PBB geneid 6750 Somatostatin also known as growth hormone inhibiting hormone GHIH or somatotropin release ... proliferation via interaction with G protein coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones. Somatostatin has two active forms produced by alternative cleavage ..., Ch. 4 Structure, Synthesis, and Secretion of Somatostatin accessdate 2008 02 19 author Costoff A authorlink ... somatostatin genes that have been named SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5, and SS6. ref name Liu cite journal ... of somatostatin in vertebrates url journal Gene volume 463 issue 1 2 pages 21 28 doi 10.1016 j.gene.2010.04.016 pmid 20472043 ref The six different genes along with the five different somatostatin receptors allows somatostatin to possess a large range of functions. ref name Gahete cite journal author ... Navarro F., Luque R. M., Castano J. P. year 2010 title Somatostatin and its receptors from fish to mammals ... j.1749 6632.2010.05511.x pmid 20633132 ref Production Digestive system Somatostatin is secreted ... Somatostatin is produced by neuroendocrine neurons of the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus . These neurons project to the median eminence , where somatostatin is released from neurosecretory ... axons. Somatostatin is then carried to the anterior pituitary gland , where it inhibits the secretion of growth hormone from somatotrope cells. The somatostatin neurons in the periventricular nucleus mediate negative feedback effects of growth hormone on its own release the somatostatin neurons respond ... of somatostatin, so reducing the rate of secretion of growth hormone . Somatostatin is also produced by several other populations that project centrally, i.e., to other areas of the brain, and somatostatin ... of somatostatin neurons in the arcuate nucleus Citation needed date August 2011 , the hippocampus ... is visible at upper right, and somatostatinis represented by middle arrow pointing left Somatostatin ... of the body Anterior pituitary In the anterior pituitary gland , the effects of somatostatin are Inhibit ... more details
protein Name somatostatin receptor 1 caption image width HGNCid 11330 Symbol SSTR1 AltSymbols EntrezGene 6751 OMIM 182451 RefSeq NM 001049 UniProt P30872 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 14 Arm q Band 13 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name somatostatin receptor 2 caption image width HGNCid 11331 Symbol SSTR2 AltSymbols EntrezGene 6752 OMIM 182452 RefSeq NM 001050 UniProt P30874 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 17 Arm q Band 24 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name somatostatin receptor 3 caption image width HGNCid 11332 Symbol SSTR3 AltSymbols EntrezGene 6753 OMIM 182453 RefSeq NM 001051 UniProt P32745 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 22 Arm q Band 13.1 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name somatostatin receptor 4 caption image width HGNCid 11333 Symbol SSTR4 AltSymbols EntrezGene 6754 OMIM 182454 RefSeq NM 001052 UniProt P31391 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 20 Arm p Band 11.2 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name somatostatin receptor 5 caption image width HGNCid 11334 Symbol SSTR5 AltSymbols EntrezGene 6755 OMIM 182455 RefSeq NM 001053 UniProt P35346 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 16 Arm p Band 13.3 LocusSupplementaryData There are five known somatostatin receptors ref name pmid7792934 cite journal author Hoyer D, Bell GI, Berelowitz M, Epelbaum J, Feniuk W, Humphrey PP, O Carroll AM, Patel YC, Schonbrunn A, Taylor JE title Classification and nomenclature of somatostatin receptors journal Trends Pharmacol. Sci. volume 16 issue 3 pages 86 8 year 1995 pmid 7792934 doi 10.1016 S0165 6147 00 88988 9 ref somatostatin receptor 1 SST sub 1 sub Gene SSTR1 somatostatin receptor 2 SST sub 2 sub Gene SSTR2 somatostatin receptor 3 SST sub 3 sub Gene SSTR3 somatostatin receptor 4 SST sub 4 sub Gene SSTR4 somatostatin receptor 5 SST sub 5 sub Gene SSTR5 All are G protein coupled seven transmembrane receptor s. References references External links MeshName Somatostatin Receptor G protein coupled receptors Neuropeptide receptors DEFAULTSORT Somatostatin Receptor Category G protein coupled receptors transmembranereceptor stub ... more details
Intro rewrite date January 2012 Pfam box Symbol Somatostatin Name Somatostatin Cortistatin family image width caption Pfam PF03002 InterPro IPR004250 SMART Prosite SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 1p2w A 99 116 Somatostatin inhibits the release of the pituitary growth hormone , somatotropin , and inhibits the release of glucagon and insulin from the pancreas of fasted animals. Cortistatin neuropeptide Cortistatin is a Cerebral cortex cortical neuropeptide with neuronal depressant and sleep modulating properties ref name PUB00007453 cite journal author De Lecea L, Danielson PE, Criado JR, Prospero garcia O, Gautvik KM, Schweitzer P, Dunlop CL, Siggins GR, Henriksen SJ, Sutcliffe JG title A cortical neuropeptide with neuronal depressant and sleep modulating properties journal Nature volume 381 issue 6579 pages 242 245 year 1996 pmid 8622767 doi 10.1038 381242a0 ref . Human proteins from this family CORT SST References reflist InterPro content IPR004250 Category Protein domains Category Hormones ... more details
PBB geneid 6755 Somatostatin receptor type 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR5 gene ... Localization of human somatostatin receptor 5 gene SSTR5 to chromosome band 16p13.3 by fluorescence ... Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biological effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G protein coupled receptors ... having seven transmembrane segments. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene SSTR5 somatostatin ... accessdate ref See also Somatostatin receptor References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB ... characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal .... title Molecular cloning, functional characterization, and chromosomal localization of a human somatostatin receptor somatostatin receptor type 5 with preferential affinity for somatostatin 28. journal ... AM, Raynor K, Lolait SJ, Reisine T title Characterization of cloned human somatostatin receptor ... characterization of a fourth hSSTR4 and a fifth hSSTR5 human somatostatin receptor subtype. journal ... bbrc.1993.2122 cite journal author Yamada Y, Stoffel M, Espinosa R, et al. title Human somatostatin ... author Ain KB, Taylor KD, Tofiq S, Venkataraman G title Somatostatin receptor subtype expression ... doi 10.1006 geno.1997.4763 cite journal author Ja s P, Terris B, Ruszniewski P, et al. title Somatostatin ... of the human somatostatin receptor type 5 is crucial for interaction with adenylyl cyclase and in mediating ... CB title C terminal region of human somatostatin receptor 5 is required for induction of Rb and G1 ... expression of the five somatostatin receptors hSSTR1 5 in human pancreatic islet cells a quantitative ... al. title Subtypes of the somatostatin receptor assemble as functional homo and heterodimers. journal ... cite journal author Rocheville M, Lange DC, Kumar U, et al. title Receptors for dopamine and somatostatin ... L, Lania AG, et al. title Mutation of somatostatin receptor type 5 in an acromegalic patient resistant ... more details
PBB geneid 6752 Somatostatin receptor type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR2 gene ... S, Le Beau MM, Bell GI title Human somatostatin receptor genes localization to human chromosomes .... PBB Summary section title summary text Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biologic effects of somatostatin are probably mediated ... in highest levels in cerebrum and kidney. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene SSTR2 somatostatin ... accessdate ref Interactions Somatostatin receptor 2 has been shown to Protein protein interaction ... H nck H H, B chner D, Richter D, Kreienkamp H J year 1999 month Nov. title Somatostatin receptor interacting ... doi 10.1074 jbc.274.46.32997 ref See also Somatostatin receptor References reflist Further reading ... characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal ... Reubi JC, Waser B, Schaer JC, Markwalder R title Somatostatin receptors in human prostate and prostate ... doi 10.1210 jc.80.9.2806 cite journal author Kagimoto S title Human somatostatin receptor, SSTR2 ... journal author Fujita T title Gene expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes, SSTR1 and SSTR2 ... Multiple gene transcripts of the somatostatin receptor SSTR2 tissue selective distribution and cAMP ... last9 Fujino first9 Masahiko cite journal author Ja s P title Somatostatin receptor subtype gene expression ... somatostatin receptor and is an essential component of sst2 mediated inhibitory growth signaling ... first8 N last9 Susini first9 C cite journal author Tsutsumi A title Expression of somatostatin receptor ... K, Patel YC, Srikant CB title C terminal region of human somatostatin receptor 5 is required for induction ... of the five somatostatin receptors hSSTR1 5 in human pancreatic islet cells a quantitative double ... interaction of the rat somatostatin receptor subtype 2 with cortactin binding protein 1 journal ... cite journal author Zitzer H title Somatostatin receptor interacting protein defines a novel ... more details
PBB geneid 6751 Somatostatin receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR1 gene ... S, Le Beau MM, Bell GI title Human somatostatin receptor genes localization to human chromosomes ... entrez cite web title Entrez Gene SSTR1 somatostatin receptor 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites ... title summary text Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biological effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G ... of the superfamily of somatostatin receptors having seven transmembrane segments, and is expressed in highest levels in jejunum and stomach. ref name entrez See also Somatostatin receptor References ... somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney journal Proc. Natl ... 48214 cite journal author Fujita T, Yamaji Y, Sato M, et al. title Gene expression of somatostatin ... K, Bruns C, Hoyer D, et al. title Distribution and second messenger coupling of four somatostatin ... S, et al. title Messenger RNA expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in human and rat gastric ... al. title Somatostatin receptor subtype gene expression in human endocrine gastroentero pancreatic tumours ... In vitro characterization of somatostatin receptors in the human thymus and effects of somatostatin ... S, et al. title Subtype selective expression of the five somatostatin receptors hSSTR1 5 in human ... M, Lange DC, Kumar U, et al. title Subtypes of the somatostatin receptor assemble as functional ... Interaction of the somatostatin receptor subtype 1 with the human homolog of the Shk1 kinase binding ... doi 10.1074 jbc.275.13.9557 cite journal author Zatelli MC, Tagliati F, Taylor JE, et al. title Somatostatin ... SE, et al. title Somatostatin receptor gene expression in human ocular tissues RT PCR and immunohistochemical ... pmid 11527930 doi cite journal author Pasquali D, Notaro A, Esposito D, et al. title Somatostatin ... author Papotti M, Bongiovanni M, Volante M, et al. title Expression of somatostatin receptor types ... more details
PBB geneid 6753 Somatostatin receptor type 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR3 gene ... S, Le Beau MM, Bell GI title Human somatostatin receptor genes localization to human chromosomes ... entrez cite web title Entrez Gene SSTR3 somatostatin receptor 3 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites ... title summary text Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biological effects of somatostatin are probably mediated by a family of G ... also Somatostatin receptor References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Yamada Y title Somatostatin receptors, an expanding gene family cloning and functional ... author Yamada Y title Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin ... first5 GI last6 Seino first6 S cite journal author Corness JD title A human somatostatin receptor SSTR3 , located on chromosome 22, displays preferential affinity for somatostatin 14 like peptides ... author Law SF title Gi alpha 1 selectively couples somatostatin receptor subtype 3 to adenylyl ... by somatostatin of cAMP formation journal Mol. Pharmacol. volume 45 issue 4 pages 587 90 ... Kaupmann K title Distribution and second messenger coupling of four somatostatin receptor subtypes ... somatostatin receptor 3 journal Mol. Endocrinol. volume 10 issue 12 pages 1688 1696 year 1997 ... author Ain KB, Taylor KD, Tofiq S, Venkataraman G title Somatostatin receptor subtype expression in human ... of the rat somatostatin receptor subtype 3 is crucial for its desensitization and internalization ... J. P. cite journal author Zatelli MC title Somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5 differentially affect ... Culler first5 MD last6 Degli Uberti first6 EC cite journal author Talme T title Somatostatin receptor .... last5 Ivanoff first5 A. last6 Sundqvist first6 K. G. cite journal author Pasquali D title Somatostatin ... Expression of somatostatin receptor types 1 5 in 81 cases of gastrointestinal and pancreatic endocrine ... more details
PBB geneid 6754 Somatostatin receptor type 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSTR4 gene ... R title Cloning and characterization of a fourth human somatostatin receptor journal Proc Natl ... pnas.90.9.4196 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene SSTR4 somatostatin receptor 4 url ... updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Somatostatin acts at many sites to inhibit the release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. The biologic effects of somatostatin are probably ... in highest levels in fetal and adult brain and lung. ref name entrez See also Somatostatin ... Patel YC title Somatostatin and its receptor family journal Frontiers in neuroendocrinology volume ... Y title Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors ... last6 Seino first6 S cite journal author Demchyshyn LL title Cloning and expression of a human somatostatin 14 selective receptor variant somatostatin receptor 4 located on chromosome 20 journal Mol ... Yasuda K title Human somatostatin receptor genes localization of SSTR5 to human chromosome 20p11.2 ... characterization of a fourth hSSTR4 and a fifth hSSTR5 human somatostatin receptor ... coupling of four somatostatin receptor subtypes expressed in brain journal FEBS Lett. volume 331 ... cite journal author Yamada Y title Human somatostatin receptor genes localization to human chromosomes ... author Xu Y, Song J, Bruno JF, Berelowitz M title Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human somatostatin ... first6 Wayne N. last7 Sutcliffe first7 J.Gregor cite journal author Ja s P title Somatostatin ... region of human somatostatin receptor 5 is required for induction of Rb and G1 cell cycle arrest ... cite journal author Forssell Aronsson EB title 111In DTPA D Phe1 octreotide binding and somatostatin ... first8 B last9 Tisell first9 LE cite journal author Zatelli MC title Somatostatin receptor subtypes ... T title Somatostatin receptor SSTR expression and function in normal and leukaemic T cells. Evidence ... more details
distinguish D battery Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin endocrinocytus D GraySubject GrayPage Image Control of stomach acid sec.png Caption Control of stomach acid Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName D Cells MeshNumber Code Terminologia Histologica TH H3.04.02.0.00027 Delta cells cells or D cells are somatostatin producing cell biology cell s. They can be found in the stomach , intestine and the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas . In rodents delta cells are located in the periphery of the islets in humans the islet architecture is generally less organized and delta cells are frequently observed inside the islets as well. In the electron microscope , delta cells can be identified as cells with smaller and slightly more compact Granule cell biology granules than beta cell s. D cells contain CCKBR which respond to gastrin and M3 receptors which respond to Ach . Respectively, these receptors will increase somatostatin output and decrease somatostatin output from the D cells. VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide , acts positively on D cells resulting in more somatostatin being released. Clinical significance A tumor of the delta cells is called a somatostatinoma . Gastrointestinal physiology Human cell types derived primarily from endoderm Category Peptide hormone secreting cells digestive stub cell biology stub gl C lula delta no Deltacelle pl Kom rki D pt C lula delta ru sr ... more details
SSRS may refer to Savez Sindikata Republike Srpske, the Confederation of Trade Unions of the Republika Srpska Ship Security Reporting System , a counter piracy system SQL Server Reporting Services , a server based report generation software system Swedish Sea Rescue Society , a Swedish search and rescue organization Somatostatin receptor biochemistry Receptor scintigraphy disambiguation ... more details
The Periventricular nucleus is a thin sheet of small neurons located in the wall of the third ventricle, a composite structure of the hypothalamus . Functions in analgesia . It is located in the rostral, intermediate, and caudal regions of the hypothalamus . The rostral region aids in the production of both somatostatin and thyroid releasing hormone . The intermediate portion aids in production of thyroid releasing hormone , somatostatin , leptin , gastrin , and neuropeptide y . In humans and primates it also produces LHRH . Lastly the caudal region aids in sympathetic nervous system regulation, and is regarded as the rage center. It should not be confused with the paraventricular nucleus . External links BrainInfo ancil 748 neuroanatomy stub Category Cerebrum Category Neuroanatomy ... more details
Orphan date January 2012 Braasch Biotech LLC is a privately held company that specializes in the development of biopharmaceutical vaccine products for the human and veterinary healthcare markets. Specifically, Braasch has developed the world s first anti obesity vaccine. They are also researching applications for Growth Hormone Deficiency and Type 2 diabetes markets. ref http www.businesswire.com news home 20101109006690 en World E2 80 99s Anti Obesity Vaccine Developed South Dakota ref History In 2008, Braasch Biotech LLC was incorporated in the State of South Dakota. Their total focus was on developing Somatostatin vaccines and related technology. ref http www.braaschbiotech.com aboutus.html ref In addition to developing and testing its Somatostatin vaccine technology in a variety of species and for different metabolic conditions, the company has also expanded its worldwide intellectual property positions by multiple filings and anticipates several additional filings to support their technology. ref http www.wirednewsengine.com 2010 06 01 Braasch Biotech Granted Novel Patent for Somatostatin Vaccines in High Value Therapeutic Markets 201006015829.html ref Technology Somatostatin also known as Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone is the main regulator for the release of Growth Hormone GH from the pituitary gland, which leads to several body functions including an increase of IGF 1 Insulin like Growth Factor 1 levels. Somatostatin inhibits the actions of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone , also a hypothalamus hormone, which controls the release of Growth Hormone. Braasch s Somatostatin vaccine technology allows the immune system to temporarily reduce, but not completely eliminate, the mostly inhibitory actions of Somatostatin. The vaccination effect causes more Growth Hormone to be released, which in turn stimulates the release of IGF 1 from the liver. This hormone cascade can help address issues relating to obesity and Type 2 diabetes, since growth hormone deficiencies ... more details
Diagnostic infobox Name PAGENAME Image Octreoscan.jpg Caption 111In pentetreotide scintigraphy of the 41 year old man with ectopic Cushing syndrome caused by a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the mesentery. Radiotracer accumulation in the left thyroid in 10 2003 arrow . The mesenterial neuroendocrine tumor became clearly visible in 4 2005 arrow . ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 92.18 MeshID OPS301 OPS301 3 70c OtherCodes An octreotide scan or octreoscan is a type of scintigraphy used to find carcinoid and other types of tumors and to localize sarcoidosis. Octreotide , a drug similar to somatostatin , is radiolabeled with indium 111 , ref http www.medicinenet.com carcinoid syndrome page4.htm medicinenet.com Carcinoid Syndrome cont. By Dennis Lee and Jay Marks. Retrieved Mars 2011 ref and is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream . The radioactive octreotide attaches to tumor cells that have receptors for somatostatin. A radiation measuring device detects the radioactive octreotide, and makes pictures showing where the tumor cells are in the body. It is also called somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and SRS. References reflist External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 390304 Octreotide scan entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Medical imaging Category 2d nuclear medical imaging oncology stub ... more details
has a strong structural similarity to somatostatin . Unlike somatostatin, when infused into the brain ... Cortistatin is a neuropeptide with strong structural similarity to somatostatin both peptides belong to Somatostatin family the same family . It binds to all known somatostatin receptors , and shares many pharmacological and functional properties with somatostatin , including the depression of neuronal activity. However, it also has many properties distinct from somatostatin, such as induction ..., reduction of locomotor activity, and activation of cation selective currents not responsive to somatostatin ... a member of the somatostatin neuropeptide family with distinct physiological functions. journal ... author Deghenghi R, Papotti M, Ghigo E, Muccioli G title Cortistatin, but not somatostatin, binds to growth ... journal author Dalm VA, van Hagen PM, van Koetsveld PM, et al. title Cortistatin rather than somatostatin as a potential endogenous ligand for somatostatin receptors in the human immune system. journal ... 020950 cite journal author Dalm VA, van Hagen PM, van Koetsveld PM, et al. title Expression of somatostatin, cortistatin, and somatostatin receptors in human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic ... 14669820 doi cite journal author Hern ndez C, Carrasco E, Casamitjana R, et al. title Somatostatin molecular ... more details
secretion. These neurons are inhibited by somatostatin . The reciprocal relationship between the electrical activity of GHRH neurons and somatostatin neurons leads to pulsatile secretion of growth ..., beta endorphin is regulated by NPY. Centrally projecting neurons that make somatostatin the neurosecretory somatostatin neurons that regulate growth hormone secretion are a different population, located ... cite journal author Kawano H, Daikoku S title Somatostatin containing neuron systems in the rat ... more details
tumors , most notably carcinoid syndrome . It is a long acting analog chemistry analogue of somatostatin ... analogue of somatostatin , a naturally occurring inhibitory hormone which blocks the release of several ... . Lanreotide binds to the same somatostatin receptor receptor s as somatostatin, although with higher affinity to peripheral receptors, and has similar activity. However, while somatostatin is quickly ... Biochemical and functional properties of somatostatin receptors journal J Neurochem volume 58 ... tumors, and, along with other somatostatin analogues, is being studied as a possible general antitumor agent. ref cite journal author Kvols L, Woltering E title Role of somatostatin analogs in the clinical ... author Susini C, Buscail L title Rationale for the use of somatostatin analogs as antitumor agents ... more details
Infobox Disease Name MODY 4 Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 606392 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID MODY 4 is a form of maturity onset diabetes of the young . MODY 4 arises from mutations of the Pdx 1 homeobox gene on chromosome 13 human chromosome 13 . Pdx 1 is a transcription factor vital to the development of the embryonic pancreas. Even in adults it continues to play a role in the regulation and expression of genes for insulin, GLUT2, glucokinase, and somatostatin . MODY 4 is so rare that only a single family has been well studied. A child born with pancreatic agenesis absence of the pancreas was found to be homozygous for Pdx 1 mutations. A number of older relatives who were heterozygous had mild hyperglycemia or diabetes. None were severely insulin deficient and all were controlled with either diet or oral hypoglycemic agent s. References reflist Endocrine pathology Transcription factor coregulator deficiencies endocrine disease stub Category Diabetes ... more details
multiple issues context November 2011 unreferenced November 2011 medref November 2011 Local hormone s , by one definition, are biologically active polypeptide s that are secreted by nerve cells and gland cells and act in a paracrine fashion but also enter the Circulation physiology circulation . By another definition, local hormones are any hormones acting in a paracrine , autocrine signalling autocrine , and or intracrine manner. Classification According to structural and functional similarity, many local hormones fall into either the gastrin or the secretin family. Gastrin family Gastrin Cholecystokinin CCK Secretin family Secretin Glucagon Glicentin GLI Vaso active intestinal polypeptide VIP Gastric inhibitory polypeptide GIP Others Motilin Neurotensin Substance P Somatostatin was Somatostain Bombesin Serotonin Cell signaling med stub Cell biology stub Category Signal transduction Category Hormones Category Endocrine system Category Cell signaling ... more details
Drugbox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 451604097 IUPAC name 3 S ,6 S ,9 S ,12 R ,15 S ,18 S ,20 R 9 4 aminobutyl 3 benzyl 12 1 H indol 3 ylmethyl 2,5,8,11,14,17 hexaoxo 15 phenyl 6 4 phenylmethoxyphenyl methyl 1,4,7,10,13,16 hexazabicyclo 16.3.0 henicosan 20 yl N 2 aminoethyl carbamate image Pasireotide.svg alt caption Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA OTC, Rx only, Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD Benz POM, CD Anab POM or CD Inv POM legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status Investigational routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 396091 73 9 ATCvet ATC prefix H01 ATC suffix CB05 PubChem 9941444 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 98H1T17066 synonyms SOM230 Chemical data chemical formula C 58 H 66 N 10 O 9 molecular weight 1107.26 g mol Pasireotide SOM230 is an orphan drug approved in Europe for the treatment of Cushing s disease . ref cite web url http finance.yahoo.com news novartis drug signifor approved eu 051703038.html ylt A2KJ3CQ 5qBPSVwAuzLQtDMD ref ref Mancini et al. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management 2010 6 505 516 ref It was developed by Novartis . Pasireotide is a somatostatin analog chemistry analog which has a 40 fold increased affinity to somatostatin receptor 5 than other somatostatin analogs. The drug showed therapeutical potential in a recent study PASPORT CUSHINGS B2305 where 162 patients were treated with either nowrap 2x 600 g or nowrap 2x 900 g pasireotide Subcutaneous injection s.c . daily. ref Colao et al. Pasireotide SOM230 provides clinical benefit in patients with Cushing s disease results from a large, 12 month, randomized dose, doub ... more details
, and somatostatin levels in health. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver ... by releasing somatostatin from adipocytes . ref Cellek S, Thangiah R, Bassil AK, Campbell CA, Gray KM ... excitability of human enteric neurons via release of somatostatin. Gastroenterology 2009 Sep 25. Epub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Enteroendocrine cells Latin endocrinocyti gastroenteropancreatici GraySubject GrayPage Image Digestive hormones.jpg Caption Actions of the major digestive hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName Enteroendocrine cells MeshNumber Code TerminologiaHistologica 3 04 02.0.00024 BR TerminologiaHistologica 3 08 01.0.00003 Enteroendocrine cells are specialized endocrine cell biology cell s of the gastrointestinal tract . They produce hormone s such as serotonin ref UIUCHistologySubject 321 ref , somatostatin , motilin , cholecystokinin , gastric inhibitory peptide , neurotensin , vasoactive intestinal peptide , and enteroglucagon . Most enteroendocrine cells are found in the islets of Langerhans , but they are also found in other locations. For example, the G cell s which secrete gastrin are located primarily in the stomach . ref Medcyclopaedia iv 1 g G cell ref Enteroendocrine cells are also found in the duodenum . ref BUHistology 11604loa Endocrine System duodenum, enteroendocrine cells ref Enterochromaffin like cell and enterochromaffin cells are also considered enteroendocrine cells. ref MeshName Enteroendocrine cells ref Pathology Rare and slow growing carcinoid tumors develop from these cells. When a tumor arises it has the capacity to secrete large volumes of hormones. See also APUD cell References reflist Gastrointestinal physiology Human cell types derived primarily from endoderm Endocrine system anatomy Category Endocrine system Category Cells sl Enteroendokrina celica ... more details
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