Wiktionary A sphincter is an Anatomy anatomical structure, a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. Sphincters are found in many animals there are over 50 types in the human body , some microscopically small, in particular the millions of precapillary sphincter s. ref name vander 6th cite book last Vander first Arthur title Human Physiology The Mechanism of Body Function Sixth Edition, International Edition year 1994 publisher McGraw Hill, Inc isbn 0 07 113761 0 pages 437 440 coauthors ... and often circular muscle thickening to facilitate their action as a sphincter. Functional sphincters ... File Ileocaecal sphincter.png thumb right 180px Diagram of Ileocecal sphincter Ileocaecal valve and sphincter The sphincter pupillae , or pupillary sphincter , belonging to the Iris anatomy iris ... oesophageal sphincter . The cardia lower esophageal sphincter , or cardiac sphincter, at the upper portion of the stomach . This sphincter prevents the acidic contents of the stomach from moving upward into the oesophagus . The pyloric sphincter , at the lower end of the stomach. The Ileocecal valve ileocecal sphincter at the junction of the small intestine ileum and the large intestine , which functions to limit the reflux of colonic contents back into the ileum. The sphincter of Oddi , or Glisson s sphincter, controlling secretions from the liver , pancreas and gall bladder into the duodenum . The sphincter urethrae , or urethral sphincter , controlling the exit of urine from the body. At the anus , there are two sphincters which control the exit of feces from the body see Sphincter ani internus muscle internal anal sphincter and Sphincter ani externus muscle external anal sphincter . The inner sphincter is involuntary and the outer is voluntary. The microscopic precapillary sphincter ... es Esf nter fr Sphincter ko io Sfintero it Sfintere ku Mi nik nl Sluitspier ja pl Zwieracz ... more details
Esophageal sphincter may refer to Lower esophageal sphincter also called cardiac sphincter or gastroesophageal sphincter which leads into the cardia Upper esophageal sphincter also called pharyngoesophageal sphincter within the hypopharynx disambiguation ... more details
No footnotes article date April 2010 The term urethral sphincter refers to one of two muscle s used to control the exit of urine in the urinary bladder through the urethra . The two muscles are the external urethral sphincter and the internal urethral sphincter . When either of these muscles contract, the urethra is sealed shut. The external urethral sphincter originates at the ischiopubic ramus and inserts into the intermeshing muscle fibers from the other side. It is controlled by the deep perineal branch of the pudendal nerve . Activity in the nerve fibers constricts the urethra. The internal sphincter muscle of urethra located at the bladder s inferior end and the urethra s proximal end at the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder. The internal sphincter is a continuation of the detrusor muscle and is made of smooth muscle , therefore it is under Involuntary muscle involuntary ... of urine . The external sphincter muscle of urethra sphincter urethrae located at the bladder ... in males is a secondary sphincter to control the flow of urine through the urethra. Unlike the internal sphincter muscle, the external sphincter is made of skeletal muscle , therefore it is under voluntary control of the somatic nervous system. Sex differences Main External sphincter muscle of male urethra External sphincter muscle of female urethra Despite common misconceptions, human males do not have stronger urethral sphincter muscles than females, nor are there any noticeable capacity differences ... to prevent the release of urine. In males, the internal sphincter muscle of urethra functions ... does not share space with any reproductive organs . Females do have a more elaborate external sphincter muscle than males as it is made up of three parts, the sphincter urethrae, urethrovaginal muscle ... of the sphincter mechanism and stress incontinence. Kegel exercise s are a form of exercise .... External links MuscleLoyola sphu eMedicineDictionary urethral sphincter SUNYAnatomyFigs 41 06 04 Muscles ... more details
Sphincter ani can refer to Sphincter ani externus muscle Sphincter ani internus muscle Disambig pl Zwieracz odbytu ru Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Sphincter paralysis is paralysis of one of the body s many sphincter s, preventing it from constricting normally. Case studies have shown patients may remain Fecal incontinence continent for many years despite being affected by anal sphincter paralysis. ref Cite journal pages 980 1 doi 10.1007 BF02552277 title Puborectalis and external anal sphincter paralysis with preservation of fecal continence year 1989 last1 Wakeman first1 R. last2 Allen Mersh first2 T. G. journal Diseases of the Colon & Rectum volume 32 issue 11 pmid 2806028 ref See also Rectal prolapse References reflist Category Muscular disorders Medicine stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name sphincter of ampulla Latin m. sphincter ampullae GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray1057.png Caption Interior of the descending portion of the duodenum, showing bile papilla. Image2 Caption2 System Precursor MeshName Oddi s Sphincter MeshNumber A03.159.183.079.300.900.600 Code Terminologia Anatomica TA A05.8.02.018 DorlandsPre s 18 DorlandsSuf 12748595 The sphincter of ampulla or sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve that controls the flow of digestive juices bile and pancreatic juice through the ampulla of Vater into the second part of the duodenum . It is named after Ruggero Oddi . ref WhoNamedIt synd 2709 ref The sphincter of Oddi is relaxed by the hormone Cholecystokinin CCK via vasoactive intestinal polypeptide VIP . ref J Clin Invest. 1988 June 81 6 1920 1924. ref Clinical significance main sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Opiates can cause spasms of the sphincter of oddi, leading to increased serum amylase levels. References reflist Gray s Anatomy , 39th ed. p. 1228. External links Great In Depth Article On The Sphincter of Oddi Function http www.saudijgastro.com article.asp?issn 1319 3767 year 2000 volume 6 issue 3 spage 129 epage 146 aulast Ballal Digestive glands Category Digestive system digestive stub bs Oddijev sfinkter es Esf nter de Oddi fr Sphincter d Oddi hr Oddijev sfinkter it Sfintere di Oddi nl Sfincter van Oddi ja oc Esfinct r d Oddi ru fi Oddin sulkijalihas ... more details
The precapillary sphincter is a band of smooth muscle that adjusts the blood flow into each capillary . ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Precapillary sphincter Precapillary Sphincter definition . The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Medical Dictionary ref At the point where each true capillary originates from a metarteriole , a smooth muscle fiber usually encircles the capillary. This is called the precapillary sphincter. This sphincter can open and close the entrance to the capillary. Blood flow in a capillary changes as vasomotion occurs. ref PDF http www.aw bc.com info ip assignmentfiles cardiovascular Autoreg Cap Dynamics.pdf Autoregulation and Capillary Dynamics. Autoregulation and Capillary DynamicsPearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ref The entire capillary bed may be bypassed by blood flow through arteriovenous anastomoses . A precapillary sphincter encircles each capillary branch at the point where it branches from the arteriole. Contraction of the precapillary sphincter can close the branches off to blood flow. If the sphincter is damaged or can not contract, blood can flow into the capillary bed at high pressures. When capillary pressures are high and this can be the result of gravity , fluid passes out of the capillaries into the Fluid compartments interstitial space , and edema or fluid swelling is the result. External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 141891 Central neural influence on precapillary microvessels and sphincter . PubMed Abstract , American Journal of Physiology , 1977 Jul 233 1 H141 7. Baez S, Feldman SM, Gootman PM. References references Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology seventh edition , Frederic H. Martini Dzulfitree B. Ahmad, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences 07 08 Category Muscular system Category Angiology Category Circulatory system muscle stub ... more details
BLP sources date November 2011 Infobox musical artist name Stephen Sphincter image Stephensphincter.jpg caption background non vocal instrumentalist birth name Ron Curry br origin Instruments Guitar genre Punk rock br Shock rock occupation Guitar years active 1986 1987 label Metal Blade Records br DRT Entertainment br Slave Pit Inc. associated acts GWAR br Hotel X website http www.GWAR.net GWAR official site br current members past members Stephen Sphincter was an early GWAR character, ref http books.google.com.au books?id NWOSy3n80F4C&pg PA26&dq 22Hans Orifice 22 gwar&hl en&ei 0 u7TpTcIquZiAf0itmtBw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CC4Q6AEwAA v onepage&q 22Hans 20Orifice 22 20gwar&f false In my room Spin magazine Spin Nov 2009 p26 ref played by Ron Curry, who recorded six albums on SST Records with Hotel X . His on stage brother was Hans Sphincter , played by drummer Jim Thompson. References Reflist GWAR Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Sphincter, Stephen ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Sphincter, Stephen Category Gwar members ... more details
Anal sphincter muscles can refer to Sphincter ani externus muscle Sphincter ani internus muscle Disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
External sphincter muscle of urethra can refer to external sphincter muscle of male urethra external sphincter muscle of female urethra disambig ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Image Hepato biliary.jpg Caption A diagram of the biliary tree showing the sphincter of Oddi . Note that part of the gall bladder has been removed, and the liver has been lifted off the tree. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 576.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D046628 Image Digestive system showing bile duct.png thumb Digestive system diagram showing the common bile duct note that the sphincter of oddi is not labelled Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction refers to two motility conditions affecting the Sphincter of Oddi papillary stenosis and Biliary dyskinesia sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia also known as biliary dyskinesia . The sphincter of Oddi is a sphincter muscle , a circular band of muscle at the bottom of the Biliary tract biliary tree which controls the flow of pancreatic juice s and bile into the second part of the duodenum . Both types of dysfunction can obstruct flow through the sphincter of Oddi and can therefore cause retention of bile in the biliary tree and pancreatic juice in the pancreatic duct. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is a rare condition Citation needed date October 2009 . However, as with most conditions ... surgery . Presentation Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction may be suggested by pain which seems to come from .... ref name Corazziari2003 Treatment Sphincter of Oddi manometry or Sphincterotomy are the standard treatments for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. One or the other may be better based on the classification of the condition. Forms Papillary Stenosis Main Papillary stenosis Sphincter of Oddi dyskinesia ... AB01 446E B011 2E67CAFEF96D&GDL DC ID 320F4EDD 0021 4952 83D7 8B0C67B47BFF Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction ... public problems diseases pancreas sphincterOddi.cfm Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction at Medical University of South Carolina Public Information http yourtotalhealth.ivillage.com sphincter oddi dysfunction.html Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction By Ronen Arai at yourtotalhealth.ivillage.com Digestive system ... more details
Muscle infobox Name Sphincter ani internus muscle Latin musculus sphincter ani internus GraySubject 120 GrayPage 426 Image Gray1079.png Caption Coronal section through the anal canal . B. Cavity of urinary bladder V.D. Ductus deferens . S.V. Seminal vesicle . R. Second part of rectum . A.C. Anal canal. L.A. Levator ani . I.S. Sphincter ani internus . E.S. Sphinear ani externus . Image2 Gray1078.png Caption2 Coronal section of rectum and anal canal . Origin Insertion Action keep the anal canal and anal orifice orifice closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces Blood Nerve Pelvic splanchnic nerves S4 , thoracicolumbar outflow of the spinal cord MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre m 22 DorlandsSuf 12550809 The Sphincter ani internus or internal anal sphincter is a muscular ring that surrounds about 2.5 cm of the anal canal its inferior border is in contact with, but quite separate from, the Sphincter ani externus muscle Sphincter ani externus . It is about 5 mm thick, and is formed by an aggregation of the involuntary circular fibers of the intestine . Its lower border is about 6 mm from the orifice of the anus . Actions Its action is entirely involuntary. It helps the Sphincter ani externus to occlude the anal aperture and aids in the expulsion of the feces . Parasympathetic fibers from the pelvic segments of the spinal cord supply the internal sphincter. It is not innervated by the pudendal nerve , which carries somatic motor and sensory fibers that provide the innervation to the external anal sphincter. ref http www.dartmouth.edu humananatomy part 6 chapter 36.html ref Additional images gallery Image illu intestine.jpg Intestines Image Hemorrhoid.png Schematic demonstrating the anatomy of hemorrhoids . gallery References Reflist External links MuscleLoyola spha NormanAnatomy pelvis NormanAnatomyFig rectum Gray s Muscles of perineum Digestive tract Category Perineum Muscle stub it Muscolo sfintere anale interno pl Mi sie zwieracz wewn trzny odbytu pt M sculo ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Upper esophageal sphincter Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Musculusconstrictorpharyngisinferior.png Caption Muscles of the pharynx and cheek. Constrictor pharyngis inferior visible at bottom left. Image2 Gray994.png Caption2 Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx. Upper esophageal sphincter not labeled, but region is visible. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName Upper Esophageal Sphincter MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 18 DorlandsSuf 12748533 The upper esophageal sphincter UES also called the pharyngoesophageal sphincter refers to the superior portion of the esophagus . Unlike the lower esophageal sphincter , it consists of striated muscle and yet, is not under conscious control. Opening of the UES is triggered by the swallow reflex. The primary muscle of the UES is the cricopharyngeus portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor . ref Cite journal author Mu L, Wang J, Su H, Sanders I title Adult human upper esophageal sphincter contains specialized muscle fibers expressing unusual myosin heavy chain isoforms journal J. Histochem. Cytochem. volume 55 issue 3 pages 199 207 year 2007 pmid 17074861 doi 10.1369 jhc.6A7084.2006 ref During swallowing the upper esophageal sphincter opens so the bolus can pass into the esophagus. A secondary role of the UES is to reduce backflow from the esophagus into the pharynx. It also makes the sound of Belching eructation . See also Lower esophageal sphincter References references External links http www.merck.com mmhe sec09 ch120 ch120a.html Diagram at merck.com Gray s Digestive tract DEFAULTSORT Upper Esophageal Sphincter Category Muscles of the head and neck Digestive stub bg it Sfintere esofageo superiore ru ... more details
Infobox Muscle Name internal sphincter muscle of urethra Latin musculus sphincter urethrae internus GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray407.png Caption Coronal section of anterior part of pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front. Region visible, but muscle not labeled. Image2 Illu bladder.jpg Caption2 Urinary bladder Region visible, but muscle not labeled. Origin Pubis ramus Insertion Median raphe Blood Nerve Sympathetics from L1 L2 through lumbar splanchnic and hypogastric pelvic plexus Action Sympathetic contracts parasympathetic relaxes Antagonist DorlandsPre m 22 DorlandsSuf 13540450 The internal sphincter muscle of urethra is a urethral sphincter muscle which constricts the internal urethral orifice . It is the junction of the urethra with the urinary bladder . The muscle is made of smooth muscle , so therefore it is under involuntary control. It is kept tonically contracted by pelvic plexus inferior hypo gastric plexus of the sympathetic nervous system . During micturition it is relaxed via the S2 S4 parasympathetic nervous system . This is the primary muscle for preventing the release of urine . muscle stub genitourinary stub Category Urinary system Urinary system ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Bladder sphincter dyssynergia Image Dsd.jpg Caption Urodynamic trace of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 596.55 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Bladder sphincter dyssynergia also known as detrusor sphincter dysynergia DSD the ICS standard terminology agreed 1998 ref cite journal author Manfred Stohrer et al title The Standardization of Terminology in Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction journal Neurourology and Urodynamics volume 18 pages 139 158 year 1999 pmid 10081953 doi 10.1002 SICI 1520 6777 1999 18 2 139 AID NAU9 3.0.CO 2 U issue 2 ref and neurogenic detrusor overactivity NDO is a consequence of a neurological pathology such as spinal injury ref cite journal author Karsenty G, et al title Understanding detrusor sphincter dyssynergia significance of chronology journal Urology volume 66 issue 4 pages 763 8 year 2005 pmid 16230135 doi 10.1016 j.urology.2005.04.061 ref or multiple sclerosis ref cite journal author E Iu Stankovich, V V Borisov, T L Demina title Tamsulosin in the treatment of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia of the urinary bladder in patients with multiple sclerosis journal Urologiia volume pages 48 51 year 1999 pmid doi issn 1728 2985 Urination disorders occur in 80 patients with multiple sclerosis MS . Most common of them is detrusor sphincter dyssynergia DSD . ref that disrupts Pontine micturition center central nervous system regulation of the micturition micturition urination reflex ... urethral sphincter muscles. In normal lower urinary tract function, these two separate muscle structures act in synergistic coordination. But in this neurogenic disorder, the urethral sphincter ... outline due to muscular contraction against the unrelaxed bladder sphincter. ref http www.sghurol.demon.co.uk ... the external urethral sphincter. Symptomatically, people with this condition generally experience ... and Biofeedback title EMG biofeedback for functional bladder sphincter dyssynergia A case study ... more details
Muscle infobox Name Iris sphincter muscle Latin m. sphincter pupillae GraySubject 225 GrayPage 1013 Image Gray878.png Caption Iris anatomy Iris , front view. Muscle visible but not labeled. Image2 Gray883.png Caption2 The upper half of a sagittal section through the front of the human eye eyeball . Sphincter of pupil labeled near bottom center. Origin encircles iris ref name Gest Gest, Thomas R Burkel, William E. Anatomy Tables Eye. Medical Gross Anatomy. 2000. University of Michigan Medical School. 5 Jan. 2010 http anatomy.med.umich.edu nervous system eye tables.html . ref Insertion encircles iris ref name Gest Action constricts pupil Blood long posterior ciliary arteries Nerve short ciliary nerve s Antagonist iris dilator muscle MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre m 22 DorlandsSuf 12550831 The iris sphincter muscle pupillary sphincter , pupillary constrictor , circular muscle of iris , circular fibers is a muscle in the part of the human eye eye called the Iris anatomy iris . It encircles the pupil of the iris, appropriate to its function as a constrictor of the pupil. Comparative Anatomy It is found in vertebrate s and some cephalopod s. General Structure Initially, all the myocytes are of the smooth muscle type but, later in life, most cells are of the striated muscle type. ref http www.jneurosci.org cgi reprint 7 12 3813.pdf jneurosci.org Muscarinic and Nicotinic Synaptic Activation of the Developing.. ref Its dimensions are about 0.75 mm wide by 0.15 mm thick. Mode of Action In humans, it functions to constrict the pupil in bright light pupillary reflex or during accommodation reflex accommodation . Innervation It is controlled by parasympathetic nervous system parasympathetic fibers that originate from the Edinger Westphal nucleus , travel along the oculomotor ... at mscd.edu eMedicineDictionary sphincter pupillae BUHistology 08010loa Eye Visual system Category ... zjenice it Muscolo sfintere dell iride hu Musculus sphincter pupillae nl Musculus sphincter ... more details
Muscle infobox Name Sphincter ani externus muscle Latin musculus sphincter ani externus GraySubject 120 GrayPage 425 Image Anorectum.gif Caption Image2 Gray1079.png Caption2 Coronal section through the anal canal . B. Cavity of urinary bladder V.D. Ductus deferens . S.V. Seminal vesicle . R. Second part of rectum . A.C. Anal canal. L.A. Levator ani . I.S. Sphincter ani internus . E.S. Sphinear ani externus . Origin Insertion Action keep the anal canal and anal orifice orifice closed Blood Nerve branch from the fourth sacral and twigs from the inferior hemorrhoidal branch of the pudendal nerve MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre m 22 DorlandsSuf 12550801 The Sphincter ani externus external anal sphincter is a flat plane of muscular fibers, elliptical in shape and intimately adherent to the integument surrounding the margin of the anus . Anatomy It measures about 8 to 10 cm in length, from its anterior to its posterior extremity, and is about 2.5 cm opposite the anus, when defecation occurs the sphincter muscle retracts. It consists of two strata, superficial and deep. The superficial , constituting the main portion of the muscle, arises from a narrow tendinous band, the Anococcygeal body anococcygeal raphe , which stretches from the tip of the coccyx to the posterior margin of the anus it forms two flattened planes of muscular tissue, which encircle the anus and meet in front to be inserted into the Perineal body central tendinous point of the perineum , joining with the Superficial transverse perineal muscle Transversus perin i superficialis , the Levator ani , and the Bulbospongiosus muscle Bulbocavernosus . The deeper portion forms a complete sphincter to the anal canal . Its fibers surround the canal, closely applied to the Sphincter ani internus muscle , and in front ... contraction of the external anal sphincter, when the intent is relaxation, which can result ... The External Anal Sphincter NormanAnatomy perineum NormanAnatomyFig analtriangle3 NormanAnatomy pelvis ... more details
Muscle infobox Name Sphincter urethrae membranaceae muscle Latin musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae masculinae, musculus sphincter urethrae membranaceae GraySubject 120 GrayPage 429 Image Gray1142.png Caption The male urethra laid open on its anterior upper surface. Region visible, but muscle not labeled. Image2 Gray407.png Caption2 Coronal section of anterior part of pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front. Region visible, but muscle not labeled. Origin Junction of the inferior rami of the pubis bone pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm. Insertion Ischiopubic rami Action Constricts urethra, maintain urinary continence Blood Nerve Branches from Dorsal nerve of the penis MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre m 22 DorlandsSuf 13540449 The external sphincter muscle of urethra or sphincter urethrae membranaceae surrounds the whole length of the membranous portion of the urethra , and is enclosed in the fasci of the urogenital diaphragm. Its external fibers arise from the junction of the inferior rami of the pubis bone pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm., and from the neighboring fasci . They arch across the front of the urethra and bulbourethral glands, pass around the urethra, and behind it unite with the muscle of the opposite side, by means of a tendinous raph . Its innermost fibers form a continuous circular investment for the membranous urethra . Additional images gallery Image Gray236.png Right hip bone. Internal surface. gallery See also Prostatic urethra External links MuscleLoyola sphu eMedicineDictionary urethral sphincter SUNYAnatomyFigs 41 06 04 Muscles of the female urogenital diaphragm deep perineal pouch and structures located inferior to it. Gray s urinary system Category Urinary system genitourinary stub muscle stub de Musculus urethralis ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name External sphincter muscle of female urethra Latin musculus sphincter urethrae externus urethrae femininae GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray1166.png Caption Sagittal section of the lower part of a female trunk, right segment. Sphincter not labeled, but region is visible. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre m 22 DorlandsSuf 13540468 The external sphincter muscle of female urethra is a muscle which controls urination in women. The terms urethrovaginal sphinctersphincter urethrovaginalis is sometimes used to describe the component adjacent to the vagina . ref name isbn0 7817 5309 0 cite book author Kyung Won, PhD. Chung title Gross Anatomy Board Review publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Hagerstown, MD year 2005 pages 262 isbn 0 7817 5309 0 oclc doi ref ref name pmid17132484 cite journal author Rahn DD, Marinis SI, Schaffer JI, Corton MM title Anatomical path of the tension free vaginal tape reassessing current teachings journal Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. volume 195 issue 6 pages 1809 13 year 2006 pmid 17132484 doi 10.1016 j.ajog.2006.07.009 ref ref name pmid14672484 cite journal author Umek WH, Kearney R, Morgan DM, Ashton Miller JA, DeLancey JO title The axial location of structural regions in the urethra a magnetic resonance study in nulliparous women journal Obstet Gynecol volume 102 issue 5 Pt 1 pages 1039 45 year 2003 pmid 14672484 doi 10.1016 j.obstetgynecol.2003.04.001 pmc 1226706 ref However, this term is not supported in Terminologia Anatomica . The compressor urethrae is also considered a distinct, adjacent muscle by some sources, ref name isbn0 443 06612 4 cite book author Adam Mitchell Drake, Richard Gray, Henry David Wayne Vogl title Gray s anatomy for students publisher Elsevier ... Anatomica. References reflist 2 Urinary system DEFAULTSORT External Sphincter Muscle Of Female ... hu Musculus sphincter urethrovaginalis ... more details
Orphan date July 2011 Pseudodyssynergia or detrusor sphincter pseudodyssynergia is an urological condition involving contraction of the external sphincter muscle of urethra external sphincter during voiding . . ref Nickel, J C Textbook of prostatitis, page 228 229 ref This condition means that the co ordination between the external sphincter muscle of urethra sphincter and detrusor is lost. ref http www.sghurol.demon.co.uk urod boo.htm ref See also Prostatitis References references Category Urological conditions ... more details
Perineal tear classification is a system used to quantify the severity of trauma to the perineum during Childbirth vaginal childbirth . Delivery may lead to overstretching of the vagina , causing tears in the perineal tissue between the vagina and rectum. Laceration s are classified into four categories ref Taber s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary http www.tabers.com tabersonline ub view Tabers 143773 48 tears of the perineum?q perineal 20tear tabers.com ref ref http www.thewomens.org.au PerinealTraumaAssessmentandRepair ref First degree tear laceration is limited to the Frenulum labiorum pudendi fourchette and superficial perineal skin or vaginal mucosa Second degree tear laceration extends beyond fourchette, perineal skin and vaginal mucosa to perineal muscles and fascia, but not the anal sphincter Third degree tear fourchette, perineal skin, vaginal mucosa, muscles, and anus anal sphincter are torn Fourth degree tear fourchette, perineal skin, vaginal mucosa, muscles, anal sphincter, and rectal mucosa are torn Third degree tears may be further subdivided into three subcategories ref MDConsult http www.mdconsult.com mdconsult.com ref 3a partial tear of the external anal sphincter involving less than 50 thickness 3b greater than 50 tear of the external anal sphincter 3c internal sphincter is torn References reflist Category Obstetrics Human repro stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Orphan date October 2008 A rhabdosphincter from Greek language Greek rhabdos meaning rod is a sphincter consisting of skeletal muscle striated muscle fibres. The muscle is a part of the external urethral sphincter that continues superiorly as a trough like extension running vertically across the anterior aspect of the prostate to reach the neck of the bladder. Category Muscular system ... more details
Image Killian Jamieson Divertikel.jpg thumb Killian Jamieson diverticulum. Arrowhead points at the closed upper esophageal sphincter, arrow points at the diverticulum partly filled with contrast medium. A Killian Jamieson diverticulum is a diverticulum of the esophagus just below the upper esophageal sphincter. Killian Jamieson diverticula are seldom larger than 1.5 cm and are less frequent than Zenker s diverticulum. It is usually asymptomatic. disease stub Category Esophagus disorders de Killian Jamieson Divertikel ... more details
The Nardi test , also known as the morphine neostigmine provocation test is a test for dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi , a valve which divides the biliary tract from the duodenum . Two medications, morphine and neostigmine , are given to people with symptom s concerning for sphincter dysfunction, including sharp right sided abdominal pain . If the pain is reproduced by the medications, then dysfunction is more likely. The test poorly predicts dysfunction, however, and is rarely used today. The Nardi test was named for George Nardi , who first described the procedure in 1966. References Nardi GL, Acosta JM.Papillitis as a cause of pancreatitis and abdominal pain role of evocative test, operative pancreatography and histologic evaluation. Ann Surg. 1966 Oct 164 4 611 21. PMID 5924783 Steinberg WM. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction a clinical controversy. Gastroenterology 1988 95 1409 1415 PMID 3049221 Category Medical tests Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs ... more details
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