Infobox disease Name Spinal tumors ICD10 ICD10 C 72 0 c 69 ICD9 ICD9 192.2 Image Caption DiseasesDB 31483 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 001403 eMedicineSubj orthoped eMedicineTopic 49 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 med 2993 , eMedicine2 radio 169 MeshName Chordoma MeshNumber C04.557.465.220 Spinal tumors are neoplasm s located in the spinalcord . They are mostly metastasis metastases from primary cancers elsewhere commonly breast cancer breast , prostate cancer prostate and lung cancer . Primary tumors may be benign e.g. hemangioma or malignant in nature. Depending on their location, the spinalcord tumors can be Extradural outside the dura mater lining Intradural part of the dura Intramedullary inside the spinalcord The symptoms seen are due to spinal nerve compression and weakening of the vertebral structure. Urinary incontinence Incontinence and decreased sensitivity in the saddle area buttock s are generally considered warning signs of spinalcordcompression by the tumor. Back pain in a patient with known malignancy may prompt a bone scan to confirm or exclude spinal metastasis. Diagnosis MRI and bone scan ning are used for diagnostic purposes. This assesses not only the location of the tumor s but also their relationship with the spinalcord and the risk of cordcompression. Treatment Glucocorticoid Steroids may be administered if there is evidence of spinalcordcompression . These do not affect the tumoral mass itself, but tend to reduce the inflammatory reaction around it, and thus decrease the overall volume of the mass impinging on the spinalcord. Radiotherapy Surgery is sometimes possible Nervous system tumors DEFAULTSORT Spinal Tumor Category Nervous system neoplasia ... more details
wiktionary compression compressor Compression may refer to In physical science Compression physical , the result of the subjection of a material to compressive stress Compression member , a class of structural ... of volume change resulting from pressure Gas compression , raising the pressure and reducing the volume of gases Compression ratio , a figure of merit of an internal combustion engine Compression geology , a system of forces that tend to decrease the volume of rocks In information science Data compression , the process of encoding digital information using fewer bits Audio compression data , the compression of digital audio streams and files Bandwidth compression , a reduction in either the time to transmit or in the amount of bandwidth required to transmit Compression artifact , noticeable defects in audio or video that has been compressed Image compression , the application of data compression on digital images Video compression , the compression of digital video streams and files One way compression function , a cryptographic primitive In engineering Dynamic range compression , a compression process that reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal Gain compression , in electronic ... Brain compression , a potentially fatal condition where pressure is exerted on the brain by internal bleeding Bandage Compression bandage Compression bandage , a bandage that uses compression to reduce the flow of blood Intravenous pyelogram compressionCompression in pyelography involves pressing on the lower abdominal area, resulting in distension of the upper urinary tract. In mathematics Compression functional analysis , the compression of a linear operator T on a Hilbert space to a subspace K is the operator Other Compression phonetics , running syllables together in informal speech Please ..., until this articl is created, please do not shorten the description. Compression zoology when an animal ... See also Compaction disambiguation compress Compression shorts Compressor disambiguation Decompression ... more details
A spinal neuron is a neuron in the spinalcord . Some of them are heteromeric , i.e. they have processes pass over to the opposite side of the spinalcord ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com heteromeric Medical dictionary ref References references nervous tissue Category Spinalcord Category Neurons neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing stenosis of the spinal canal that may occur in any of the regions of the spine. This narrowing causes a restriction to the spinalcord, resulting in a neurological ... and legs . Cervical spinal stenosis can be far more dangerous by compressing the spinalcord. Cervical ... spinal stenosis symptoms are virtually absent in lumbar stenosis , however, as the spinalcord ... related spinal nerve compression. Data from National Ambulatory Medical Care survey suggests 13 14 ... . SpinalCord Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ... bilaterally ref Costantini, A., Buchser, E., Van Buyten, J.P. 2009 . SpinalCord Stimulation for the Treatment ... 2009 . SpinalCord Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ... what is causing spinal nerve compression. ref Cluett , Jonathan, MD 2010 How is spinal stenosis diagnosed ... PMH0001477 Category Geriatrics Category Spinalcord disorders Category Vertebral column disorders ... article 1264527 overview title Spinal Stenosis author Vokshoor A date February 14, 2010 accessdate December 30, 2010 publisher eMedicine ref With spinal stenosis, the spinalcord is narrowed at the vertebral canal which is a foramen between the vertebrae where the spinalcord passes through. ref http www.niams.nih.gov Health Info Spinal Stenosis spinal stenosis ff.asp ref There are two types of spinal stenosis lumbar stenosis and cervical stenosis. While lumbar spinal stenosis is more common, cervical spinal stenosis is more dangerous because it involves compression of the spinalcord . image LUMBAR TREFOIL CANAL.JPG LUMBAR TREFOIL CANAL thumb Types The most common forms are cervical spinal stenosis, at the level of the neck, and lumbar spinal stenosis , at the level of the lower back. Thoracic spinal stenosis, at the level of the mid back, is much less common. ref name eMed In lumbar stenosis, the spinal nerve roots in the lower back are compressed which can lead to symptoms ... more details
block motor fibres as readily as sensory nerve fibres, while a spinal more often does. An epidural may be given at a cervical, thoracic, or lumbar site, while a spinal must be injected below lumbar vertebra 2 L2 to avoid piercing the spinalcord. Injected substances Bupivacaine Marcaine is the local ... accelerator fibres. Also, injection of spinal anaesthesia higher than the level of lumbar vertebra 1 L1 can cause damage to the spinalcord, and is therefore usually not done. History The first ...Interventions infobox Name Spinal anaesthesia Image Liquor bei Spinalanaesthesie.JPG Caption Liquor backflow through a 25G spinal needle during spinal anaesthesia. ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 mult MeshID D000775 OPS301 OtherCodes Spinal anaesthesia or spinal anesthesia , also called spinal analgesia Citation needed ... prefer spinal needles which are 12.7 cm long 5 inches . The tip of the spinal ... . This technique has some similarity to spinal anesthesia, and the two techniques may be easily confused ... mL in a spinal. In an epidural, an indwelling catheter may be placed that avails for additional injections later, while a spinal is almost always a one shot only. The onset of analgesia is approximately 15 30 minutes in an epidural, while it is approximately 5 minutes in a spinal. An epidural often ... anaesthetic used in a spinal injection, to give a smoother effect and to provide prolonged pain relief once the action of the spinal local anaesthetic has worn off. Baricity refers to the density of a substance compared to the density of human cerebral spinal fluid. Baricity is used in anaesthesia ... and pass the time during the procedure, but with a successful spinal anaesthetic the surgery can be performed with the patient wide awake. Limitations Spinal anaesthetics are typically limited to procedures involving most structures below the upper abdomen . To administer a spinal anaesthetic to higher ... the Thoracic diaphragm diaphragm in extreme cases called a high spinal , or a total spinal , with which ... more details
Functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI of the spinalcordspinal fMRI is an adaptation of the fMRI method that has been developed for use in the brain 1 . Although the basic principles underlying the methods are the same, spinal fMRI requires a number of specific adaptations to accommodate the periodic motion of the spinalcord , the small cross sectional dimensions roughly 8 mm x 15 mm at the largest region , the length 45 cm in adult humans , and the fact that the magnetic field that is used for magnetic resonance imaging MRI varies with position in the spinalcord because of magnetic susceptibility differences between bone and tissues. Spinal fMRI has been used to produce maps of neuronal activity at most levels of the spinalcord in response to various stimuli, such as touch, vibration, and thermal changes, and with motor tasks. Research applications of spinal fMRI to date include studies of normal sensory and motor function, and studies of the effects of trauma to the spinalcord 1 3 and multiple sclerosis 4 . Two different data acquisition methods have been applied, one based ... of the spinalcord. Methods based on BOLD contrast have employed parallel imaging techniques to accelerate data acquisition, and imaging slices transverse to the spinalcord, in order to reduce the effects ... function in the spinalcordspinal FMRI. Clin Med Res 2005 3 3 146 156. 2. Stroman PW, Kornelsen ... human spinalcord by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging. SpinalCord 2004 42 2 59 66. 3. Kornelsen J, Stroman PW. fMRI of the lumbar spinalcord during a lower limb motor task. Magn Reson ... in the human spinalcord during willed motor actions evidence for side and rate dependent activity ... listed above include using a recording of the heart beat to account for the related time course of spinalcord motion, acquiring image data with relatively high 1 2 mm spatial resolution to detect ... recruitment of the cervical cord is altered in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage 2008 39 ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Spinal canal Latin c. vertebralis GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray82.png Caption A typical thoracic vertebra viewed from above. Spinal canal is not labeled, but the hole in the center would comprise part of a spinal canal. Image2 Scheme body cavities en.svg Caption2 Human body cavities The spinal canal is called spinal cavity to the left System MeshName Spinal Canal MeshNumber A02.835.232.834.803 DorlandsPre c 04 DorlandsSuf 12208918 The spinal canal or vertebral canal or spinal cavity is the space in vertebra e through which the spinalcord passes. It is a process of the dorsal human body cavity . This canal is enclosed within the vertebral foramen of the vertebrae . In the intervertebral spaces, the canal is protected by the ligamentum flavum posteriorly and the posterior longitudinal ligament anteriorly. The outermost layer of the meninges , the dura mater , is closely associated with the arachnoid which in turn is loosely connected to the innermost layer of the meninges , the pia mater . The meninges divide the spinal canal into the epidural space and the subarachnoid space . The pia mater is closely attached to the spinalcord . A subdural space is generally only present due to trauma and or pathological situations. The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains the vessels that supply the spinalcord , namely the anterior spinal artery and the paired posterior spinal arteries , accompanied by a corresponding spinal veins. The spinal arteries form anastomoses known as the vasocorona of the spinalcord. The epidural space contains loose fatty tissue, and a network of large, thin walled blood vessels called the internal vertebral venous plexuses . The spinal canal was first described by Jean Fernel . Additional images gallery gallery gallery gallery File Cranial endobasis of a 19 20 weeks foetus 3.JPG Vertebral canal at human ... spinal Canalnew2.jpg Diagram at wisc.edu Bones of torso Category Bones of the torso Category Vertebral ... more details
Infobox Vein Name PAGENAME Latin venae spinales GraySubject 172 GrayPage 669 Image Gray770 vessels.png Caption 1 posterior spinal vein BR 2 anterior spinal vein BR 3 posterolateral spinal vein BR 4 radicular or segmental medullary vein BR 5 posterior spinal arteries BR 6 anterior spinal artery BR 7 radicular or segmental medullary artery Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom DrainsTo Artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12851730 The veins of the medulla spinalis spinal veins , veins of the spinal cord are situated in the pia mater and form a minute, tortuous, venous plexus. They emerge chiefly from the median fissures of the medulla spinalis and are largest in the lumbar region . In this plexus there are 1 two median longitudinal veins , one in front of the anterior fissure , and the other behind the posterior sulcus of the cord. 2 four lateral longitudinal veins which run behind the nerve roots. They end in the intervertebral veins . Near the base of the skull they unite, and form two or three small trunks, which communicate with the vertebral veins , and then end in the inferior cerebellar veins , or in the inferior petrosal sinuses . External links eMedicineDictionary spinal veins Gray s circulatory stub Veins of the thorax and vertebral column Category Veins of the torso ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Spinal fracture Image L1 2 vertebral fracture.jpg Caption Lateral spine X ray showing osteoporotic wedge fractures of L1 2. ICD10 S 32 0 s 30 ICD10 S 32 1 s 30 ICD9 ICD9 805 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 248236 MeshID D016103 A spinal fracture or vertebral fracture is a fracture affecting the bones of the spinal column . They can affect the cervical vertebrae a cervical fracture , or other parts of the column. Fractures medicine stub Category Spinalcord disorders ru ... more details
intricate dynamic interactions between a Central pattern generator central program in Spinalcord lower ... control by brain as in Spinalcord injury complete spinalcord injury SCI . ref , Edgerton et al ... spinalcord. Prog. Brain Res. 137 141 49 ref Following SCI, the spinal circuitry below the lesion site ... SpinalCord In SpinalCord Medicine Principles and Practices. Demos Medical Publishing, Chapter ... spinalcord injury mediated by modifying existing neural pathways or by generating new pathways ... Patterns The spinalcord executes rhythmical and sequential activation of muscles in locomotion. The central .... CPG within the lumbosacral spinalcord segments represent an important Nervous system ... locomotion locomotion . ref Dietz 2003. spinalcord pattern generators for locomotion. Clin Neurophysiol ... improve with training spinal plasticity ref Dietz 2003. Spinalcord pattern generators for locomotion. Clin. Neurophysiol. 114 1379 89 ref and therefore it is believed that spinalcord has the capability ... special senses and dynamically adapts the locomotor pattern of spinalcord to the requirements of the environment ... FROM the spinalcord and out to motor neurons The dynamic interactions between Spinalcord and sensory ... patterns in chronic spinal cats. J. Neurophysiol. 66, 1874 1887 ref The spinalcord processes and interprets ... al populations within the spinalcord varies according to the physiological state. Even the efficacy ... in complete spinalcord injury, sensory feedback is very important in generating rhythmic locomotion ... descending brain pathways strongly suggesting human spinalcord locomotor CPG and sensory feedback ... spinalcord is an altered spinalcord. After a SCI, supraspinal and spinal sources of control of movement ... pattern in paraplegic patients training effects and recovery of spinalcord function. SpinalCord 36 380 90 ref thus resulting in an altered spinalcord. The automaticity of posture and locomotion ... IA. 2003. Initiation of locomotor activity in spinal cats by epidural stimulation of the spinalcord ... more details
spinalcord injury.html 7 patients and methods Case Study 10 patients with SCI, traumatic spinalcord injury UJUS 2009, Retrieved April 20, 2010 ref Autonomic effects In spinalcord injuries above ...Spinal shock was first defined by Whytt in 1750 as a loss of wikt sensation sensation accompanied by motor paralysis with initial loss but gradual recovery of reflexes , following a spinalcord injury SCI most often a complete transection. Reflexes in the spinalcord caudal to the SCI are depressed hyporeflexia or absent areflexia , while those rostral to the SCI remain unaffected. Note that the shock in spinal shock does not refer to shock medicine circulatory collapse . Phases of spinal shock class wikitable Phase Time Physical exam finding Underlying physiological event 1 0 1d Areflexia Hyporeflexia Loss of descending facilitation 2 1 3d Initial reflex return Denervation supersensitivity 3 1 4w Hyperreflexia initial Axon supported synapse growth 4 1 12m Hyperreflexia, Spasticity Soma supported synapse growth Explanation of phases Ditunno et al. proposed a four phase model for spinal shock in 2004 as follows ref cite journal last1 Ditunno first1 JF last2 Little first2 JW last3 Tessler first3 A last4 Burns first4 AS title Spinal shock revisited a four phase model journal Spinalcord the official journal of the International Medical Society of Paraplegia volume 42 issue 7 pages 383 95 year 2004 pmid 15037862 doi 10.1038 sj.sc.3101603 ref Phase 1 is characterized by a complete loss or weakening of all reflexes below the SCI. This phase lasts for a day. The neurons involved in various reflex arc s normally receive a basal level of excitatory stimulation from the brain . After an SCI, these cells lose this input, and the neurons involved become hyperpolarized and therefore less ... bowel control, sweating , headaches , and other sympathetic effects. References reflist Category Spinalcord disorders Med stub it Shock spinale pt Choque espinhal ru uk ... more details
pair. The spinal nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system PNS . Anatomy Each spinal nerve is formed by the combination of nerve fibers from the Posterior root of spinal nerve dorsal and Anterior root of spinal nerve ventral roots of the spinalcord . The dorsal roots carry afferent nerve afferent ...Infobox Nerve Name Spinal nerve Latin nervi spinales GraySubject 208 GrayPage 916 Image spinal nerve.svg Caption The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots Image2 Gray799.svg Caption2 Scheme showing structure of a typical spinal nerve. BR 1. General somatic efferent fibers Somatic ... . Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName Spinal nerves MeshNumber A08.800.800.720 Code TA A14.2.00.027 The term spinal nerve generally refers to a mixed spinal nerve , which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinalcord and the body. Humans have 31 left right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs ... motor axons . The spinal nerve emerges from the spinal column through an opening intervertebral foramen between adjacent vertebrae. This is true for all spinal nerves except for the first spinal nerve ... surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs. The Meningeal branches of spinal nerve meningeal branches recurrent meningeal or sinuvertebral nerves branch from the spinal nerve and re enter the intervertebral ... nerves. Nerves emerging from a plexus contain fibers from various spinal nerves, which are now carried ... The muscles that one particular spinal root supplies are that nerve s myotome , and the dermatome anatomy dermatomes are the areas of sensory innervation on the skin for each spinal nerve. Lesions of one ... spinal nerves References refbegin Blumenfeld H. Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases ... . Ninth Edition. New York McGraw Hill 2009. refend Nervous system Spinal nerves Category Peripheral nervous system Category Spinal nerves ar ca Nervi espinal cs M n nervy de Spinalnerv ... more details
Context date October 2009 Infobox Grappling hold name Spinal lock image Neck crank.jpg image size 220px alt A grappler applies a lock to his opponent s neck caption A grappler applies a lock to his opponent s neck aka Neck crank parent style Grappling classification Joint lock parent hold child holds A spinal lock is a multiple joint lock applied to the spinal column , which is performed by forcing the spine beyond its normal ranges of motion. This is typically done by bending or twisting the head or upper body into abnormal positions. Commonly, spinal locks might Strain injury strain the Vertebral column spinal muscle musculature or result in a mild spinal sprain , while a forcefully and or suddenly applied spinal lock may cause severe ligament damage or damage to the vertebrae , and possibly result in serious spinalcord injury , stroke s, or death. Spinal locks can be separated into two categories based on their primary area of effect on the spinal column spinal locks on the neck are called neck cranks and locks on the lower parts of the spine are called spine cranks . Primarily a feature of some martial art s and wrestling , a 2007 news article reported the dangerous use of spinal locks in Australia s National Rugby League . ref cite web url http www.theaustralian.com.au news wrestling guru necks will be snapped story e6frg7n6 1111114210130 title Wrestling guru necks will be snapped ... lock is a spinal lock applied to the neck Anatomy of the human neck cervical spine causing hyperextension ... also refer to a type of neck compression employed from a rear mount position in which the back of the thumbs ... spinal flexion. The main pressure is however on the cervical spine, hence making it a Neck crank neck ..., the first twister finish in UFC history. Spine crank File Youth spinal lock.jpg thumb left Young ... exclusively to this type is a spinal lock that affects the thoracic and or lumbar regions of the spinal ... to apply. Twisting or bending the upper body to apply pressure to the spinal column requires large ... more details
Nerve cord may refer to the following structures in invertebrate s, it refers to the ventral nerve cord , whereas in chordates , it stands for the dorsal nerve cord . disambig ... more details
Spinal Tap can refer to Lumbar puncture , a medical procedure colloquially referred to as a spinal tap Spinal Tap band , a parody fictional heavy metal band This Is Spinal Tap , a mockumentary about the same band This Is Spinal Tap album This Is Spinal Tap album , the film s soundtrack disambig ... more details
Image Bungee Cord PICT6882a.jpg thumb right 325px Bungee cords equipped with metal hooks A bungee cord sometimes spelled bungie , also known as a shock cord , is an elastomer elastic cord composed of one or more elastic strands forming a core, usually covered in a woven cotton or polypropylene sheath. The sheath does not materially extend elastically, but it is braided with its strands spiraling around the core so that a longitudinal pull causes it to squeeze the core, transmitting the core s elastic compression to the longitudinal extension of the sheath and cord. Specialized bungees, such as some used in bungee jumping , may be made entirely of elastic strands. Bungee cords have been used to provide a lightweight suspension for aircraft undercarriages from before World War I , and are still used on many small homebuilt aircraft where weight remains critical. ref Norman S. Currey, Aircraft landing Gear Design Principles and Practices, AIAA Education Series, American Institute of Aeronaticsa and Astronautics, Inc., 1988 ISBN 0930403 41 X ref Bungee cords were also used in parachuting to assist in opening the old style parachute container after the Ripcord skydiving ripcord was pulled. Today, bungee cords are most often used to secure objects without tying knot s and to shock absorber absorb shock . Inexpensive bungee cords, with metal or plastic hooks on each end, are marketed as a general utility item. This form is also known as octopus, or occy , straps in Australia, these can be an individually, or a set of four hooked straps held together by a metal ring allowing the occy strap to secure items around various tie points, for example a suitcase to a car roof rack. Extensions of the concept are available as a coarse net of bungee cords with metal or plastic hooks around the periphery, for securing irregularly shaped loads of luggage and cargo on the backs of pickup truck ... of Glider sailplane gliders using an elasticized cord. ref cite web url http www.glidingmagazine.com ... more details
Spinal decompression is a term that describes the relief of pressure on one or many pinched nerves neural impingement of the spinal column. ref cite web url http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com spinal decompression title spinal decompression definition of spinal decompression in the Medical ... date accessdate 2010 12 18 ref Spinal decompression can be achieved both ... bulge, disc herniation , sciatica , spinal stenosis, and isthmic and degenerative spondylolisthesis . Surgical spinal decompression Surgical spinal decompression can be performed in two common ... spinal decompression File Nonsurgical Spinal Decompression Technique.jpg thumb right alt In nonsurgical spinal decompression, a patient is strapped securely to a table. File Straps for nonsurgical spinal decompression.jpg thumb right alt Straps. File Nonsurgical spinal decompression 3.jpg thumb right alt Mechanical traction slowly and temporarily alleviates spinal pressure. Non surgical spinal ... control allows non surgical spinal decompression tables to apply a traction force to the discs of the spinal column reducing intradiscal pressure, unlike previous non computer controlled traction ... for spinal decompression. ref http www.mayoclinic.com health inversion therapy an01614 Inversion .... Spinal decompression works through a series of 15 one minute alternating decompression using a logarithmic ... url http www.totalback.com spinal disk decompression therapy.php title Vax D Spinal Decompression ... cite web url http www.americanspinal.com non surgical spinal decompression.html title Non Surgical Spinal ... varying versions, including articulating spinal decompression or range of motion ROM decompression, which enables the doctor or therapist to adjust the patient s spinal Neutral spine posture during ... forces to reach into spinal areas and tissues that basic linear decompression misses. The Antalgic ... surgical spinal decompression is that significant distractive forces, when applied to the lumbar spine ... more details
fractures of the spinal column which could damage the spinalcord. It can also be used ...Interventions infobox Name Spinal fusion Image CorrectedKyphosis.jpg Caption A 24 year old male showing a normal kyphotic kyphosis curve after a 13 level spinal fusion to correct Scheuermann s disease ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 81.0 MeshID D013123 OtherCodes Spinal fusion , also known as spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis ... the faulty vertebrae themselves, which is usually caused by degenerative conditions. However, spinal fusion is also the preferred way to treat most spinal deformities, specifically scoliosis and kyphosis . Reasons for spinal fusion Spinal fusion is done most commonly in the lumbar region of the vertebral ... thoracic problems. The indications for lumbar spinal fusion are controversial. ref cite book .... Spinal fusion in the thoracic region is most often associated with spinal deformities, such as scoliosis and kyphosis . Patients requiring spinal fusion have either neurological deficits or severe pain which has not responded to conservative treatment. Spinal fusion surgeries are also common in patients ... where spinal fusion may be considered degenerative disc disease herniated disc spinal disc herniation discogenic pain spinal tumor vertebral fracture bone fracture scoliosis kyphosis i.e, Scheuermann s disease spondylolisthesis spondylosis Posterior Rami Syndrome other degenerative spinal conditions any condition that causes instability of the spine Types of spinal fusion There are two main types of lumbar spinal fusion, which may be used in conjunction with each other Posterolateral fusion ... for the spinal fusion, the disc is removed entirely, for example in Anterior cervical discectomy ... spinal motion. Such procedures, such as artificial disc replacement , are being offered as alternatives ... to reduce complications and recovery time for lumbar spinal fusion. In addition to lumbar fusions, cervical spinal fusions may also be performed on the neck. The purpose of a cervical spinal fusion is to join ... more details
The spinal arteries are the Anterior spinal artery Posterior spinal artery disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages fr Art re spinale ... more details
In telecommunication , a cord circuit is a telephone switchboard switchboard Electronic circuit circuit in which a plug terminated cord is used to establish connections manually between User telecommunications user lines or between trunks and user lines. A number of cord circuits are furnished as part of the switchboard position equipment. The cords may be referred to as front cord and rear cord or trunk cord and station cord. In modern cordless switchboards, the cord circuit function is switch operated and may be Computer program programmable . In early and middle 20th century telephone exchange s this task was done by a supervisory relay set known variously as Junctor Circuit or District Junctor . Later designs made it a function of the trunk circuit or absorbed it into software. See also Switched loop References FS1037C MS188 Category Telephony equipment telecommunications stub ... more details
Image cord lock.jpg thumb right Barrel type flat top cord lock A plastic cord lock also known as cord fastener , plastic stopper or cord toggle attaches to drawstrings and tightens without the use of knot s. Cord locks allow mountaineering mountaineers to fasten clothing and camping equipment quickly in cold conditions when the fingers are encased in heavy gloves. They consist generally of three parts a barrel, a toggle plunger , and a spring. Squeezed together, tension is released and the cord lock can move freely up and down the cords. Released, the tension is engaged and the cord lock stays in place. They come in many sizes and shapes to suit to any purpose, including plastic cord lock, mini size cord lock, no spring cord lock, with spring cord lock, with rim cord lock. Cord fasteners are used in many different applications to retain one or more cord segments or drawstrings in a tightened condition and to release such cord segments when desired. For example, cord locks are used in connection with garment s that include drawstrings, such as hooded jacket s and sweatshirt s. Such fasteners are also used on various types of bags such as laundry bags and other storage bags that utilize cords to temporarily close an open end. They are also used in window blind s. They vary in size depending on the particular application, from less than convert 1 in mm long to convert 3 in mm or more. The original cord lock was invented by Mark J. Krauss in 1986. ref name patent Cite web url http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?Sect1 PTO2&Sect2 HITOFF&p 1&u 2Fnetahtml 2FPTO 2Fsearch bool.html&r 1&f G&l 50&co1 AND&d PTXT&s1 4622723.PN.&OS PN 4622723&RS PN 4622723 title United States Patent 4,622,723 accessdate 2008 12 22 ref Cord locks are usually purchased from a haberdashery . References reflist Category Camping equipment Category Climbing equipment Category Clothing Category Mountaineering equipment Category Textile closures ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Bedford cord , named after the town of Bedford in England , is a durable fabric that resembles corduroy . The Weaving weave has faint lengthwise ridges, but without the filling yarns that make the distinct Corduroy wales characteristic of corduroy. Trousers made with Bedford cord are sometimes called Bedford cords . A water repellent cotton version of Bedford cord called Jungle Cloth was used by the U.S. Navy for flight clothing during the 1920s 1940s era. Fabric DEFAULTSORT Bedford Cord Category Woven fabrics Textile stub ... more details
Chris Cord born July 15, 1940 is a race car driver and is a grandson of Errett Lobban Cord , the founder of the Cord Corporation which also ran Cord Automobile . In 1987, he won the International Motor Sports Association IMSA IMSA GT Championship Camel GT Driver s Championship. IROC Involvement Chris Cord was invited to the International Race of Champions in 1988. During this time his best finish was sixth place, at Watkins Glen International . External links http racing reference.info driver?id cordch01 Chris Cord at racing reference.info Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Cord, Chris ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH July 15, 1940 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Cord, Chris Category 1940 births Category American racing drivers Category International Race of Champions drivers Category Living people Category IMSA drivers US autoracing bio stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Compression fracture Image L4 compressionFracture2008.jpg Caption Compression fracture of the fourth lumbar vertebra post falling from a height. ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 733.13 pathological , ICD9 805 ICD9 806 traumatic Image Compressionfracture.jpg thumb X ray of the lumbar spine with a compression fracture of the third lumbar vertebra. A compression fracture is a collapse of a vertebra . It may be due to trauma or due to a weakening of the vertebra. This weakening is seen in patients with osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta , lytic lesions from metastatic or primary tumors, ref cite web first Kristy last Weber date February 28, 2006 url http www.hopkins arthritis.org physician corner cme rheumatology rounds metastatic bone disease rheumrounds2.html title Rounds 2 Treatment ..., compression fractures of the spine characteristically appear as wedge deformities , with greater ... chapter Benign Compression Fracture chapterurl http books.google.com books?id Sossht2t5XwC&pg PA302 ... of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials ... doi 10.1097 01.brs.0000244639.71656.7d title Balloon Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty for Vertebral Compression ... kyphoplasty in the management of vertebral compression fractures An updated systematic review and meta ... ref minimally invasive procedures designed to treat pain from osteoporotic compression fractures and sometimes ... 10.1056 NEJMoa0900563 title A Randomized Trial of Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic spinal Fractures year ... 011 1639 5 title Balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in the management of vertebral compression ... vertebroplasty versus balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture ... and disability in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures year 2011 last1 Farrokhi first1 ... vertebral compression fracture article em.htm Vertebral Compression Fracture information ... http emedicine.medscape.com article 1157987 overview Emedicine article on spinal metastasis Fractures ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
