Evolutionary biology Speciation is the evolution ary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook seems to have been the first to coin the term speciation for the splitting ... to speciation is the subject matter of much ongoing discussion. There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are geographically isolated from one another allopatric speciation allopatric , peripatric speciation peripatric , parapatric speciation parapatric , and sympatric speciation sympatric . Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry or laboratory experiments. Observed examples of each kind of speciation ... of Speciation by Joseph Boxhorn. Retrieved 8 June 2009. ref Natural speciation Image Punctuated ... and rare, relatively rapid bursts of evolutionary change. Image Speciation modes.svg right thumb 400px Comparison of allopatric speciation allopatric , peripatric speciation peripatric , parapatric speciation parapatric and sympatric speciation . All forms of natural speciation have taken place ... of each mechanism in driving biodiversity. ref cite journal title Adaptive speciation The role of natural selection in mechanisms of geographic and non geographic speciation author J.M. Baker journal ... 2005 pages 303 326 pmid 19260194 doi 10.1016 j.shpsc.2005.03.005 ref One example of natural speciation ... ice age, has undergone speciation into new freshwater colonies in isolated lakes and streams. Over ... Kingsley, D.M. January 2009 From Atoms to Traits, Scientific American, p. 57 ref Speciation Rate There is debate as to the rate at which speciation events occur over geologic time. While some evolutionary biologists claim that speciation events have remained relatively constant over time, some palaeontologist ... over long stretches of time, and that speciation occurs only over relatively brief intervals, a view known as punctuated equilibrium . Allopatric Main allopatric speciation During allopatric ... more details
Speciation may refer to Speciation biology , evolutionary process by which new biological species arise Speciation chemistry , distribution of chemical elements disambig it Speciazione ... more details
Image Speciation modes.svg right thumb 300px Comparison of allopatric speciation allopatric , peripatric speciation peripatric , parapatric speciation parapatric and sympatric speciation sympatric speciation . Heteropatric and heteropatry are terms from biogeography , referring to organism s whose geographical ranges overlap or are even identical, so that they occur together at least in some places, but which occupy ecological niche s distinct enough to prevent frequent Hybrid biology hybridization . Such organisms are usually closely related e.g. sister species , their distribution and ecology being the result of heteropatric speciation . Heteropatric speciation is a special case of sympatric speciation that occurs when different ecotypes or Race biology race s of the same species geographically ... speciation is a refinement of our notion of sympatric speciation in that it represents a behavioral .... The importance of behavioral separation as a mechanism for promoting sympatric speciation in a heterogeneous ... speciation . ref J. Maynard Smith, 1966. Sympatric speciation. The American Naturalist 110 637 ... Biology 36 34 58. ref of conditions that facilitate sympatric speciation . Although some evolutionary biologists still regard sympatric speciation as a highly contentious issue, both theoretical ref D. I. Bolnick, 2006. Multispecies outcomes in a common model of sympatric speciation. Journal .... Habitat avoidance overlooking an important aspect of host specific mating and sympatric speciation. Evolution 59 1552 1559. ref studies increasingly support sympatric speciation as a likely process ... resolves the issue of sympatric speciation by reducing it to a scaling issue in terms of the way ... into account. See also Adaptive radiation Sympatry Allopatry Cladistics Phylogenetics speciation sympatric speciation allopatric speciation References references speciation DEFAULTSORT Heteropatric Speciation Category Biogeography Category Speciation evolution stub ... more details
Evolutionary biology Image Speciation modes.svg left thumb 300px Comparison of allopatric speciation allopatric , peripatric, parapatric speciation parapatric and sympatric speciation sympatric speciation . Peripatric and peripatry are terms from biogeography , referring to organism s whose ranges are closely adjacent but do not overlap, being separated where these organisms do not occur &ndash for example a wide river or a mountain range. Such organisms are usually closely related e.g. sister species , their distribution being the result of peripatric speciation . Peripatric speciation is a form of speciation , the formation of new species through evolution . In this form, new species are formed in isolated peripheral populations this is similar to allopatric speciation in that populations are isolated and prevented from exchanging genes. However, peripatric speciation, unlike allopatric speciation, proposes that one of the populations is much smaller than the other. One possible consequence of peripatric speciation is that a geographically widespread ancestral species becomes paraphyletic , thereby becoming a paraspecies . The concept of a paraspecies is therefore a logical consequence of the Evolutionary Species Concept, by which one species give rise to a daughter species. The evolution of the polar bear from the brown bear is a well documented example of a living species that gave ... speciation was originally proposed by Ernst Mayr , and is related to the founder effect , because ... title Ernst Mayr Genetics and speciation url http www.genetics.org cgi content full 167 3 1041 journal ... drift is often proposed to play a significant role in peripatric speciation. ref cite journal author Templeton AR title The theory of speciation via the founder principle url http www.genetics.org cgi ... pmc 1214177 ref References Reflist speciation show no evolution show no DEFAULTSORT Peripatric Speciation Category Ecology Category Evolutionary biology Category Speciation Category Scientific classification ... more details
a Cline population genetics cline . In parapatric speciation there is no specific extrinsic ... has been known to undergo parapatric speciation in such cases as mining mine contamination of an area ... self pollinating . Similarly, a recent study provided evidence for parapatric speciation in Tennessee ... j.1365 294X.2008.03750.x pmid 18410292 ref Another example are ring species . See also species speciation allopatry , allopatric speciation peripatry , peripatric speciation sympatry , sympatric speciation ... http evolution.berkeley.edu evolibrary article 0 0 speciationmodes 04 Parapatric speciation. in Understanding ... Berkeley evolution 101 speciation show yes evolution show no DEFAULTSORT Parapatric Speciation Category Ecology Category Evolutionary biology Category Speciation Category Scientific ... more details
Evolutionary biology Allopatric speciation from the ancient Greek allos, other Greek patra, fatherland or geographic speciation is speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species ... isolation is a key factor in speciation and a common process by which new species arise. ref ... , is a consequence of allopatric speciation among island populations. Isolating mechanisms Image Speciation modes.svg right thumb 360px Comparison of allopatric , peripatric speciation peripatric , parapatric speciation parapatric and sympatric speciation sympatric speciation Allopatric speciation ... species , such a distribution is usually the result of allopatric speciation . Separation may be attributed ... the two groups is disrupted, speciation becomes a possibility. Allopatric speciation in peripheral populations Main Peripatric speciation When populations become genetically isolated, heritable variations ... not evolve as a consequence of external forces that drive populations toward speciation. Rather, the evolution of reproductive isolation, leading to speciation, is generally thought to be an incidental ..., fertile offspring with members of other species. Mayr, a proponent of allopatric speciation, hypothesized ... of other types of speciation, such as sympatric speciation , parapatric speciation , and heteropatric speciation , is debated. Proponents of peripatric speciation contend that small population ... a role in many cases of speciation. Alternative modes of speciation Sympatric speciation represents an alternative method of speciation that does not require physical separation instead speciation occurs ... range of its parent population. In parapatric speciation there is no physical barrier to gene ... p 473 ref Allopatric speciation is thought to be the dominant mode of speciation. ref Harvnb Futuyma 1980 p 254 ref Examples Image Drosophila speciation experiment.svg right thumb 425px Allopatric speciation among Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies The African Elephant has always been regarded ... more details
Evolutionary biology Sympatric speciation is the process through which new species evolve from a single ... related e.g. sister species , such a distribution may be the result of sympatric speciation . Etymological ... Society of London 1903 lxxvii cxvi. ref Sympatric speciation is one of three traditional geographic categories for the phenomenon of speciation. ref name Futuyma 2009 Futuyma, D. J. 2009 ..., B. M., J. A. Fordyce, and S. Gavrilets. 2008. What, if anything, is sympatric speciation? Journal of Evolutionary Biology 21 1452 1459. ref Allopatric speciation is the evolution of geographically ... of gene flow, which tends to keep populations genetically similar. Parapatric speciation is the evolution ... despite limited interbreeding where the two diverging groups come into contact. In sympatric speciation ..., sympatric speciation is thought to be an uncommon but plausible process by which genetic divergence ... 2007 Bolnick, D. I. and B. M. Fitzpatrick. 2007. Sympatric speciation Models and empirical evidence ... of Genetics publisher Oxford University Press edition 7th year 2006 ref Evidence Image Speciation modes.svg frame left Comparison of allopatric speciation allopatric , peripatric speciation peripatric , parapatric speciation parapatric and sympatric speciation A number of models have been proposed to account for this mode of speciation. The most popular, which invokes the disruptive selection model, was first put forward by John Maynard Smith in 1966. ref cite journal title Sympatric Speciation ... would be favoured over heterozygosity, eventually leading to speciation. Sympatric divergence ... may drive speciation because they also affect mating signals. In this case, different beak ... None ref A further well studied circumstance of sympatric speciation is when insects feed on more ... see heteropatry speciation. The apple feeding race of this species appears to have spontaneously ... to demonstrate sympatric speciation. For example, Nicaragua crater lake cichlid fishes include at least ... more details
Evolutionary biology Hybrid speciation is a form of speciation wherein Hybrid biology hybridization between two different closely related species leads to a novel species, reproductively isolated from the parent species. From the 1940s, reproductive isolation between hybrids and their parents was thought to be particularly difficult to achieve and thus hybrid species considered to be extremely rare. With DNA analysis becoming more accessible in the 1990s, hybrid species have been showed to be a fairly common phenomenon, particularly in plants. ref name Arnold cite book last Arnold first M.L. title ... 296. ref Hybrid speciation ecology A hybrid may have a distinct trait phenotype . This phenotype may ... of genetic variation, and can in itself facilitate speciation. There is evidence that introgression ... speciation For the hybrid individual to form have superior fitness, it will generally have to be able ... fluctuation of water level in Lake Malawi , a situation that generally favour speciation ... year 1927 volume 2 pages 311 356 ref A form of hybrid speciation that is relatively common in plants ... without change in chromosome number is called homoploid hybrid speciation. ref name Arnold This is the situation ... reduction of chromosome numbers, creating reproductive barriers and thus allowing speciation. Known cases of hybrid speciation File Heliconius mimicry.png thumb right Closely related Heliconius species ... Animals Hybrid speciation in animals is primarily homoploid . While not very common, a few animal species ... cite journal author Brower AVZ title Hybrid speciation in Heliconius butterflies? A review and critique ... ref Many of the crop species are hybrids, ref name Otto and hybridization is an important factor in speciation ... content 85 1 135.full.pdf accessdate 14 December 2011 ref Homoploid speciation has given rise ..., E., Salcedo, C., Jiggins, C.D. , Linares, M. 2006 Speciation by hybridization in Heliconius butterflies. Nature. speciation Category Hybridisation biology Category Genetics Category Speciation Category ... more details
Speciation of ions refers to the changing concentration of varying forms of an ion as the pH of the solution changes. Image Weak acid speciation3.png thumb 200px right The ratio of acid, AH and conjugate base, A sup &minus sup , concentrations varies as the difference between the pH and the p K sub a sub varies, in accordance with the Henderson Hasselbalch equation . The pH of a solution of a monoprotic weak acid can be expressed in terms of the extent of dissociation. After rearranging the expression defining the acid dissociation constant , and putting pH log sub 10 sub H sup sup , one obtains pH p K sub a sub log AH A sup sup This is a form of the Henderson Hasselbalch equation . It can be deduced from this expression that when the acid is 1 dissociated, that is, when AH A sup sup 100, pH p K sub a sub 2 when the acid is 50 dissociated, that is, when AH A sup sup 1, pH p K sub a sub when the acid is 99 dissociated, that is, when AH A sup sup 0.01, pH p K sub a sub 2 It follows that the range of pH within which there is partial dissociation of the acid is about p K sub a sub 2. This is shown graphically at the right. A practical application of these results is that the pH transition range of a pH indicator is approximately p K sub a sub 1 the colour of the indicator in its acid form is different from the colour of the conjugate base form. In the transition range both forms are in equilibrium, so the colour is intermediate. Outside the transition range the concentration of acid or conjugate base is less than 10 and the colour of the major species dominates. Image Citric acid speciation.png thumb 200 px Species concentrations calculated with the program http www.hyperquad.co.uk hyss.htm HySS for a 10mM solution of citric acid. p K sub a1 sub 3.13, p K sub a2 sub 4.76, p K sub a3 sub 6.40. A weak acid may be defined as an acid with p K sub a sub greater than about 2. An acid with p K sub a sub 2 would be 99 dissociated at pH 0, that is, in a 1 M HCl solution. Any acid ... more details
unreferenced date December 2007 Speciation is a process that occurs naturally in evolution and is modeled explicitly in some genetic algorithms . Speciation in nature occurs when two similar reproducing beings evolve to become too dissimilar to share genetic information effectively or correctly. In the case of living organisms , they are incapable of mating to produce offspring . Interesting special cases of different species being able to breed exist, such as a horse and a donkey mating to produce a mule . However in this case the Mule is usually infertile, and so the genetic isolation of the two parent species is maintained. In implementations of genetic search algorithms, the event of speciation is defined by some mathematical function that describes the similarity between two candidate solutions usually described as individuals in the population. If the result of the similarity is too low, the chromosomal crossover crossover Operation mathematics operator is disallowed between those individuals. See also DEFAULTSORT Speciation Genetic Algorithm Category Evolutionary algorithms Category Genetic algorithms ... more details
The observation that the trophic structures i.e. mouth s of Sympatric speciation sympatric congeneric species generally vary by a factor of 1.3. Clarify date May 2011 This variation presumably leads to niche differentiation , allowing coexistence of multiple similar species in the same habitat , by partitioning food resources. Category Speciation Category Ecology Unreferenced date April 2011 biology stub ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Expert subject Genetics date April 2008 A genetic isolate is population of organisms that has little genetic mixing with other organisms within the same species. This may result in speciation , but this is not necessarily the case. Genetic isolates may form new species in several ways allopatric speciation , in which two populations of the same species are geographically isolated from one another by an extrinsic barrier, and evolve intrinsic genetic reproductive isolation peripatric speciation , in which a small group of a population is separated from the main population, and experiences genetic drift parapatric speciation , in which zones of two diverging populations are separate, but do overlap somewhat partial separation is afforded by geography, so individuals of each species may come in contact from time to time, but selection for specific behaviours or mechanisms may prevent breeding between the two groups. sympatric speciation , a contentious method of speciation in which species diverge while inhabiting the same place. Human influences on genetic isolates include restricted Dog breeding breeding of dogs , or a community living secluded away from others such as Tristan da Cunha or Pitcairn Islands . A far larger and less secluded human genetic isolate is the ethnic Finns , natives of Finland see Finnish disease heritage . See also Language isolate Linkage disequilibrium DEFAULTSORT Genetic Isolate Category Speciation ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Diachasma alloeum regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Hymenoptera superfamilia Ichneumonoidea familia Braconidae subfamilia Opiinae genus Diachasma species D. alloeum binomial Diachasma alloeum binomial authority Muesebeck , 1956 Diachasma alloeum is a small wasp in the family Braconidae . It is a parasitoid of Rhagoletis pomonella , the apple maggot . The wasp lays its eggs into third instar larvae of the fly, which then develop after the larvae have pupated. The immature wasps then eat the fly larvae and overwinter inside the fly puparia. Diachasma alloeum wasps attacking Rhagoletis pomonella in apples appear to be undergoing a speciation event in concert with their hosts. ref Forbes, A.A., L.L. Stelinski, T.H.Q. Powell, J.J. Smith and J.L. Feder. 2009. Sequential sympatric speciation across trophic levels. Science 323 776 779. ref This is an example of sequential sympatric speciation . References Reflist Category Braconidae Category Animals described in 1956 Wasp stub ... more details
Scripta 2011 40 4 350 363. ref References references See also Biological species Allopatric speciation Parapatric speciation Sympatric speciation Category Evolutionary biology Category Population genetics Category Speciation ca Esp cies bessones de Zwillingsart es Especies gemelas it Sibling species ... more details
a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation . Such speciation may be a product of reproductive ... gene flow that results in genetic divergence. Sfn Futuyma 2009 p 241 Sympatric speciation does not imply secondary contact, which is speciation or divergence in allopatry followed by range expansions ... changes in response to their varying environments. These may drive allopatric speciation , which is arguably the dominant mode of speciation. Evolving definitions and controversy The lack of geographic ... in complete speciation until recently, many researchers considered it nonexistent, doubting that selection ... Karen McCoy suggested that sympatry can act as a mode of speciation only when the probability ... the range of the population during the period of reproduction. ref name Sympatric speciation ... speciation in parasites what is sympatry? author McCoy, K.D. publisher Trends date 2003 page 400 404 ref . In essence, sympatric speciation does require very strong forces of natural selection to be acting ..., recent research has begun to indicate that sympatric speciation is not as uncommon as was once assumed. Sympatric speciation Image Speciation modes.svg thumb 360px Different modes of speciation Main Sympatric speciation The lack of geographic constraint in isolating sympatric populations implies that the emerging species avoid interbreeding via other mechanisms. Before speciation is complete, two diverging populations may still produce viable offspring. As speciation progresses, isolating mechanisms ... speciation. If hybrid offspring are either sterile or less fit than non hybrid offspring, mating ... mating between individuals of the two species. ref name On the origin of species by sympatric speciation ... of species by sympatric speciation author Dieckmann, U. & Doebeli, M. publisher Nature date 1999 page ... species pairs in closely related Drosophila . ref name Patterns of Speciation in Drosophila cite web title Patterns of Speciation in Drosophila url http www.jstor.org stable 2409213 publisher Evolution ... more details
italic title Systematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist is a book written by zoologist and evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr that was first published in 1942. The book became one of the canonical publications on the modern evolutionary synthesis . Based on Mayr s Jesup Lectures delivered at Columbia University in 1941, the book combines concepts of zoology and genetics and features Mayr s species biological species concept . The biological species concept developed by Mayr defines a species in terms of biological factors such as biological reproduction reproduction , taking into account ecology, geography, and life history it remains an important and useful idea in biology, particularly for animal speciation. In December 2004 the United States National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Sciences held a colloquium in honour of Mayr s 100th birthday. Systematics and the Origin of Species On Ernst Mayr s 100th Anniversary was also published in commemoration. Contents The Methods and Principles of Systematics Taxonomic Characters and Their Variation Phenomena of Geographic Variation Some Aspects of Geographic Variation The Systematic Categories and the New Species Concept The Polytypic Species, in Nature and in Systematics The Species in Evolution Nongeographic Speciation The Biology of Speciation The Higher Categories and Evolution DEFAULTSORT Systematics And The Origin Of Species Category Books about evolution Category 1942 books Science book stub Evolution stub pt Systematics and the Origin of Species ... more details
A species complex is a group of closely related species, where the exact demarcation between species is often unclear or cryptic owing to their recent and usually still incomplete reproductive isolation . Ring species , superspecies and cryptic species complex are example of species complex. Such groups of species with complex relationship between species may occur in a line undergoing rapid speciation or where such speciaton recently have occurred, so that species separation mechanisms has yet to be fully developed. Such cases may leave some species paraphyletic at the species level and to hybrid speciation hybrid species , making phylogeny phylogenetic analysis dificult. Species complexes are more common among plants , but animal examples exist, such as the dog wolf coyote complex the genus Canis and the cobras genus Naja . Often such complexes only become evident when a new species is introduced into the system, breaking down existing species barriers. An example is the introduction of Spanish slug in Northern Europe , where interbreeding with the local black slug and red slug , traditionally considered clearly separate species that did not interbreed, shows these may actually be subspecies of the same species. ref da icon Engelke, S. 2006? Til Snegleforeningen Note to the Danish Slug society . http www.dansksnegleforening.dk Af 20Sabine 20Engelke.htm Article in Danish ref Examples of known species complexes Animals The wolf dog coyote dingo group, genus Canis The cobras, genus Naja Some species of the roundback slugs, genus Arion gastropod Arion The jellyfish genus Cyanea jellyfish Cyanea , with from 1 to 14 species, depending on author. References reflist speciation Category Speciation Category Evolutionary biology no Artskompleks ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Genetic divergence is the process in which two or more populations of an ancestral species accumulate independent genetic changes mutations through time, often after the populations have become Reproductive isolation reproductively isolated for some period of time. In some cases, subpopulations living in ecology ecologically distinct peripheral environments can exhibit genetic divergence from the remainder of a population, especially where the range of a population is very large see parapatric speciation . The genetic differences among divergent populations can involve silent mutations that have no effect on the phenotype or give rise to significant Morphology biology morphological and or physiology physiological changes. Genetic divergence will always accompany reproductive isolation, either due to novel adaptation s via selection or due to genetic drift , and is the principal mechanism underlying speciation . Evolution DEFAULTSORT Genetic Divergence Category Evolutionary biology Category Genetics Genetics stub bg de Divergenz Biologie et Divergents bioloogia id Divergensi genetis ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The term allochrony is used in ecology to describe a situation where two biological entities typically species occur in the same area, and are thus sympatric , but are never or rarely active simultaneously. The most common temporal scale at which this is seen is seasonal, and greater emphasis is placed on the phenomenon when the two entities share a common resource for which they would otherwise be in competition for example, feeding on the same host biology host plant, or consuming the same prey . Allochrony is one of the few ecological phenomena that lend clear support to models and theories of sympatric speciation the idea that related lineages can differentiate into independent gene pool s while still sharing the same physical environment, simply by virtue of changes in the life cycle that lead to separation in time of different portions of the ancestral population. Category Ecological processes Category Speciation ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The Turnover pulse hypothesis was constructed by paleoanthropologist Elisabeth Vrba used to gauge the rate of survival and adaptations within species. The theory s key factors are based on the sequence of species in the palaeontology of related genera , and environmental aspects in adaptation, survival and extinction. Theory Ecosystems periodically experience significant disruptions, these in turn result in mass extinctions. Extinctions in turn hurt Generalist and specialist species specialists more than Generalist and specialist species generalists , where the generalists will in turn thrive within the environment by utilizing new environmental opportunities, or by moving elsewhere in diaspora to take advantage of other environments. The specialists will experience more extinctions, and a pulse of positive and random speciation within their groups. These two events lead to more specialists in isolated areas whereas the generalists will become more spread out. This hypothesis was developed to explain the different patterns of evolution seen in African antelopes . Later, it was used in an attempt to explain the speciation and Cline population genetics distribution that lead to early hominins and subsequently Human Homo sapiens . The 2.5 Million Year Event A well known example is the 2.5 million year event, in which a mass fluctuation of temperature occurred 2.5 million years BP, causing a rapid burst of speciation . It was during this event, so the hypothesis states, that many species attempted to move from their now uninhabitable habitat s and later developed different adaptation s in their new environments, evolving into different species. Application in Paleoanthropology Evidence of the hypothesis points to the concurrent split in Australopithecus afarensis , and Paranthropus robustus which developed separate traits in separate regions around the same time. Counter evidence points to the prese ... more details
evolutionary biology Punctuated gradualism is a microevolution ary hypothesis that refers to a species that has relative stasis over a considerable part of its total duration and underwent periodic, relatively rapid, morphologic change that did not lead to lineage branching . It is one of the three common models of evolution. While the traditional model of paleontology, the phylogenetic model, states that features evolved slowly without any direct association with speciation, the relatively newer and more controversial idea of punctuated equilibrium claims that major evolutionary changes don t happen over a gradual period but in localized, rare, rapid events of branching speciation. Punctuated gradualism is considered to be a variation of these models, lying somewhere in between the phyletic gradualism model and the punctuated equilibrium model. It states that speciation is not needed for a lineage to rapidly evolve from one equilibrium to another but may show rapid transitions between long stable states. In 1983, Malmgren and colleagues published a paper called Evidence for punctuated gradualism in the late Neogene Globorotalia tumida lineage of planktonic foraminifera. This paper studied the lineage of planktonic foraminifera, specifically the evolutionary transition from G. plesiotumida to G. tumida across the Miocene Pliocene boundary. The study found that the G. tumida lineage, while remaining in relative stasis over a considerable part of its total duration underwent periodic, relatively rapid, morphologic change that did not lead to lineage branching. Based on these findings, Malmgren and colleagues introduced a new mode of evolution and proposed to call it punctuated gradualism. See also Phyletic gradualism Punctuated equilibrium References 1. Futuyma, D. J. 1997 . Punctuated Equilibrium. In Evolutionary biology pp. 137 139 . Sunderland,Massachusetts Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2. Malmgren, B. A., Berggren, W. A., & Lohmann, G. P. 1983, October . Evidence ... more details
Assortative mating has been invoked to explain sympatric speciation . For some populations there are two .... Goby fish Positive assortative mating is believed to be the cause of the speciation of a daughter ... even though the parent species surrounds the daughter species so there is no Allopatric speciation geographic isolation . The speciation in the early stages would depend on assortative mating in which .... Dudgeon 2004 . Evidence for sympatric speciation by host shift in the sea. Current Biology 14 16 , pp ... natural selection Hypergamy speciation Category Reproduction Category Sexual selection Category Demography ... more details
Dolph Schluter is a professor of Evolutionary Biology and a Canada Research Chair in the Department of Zoology at the University of British Columbia . Schluter is a major researcher in adaptive radiation s leading to speciation in extant species and currently studies speciation in the Three spined stickleback , Gasterosteus . Schluter received his Bachelor of Science from the University of Guelph in 1977, and his Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Michigan in 1983, both in Ecology and Evolution . Schluter s early research was done on the evolutionary ecology and Morphology biology morphology of Darwin s finches . Schluter is the author of The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation , 2000, Oxford University Press, and an editor with Robert E. Ricklefs of Species Diversity in Ecological Communities Historical and Geographical Perspectives , 1993, Chicago University Press. External links http www.science.ca scientists scientistprofile.php?pID 444 science.ca profile. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Schluter, Dolph ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Schluter, Dolph Category Living people Category Year of birth missing living people Category Fellows of the Royal Society Category Evolutionary biologists Category University of Oklahoma alumni Category Guggenheim Fellows Category Canada Research Chairs ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Entimus image Curculionidae Entimus imperialis.JPG image caption Entimus imperialis from Brazil regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Beetle Coleoptera familia Curculionidae genus Entimus genus authority Ernst Friedrich Germar Germar, E.F. , 1817 Entimus is a genus of broad nosed weevils belonging to the family Curculionidae true weevil , Entiminae subfamily. Descrition The species of the genus Entimus can reach a length of about convert 12 45 mm . They usually have green, blue and gold iridescent scales. Distribution These species can be found from Mesoamerica to northeastern Argentina. List of species This genus includes the following seven species Entimus arrogans Pascoe, F.P., 1872 Entimus granulatus Linnaeus, 1758 Entimus imperialis Forster, 1771 Entimus excelsus Viana. 1958 Entimus nobilis Olivier, 1790 Entimus sastrei Viana 1958 Entimus splendidus Fabricius 1792 synonym Entimus fastuosus Olivier, 1790 References http wtaxa.csic.es search resultsbasicHP.aspx Wtaxa http www.virtual beetles.com entimus.html Virtual Beetles Juan J Morrone http www.mendeley.com research the neotropical weevil genus entimus coleoptera curculionidae entiminae cladistics biogeography and modes of speciation The Neotropical Weevil Genus Entimus Coleoptera Curculionidae Entiminae Cladistics, Biogeography, and Modes of Speciation Society 2002 Volume 56, Issue 4, Publisher BioOne, Pages 501 513 Category Curculionidae Curculionidae stub ... more details
A superspecies is a group of at least two more or less distinctive species with approximately parapatric distributions. Not all species complex es, whether cryptic species complex cryptic es or ring species are superspecies, and vice versa, but many are. A superspecies consisting of two sister species is called a species pair . Examples include Puffinus puffinus group of shearwater s not a superspecies, but the P. yelkouan group formerly contained therein is indeed one. Phylloscopus collybita group of leaf warbler s Tapaculo s See also Ring species Cryptic species complex Species group References http www.stanford.edu group stanfordbirds text essays Superspecies.html Stanford article Superspecies Category Scientific classification Category Speciation evolution stub Taxonomic ranks es Superespecie eo Superspecio fa uk ... more details
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