspectives for solid state fermentation. Indeed solid state fermentation ... amount of companies use solid state fermentation for the production of enzymatic complexes. Such companies ... Pectinase Cellulase References 1. Pandey A, Solid state fermentation , in Biochem. Eng. J., vol. 13 Issues 2 3, March 2003 p.  81?84 2. Durand A, Bioreactor designs for solid state fermentation ... A, Recent Advances in solid state fermentation , in Biochem. Eng. J., vol. 44 Issues 1 April ... generated by micro organisms grown on a solid support selected for this purpose. This technology for the culture .... This process consists in depositing a solid culture substrate such as rice or wheat bran on flatbeds ... days. Processes Liquid state Fermentation is performed all over the world, in tanks, which, at an industrial ...   more details



  1. Solid State Warrior

    Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Solid State Warrior Type Album Artist Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. Cover Roger Joseph Manning Jr Solid State Warrior.jpg Released March 2, 2006 Recorded Genre Power pop Length 48 07 Label Pony Canyon Producer Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r831654 pure url yes link HighBias.com http www.highbias.com reviews 20050410 long3.html link Last album This album Solid State Warrior br 2006 Next album Land of Pure Imagination, The The Land of Pure Imagination br 2006 Misc Extra album cover Upper caption CD booklet cover Type studio Cover Roger Joseph Manning Jr Solid State Warrior Booklet Cover .jpg Lower caption Extra album cover Upper caption Weedshare cover Type studio Cover Roger Joseph Manning Jr Solid State Warrior Weedshare Cover .jpg Lower caption Solid State Warrior is the debut album by Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. , a Compact Disc CD available only in Japan which was released on March 2, 2006. The album had previously been available online through the now defunct Weedshare music distribution service, being released on March 28, 2005. Track listing CD PCCY 01764 All songs written by Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. The Land Of Pure Imagination 6 01 Too Late For Us Now 3 23 Wish It Would Rain 5 42 The Loser 3 36 Sandman 3 35 What You Don t Know About The Girl 2 49 Dragonfly 5 20 Creeple People 5 28 Sleep Children 2 47 You Were Right 5 42 Til We Meet Again 3 44 Personnel Musicians Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. music and Singer lyrics Production Record producer Produced by Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. Audio mixing recorded music Mixed and Audio mastering mastered by John Paterno Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. Category 2006 debut albums Category Roger Joseph Manning, Jr. albums ...   more details



  1. Solid-state battery

    In solid state ionics , a solid state battery is a battery electricity battery that has both solid electrodes and Fast ion conductor solid electrolytes . As a group, these materials are very good conductors of ion s but are essentially Insulator electrical insulating toward electron s, properties that are prerequisites for any electrolyte . The high ionic conductivity minimizes the internal resistance of the battery, thus permitting high power densities, while the high Electrical resistance electronic resistance minimizes its self discharge rate, thus enhancing its shelf life. Examples of such materials include Ag sub 4 sub RbI sub 5 sub for Silver Ag sup sup conduction, Lithium iodide LiI Aluminium oxide Al sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub mixtures for Lithium Li sup sup conduction, and the clay and alumina group of compounds NaAl sub 11 sub O sub 17 sub for Sodium Na sup sup and other mono and divalent ions. At room temperature the ionic conductivity of a single crystal of sodium alumina is 0.035 S cm, comparable to the conductivity of a 0.1 M Hydrochloric acid HCl solution . This conductivity, however, is reduced in a battery by a factor of 2 5, because of the use of powdered or ceramic material rather than single crystals. Glass y and polymer ic materials that can be readily made in thin film form, thus enhancing the rate capability of the overall system, are of increasing interest in the industry. Solid state batteries generally fall into the low Specific power power density and high energy density category. The former limitation arises because of the difficulty of getting high currents across solid solid Interface chemistry interfaces . However, these batteries do have certain advantages that outweigh this disadvantage They are easy to miniaturize for example, they can be constructed in thin film form , and there is no problem with electrolyte leakage. They tend to have very long shelf lives, and usually do not have any abrupt changes in performance with temperature, such as might ...   more details




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