Original research date January 2011 Electoral systems In politics, sortition also known as allotment ... as a random sample from a larger pool of candidates. In ancient Athenian democracy , sortition was the primary ... BC out of what was then called isonomia equality of law and political rights , and sortition was the principal ... sortition to be more democratic than elections ref name Hansen and used complex procedures with purpose ... scholarship maintained that sortition had its roots in the use of chance to divine the will of the gods ... Government ref Today Sortition is commonly used in selecting jury juries in Anglo Saxon legal ... at the time of the adoption of the current Constitution of Iraq . Sortition proposals put forward ... of the interests of the people A modern advocate of sortition, political scientist John Burnheim , argues for sortition as follows Is Democracy Possible? , pp. 124 5 blockquote But do we ... Sortition is inherently egalitarian in that it ensures all citizens have an equal chance of entering ... http doi.wiley.com 10.1111 j.1467 9248.2008.00746.x Oliver Dowlen, Sorting Out Sortition A Perspective ... Less corruptible than elections Sortition may be less corruptible than voting because processes ... source date January 2009 Voter fatigue Supporters also argue that sortition alleviates the problems ... appointed by sortition do not owe anything to anyone for their position. Disadvantages Pure sortition does not discriminate The most common argument against pure sortition that is, with no prior ... no mode of election operating in the spirit of sortition or rotation can be generally good in a government ... the man with a view to the duty or to accommodate the one to the other. However, supporters of sortition ... of experts, as elected houses do now. Sortition can put in power people with minority views Some of the officials selected by sortition may hold views that greatly differ from those common in the population ... when randomly selected. A counter argument is that by consenting to sortition as used for a jury ... more details
Casting lots may refer to Sortition , the casting or drawing of lots to make a fair form of selection Cleromancy , the casting or drawing of lots as a form of divination disambig ... more details
Political party in British Columbia registered on Sept 20, 2011. The party holds the position that BC needs a senate, but formed from a random selection of citizens similar to how a courtroom jury is formed. This senate would use mutual deliberation and consensus to approve, reject, or amend the legislation and policies devised by the elected members of the legislative assembly. In effect, the People s Senate Party is the first party in North America to advocate the practice of sortition . The party intends to run candidates in future provincial elections in order to promote the idea of a People s Senate. See also sortition External links http www.peoplessenate.ca People s Senate Party Category Political parties in Canada Category Politics of British Columbia ... more details
Wiktionary sortilege sortil ge Sortilege has several meanings As a form of divination see Cleromancy . As the ancient Roman form of this divination, see Sortes ancient Rome Sortilegus plural sortilegi , one who makes predictions using the above form of divination Sortil ge band , a French heavy metal band L enfant et les sortil ges 1925 , lyric fantasy opera by Maurice Ravel with libretto by Colette As a way to make a fair selection, see Sortition Sortil ge, a Canadian whiskey and maple syrup liqueur . Disambiguation fr Sortil ge ... more details
wiktionarypar drawing Drawing is a visual art that involves marking a two dimensional medium. Drawing may also refer to Drawing Barenaked Ladies song Drawing manufacturing , a metalworking process Drawing poker , having a hand that needs further cards to become valuable Drawing, meaning disemboweling or dragging , in the Medieval English punishment hanged, drawn and quartered See also Drawing straws DrawingML Sortition drawing lots disambig ... more details
Wiktionary allotment allot Allotment may refer to Allotment gardening , a small area of land, let out at a nominal yearly rent by local government or independent allotment associations, for individuals to grow their own food Allotment travel industry , a block of pre negotiated carrier seats or hotel rooms held by a travel organizer till a certain period Allotment, see Dawes Act , a program of the U.S. Government, beginning in 1887, to break up Indian reservations and allot tribal land to individual Native Americans. Allotment, also known as sortition , a method of selection by some form of lottery such as drawing coloured pebbles from a bag The Allotment , a 1988 book by Colin Ward Allotment, a method by which a company allocates over subscribed shares see Subscription finance Disambiguation ... more details
selected by sortition lot from a broadly inclusive pool of eligible citizens. These groups, sometimes .... More generally, random selection of decision makers from a larger group is known as sortition from the Latin base for lottery . The Athenian democracy made much use of sortition, with nearly ... kiesstelsel Burgerforum Kiesstelsel . The Old Order Amish use a combination of election and sortition ... would be formed through sortition while the remaining would be voted for by ballot. Other examples ...? For example, all city councils would be appointed by sortition, however at the national level, normal elections would continue. Allowing sortition in one area of government but not another would imply that sortition is beneficial either for only one level of governance, for instance local ... implemented locally by national officials. Other consequences of implementing sortition only at one ... few cases of sortition practiced at a political level occurred in Greece where the criteria for being ... be candidates for sortition include concerns over stability and well rounded leadership ... Dowlen In his review of the history of sortition implemented in various degrees in Greece, Florence and during the French revolution in The Political Potential of Sortition , Dowlen argues that any use of sortition, whether to elect leaders, or to form the body that elects leaders, has helped develop ... Potential of Sortition. Introduction. ref Criticisms Unreferenced section date June 2006 No modern ... to assess problems of transition or shortcomings of the system. The Sortition article includes a more extensive discussion of the Sortition Advantages advantages and Sortition Disadvantages disadvantages of sortition in a wider range of applications. Potential problems and difficulties of demarchy ... house is selected by sortition. In Songs of Distant Earth by Arthur C. Clarke , the futuristic society ... also Sortition Citizen oversight Consensus democracy Direct democracy Panarchy Friedrich August von ... more details
voting Unreferenced date June 2008 In politics , voter fatigue is the voter apathy apathy that the electorate can experience when they are required to vote too often. It is often used as a criticism of the direct democracy system, in which voters are constantly asked to decide on policy via Referendum referenda . However, proponents often counter that voter fatigue may be lessened by direct democracy as voters will feel their vote has more effect. Voter fatigue can cause notoriously low voter turnout rates, and potentially more protest vote , and supposedly occurs for a variety of reasons voters are not interested in the issue. voters are bothered by the inconvenience of physically voting. voters feel their vote will not count the election has already been won by one side. voters feel that it is not worth their while to educate themselves as to the issues and hence their vote would not be worth making. This is related to the concept of rational ignorance . voters have to vote for too many institutions too often . Amongst the methods that can be used to combat voter fatigue are Making it mandatory to vote, as e.g. in Australian electoral system Australia , Elections in Belgium Belgium or Elections in Brazil Brazil . Using sortition to choose those eligible to vote thus increasing the worth of a single vote . E democracy , proxy voting and delegated voting . See also Donor fatigue , increased apathy about giving to charitable or humanitarian causes Category Elections election stub ... more details
File AGMA Kleroterion.jpg right thumb A Kleroterion in the Ancient Agora Museum Athens . File Ure Museum entrance Reading.JPG right thumb A large Kleroterion at the Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology in Reading. The kleroterion lang grc is a randomization device used by the Athenian polis during the period of Athenian democracy democracy to select citizens to the Boule ancient Greece boule , to most state offices, to the Nomothetai , and to court juries. The kleroterion was a slab of stone incised with rows of slots and with an attached tube. Citizens tokens pinakion pinakia were placed in the slots and the tube was filled with different colored dice. The dice were released one by one, each die corresponding to a row of pinakia. The color of each die determined whether of the owners of the pinakia in the corresponding row were selected to hold office or to become jurists. See also Sortition External links http www.alamut.com subj artiface deadMedia agoraMuseum.html Info Tech of Ancient Democracy A discussion of the workings of the kleroterion. commonscat Kleroterions Category Ancient Greece Category Democracy Category Random selection AncientGreece stub de Kleroterion fr Kl rot rion it Kleroterion he pl Kleroterion ... more details
A civic lottery , a popular term for the contemporary use of sortition or allotment, refers to a lottery based method for selecting citizens for public service or office. It is based on the premise that citizens in a democracy have both a duty and the desire to serve their society by participating in its governance. Today, the most common use of the civic lottery process is found in many Anglo Saxon judicial systems where citizen juries are summoned to hear and render verdicts in court cases. The term for this is popularly known as jury duty . Civic lotteries are increasingly popular in Canada, where provincial Citizens Assemblies on Electoral Reform took place in British Columbia in 2004 and in Ontario in 2006. The membership of each Assembly was determined by a civic lottery which invited citizens to volunteer as candidates. In British Columbia, the government sent 23,034 letters to randomly identified citizens throughout the province. 1,715 replied and volunteered to serve as members of the Assembly. In Ontario, 123,489 citizens were identified during a random electronic draw from the Permanent Register of Electors. Each citizen received a letter inviting him or her to apply and 7,033 volunteered as candidates. Ultimately, during a final selection process 158 names were drawn from among the candidates to participate as members of the BC Assembly. 103 were selected as members in Ontario. MASS LBP , a Canadian company inspired by the work of the Citizens Assembly on Electoral Reform Ontario has developed an increasingly sophisticated system for running civic lotteries to randomly select citizens to participate on government advisory panels. The lotteries, which ask citizens to give up several consecutive weekends to participate on a panel, enjoy a strong positive response rate, typically exceeding five percent. This suggests that citizens are more interested public affairs ... population. References reflist See also Sortition MASS LBP Democracy Democratic deficit Direct democracy ... more details
Wiktionary Lot lot lots Lot or lots may refer to Lot mass , a unit of weight used in many European countries since Middle Ages until the beginning of the 20th century Lot, a set of goods, together for sale in an auction or a quantity of a financial instrument Lot , a story by Ward Moore Land lot , a tract or parcel of land Parking lot , for automobiles Arabian lots, or Arabic parts , an astrological divination technique People Lot biblical person Islamic view of Lot Lot Kapuaiwa 1830 1872 , who reigned the Kingdom of Hawai i as Kamehameha V from 1863 to 1872 Lot Lohr, a character in the Dutch television show Sesamstraat Humans in Sesamstraat Sesamstraat Sesame Street King Lot , in Arthurian legend Geography Lot, Belgium , a village in the municipality of Beersel Lot department , in south west France Lot river , in southern France LOT may refer to Language of thought LOT, IATA airport code for Lewis University Airport , Illinois, United States LOT, National Rail station code for Lostock railway station , Bolton, England LOT Polish Airlines See also Backlot movie studios Casting lots disambiguation Sortition drawing lots disambig br Lot cs Lot cy Lot da Lot de Lot et Lot es Lot eo LOT fr Lot it LOT disambigua he nl Lot ja LOT no LOT nn Lot pl Lot pt Lot ru sk Lot sl Lot sr fi Lore sv Lot olika betydelser uk zh LOT ... more details
Drawing straws is a selection method that is used by a group to choose one member of the group to perform a task after none has volunteered for it. The same practice can be used also to choose one of several volunteers, should an agreement not be reached. Process The group leader takes a number of straws or similarly long cylindrical objects and ensures that one of them is physically shorter than the others. The leader then grabs all of the straws in his fist, such that all of them appear to be of the same length. The group leader offers the clenched fist to the group. Each member of the group draws a straw from the fist of the group leader. At the end of the offering, the group member who has drawn the shortest straw is the one who must perform the task. This practice is epitomized in the clich drawing the short straw to mean being randomly, unluckily, or unfairly selected to perform a task, at the risk of suffering a penalty. Politics United Kingdom In the United Kingdom , if a local or national election has resulted in a tie draw tie in which candidates receive exactly the same number of votes after three recounts, the winner can be decided either by drawing straws lots, coin flipping , or drawing the high card in a pack of cards. ref http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi in depth uk politics 2000 local elections 736660.stm ref ref http answers.google.com answers threadview id 13729.html ref See also Sortition The Nose Game References reflist External links http www.youdrawstraws.com Internet straw drawing Category Random selection Category Games of chance da Tr kke str fr Courte paille sv Stickdragning ... more details
orphan date August 2009 A Citizens Reference Panel is a non compulsory public jury used in Canada to provide policy advice to public and elected officials. They are generally convened by the government or a public agency and typically meet several times over a period of weeks or months to learn about, discuss, and reach agreement or alignment on a contentious public issue. Citizens Reference Panels will have anywhere from 24 54 citizens members, with equal numbers of men and women, while matching the age profile of the region or jurisdiction they represent. Members of a Citizens Reference Panel are randomly invited and selected during a civic lottery process. They are considered volunteers and with the exception of reimbursements for travel, they receive no financial compensation for their time. The idea being that the time each citizen volunteers to the panel is part of a public service, such as jury duty . Much like a Royal Commission , the recommendations of a Citizens Reference Panel are non binding though they do carry moral stature. Citizens Reference Panels developed as an offshoot of the Citizens Assembly on Electoral Reform British Columbia Citizens Assembly on Electoral Reform in British Columbia in 2004 and in Ontario in 2006. See also Civic lottery Sortition Democracy Direct democracy External links http www.scribd.com doc 11446805 Sorted Civic Lotteries and the Future of Public Participation Sorted Civic Lotteries and the Future of Public Participation http www.citizensassembly.gov.on.ca The Ontario Citizens Assembly http www.citizensassembly.gov.on.ca assets Democracy 20at 20Work 20 20The 20Ontario 20Citizens 27 20Assembly 20on 20Electoral 20Reform.pdf The Ontario Citizens Assembly on Electoral Reform a record of Ontario s first citizens assembly process http www.citizensassembly.bc.ca public The BC Citizens Assembly Category Government of Canada ... more details
globalize Canada date June 2009 End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point A policy jury or citizen jury is a body of people convened to render a decision or advice on a matter of public policy. It is similar to juries used in modern court trial except that the subject of its deliberation is a matter of public policy, rather than law. The concept of the policy jury is closely connected with deliberative democracy or participatory models of democratic governance. In some cases, policy juries are composed of randomly selected members of a given population. Citizens participating in a policy jury engage in a comprehensive learning and deliberation processes before settling on a conclusion or set of recommendations. Traditional models of governance tend to operate on a single axis of authority up towards a strong central executive or down to a local council. A policy jury is an example of devolving responsibility for making policy recommendations outward to citizens and communities. Policy juries are increasingly popular in Canada . Citizens Assembles on Electoral Reform convened in British Columbia in 2004 ref http www.citizensassembly.bc.ca public ref and Ontario in 2006 ref http www.citizensassembly.gov.on.ca ref used policy juries to address alternative electoral systems. Three of Ontario s Local Health Integration Networks LHIN have referred their Integrated Health Service Plans IHSP for 2010 2013 to policy juries for advice and refinement. LHINs referring their IHSPs to policy juries include the South East LHIN, ref http www.southeastlhin.on.ca Page.aspx?id 2346 ref Central LHIN and Mississauga Halton LHIN. See also Citizens jury Consensus decision making Democratic deficit Direct democracy Democracy Local Health Integration Network MASS LBP Sortition References references External links http www.masslbp.com journal.php MASS LBP official site http www.masslbp.com download MASSLBPSortedfulltext.pdf Sorted Civic lotteries and the future of public partic ... more details
The Prytaneis sing. prytanis were the executives of the Boule ancient Greece boule of ancient Athens . The term like basileus or Tyrant tyrannos is probably of pre Greek origin possibly cognate to Etruscan language Etruscan e pruni . Origins and organization When Cleisthenes reorganized the Classical Athens Athenian government in 508 7 BCE, he replaced the old Solon ian boule ancient Greece boule , or council, of 400 with a new boule of 500. The old boule consisted of 100 members of each of the four ancestral tribes. Cleisthenes created ten new tribes and made the boule consist of 50 men from each of these tribes. Each tribe s delegation would be an executive of the boule for Attic calendar one tenth of the year , so that ten groups of prytaneis served each year, a position granted by sortition. The executive officers were known as prytaneis and their term of office as a prytany . Duties The prytaneis served every day during their prytany. They formally called to meeting the full boule ancient Greece boule and the ecclesia ancient Athens ecclesia of Athens, though in practice many meetings were mandatory and evidence suggests that persuasive individuals could enjoin the prytaneis to call or not to call a supplementary meeting. The prytaneis received ambassadors from foreign states and generally conducted the day to day business of the state. They ate at public expense in the Tholos Ancient Rome Tholos , a circular edifice constructed for them next to the boule house. Each day, for one 24 hour period, one member of the 50 prytaneis was selected by lot to serve as the foreman epistates , caretaker . He administered the state seal and the keys to the state treasuries and archives. He was, in effect, the chief executive officer of Athens . No man was allowed to hold this office more than once, and so probably more than half of all adult male Athenians held it, at one time or another. During meetings of the ecclesia or boule , the cu ... more details
wiktionary Flip flip Flip may refer to Flip acrobatic Flip album Flip album , a 1985 solo album from Nils Lofgren Flip mathematics , a mathematical operation in algebraic geometry Flip cocktail Flip form , a hinged form factor for handheld electronic devices Flip Little Nemo Flip Little Nemo , a cartoon character Flip slang , a colloquial reference to Filipino people List of hairstyles flip hairstyle Flip hairstyle , popular in the 1960s Flip Animation Festival , Wolverhampton UK based international animation festival Flip Burger Boutique , a chain of gourmet hamburger restaurants in the Southern United States Flip the Frog , a cartoon character Flip jump , a figure skating element Flip Skateboards , skateboard and clothing company Flip Video , a video camcorder Coin flipping , a method of sortition FLIP may stand for FLIP protocol Festival Ludique International de Parthenay , a fair in Parthenay, France Fluorescence loss in photobleaching , a microscopy technique RP FLIP Floating Instrument Platform , a research vessel FLICE like inhibitory protein see CFLAR , protein involved in apoptosis Franklin Large Igneous Province , a large area of igneous rock in northern North America People Flip Benham born 1948 , American Baptists and anti abortion leader Flip Cornett 1957 2004 , American funk guitarist and bassist Flip Johnson born 1963 , American football player Flip Kowlier born 1976 , Belgian singer songwriter Flip Lafferty 1854 1910 , Major League Baseball player Flip Mark born 1948 , American former child actor Flip Phillips 1915 2001 , American jazz tenor saxophone and clarinet Scott Phillips musician Scott Flip Phillips born 1973 , drummer for Alter Bridge and Creed Al Rosen Al Flip Rosen born 1924 , Major League Baseball Third baseman Flip Saunders born 1955 , American basketball coach Flip Simmons , Australian actor and musician Flip Wilson 1933 1998 , American actor and comedian Lil Flip born 1981 , American rapper See also Flop disambiguation lookfrom Flip di ... more details
In the Christian New Testament , Joseph Justus also known as Barsabbas figures momentarily in the Sortition casting of lots among the 120 or so gathered together after the Ascension of Jesus , to replace Judas Iscariot and bring the Twelve Apostles Apostles again to the 12 number number twelve . According to Acts of the Apostles i.23 &ndash 26 blockquote 23.So they proposed two men Joseph called Barsabbas also known as Justus and Matthias. 24.Then they prayed, Lord, you know everyone s heart. Show us which of these two you have chosen 25.to take over this apostolic ministry, which Judas left to go where he belongs. 26.Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias so he was added to the eleven apostles. blockquote Since the passage identifies the candidates as of these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was taken up from us , Joseph was a member of the wider circle of disciples. Further identification of this shadowy figure is insecure, though in Christian tradition, he is numbered among the Seventy Disciples mentioned in kjv Luke 10 1 24 Luke 10 1 24 . No names are given among the Seventy Two or Seventy Apostles of Christ &mdash depending on the manuscripts&mdash that were sent out in Gospel of Luke Luke 10.1 two by two, into every town and place where he himself was about to go. Nor is this Joseph the Just, son of the sabbath &mdash as his name translates&mdash identified as one of the adelphoi of Jesus&mdash however this Greek word for brothers may be interpreted&mdash in this one passage in Acts in which he appears. Nor does such a Joseph Justus appear among the disciples in the lists given in the synoptic gospels , unless he were represented unrecognized in some way under an alias. It would appear to be an inexplicable choice made by Peter among the assembled adelphoi Acts 1.15, translated in the New International Version believers . However ... more details
Image Patriarch Iosif.jpg thumb 200px Patriarch Joseph, a 19th century hand drawn lubok . Patriarch Joseph lang ru died April 15, 1652 was the sixth Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, elected after an unusual one and a half year break. The early life of Joseph is unclear. Before the election he was an archimandrite of the Simonov Monastery . For the first time the patriarch was elected by sortition from candidates offered by tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich in coordination with the Council of Bishops. The election was held on March 20, 1642 in Moscow. Joseph came into office on March 27 and was titled master and not sovereign as his predecessor Patriarch Filaret Feodor Romanov Filaret had been . Patriarchate Joseph conducted a fairly conservative policy. When Danish prince Valdemar Christian arrived to Moscow in 1644 Joseph began persuading him to adopt Orthodoxy because Valdemar was married to tsarevna Irina Mikhailovna Romanova Irina Romanova . When Valdemar refused, Joseph opened the debate on June 2, 1644. The debate was limited mainly to the fulfilment of the infant baptism christening but Orthodox scholars couldn t competently prove their opinion. In 1650 Joseph opened another debate, on Russian and Greek Orthodoxy with Paisius I , the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem Patriarch of Jerusalem . Joseph also introduced the so called adverbial singing instead of deformed khomovoye . He died on Maundy Thursday . start box s rel or succession box title Patriarch of Moscow before Patriarch Joasaphus I Joasaphus I years 1642&ndash 1652 after Patriarch Nikon Nikon end box External links ru icon http www.pravoslavie.ru arhiv 040625105839 , 1 ru icon http www.pravoslavie.ru arhiv 040727123358 , 2 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Joseph ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH April 15, 1652 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Joseph Categ ... more details
File Patriarchate Constantinopolis.jpg thumb 250px Chanters singing on the kliros at the Church of St. George, Istanbul Church of St. George , Patriarchate of Constantinople . The kliros Greek language Greek kl ros , plural kl roi Church Slavonic Slavonic , kliros or sometimes , krilos is the section of an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic Churches Eastern Catholic church dedicated to the choir . It refers both to the general space in which Cantor church chanters or singers assemble for the services, as well as to the actual music stand or shelves on which music is stored and read. The name derives from the Greek word for Sortition lot , since originally those who read and sang were chosen by lot. ref Citation last Sokolof first Archpriest D. author link last2 first2 author2 link title A Manual of The Orthodox Church s Divine Services place Jordanville, NY publisher Printshop of St. Job of Pochaev , Holy Trinity monastery Jordanville Holy Trinity Monastery year 2001 volume edition 3rd page 20 url doi id isbn ref Historically, in cathedral s, monasteries and larger establishments such as chapels belonging to seminaries and major parishes, there would have been kliroi on both right and left sides of the church. The result is two choirs which sing antiphon ally, much as monastic and cathedral choirs of the Western Churches still have today. This was the practice in the Byzantine Imperial Cathedral of Hagia Sophia , in Constantinople , whose historical liturgical practice became the standard for all churches following the Byzantine rite Byzantine liturgical tradition . Image Prodromou2.jpg thumb left Kliros with analogion analogia for liturgical books. File 08 09 16 Jaroslawl Kirche Christi Erscheinen innen.JPG thumb Kliros in Church of St. John the Baptist, Yaroslavl , Russia . This arrangement presupposes a number of singers on each side, adding up to a reasonably large total, and two highly trained chanters skilled in leading the servic ... more details
Image Doge Giacomo Tiepolo.png thumb left 150px Coat of Arms of Jacopo Tiepolo. Image Venezia SS. Giovanni e Paolo Facciata 04 Arca Jacopo e Lorenzo Tiepolo 1249, 1275 Foto G. Dall Orto, 10 Aug 2007.jpg thumb right 270px Jacopo and Lorenzo s Tiepolo ark, in Venice. Jacopo Giacomo Tiepolo b. Venice d. 19 July 1249, Venice was Doge of Venice from 6 March 1229 to 2 May 1249. Previously, served as a first Venetian duke of Crete and podest in Constantinople 1218 1220 and 1224 1227 . At the election for doge, Tiepolo and his rival Marino Dandolo were tied at 20 votes each, and Tiepolo was selected by Sortition drawing lots . This is thought to have sparked the feud between the Tiepolo family Tiepolo , who were an old aristocratic family and the Dandolo Family Dandolo , who were seen as a nouveau riches . ref Venice Reconsidered The History and Civilization of an Italian City state by John Jeffries Martin, Dennis Romano page 81 ref Prior to ascending the ducal throne, Tiepolo also had to sign a trational promissione , which seriously limited his powers. ref A History of Venice by John Julius Norwich, Penguin Books page 151 ref Despite Frederick II Hohenstaufen s cordial visit in Venice in 1232 , the relations between the emperor and the Republic deteriorated and, in 1239 , Venice joined the Lombard League and fought against Ezzelino III da Romano , a powerful ally of Frederick. In the subsequent fights the Doge s son, Pietro Tiepolo, was captured at the battle of Cortenuova 1237 and died in prison in South Italy. Jacopo Tiepolo s reign brought other important events In 1242 the Doge proclaimed Statuto , the codification of the Venetian civil law work begun by Doge Enrico Dandolo . In the 1240s, two great mendicant orders the Dominicans and the Franciscans , were granted land in the city and later built on it the two biggest churches in Venice, Santi Giovanni e Paolo , called San Zanipolo and Basilica di Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari . In 1249 Tiepolo abdicated, retired t ... more details
Wikify date September 2010 Orphan date February 2009 Horse n goggle also known as horse and goggle and horsengoggle is a method of sortition selecting a random person from a group . Unlike some other methods, such as rock paper scissors , one of the features of horse n goggle is that there is always a winner it is impossible to tie. History Horse n goggle is used by a number of youth camps ref Camp Nebagamon, Camp North Star, Camp Horseshoe, all located in Wisconsin, have references to this game on their websites. Cottonwood Gulch foundation, an outdoors organization based in New Mexico, also mentions it. ref in the United States, and by some Girl Scouts of the USA Girl Scout units. ref It has been mentioned in some girl scout documents referring to grouping methods ref The origin is not known, nor is it known if there is much use outside of youth organizations. How to play All the participants stand in a circle. Either one of the participants or someone outside of the group acts as the leader. The leader declares which participant acts as the starting point, and the leader declares which direction the counting will go. All of the participants hold out a fist. Then the leader says One, two, three, horse n goggle. In some groups, the leader will count in German and say Ein, zwei, drei, horse n goggle. As the leader counts, all of the participants pump their fists. When the leader says horse n goggle, all of the participants throw out a number of fingers with their hand. The leader then adds up the total of all of the fingers. Once the sum has been determined, the leader begins counting participants, starting from the person earlier declared as the starting point, and then counts in the direction previously declared. The leader continues to count, moving around the group in a circle, until the sum has been reached. Whichever participant as the final one, that person is declared the winner. If more than one person is desired for example, two people to do the table clea ... more details
John King was president of the Los Angeles Common Council Los Angeles, California, Common Council the legislative arm of that city effective June 1, 1868. He replaced Murray Morrison , who resigned. His terms of service on the council were May 10, 1866, to May 8, 1867. Reinstated August 8, 1867. ref name Explanation1 August 8, 1867, the city officials elected May 6, were deposed and with few exceptions the officials elected the previous year May 7, 1866 resumed office. br They officiated until April 6, 1866 when a new group of officials was elected, which although certified on April 9, never took office. br The 1866 67 administration, with a few changes continued to function from April 20th to the regular election changed, for the first time, to December 7, 1868. br In other words, with the exception of the time from May 6, to August 8, 1867, the governing body elected May 7, 1866, actually served until December 7, 1868. Chronological Record of Los Angeles City Officials,1850 1938, 1867 1868 section, page 1, first iteration ref ref name Explanation2 According to the records of the City Council the election which occurred as usual in May 1867 proved invalid after the elected officials served for a period of three months only. br On August 8, 1867 this entire group of officials was replaced by the municipal officers elected the preceding year May 7, 1866 . br The first move of the reinstalled governing body was to legalize all the official acts of the deposed council , thus protecting the city corporation and the citizenry. Chronological Record of Los Angeles City Officials,1850 1938, 1867 1868 section, page 1, second iteration ref August 8, 1867, to December 7, 1868. ref name Explanation1 ref name Explanation2 December 9, 1868, to December 9, 1869. He was chosen as president by the Sortition drawing of lots . ref Chronological Record of Los Angeles City Officials,1850 1938, 1868 1869 section, page 11 ref December 9, 1869, to December 9, 1870. References and notes Ref ... more details
for the use of random selection as a way to make a fair form of selection Sortition Cleromancy is a form of divination using sortition , casting of lots, or casting bones or stones, in which an outcome is determined by means that normally would be considered random , such as the rolling of dice , but are sometimes believed to reveal the will of God , or other supernatural entities. In classical civilization In ancient Rome fortunes were told through the casting of lots or Sortes ancient Rome sortes . In Judeo Christian tradition Casting of lots occurs relatively frequently in the Bible , and many biblical scholars think that the Urim and Thummim served this purpose. In the Hebrew Bible , there are several cases where lots were cast as a means of determining God s mind In the Book of Leviticus bibleverse nb Leviticus 16 8 KJV , God commands Moses, And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat. In http bible.oremus.org ?ql 195027559 Joshua 7 , a guilty party Achan is probably found by lot and executed. In the Book of Joshua bibleverse nb Joshua 18 6 KJV , Aaron says, Ye shall therefore describe the land into seven parts, and bring the description hither to me, that I may cast lots for you here before the LORD our God. This action is done in order to know God s will as to the dividing of land between the seven tribes of Israel who had not yet received their inheritance. Joshua 18 2 . Also in the First Book of Samuel bibleverse nb 1 Samuel 14 42 KJV , lots are used to determine that it was Jonathan, Saul s son, who broke the oath that Saul made, Cursed be the man who eats food until its evening and I am avenged on my enemies . 1 Samuel 14 24 . In the Book of Jonah bibleverse nb Jonah 1 7 KJV , the desperate sailors cast lots to see whose god is responsible for creating the storm Then the sailors said to each other, Come, let us cast lots to find out who is responsible for this calamity. They cast lots and the lot fell ... more details
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