family tree for SothoTswanaLanguages of South Africa Category Languages of Botswana Category Languages of Lesotho Category Languages of South Africa Category SothoTswanalanguages nc lang stub af Sotho taalfamilie de SothoTswana Sprachen hr SothoTswana S.30 jezici it Lingue sotho pl J zyki sothotswana pt L nguas sothotswana ...Infobox language family name SothoTswana region South Africa , Swaziland , Zimbabwe familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Southern Bantoid languages Southern Bantoid fam6 Bantu languages Bantu fam7 Southern Bantu The SothoTswanalanguages are a group of closely related Southern Bantu languages spoken in Southern Africa that include Tswana language Tswana Setswana , Sotho language Sotho Southern Sotho or Sesotho , Northern Sotho language Northern Sotho Sesotho sa Leboa Lozi language Lozi Silozi or Rozi Tswana, Southern Sotho, and the various dialects lumped together as Northern Sotho are all mutually intelligible The SothoTswana group corresponds to the S.30 label in Malcolm Guthrie Guthrie ... to the Comparative Linguistics and Prehistory of the Bantu Languages . Volumes 1 4 . Farnborough Gregg ... ref of languages in the Bantu family. Lozi is spoken in Zambia and northeastern Namibia in the Caprivi Strip Caprivi . It is distinct from the other SothoTswanalanguages due to heavy linguistic influences from Luyaana language Luyaana , and possibly other Zambian and Caprivi languages. In the Guthrie .... Philippson eds. , The Bantu Languages , 609 638. London Curzon Routledge ref &mdash Lozi was misclassified as K.21. Northern Sotho, which appears largely to be a taxonomic holding category for what is SothoTswana but neither identifiably Southern Sotho nor Tswana, ref See Doke, Clement M. 1954 . The Southern Bantu Languages. Handbook of African Languages . Oxford Oxford University Press ref subsumes ... more details
The SothoTswana is the most commonly accepted name for a group of communities which speak Bantu languages living primarily in South Africa , Lesotho , Botswana , Zimbabwe and Zambia . Language See also SothoTswanalanguages The differentiation between the various black African groups in South Africa SothoTswana , Nguni people Nguni , Vhavenda and Vatsonga is primarily rooted in linguistics. They speak languages which fall under different sub branches of the Bantu language group, just as Germanic languages are mutually intelligible to an extent, and totally different from Romance languages . History Sometime between 200 500 CE, Bantu speaking peoples, who originated in the Katanga Province Katanga area today part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia , and had been Bantu expansion expanding across sub Saharan Africa , crossed the Limpopo River , entering the area today ... and SothoTswana. The former settled in the eastern coastal regions, while the latter settled primarily ... a very hazy allegiance to the nation s head chief. SothoTswana society was rocked at the beginning ... in 1965. Culture Like other Bantu speaking societies, many SothoTswana people still practice ... magic. Under European influence, most SothoTswana adopted Christianity . Lesotho is predominantly Catholic ... South Africa a century later proved how astute he had been . Most Batswana and northern Sotho belong to some Protestant denomination. Contemporary SothoTswana society is adapting to a rapidly urbanising ... cultural norms are predominant. Apartheid Like all non white South Africans, the SothoTswana people ... Among the SothoTswana author Setiloane, Gabriel M. year 1976 isbn 9061910072 Category Ethnic groups ... of Boer settlers from the Cape Colony into the interior territory, which was populated by SothoTswana peoples. Those settlers are called voortrekkers and sought to leave United Kingdom of Great .... The northern Sotho people Northern Sotho and Batswana were less politically centralized, and suffered ... more details
Sotho may refer to The Sotho people or Basotho , an African ethnic group principally resident in South Africa and Lesotho. The Sotho language Sesotho or Southern Sotho , a Bantu Language spoken in southern Africa, an official language of both South Africa and Lesotho. The Northern Sotho language or Sesotho sa Leboa , a group of related Bantu dialects classed together as an official language of South Africa. The SotholanguagesSotho S 30, or SothoTswana language group , a linguistic classification which groups together the related languagesSotho, Northern Sotho, Tswana, and Lozi. The SothoTswanaSothoTswana people , a group of southern African ethnic groups with a common history, speakers of languages in the Sotho group. Lesotho , a country in southern Africa entirely surrounded by South Africa . disambiguation fi Sotho ... more details
Tswana may refer to Tswana people a people in Botswana , north western South Africa and nearby areas Tswana language the language they speak and to a lesser extent Bophuthatswana the former bantustan for the Tswana people disambig de Tswana nl Tswana ... more details
Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Southern Bantoid languages Southern Bantoid fam6 Bantu languages Bantu fam7 Southern Bantu fam8 SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana nation flag Botswana br flag South Africa ... language Northern and Sotho language Southern Sotholanguages . The first major work on the Tswana ... language Southern Sotholanguages are distinct from Tswana. ref Harvnb Janson Tsonope 1991 pp 38 39 ... Languages of South Africa Languages of Zimbabwe Languages of Namibia DEFAULTSORT Tswana Language Category SothoTswanalanguages Category Languages of Botswana Category Languages of South Africa ... It is a Bantu languages Bantu language belonging to the Niger Congo languages Niger Congo language family within the Sotholanguages branch of Guthrie classification of Bantu languages Zone S Zone S S.30 , and is closely related to the Northern Sotho language Northern and Sotho language Southern Sotholanguages , as well as the Kgalagadi language and the Lozi language . Tswana is an official language ... Sotho language Northern and Sotho language Southern Sotholanguages was published by the French ... links InterWiki code tn http llmap.org languages tsn.html Map of Tswana language from the LL Map ... AUT eg incl. varieties 99 AUT ega to 99 AUT egn notice IPA File South Africa Tswana speakers proportion ... 60 col2 legend 31A354 60 80 legend 006D2C 80 100 File South Africa Tswana speakers density map.svg ... 1000 3000 km legend 800026 > 3000 km Tswana or Setswana is a language spoken in Southern Africa by about ... of Tswana speakers are found in South Africa where 3.4 million people speak the language. Until 1994, South African Tswana people were notionally citizens of Bophuthatswana , one of the few bantustan .... ref name ethnologue History The first person in history to describe the Tswana language was the Germans German traveller H. Lichtenstein who lived among the Tswana people Batlhaping in 1806, although ... more details
Bantu fam8 SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana fam9 SotholanguagesSotho nation flag Lesotho br flag ... to other major languages in the SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana language group Tswana language Tswana Setswana , the Northern Sotho language Northern Sotholanguages Sesotho sa Leboa , SheKgalagari ... , taboo groups, and so on. Classification Sotho is a Southern Bantu languages Southern Bantu language , belonging to the Niger Congo languages Niger Congo language family within the Sotholanguages ... it from Northern Sotho. The Sotholanguages are in turn closely related to other Southern Bantu ... can variously mean SothoTswana speakers, Sotho and Northern Sotho speakers, Sotho speakers, and residents ... speakers have mixed Nguni and SothoTswana ancestry. It seems that it is sometimes treated erroneously ... minor languages spoken in Lesotho as dialects of Sotho is considered patronising, in addition to being ... imported from Nguni languages ukuqala and ukuxabana , which is where the Sotho versions come from ... kabanga to think, c.f. Zulu ukucabanga . ref the Zambia n SothoTswana language Lozi language ... and polylectalism are very high. Official status Sotho is one of the eleven official languages of South Africa , and one of the two official languages of Lesotho . Derived languagesSotho is one ... between Makua and Sotholanguages . In PULA Journal of African Studies, vol. 11, no. 1 Related to other ... Project translating Free and Open Source Software into South African languages, including Sotho. http ... translate.org.za content view 1612 54 Mozilla Thunderbird email program in Sotho. Languages of Lesotho ... of Bantu language names DEFAULTSORT Sotho Category Agglutinative languages Category Languages of Lesotho Category Languages of South Africa Category Sotho language Category Vowel harmony languages ... language name Sotho nativename Sesotho pronunciation IPA st s s t states flag Lesotho br flag South Africa speakers at least 5 million ethnicity Sotho people Basotho familycolor Niger Congo fam2 ... more details
People ref region2 flag South Africa pop2 3,900,000 Tswana language Tswana speakers ref2 ref http www.statssa.gov.za census01 html CInBrief CIB2001.pdf ref languagesTswana language religions Christianity ... Infobox Bantu name Motswana Batswana Setswana Botswana Refimprove date September 2009 The Tswana lang tn Batswana , singular Motswana are a Southern African people. The Tswana language belongs to the Bantu languages Bantu group of the Niger Congo languages . Ethnic Tswana make up about 80 of the population ... is one of the eleven official languages nationwide. Until 1994, South African Tswana people were notionally ...About the ethnic group Tswana disambiguation Infobox ethnic group group Tswana image File Bechuana Congregation ... caption Depiction of a congregation of Tswana people with David Livingstone , by the London Missionary Society , circa 1900 population region1 flag Botswana pop1 poulation of ethnic Tswana is unknown ... the ethnic Tswana were half the population of the non Tswana 7,000 vs 16 000 Wayeyi alone Tlou 1985 . In the Central District, the non Tswana the Kalanga specifically, were more the than the Tswana. The ethnic Tswana are found in the Southern part of the Country. Walter and Ringenberg 1994 estimated that the non Tswana make 90 of the Population. RETENG, an organisation which has long advocated ... Population data and estimated that the ethnic Tswana made 17.9 of the population while the non Tswana ... . Europeans therefore referred to the area inhabited by the Tswana as Bechuanaland . In the Tswana language, however, Botswana is the name for the country of the Tswana. Dynasties and tribes ... for the Tswana people. All the country s eight major tribes speak Tswana. All have a traditional Paramount ... Botswana House of Chiefs . The Tswana dynasties are all related, and some have known splits into two or three competing lines. The principal Tswana tribes are the Kgatla tribe Bakgatla Koena tribe Bakwena ... Tawana tribe Batawana Tlokwa tribe Batlokwa South Africa The largest number of ethnic Tswana people ... more details
The Griqua, The SothoTswana, and the Missionaries, 1780 1840 location Ann Arbor publisher Univ. Microfilms ... library publications the world factbook geos lt.html ref Sotho is one of the two official languages ... SIL International. ref Sotho is one of the 11 official languages in South Africa. ref Constitution ... relative of Sotho in Zambia . ref Lewis, P. 2009 Ethnologue Languages of the World. Dallas SIL International ... of Namibia . ref Lewis, P. 2009 Ethnologue Languages of the World. Dallas SIL International. ref Sotho ... Languages Survey. Paris UNESCO. ref Difficulties still exist when using Sotho as a technical language ... Council UNESCO 2000 World Languages Survey. Paris UNESCO. ref Sotho has developed a sizable media ... and Educational Council UNESCO 2000 World Languages Survey. Paris UNESCO. ref Half hour Sotho news ... 2000 World Languages Survey. Paris UNESCO. ref Since the codification of Sotho orthography, literary ... I SothoTswanaSotho calendar References Reflist 3 Ethnic groups in South Africa DEFAULTSORT Sotho People ... Lesotho c. 1.8 million langs Sotho language Sesotho rels African traditional religion , Christian Infobox Bantu name Mosotho Basotho Sesotho Lesotho The ancestors of the Sotho people Basotho or Basuto have lived in southern Africa since around the fifth century. The Sotho nation emerged from the accomplished diplomacy of Moshoeshoe I who gathered together disparate clans of SothoTswana origin that had dispersed across southern Africa in the early 19th century. Most Sotho today live in South ... had emerged. Nguni languages Nguni speaking tribes primarily Zulu people Zulu and Xhosa people Xhosa occupied the east and southern coastal regions, while a series of Sotho kingdoms covered the southern ... . ref Sotho society was highly decentralized and organized on the basis of kraals, or extended ... impact on the history of the Sotho. To the east, Shaka rose to become emperor of the Zulu people ... with the Sotho people residing on the Highveld. Concurrently, the descendants of Dutch settlers ... more details
Grammars of specific languagesSotho Category Sotho grammar Use more practical stem based ordering ...Sotho grammar Sotho language div style float right width 15em background color f3f9ff border 1px solid ... of the differences between the two see the notes on Sotho orthography . Hovering the mouse cursor over ... qualities. div This article presents a brief overview of the grammar of the Sotho language and provides ... side... Typology The Sotho language may be described in several ways depending on the aspect being considered ... language more specifically, a complex grammatical tone language. See Sotho tonology . It has no grammatical ... gender system, but this does not include natural gender. See Sotho nouns . It has head first order ... a Sotho parts of speech Qualificative pronouns qualificative pronoun . It is a pro ... nouns or pronouns . Formatives Bantu languages are agglutinative &mdash words are constructed ... of words and are immutable except under Sotho phonology Phonetic processes purely phonetic changes ... speaking, roots themselves do not really have any meaning . Roots are the basis of the Sotho parts ... the root s form in predictable ways such as the Sotho phonology pp nasalization nasalization in the last ... trace the evolution and connections of different languages. Many roots are shared by a wide range of Bantu languages. ref name ntu root Including the root ntu whence the name Bantu languages ... in Sotho verbs Verbal derivatives verb derivations and conjugations . For example, from the verb ..., entwine dl dd H title m mo rara dotted no Sotho nouns nc 3 nom. 3 &ndash a bunch of grapes the grape plant any vine or climbing plant dd dd H title l le rara dotted no Sotho nouns ... to solve dd dd H title h h n ho rarahana dotted no Sotho verbs vbd associative ass. vb. &ndash to be entangled together dd dd dl dd H title h h n l ho rarahanela dotted no Sotho verbs vbd applied app. ass. vb. &ndash to spiral intransitive dd dl dd dd H title h n ho rarana dotted no Sotho ... more details
of the SothoTswanalanguages spoken in the former Transvaal including dialects of sePedi . The name ... the official languages of South Africa including Northern Sotho http translate.org.za content view 24 41 Keyboard with extra Northern Sotho characters Languages of South Africa DEFAULTSORT Northern Sotho Language Category SothoTswanalanguages Category Languages of South Africa Category Click languages ... Sotho is a language or a number of neighbouring languages within the SotholanguagesSotho branch ... Sotho, Tswana language seTswana , sheKgalagari and Lozi language siLozi . It comprises several distinct languages and or dialects. Confusion of nomenclature with sePedi Northern Sotho has often ... languages or dialects covered by the term Northern Sotho appear to be a diverse grouping of communal speech forms within the SothoTswana group. They are apparently united by the fact that they are classifiable neither as Southern Sotho nor as Tswana. ref See Doke, Clement M. 1954 . The Southern ... or sePulana , Khutswe, seTswapo and also Pai transitional between SothoTswana and Zulu . The morphological ... Sotho is no more than a holding category for otherwise unclassified SothoTswana varieties spoken ...Cleanup date March 2009 InterWiki code nso Infobox language name Northern Sotho nativename Sesotho sa ... familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo languages Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo languages Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid languages Bantoid fam5 Southern Bantoid languages Southern Bantoid fam6 Bantu languages Bantu fam7 Southern Bantu fam8 SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana fam9 SotholanguagesSotho dia1 Lobedu dialect Lobedu nation flag South Africa agency Pan South African Language Board iso2 nso iso3 nso lingua listing the following inner languages within outer language 99 AUT e Sotho language seSotho Tswana language seTswana 99 AUT ea Lobedu dialect kheLobedu 99 AUT eb thiPulana 99 AUT ... to 99 AUT eg Tswana language seTswana 99 AUT ff Pai transition from 99 AUT fg Zulu language isiZulu ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Tswana people Tswana are an African ethnic group , mostly resident in South Africa . A minority of this group is found in Botswana and forms the major ethnic group there. Tswana music is unusual in its lack of drum ming, and is heavily reliant on string instrument s and singing. Some of the instruments used include segaba and setinkane .The segaba is more like a violin , in the design, but uses only one string hooked to a tin. The setinkane is made with varying forks, and played more like a keyboard. During the colonial era, Tswana folk music was discouraged because it was considered a hindrance in the proper development of the region and people. Since independence for Botswana, folk music has been revived, though still the most popular music is from elsewhere in Africa especially South Africa , United States and Europe . DEFAULTSORT Tswana Music Category Botswana music Category South African styles of music SouthAfrica stub Botswana stub Music genre stub ... more details
Tswana is an indigenous beef cattle breed of Botswana . It is a Sanga cattle Sanga type, similar to Barotse and Tuli cattle Tuli . Its colour is plain black or multi coloured usually red pied, and rarely black pied. The breed can also be found in South Africa . Animals of this breed are well adapted to hot, dry environments and have a high level of tick and heat tolerance. Other common local names are Bechuana, Sechuana, Setswana, Batawana, Mangwato, Sengologa, and Seshaga. External links http efabis.tzv.fal.de Cattle Breeds cattle stub Botswana stub Category Cattle breeds Category Animal breeds originating in Botswana de Tswana Rind tn Kgomo ya Tswana ... more details
The phonology of Sesotho and those of the other SothoTswanalanguages are radically different from ... side... Historical sound changes Probably the most radical sound innovation in the SothoTswanalanguages ... communities . p p Note that some SothoTswanalanguages do have prenasalized consonants, or at least ... from neighbouring non SothoTswanalanguages. ref Thus isiZulu words such as e nt abeni on the mountain ... almost all other SothoTswanalanguages and dialects is the chain shift from IPA x and IPA k x to IPA ... is more conservative than other SothoTswanalanguages. For example, the language still retains ... is applied in the first noun but not the second. ref Many other SothoTswanalanguages have lost the fricative IPA , and some Northern Sotholanguages, possibly influenced by Tshivenda ... to be due to Khoisan influence. These consonants occur in the SothoTswana and Nguni languages being ... among the SothoTswanalanguages, Sesotho has adopted clicks. ref Urban varieties of Pedi language ... vowels td tr table Consonants The SothoTswanalanguages are peculiar among the Bantu family in that most .... Sesotho, uniquely among the recognised and standardised SothoTswanalanguages I hear that Sekgalagadi ... in most other major SothoTswanalanguages. ref For example H title h s ho senya dotted no to destroy ... SothoTswanalanguages, a much less common process also occurs where the near close vowels become ..., the SothoTswanalanguages are rarely said to have 11 vowels. li ul Anchor pp labialization hr width ... origins due to the influence of Difaqane refuges inheriting many words and idioms from non SothoTswana ... be counted as authentic phonemes especially since SothoTswana type labialization ... name kintu NC The SothoTswana ejective plosives IPA p , IPA t , and IPA k come from the Proto ... Tswanalanguages. Additionally, the first degree or superclose , heavy and second degree vowels have ... only before the close vowels IPA i and IPA u . Dialectical evidence shows that in the SothoTswana ... more details
Bantu languages, Sesotho is an agglutinative language spoken conjunctively however, like many Bantu languages it is written disjunctively. The difference lies in the characteristically European word division used for writing the language, in contrast with some Bantu languages such as the South African Nguni languages . This issue is investigated in more detail in Sotho grammar The Sesotho word ...Sotho orthography Sotho language Sotho The orthography of the Sotho language is fairly recent and is based on the Latin alphabet , but, like most languages written using the Latin alphabet, it does not use ..., with the Lesotho variant using diacritic s. As with almost all other Bantu languages , although the language ... they represent, see the phoneme tables at Sotho phonology . Note that often when a section discusses ... orthography &mdash not Sotho grammar The Sesotho word proper Sesotho words . ref a syllabic nasal ... simply attached to the Sotho nouns nc 1a class 1a noun in South Africa but Lesotho orthography uses ... of Sotho verbs The verbal complex the verb complex . One exception is the 1st. pers. sg Sotho ... parts of speech. With the exception of Sotho nouns nc 15 class 15 , noun class ... are written as one word. This most frequently occurs with Sotho parts of speech Adverbs adverbs . Of course ... Nguni languages where it is the first letter of the stem that is capitalized. H title l n t s ... language has Sotho phonology Vowels at least seven contrasting vowel phonemes , these are only written ... by the fact that very few of the large number of written Niger Congo languages have any consistently ... is composed of a Sotho deficient verbs dvg III Group III deficient verb H title je ye dotted no , indicating ... is indicated by the low toned Sotho concords con subjectival subjectival concord as well as the IPA ... other. Sotho alphabet Sesotho orthography is based on the following alphabet class wikitable width 500 ... mostly in old loanwords from Nguni languages and in ideophones le kh o kh o the part of the pap that remains ... more details
noun prefix ref name nom. aug It is interesting to note that the SothoTswanalanguages lack the high toned pre prefix augment that appears in the nouns of many other languages. Generally, the augments ... . p p The SothoTswana prefixes Rra and Mma arose when rare and mama were contracted to rre and mma ... Pronouns Sesotho pronouns . Bantu languages are often said to have sentences which are centred around ... mi , class 9 N etc. though there are some languages in which the vowel of the augment is weakened ..., like all other Bantu languages, uses a set of noun class es and each noun belongs to one of the classes ... made into a valid prefix per , thus a farmer would be perfarmer. To indicate languages ... appearing on some historical words as is now the case with some non Bantu Niger Congo languages ... order for emphasis as is indeed the case in the Bantu languages being tonal, Bantu languages cannot ... Bantu languages. Noun Classes 11 to 13, and 19 to 23 do not occur in Sesotho, but do occur in other Bantu languages isiZulu has class 11, Lozi language Silozi has Classes 11, 12, and 13, etc. . Each ... 1 2, 1 6, 1a 2a, 3 4, 5 6, 5 10, 7 8, 9 10, 9 6, and 14 6. ref Most languages have these first ten classes ... from comparing the class contents of various languages that there are some tentative semantic ..., there are no human class 3 nouns in Sesotho . In many other languages, however, class 1 contains ... to the specific singular classes in the literature of many of the languages. Except for class ... name class labels is fairly homogeneous in content and also contains the names of the languages or cultures ... and gerunds. ref name old 15 In Proto Bantu and many modern Bantu languages this class also contains ... with other languages reaveals their true class membership 15 . ref These may be used syntactically ... common formatives placed in the middle of a morpheme . Bantu languages, being agglutinative ... parts of speech Adverbs adverb . In many other Bantu languages, including Setswana , ref name tsw ... more details
. Typology One popular classification of tonal Bantu languages broadly separates them into two group shifting languages and spreading languages. The SothoTswanalanguages are bounded spreading languages ... to illustrate the tonal rules incorrectly. div Like almost all other Niger Congo languages , Sesotho ... tone languages with much more than just two toneme s, and the existence of breathy voice d consonants in the Nguni languages Nguni and other languages greatly complicates their tonology. In Sesotho ... underlying high tones. For example, in the Nguni languages the underlying high tone of verb stems ... is basically the syllable. In general, to include languages with long vowels, one may say that the TBU of Bantu languages is the mora linguistics mora , and indeed, when dealing with stressed syllables ... by syllabic H title l l dotted no and, in Northern Sotho language Northern Sotho and Setswana , syllabic ... &ndash though one might have expected . This is a general trend among almost all Bantu languages with contrastive or stressed lengthened vowels, though languages with breathy voiced consonants do have ...? Distinguishing semantic tone The most important property of tonal languages which distinguishes them from languages that merely use pitch as part of intonation such as English is the existence ... for a satisfactory theoretical framework to deal with the tonal grammars of Niger Congo languages ... to syllables to the right. The closely related Nguni languages, on the other hand, are unbounded shifting languages as they have primitive rules which directly cause underlying high tones to be moved .... Some Bantu languages also have a Plateau rule which changes tone pattern H H to HHH &mdash ... of Southern Sotho Grammar . Cape Town Longman Southern Africa, 3rd. impression. ISBN 0 582 ... more details
from some Nguni language it does not exist in most other SothoTswanalanguages . p p These are distinguished ... no may be due to Nguni thiwa most other SothoTswanalanguages use riwa instead . ref H title re ... and many Northern Sotholanguages was H title iw iwa dotted no , and so the suffixes are weakened ... and class 14 Sesotho nouns nouns . In the Bantu languages , verbs often form the centre of a complex ... purely phonetic changes and Bantu languages share numerous similar verb roots with predictable sound changes between languages . Stem H title b n bona dotted no see, from root H title b n bon dotted ... languages ref name mono stems The first two verbs, together with the Sesotho parts of speech Copulatives ... import , are used in many Bantu languages in generally restricted circumstances. p p There exists certain defective verbs across most Bantu languages Proto Bantu di Sesotho participial copulative H ... with objects, they never take objectival concords in Sesotho and many other languages, H title re ... uncommon in Bantu languages and, in some languages but not in Sesotho, causing changes to concords ... languages Sesotho normal H title k m j t f p n t Ke mang ya tla ... Congo languages Niger Congo family outside the Bantu sub branch. br Anchor vbd neuter act hr ... suffix to look like it came from Proto Bantu ed instead of id , is found in many other Bantu languages ... all Bantu languages still are, fairly strong restrictions on the ordering of the verbal extensions ... their short forms as found in other languages Proto Bantu intransitive uk and transitive ud ... no ref name ext loan Comparison with other languages shows that this is actually irregular as one would ... of reduplication in Bantu languages, is also sometimes used to indicate an intensification and or repetition ... comes from the fact that in many other Bantu languages these verbs do actually indicate present ... of a morpheme . Bantu languages, being agglutinative, construct words by placing affixes around ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Sesotho calendar Sotho The Sotho language Sesotho has traditional names for the months of the familiar Gregorian calendar. The names reflect a deep connection that the Sotho people Basotho traditionally have with the natural world and the importance of agriculture. Although the month names are often not used by the general public being considered part of deep Sesotho , they are regularly used in news broadcasts and other media and are more common than English imports. Additionally, the names of the seasons and the days of the week are regularly used by all speakers. TOC br clear all All 44 instances of the hover text match the regular expression H title dotted no This regex should work with most engines it was tested with the Python re library , though you should probably escape the curly braces just to be on the safe side... Months The names of the months H title dix edi dikgwedi dotted no indicate special natural and agricultural events which traditionally happened during the period. Being cattle breeders who lived in the semi arid regions of Southern Africa, a deep understanding of agriculture and the natural world was essential for the survival of the Basotho people. The year begins roughly in the month of August, when the seeds are planted in anticipation of the next month s explosion of life. ref name folk etym Many of the explanations of the names that follow are probably very good examples of folk etymology , and may not necessarily be entirely accurate. ref H title p t Phato dotted no August &mdash from the verb H title f t fata dotted no dig as the barren fields are ploughed and prepared in anticipation of the next months explosion of life. H title l et s Lwetse dotted no September &mdash lots of grass grows and the cows grow fat on it. They produce so much milk that the expression H title l b s l wet s lebese le ... Afrique centrale. Category Calendars Category Sotho language Calendar Category Sotho people ... more details
comparing of the morphologies of several languages and developing a set of expected concords and structures ... languages have many more enumeratives with a particular class of meanings denoting the numbers 1 to 5 ... 1 and 2 concords . The exact number of concords differs from language to language, but all Bantu languages ... and other languages, suggests an original Proto Bantu prefix ni , but that does not explain the nasalization ... in the middle of a morpheme . Bantu languages, being agglutinative, construct words by placing ..., C. M. , and Mofokeng, S. M. 1974. Textbook of Southern Sotho Grammar . Cape Town Longman Southern Africa, 3rd. impression. ISBN 0 582 61700 6. DEFAULTSORT Concords Category Sotho grammar ... more details
Richard Miles was a Motswana Tswana people Tswana catechist and preacher to the native tribes beyond the border in South Africa . ref name Morris, D 2001 Morris, D. 2001. Who was Richard Miles? Now and Then Newsletter of the Historical Society of Kimberley and the Northern Cape 8 1 6. ref ref name els Morris, D. http www.elsmere.itgo.com catalog.html Richard Miles Motswana preacher to the native tribes beyond the border , ref Origins Nothing definite is known of Richard Miles s origins, except that he was born a Motswana Tswana people Tswana , and as a youth was in the employ of the apothecary John Harfield Tredgold in Cape Town . ref name Morris, D 2001 ref name Ashworth, M.G 1974 Ashworth, M.G. 1974. The life and fortunes of John Pocock of Cape Town, 1814 1876 Tredgold, A.1990. The Ardernes and their garden . Cape Town Arderne Book Trust. ref Tredgold was Secretary of the Cape of Good Hope Philanthropic Society for aiding deserving slaves and slave children to purchase their freedom , and maintained regular association with mission activities. He would have been well acquainted with the London Missionary Society Superintendent, the Revd Richard Miles who was also on the committee of the Philanthropic Society . The Revd Miles occupied the position as Superintendent at the Cape temporarily in the late 1820s, while John Philip missionary Dr John Philip was in England . ref Sibree, J. 1923. A register of missionaries, deputations, etc from 1796 to 1923 . London LMS. ref It is presumed that Richard Miles, the Motswana, had been one of the many youngsters displaced by turbulence ... Society Berlin Missionaries to establish a station amongst the Tswana people Tswana in the interior ... needed date June 2011 incursions into Tswana people Tswana territory persuaded the missionaries that work .... And so Miles s interpretive skills were tested to the limit some of the Korana had a smattering of Tswana ... as agent for the Tswana Chief Lephoi, at Bethulie . Here he became embroiled in land speculation ... more details
Infobox language family name Southern Bantu altname region South Africa , Zimbabwe , Botswana , Mozambique familycolor Niger Congo fam2 Atlantic Congo fam3 Benue Congo fam4 Bantoid fam5 Bantu languages Bantu The Southern Bantu languages are large group of Bantu languages , largely validated in Janson 1991 92 . They are nearly synonymous with Guthrie s Guthrie classification of Bantu languages Bantu zone S , apart from the exclusion of Shona languages Shona and the inclusion of Makua. They include all of the important Bantu languages of South Africa , Botswana , and Mozambique . Languages Language groups are followed by their code in the Guthrie classification of Bantu languages Guthrie classification . Makhuwa languages Makua P30 see Chopi ? S60 Chopi language Chopi , Tonga language Mozambique Tonga Nguni languages S40 Zunda Xhosa language Xhosa , Zulu language Zulu , Northern Ndebele language Northern Ndebele Tekela languages Tekela Swati language Swati , Phuthi language Phuthi , Southern Ndebele language Southern Ndebele , Lala language Lala . Sotho Tswana languages Sotho Tswana S30 K20 Tswana language Tswana , Birwa language Birwa Tswapong language Tswapong , Kgalagadi language Kgalagadi . Sotho languages Sotho Northern Sotho Pedi , Southern Sotho Sotho , Lozi language Lozi . Tswa Ronga ? S50 Ronga language Ronga , Tswa language Tswa , Tsonga language Tsonga Gwamba Venda language Venda S20 nowiki nowiki Official languages The validity of Chopi and Tswa Ronga as branches is in doubt. Some classifications prior to Janson added retained Shona languages Shona as a coordinate branch, along with Nyasa languages Nyasa , or excluded Makhuwa languages Makua . Category Southern Bantu languages nc lang stub pl J zyki tswa ronga simple Southern Bantu languages ... more details
concords. ref Classification Even though many other Bantu languages have some deficient verbs, the system used in the SothoTswanalanguages is unusually intricate and specialized, with a rather large ... dotted no remain behind , and this form is often used in the Northern Sotholanguages for the same ...Sesotho deficient verbs Sotho language div style float right width 15em background color f3f9ff border 1px solid aaa padding 0 0.5em margin 0.5em font size 90 Notes The orthography used in this and related articles is that of South Africa , not Lesotho . For a discussion of the differences between the two see the notes on Sesotho orthography . Hovering the mouse cursor over most H title tal k italic dotted no Sesotho text should reveal an International Phonetic Alphabet IPA pronunciation key excluding tones . Note that often when a section discusses formatives, affixes, or vowels it may be necessary to view the IPA to see the proper conjunctive word division and vowel qualities. div In the Sotho language , the deficient verbs are a special subset of Sesotho verbs that require a subordinate or complementary verb to complete their action, and which are used to form many tenses and to impart certain shades of meaning to the Predicate grammar predicate . These verbs form part of multi verbal conjugations comprising a string of verbs each with its own Sesotho concords con subjectival subjectival concord and Sesotho grammar gf verbal auxiliary verbal auxiliaries . Deficient verbs, being deficient , are never used alone. Many of them are irregular in form and have irregular inflexions ... Apart from Sesotho verbs The verbal complex the verbal complex , researchers of Bantu languages ... translation . ref For example, many languages with unbounded tonal shift or spread laws ... of Southern Sotho Grammar . Cape Town Longman Southern Africa, 3rd. impression. ISBN 0 582 61700 6. DEFAULTSORT Deficient Verbs Category Sotho grammar ... more details
forms for 2 to 5 in particular, the forms in the SothoTswanalanguages are nasally permuted ... SothoTswanalanguages, because the Sesotho H title ng dotted no is an irregular Enumeratives ... wikitable Numerals in several Bantu languages No. Sesotho Setswana Tswana Swahili language Swahili ... classification is obviously quite different from that of European and Classical languages, and these terms are used to avoid the temptation of treating Bantu languages in the same manner as European languages, and to avoid the implications of more traditional terms. ref ol type I Roman numerals ... side... As a rule, Bantu languages do not have any preposition s ref name no prep Sometimes a certain ..., all qualificatives agree with the noun they are qualifying. p p The terms have more validity in languages ... its form. ref name ngu pron In the Nguni languages , for example, prefixes are attached to the pronoun ... pronouns Sesotho has three positional types of pronouns 1 less than many other Bantu languages ... languages have several quantitative pronouns, Sesotho only has the H title e hle dotted no all whole ... clearly seen in other languages such as isiZulu , where a simple inflected qualificative is sometimes ... used with the Sesotho concords con adjectival adjectival concords . In the Bantu languages, the adjectives form a closed class with some languages having no proper adjectives at all . Sesotho has a rather ... in Sesotho, since most other Bantu languages have the colours as relatives instead. class wikitable ... concords con relative relative concords . In the Bantu languages, the relatives form an open ... ya tsofetseng dotted no an old man Enumeratives In the Bantu languages, enumeratives are a category ... . In many Bantu languages the first five numerals belong to this category, but in Sesotho only .... This happens less commonly in Sesotho than in many other Bantu languages the relative ...... Bantu languages tend to use a quinary counting system with six basic numbers, the other four ... more details
Languages of country Botswana official English language English national Tswana language Tswana Culture of Botswana The official language of Botswana is English. Tswana language Setswana is spoken by around 78 of the population. External links http www.ethnologue.com show country.asp?name Botswana Ethnologue listing of Botswana languagesLanguages of Botswana Languages of Africa Botswana stub Category Languages of Botswana fr Langues du Botswana tn Dipuo tsa mo Botswana ... more details
languages Zulu, Xhosa, Swati and Ndebele and three are SothoTswanalanguages Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho and Tswana . Tsonga is a Tswa Ronga languages Tswa Ronga language . South African Sign ... South Africa SothoTswana speakers proportion map.svg 220 South Africa SothoTswana speakers density map.svg 220 Proportion of the population that speaks a SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana language ... 31A354 60 80 legend 006D2C 80 100 Density of home language speakers of SothoTswanalanguages. Clear ... represented in South Africa the SothoTswanalanguagesSothoTswana branch Sotho, Northern Sotho, Tswana , or the Nguni languages Nguni branch Zulu, Xhosa, Swati, Ndebele . For each of the two groups ... The official languages of the Republic are Northern Sotho language Sepedi , Sesotho , Tswana language ... language Ndebele , Northern Sotho , Sotho language Sotho , Swazi language Swazi , Tswana language Tswana , Tsonga language Tsonga , Venda language Venda , Xhosa language Xhosa and Zulu language Zulu ... predominant in the south eastern third of the country Indian Ocean coast and Sotholanguages being ... Northern Sotho align right 4,209,000 align right 9.4 Tswana language Tswana align right 3,677,000 ... one language. Dutch and English were the first official languages of South Africa from 1910 to 1925. Afrikaans was Official Languages of the Union Act, 1925 added as a part of Dutch in 1925 . Dutch was replaced by Afrikaans when South Africa became a republic in 1961, ref The Official Languages ... two official languages English and Afrikaans. ref http www.info.gov.za documents constitution 83cons.htm ref The English version of the South African constitution refers to the languages by the names in those languages Zulu language isiZulu , Xhosa language isiXhosa , Afrikaans , Northern Sotho language Sepedi referring to Northern Sotho , Tswana language Setswana , English language English , Sesotho language Sesotho referring to Southern Sotho , Tsonga language Xitsonga , Swati language Siswati ... more details
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