Infobox mineral name Spinel category Oxide minerals Spinel group boxwidth boxbgcolor image Spinel2.jpg ... ref name Mindat ref http webmineral.com data Spinel.shtml Spinel at webminerals ref Spinel is the magnesium aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals. It has the formula MgAl sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub . ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 3729.html Spinel at Mindat ref Balas ruby is an old name for a rose tinted variety. Spinel group The spinels are any of a class of mineral s of general ... 2 sup Fe sub 2 sub sup 3 sup O sub 4 sub sup 2 sup . Members of the spinel group include ref http www.mindat.org min 29156.html Spinel group at Mindat ref Aluminium spinels Spinel MgAl sub 2 sub O sub ... O sub 4 sub Others with the spinel structure Ringwoodite Mg,Fe sub 2 sub SiO sub 4 sub , an abundant ... km depth, and a rare mineral in meteorites There are many more compounds with a spinel structure ... occur as minerals. Properties of true spinelSpinel crystallizes in the isometric system common ... shades of red , blue , green , yellow , brown or black . There is a unique natural white spinel, now ... Spinel is the largest known spinel in the world, weighing convert 500 carat g . The transparent red spinels were called spinel rubies or balas rubies. In the past, before the arrival of modern science ... used for the red gem variety of the mineral corundum and the word spinel became used. Balas is derived ... right Cut spinel True spinel has long been found in the gemstone bearing gravel of Sri Lanka and in limestone ... , Tsavo Kenya and in the gravels of Tunduru Tanzania and Ilakaka Madagascar . Spinel is found as a metamorphic ... oxide may form as the mineral corundum or may combine with magnesia to form spinel. This is why spinel and ruby are often found together. Spinel, Mg,Fe Al,Cr sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub , is common ..., while garnet is the stable phase deeper in the mantle below the spinel stability region. Spinel, Mg ... chondritic meteorite s. The spinel structure Image Spinel.GIF thumb right Crystal structure of spinel ... more details
Image Samarianspinel.jpg right 250px thumb The Samarian Spinel The Samarian Spinel is a convert 500 carat g adj on spinel gemstone that is the largest of its kind in the world. It is part of the Iranian Crown Jewels . Origins It, together with a smaller convert 270 carat g adj on spinel, were captured by the Persian King Nader Shah during his 18th century conquest of India. The smaller of the two Spinel bears a 350 year old inscription attributing its ownership to Jehangir , a Mogul Emperor of India. Legend states that in response to court criticism for having inscribed his own name on the stone, the Emperor proclaimed This stone shall make my name more famous than the entire dynasty of Tamerlane His prediction proved somewhat correct as the Tamerlane dynasty was overthrown after 230 years, while Jehangir s name lives on inscribed on a number of gemstones found in the Iranian treasury. The Samarian Spinel uniquely has a hole in it. According to a diary entry of the court physician to the Iranian Shah Nasser al Din Shah Qajar , the King told the physician that the stone once adorned the neck of the biblical golden calf, which the Israelites are said to have made while Moses was receiving the Ten Commandments . The diamond was added later to conceal the hole. ref http famousdiamonds.tripod.com samarianspinel.html ref References reflist Meen & Tushingham, 1968 Bank Markazi Iran , 1971 External links http famousdiamonds.tripod.com samarianspinel.html Feature on Samarian Spinel http www.ruby sapphire.com r s bk quality5.htm A gemstone account coord missing Iran Category Named gemstones Category Crown jewels of Iran Category Visitor attractions in Tehran mineral stub Tehran Province ... more details
Image Pleonaste.jpg thumb Pleonaste , Queensland , Australia Ceylonite first cited 1793 and pleonaste first cited 1801 are dingy blue or grey to black varieties of spinel . Ceylonite, apparently named for the island of Ceylon , is a ferroan spinel with Mg Fe from 3 1 and 1 1, and little or no ferric iron. Pleonaste is named from the Greek language Greek for abundant, for its many crystal forms, and is distinguished chemically by low Mg Fe ratios of approximately 1 3. Ceylonite and pleonaste are old terms with apparently no precise meaning. Nevertheless, both terms are still occasionally used in the current mineralogical literature. References http www.mindat.org min 9744.html Mindat ceylonite http www.mindat.org min 6684.html Mindat pleonaste Category Oxide minerals Category Gemstones oxide mineral stub fa ... more details
Trevorite is a very rare nickel nickeliferous mineral belonging to the spinel group. It has the chemical formula NiFe sup 3 sup sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub . It is a black mineral with the typical spinel properties of crystallising in the Cubic crystal system cubic system , black streaked, infusible and insoluble in most acids. There is at least partial solid solution between trevorite and magnetite , with many magnetites from ultramafic rock s containing at least trace amounts of nickel Ni . Fe sup 2 sup and Mg sup 2 sup may substitute for Ni in trevorite. It is named after Major Tudor Gruffydd Trevor who was a mining inspector in South Africa . References cite book last Deer first W. A. coauthors R. A. Howie, and J. Zussman title An Introduction to the Rock forming Minerals year 1992 publisher Longman location Harlow, Essex isbn 0 470 21809 6 pages 559 563 http webmineral.com data Trevorite.shtml webmineral.com entry Category Iron minerals Category Nickel minerals Category Spinel group oxide mineral stub ar es Trevorita fr Tr vorite it Trevorite ... more details
Infobox mineral name Gahnite category Oxide mineral spinel group boxwidth boxbgcolor image Gahnite.jpg caption formula ZnAl sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub strunz 04.BB.05 color Dark green, bluish green, blue to indigo, yellow to brown habit Typically octahedra, rarely as dodecahedra also assive to granular system Isometric twinning Common on 111 produces striations cleavage Indistinct parting on 111 fracture Conchoidal, uneven mohs 7.5 8.0 luster Vitreous refractive n 1.79 1.80 opticalprop Isotropic birefringence pleochroism streak Grey gravity 4.38 4.60 melt fusibility diagnostic solubility diaphaneity Translucent to nearly opaque other references ref name Handbook http rruff.geo.arizona.edu doclib hom gahnite.pdf Mineral Handbook ref ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 1632.html Mindat ref ref name Webmineral http webmineral.com data Gahnite.shtml Webmineral ref Gahnite , ZnAl sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub , is a rare mineral belonging to the spinel group. It forms octahedral crystals which may be green, blue, yellow, brown or grey. It occurs in Falun , Sweden where it is found in pegmatites and skarn s, contact metamorphic rocks . Other occurrences include Charlemont, Massachusetts Spruce Pine, North Carolina White Picacho district, Arizona Topsham, Maine and Franklin, New Jersey in the United States . ref name Handbook ref name Mindat It was first described in 1807 for an occurrence in the Falu mine, Falun, Dalarna, Sweden, and named after the Swedish chemist, Johan Gottlieb Gahn 1745 1818 , the discoverer of the element manganese . ref name Mindat ref name Webmineral It is sometimes called zinc spinel . References Reflist Commons category Category Zinc minerals Category Aluminium minerals Category Spinel group Oxide mineral stub cs Gahnit de Gahnit es Gahnita fa it Gahnite he pt Gahnita sv Gahnit ... more details
Image Etang de lers lherzolite.jpg thumb right 250px Lherzolite at Etang de Lers, Ari ge, France Image Lherzolite eifel.jpg thumb right 250px Lherzolite xenolith from Eifel , Germany Lherzolite is a type of ultramafic igneous rock . It is a coarse grained rock consisting of 40 to 90 olivine along with significant orthopyroxene and lesser calcic chromium rich clinopyroxene . Minor minerals include chromium and aluminium spinel s and garnet s. Plagioclase can occur in lherzolites and other peridotite s that crystallize at relatively shallow depths 20 30 km . At greater depth plagioclase is unstable and is replaced by spinel. At approximately 90 km depth, pyrope garnet becomes the stable aluminous phase. Garnet lherzolite is a major constituent of the Earth s upper mantle extending to 300 km depth . Lherzolite is known from the lower ultramafic part of ophiolite complexes although harzburgite is more common in this setting , from alpine type peridotite massifs, from fracture zones adjacent to mid oceanic ridges, and as xenolith s in kimberlite pipes and alkali basalts. Partial melting of spinel lherzolite is one of the primary sources of basalt ic magma . The name is derived from the Lherz Massif , an alpine peridotite complex also known as orogenic lherzolite complex , the type locality at Etang de Lers, near Massat in the France French Pyrenees Lherz is the archaic spelling of this location. The Lherz massif also contains harzburgite and dunite , as well as layers of spinel pyroxenite , garnet pyroxenite, and hornblendite . The layers represent partial melts extracted from the host peridotite during decompression in the Mantle geology mantle long before emplacement into the crust. The Lherz massif is unique because it has been emplaced into Paleozoic carbonates limestone s and dolostone s , which form mixed breccia s of limestone lherzolite around the margins of the massif. References Blatt, Harvey and Robert J. Tracy, 1996, Petrology Igneous, Sediment ... more details
Infobox mineral name Nichromite category Spinel Group formula Ni,Co,Fe Cr,Fe,Al sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub strunz 04.BB.05 symmetry Isometric, m3m 4 m overline 3 2 m hexoctahedral unit cell a 8.32 V 573.86 Z 8 color Dark green, black habit Granular, anhedral to subhedral mohs 6 6 system Cubic crystal system Isometric fracture Conchoidal luster Metallic refractive opticalprop Isotropic pleochroism streak Greyish green gravity 5.10 diaphaneity Opaque references ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 2894.html Nichromite on Mindat.org ref ref name Webmin http webmineral.com data Nichromite.shtml Nichromite on Webmineral ref ref Sawaokaa,A.,Saitoa,S.,Inoueb,K. and Asadab,T. 1971 Effect of high pressure on the lattice constants of chromites having the spinel structure. Materials Research Bulletin, 6, 97 101. ref ref name Cabri Cabri, L. J., Chao G.Y., Pabst, Adolf, Fleischer, Michael. 1980 New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 65, 811. ref Nichromite Ni,Co,Fe Cr,Fe,Al sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub ref name Mindat is a black Cubic crystal system cubic metallic mineral and member of the spinel group. ref http glossary.agiweb.org dbtw wpd exec dbtwpub.dll Glossary of Geology ref Nichromite was originally reported from the Bon Accord nickel deposit in Barberton District , South Africa . ref name Mindat Occurring naturally in a nickel deposit, nichromite is named for chromite with dominant nickel . ref name Webmin The atomic arrangement of the spinel group is a commonly studied structure and characteristically has four closely packed oxygen atoms. The nickel atoms are organized corresponding to a normal spinel arrangement. ref Wyckoff, R.W.G. 1965 Crystal Structures Second Edition . 75 86 p. University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. ref The mineral has only been found in the Bon Accord Nickel Deposit in South Africa where it is formed by replacing chromite and rimmed by trevorite . ref name Cabri References Reflist Category Spinel group Category Cubic minerals Oxide mineral stub ... more details
and may have personally stabbed Said to death himself. Upon searching Said s corpse, the spinel ... 2011 05 13 arts 13iht acaj spinel jewelry13.html? r 1 ref A wartime adornment During his ..., 2005. Gemcal Gems from the Far East. http www.gemcal.com spinel.htm Spinel Story . Retrieved April ... more details
Infobox mineral name Hercynite category Oxide mineral, spinel group boxwidth boxbgcolor image Hercynite.jpg caption formula Fe sup 2 sup Al sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub molweight 173.81 strunz 04.BB.05 color Black habit Euhedral crystals. Also massive to granular system Cubic crystal system Isometric 4 m 3 2 m Space Group F d3m cleavage 111 indistinct fracture Uneven flat surfaces not cleavage fractured in an uneven pattern. mohs 7.5 luster Vitreous glassy refractive n 1.8 opticalprop Isotropic birefringence pleochroism streak dark green gravity 3.95 melt fusibility diagnostic solubility diaphaneity other non radioactive references ref name Handbook http www.handbookofmineralogy.com pdfs hercynite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy ref ref name Webmin http webmineral.com data Hercynite.shtml Webmineral ref ref http www.mindat.org min 1875.html Mindat ref Hercynite is a spinel mineral with the formula FeAl sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub . It occurs in high grade Metamorphism metamorphosed iron rich argillaceous sediment s as well as in mafic and ultramafic igneous rock s. Due to its hardness it also is found in placer s. ref name Handbook It was first described in 1847 and its name originates from the Latin name for the Bohemian Forest , Silva Hercynia, where the species was first found. ref name Handbook ref name Webmin References Reflist Category Iron minerals Category Aluminium minerals Category Spinel group oxide mineral stub es Hercinita pl Hercynit uk ... more details
There are over 130 species of minerals that have been used as gemstone s. These include Agate Alexandrite and other varieties of chrysoberyl Andalusite Axinite Benitoite Beryl Aquamarine and maxixe Aquamarine and other varieties of beryl Red beryl Bixbite Red beryl Cassiterite Chrysocolla Chrysoprase Clinohumite Cordierite Iolite Danburite Diamond Diopside Dioptase Dumortierite Emerald Feldspar Orthoclase moonstone Garnet Hambergite Hematite Jade jadeite and nephrite Jasper Kornerupine Kunzite Lapis lazuli Malachite Natural moissanite Obsidian Olivine Peridot Opal Girasol Pyrite Quartz and its varieties Agate Amethyst cardinal gem Citrine Chalcedony bloodstone Onyx Tiger s eye Ruby Sapphire dark blue Spinel Sugilite Tanzanite and other varieties of zoisite Topaz Turquoise Tourmaline Variscite Zeolite Thomsonite Zircon Artificial and synthetic Artificial or synthetic materials used as gems include High lead glass Synthetic corundum Synthetic cubic zirconia Synthetic spinel Synthetic moissanite Synthetic alexandrite Synthetic opal Synthetic turquoise Synthetic diamond Synthetic quartz Synthetic beryl cristinite YAG yttrium aluminum garnet Organic There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including Amber Ammolite from fossils formed from the shells of extinct ammonite s. Bone Coral Ivory Jet lignite Nacre Mother of pearl Pearl Category Gemstone related lists Category Gemstones cs seznam drahokam et Kalliskivide loend ja ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Emery paper is a type of paper that can be used for sanding down hard and rough surfaces. It can also be used for resistant technology purposes to give a smooth, shiny finish to manufactured products and is often used in the finishing of high end watch movements. Similar to sandpaper , it is made by gluing small particles of the mineral Emery mineral emery also called iron spinel or hercynite to paper. See also Emery cloth Emery board DEFAULTSORT Emery Paper Category Grinding and lapping Category Abrasives Category Paper products Metalworking stub tool stub de Schmirgelpapier ... more details
infobox mineral name Galaxite category Oxide minerals Spinel image imagesize alt caption formula Mn,Fe,Mg Al,Fe sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub strunz 04.BB.05 dana symmetry Isometric 4 m overline 3 2 m hexoctahedral unit cell a 8.271 Z 8 molweight color Black, red brown, red to yellow colour habit Octahedra and rounded grains and exolution blebs system Cubic crystal system Cubic twinning Spinel law with 111 as both twin and composition plane cleavage Indistinct to none fracture Conchoidal to irregular tenacity Brittle mohs 7.5 luster Vitreous streak Red brown diaphaneity Opaque may be translucent in thin section gravity 4.234 density polish opticalprop Isotropic refractive n 1.923 birefringence pleochroism 2V dispersion extinction length fast slow fluorescence absorption melt fusibility diagnostic solubility impurities alteration other prop1 prop1text references ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 1639.html Mindat.org ref ref name HBM http rruff.geo.arizona.edu doclib hom galaxite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy ref ref name Webmin http webmineral.com data Galaxite.shtml Webmineral data ref Galaxite is a spinel mineral with the chemical formula Mn,Fe,Mg Al,Fe sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub . It has a vitreous Lustre mineralogy luster and is brownish red. It also leaves a brownish red streak. It is rated 7.5 on the Mohs Scale . ref name HBM It was first described in 1932 for an occurrence at Bald Knob, Alleghany County, North Carolina near its namesakes, the town of Galax, Virginia and the plant galax which grows in the area. ref name Webmin ref name HBM It occurs in carbonate rich Metamorphism metamorphosed manganese ore deposits. It occurs associated with alleghanyite , rhodonite , sonolite , spessartine , tephroite , kutnohorite , manganhumite , jacobsite , kellyite and alabandite in the Bald Knob area. Associated minerals of katoptrite , magnetite , manganostibite , magnussonite , tephroite ... minerals Category Aluminium minerals Category Spinel group Category Cubic minerals oxide mineral ... more details
of convert 733 carat g Spinel s Deleted image removed image blackprincesruby.jpg thumb The Black Prince .... The Black Prince s Ruby , actually a spinel mounted on the Imperial State Crown The Samarian Spinel , the world s largest spinel The Timur Ruby , believed to be quartz until 1851 Topaz The American ... more details
Infobox mineral name Cuprospinel category Oxide mineral Spinel group boxwidth boxbgcolor image caption formula CuFe sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub or Cu,Mg Fe sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub molweight 239.23 strunz 04.BB.05 color Black, gray in reflected light habit Irregular grains, laminae intergrown with hematite system Cubic crystal system Isometric 4 m 3 2 m Space Group F d3m cleavage fracture mohs 6.5 luster Metallic refractive n 1.8 opticalprop Isotropic birefringence pleochroism streak Black gravity 5 5.2 melt fusibility diagnostic solubility diaphaneity Opaque other references ref name MDB ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 1192.html Mindat.org ref ref name Webmin http www.webmineral.com data Cuprospinel.shtml Webmineral data ref Cuprospinel , occurs naturally in Baie Verte, Newfoundland and Labrador Baie Verte , Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland , Canada . ref name MDB cite web title Cuprospinel url http www.handbookofmineralogy.org pdfs cuprospinel.pdf publisher Mineral Data Publishing accessdate 13 October 2010 ref The mineral was found in an exposed ore dump, on the property of Consolidated ... 2010 author MIchael Fleischer and Joseph A. Mandarino year 1974 ref Cuprospinel, is an inverse spinel ... has the general formula AB sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub . Yet, cuprospinel is an inverse spinel in that its ... and Tetrahedral molecular geometry tetrahedral sites in the structure. ref name Spinel Nano ref name Spinel Characterization The Fe sup 2 sup species will occupy some of the octahedral sites and there will only be Fe sup 3 sup at the tetrahedral sites. ref name Spinel Nano cite journal ... jp073746t author Venkata Krishnan ref ref name Spinel Characterization Cuprospinel adopts both ... as temperature is elevated the cubic form is most stable. ref name Crystal Distortion ref name Spinel ... name Spinel Characterization H sub 2 sub O sub v sub CO sub g sub CO sub 2 sub sub g sub H sub 2 sub ... author Emerentino Brazil Quadro ref References Reflist Category Catalysis Category Spinel group Category ... more details
1945. When Anderson replied on 5 November 1945, he told Taaffe that they were unsure of whether it was a spinel ... and magnesium as essential components. ref name thom The confusion between spinel and taaffeite is understandable ... ref classified taaffeite as an intermediate mineral between spinel and chrysoberyl . ref name russ Unlike spinel, taaffeite displays the property of double refraction that allows distinguishing these two ... and occurrence Taaffeite occurs in carbonate rock s alongside fluorite , mica , spinel and tourmaline ... more details
Infobox mineral name Franklinite boxwidth boxbgcolor image Franklinit mit Zinkit Franklin, New Jersey, USA.jpg imagesize alt caption Franklinite black with Zincite red category Oxide minerals formula ZnFe sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub strunz 04.BB.05 dana symmetry unit cell molweight color black colour habit system cubic twinning cleavage fracture irregular uneven, conchoidal tenacity mohs 5 6 luster metallic streak reddish brown to black diaphaneity opaque gravity 5.07 5.22 density polish opticalprop refractive birefringence pleochroism 2V dispersion extinction length fast slow fluorescence absorption melt fusibility diagnostic solubility impurities alteration other prop1 prop1text references var1 var1text var2 var2text var3 var3text var4 var4text var5 var5text var6 var6text Franklinite is a mineral with formula ZnFe sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub . It is associated with the Franklin Furnace Franklin Mine and Sterling Hill Mine s in New Jersey . See also Portal Earth sciences Spinel Classification of minerals List of minerals References Reflist Refbegin http www.mindat.org min 1598.html Mindat page for franklinite Refend External links Commons category inline Category Spinel group Category Iron minerals Category Zinc minerals Category Cubic minerals Oxide mineral stub ar cs Franklinit de Franklinit es Franklinita fa fr Franklinite it Franklinite hu Franklinit ... more details
Infobox mineral name Zincochromite boxwidth boxbgcolor image imagesize alt caption category Spinel group formula ZnCr sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub strunz 04.BB.05 dana symmetry Isometric hexoctahedral 4 m overline 3 2 m unit cell a 8.32 Z 8 molweight color Brownish black colour habit Zoned euhedral crystals with hexagonal outline system Cubic crystal system Cubic twinning cleavage fracture tenacity mohs 5.8 luster Semimetallic streak Brown diaphaneity Opaque, translucent in thin slivers gravity density polish opticalprop Isotropic refractive birefringence pleochroism 2V dispersion extinction length fast slow fluorescence absorption melt fusibility diagnostic solubility impurities alteration other Weakly paramagnetic prop1 prop1text references ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 4412.html Mindat.org ref ref name Webmin http www.webmineral.com data Zincochromite.shtml Webmineral data ref ref name HBM http rruff.geo.arizona.edu doclib hom zincochromite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy ref Zincochromite is a zinc chromium oxide mineral with the formula ZnCr sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub . It is the zinc analogue of chromite , hence the name. It was first described in 1987 as an occurrence in a uranium deposit near Lake Onega , Russia . ref name HBM It has also been reported from Dolo Hill, New South Wales , Australia , and from the Tarkwa Mine in the Ashanti gold belt of Ghana . ref name Mindat References Reflist oxide mineral stub Category Zinc minerals Category Chromium minerals Category Spinel group ... more details
Infobox mineral name Magnesioferrite boxwidth boxbgcolor image Magnesioferrite Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany.jpg imagesize alt caption Magnesioferrite from Ochtendung, Eifel, Germany category Oxide minerals formula Mg Fe sup 3 sup sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub strunz 04.BB.05 dana symmetry unit cell molweight color colour habit system twinning cleavage fracture tenacity mohs luster streak diaphaneity gravity density polish opticalprop refractive birefringence pleochroism 2V dispersion extinction length fast slow fluorescence absorption melt fusibility diagnostic solubility impurities alteration other prop1 prop1text references Magnesioferrite is a magnesium iron oxide mineral, a member of the magnetite series of spinel s. Magnesioferrite crystallizes as black metallic octahedral crystals. It is named after its chemical composition of magnesium and ferric iron . The density is 4.6 4.7 average 4.65 , and the diaphaniety is opaque. Crystalline Fine Occurs as well formed fine sized crystals. Massive Granular Common texture observed in granite and other igneous rock. Its hardness is 6 6.5 Orthoclase Pyrite and the luminescence is non fluorescent . Its luster is metallic and its streak is dark red. Sources include from Vesuvius and Stromboli , Italy . External links Commonscat Magnesioferrite http webmineral.com data Magnesioferrite.shtml http www.mindat.org gallery.php?min 2787 http un2sg4.unige.ch athena cgi bin minfich?s MOSANDRITE Category Iron minerals Category Magnesium minerals Category Spinel group oxide mineral stub de Magnesioferrit es Magnesioferrita it Magnesioferrite ... more details
Zinc ferrites are a series of synthetic inorganic compound s of zinc and iron Ferrite magnet ferrite with the general formula of Zn sub x sub Fe sub 3 x sub O sub 4 sub . Zinc ferrite compounds can be prepared by aging solutions of Zn NO sub 3 sub sub 2 sub , Fe NO sub 3 sub sub 3 sub , and triethanolamine in the presence and in the absence of hydrazine, ref cite doi 10.1557 JMR.1993.2916 ref or reacting iron oxides and zinc oxide at high temperature. Spinel Zn, Fe Fe sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub appears as a tan colored solid that is insoluble in water, acids, or diluted alkali. ref cite web url http www.nubiola.com pag nubiola eng prod zinc.asp title Zinc Ferrites publisher Nubiola.com accessdate 25 March 2010 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref Because of their high opacity, zinc ferrites can be used as pigment s, especially in applications requiring heat stability. For example, zinc ferrite prepared from yellow iron oxide can be used as a substitute for applications in temperatures above convert 350 F C . ref cite web url http www.hoovercolor.com products pigments zincferrite title Zinc Ferrite publisher Hoover Color Corporation accessdate 25 March 2010 ref When added to high corrosion resistant coatings, the corrosion protection increases with an increase in the concentration of zinc ferrite. ref cite doi 10.1108 00035599710367681 ref A recent investigation shows that the zinc ferrite, which is paramagnetic in the bulk form, becomes ferrimagnetic in nanocrystalline thin film format. ref cite doi 10.1063 1.2217253 ref A large room temperature magnetization and narrow ferromagnetic resonance linewidth have been achieved by controlling thin films growth conditions. ref cite doi 10.1063 1.2217253 ref See also Ferrite core Ferrite magnet Zinc smelting References reflist 2 External links cite doi 10.1063 1.1715132 cite doi 10.1034 j.1600 0692.2001.300407.x inorganic compound stub Category Zinc compounds Category Spinel group ... more details
The thiospinel group is a group of sulfide minerals with a general formula AB sub 2 sub X sub 4 sub where A is nominally a 2 metal, B is a 3 metal and X is 2 sulfide or similar anion selenide or telluride . Thio refers to sulfur and spinel indicates their Cubic crystal system isometric spinel like structure. ref name Mindat http www.mindat.org min 29230.html Thiospinel group on Mindat ref As the chalcogen s S, Se and Te are less Electronegativity electronegative than oxygen, the Chemical bonding bonding in these materials is generally more Covalent bond covalent than in the oxospinels. Some are Magnetism magnetic semiconductor s but others display, at times complicated, Metallic bond metallic behavior, often coupled with equally complicated magnetic properties. The assignment of oxidation state s is also not always as straightforward as in the more Ionic bond ionic oxocompounds, as is shown in the case of carrollite . Group members include Cadmoindite CdIn sub 2 sub S sub 4 sub Carrollite CuCo sub 2 sub S sub 4 sub Fletcherite Cu Ni,Co sub 2 sub S sub 4 sub Greigite Fe sup 2 sup Fe sup 3 sup sub 2 sub S sub 4 sub Indite FeIn sub 2 sub S sub 4 sub Kalininite ZnCr sub 2 sub S sub 4 sub Linnaeite Co sup 2 sup Co sub 2 sub sup 3 sup S sub 4 sub Polydymite Ni sup 2 sup Ni sub 2 sub sup 3 sup S sub 4 sub Siegenite Ni,Co sub 3 sub S sub 4 sub Tyrrellite Cu Co,Ni sub 2 sub Se sub 4 sub Violarite Fe sup 2 sup Ni sub 2 sub sup 3 sup S sub 4 sub References Reflist Category Thiospinel group sulfide mineral stub ... more details
Infobox mineral name Ulv spinel category Oxide minerals Spinel boxwidth boxbgcolor image caption formula TiFe sup 2 sup sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub strunz 04.BB.05 color Iron black, brown in reflected light habit Commonly as an exsolution in magnetite system Isometric hexoctahedral 4 m 3 2 m twinning cleavage fracture mohs 5.5 6.0 luster Metallic refractive opticalprop birefringence pleochroism streak gravity 4.78 melt fusibility diagnostic solubility diaphaneity Opaque other references ref http www.mindat.org show.php?id 4089 Mindat ref ref http rruff.geo.arizona.edu doclib hom ulvospinel.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy ref ref http webmineral.com data Ulvospinel.shtml Webmineral data ref Ulv spinel or ulvite is an iron titanium oxide mineral with formula iron Fe sub 2 sub titanium Ti oxygen O sub 4 sub or TiFe sup 2 sup sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub . It forms brown to black metallic Cubic crystal system isometric crystals with a Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6. It belongs to the spinel group of minerals, as does magnetite , Fe sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub . Ulv spinel forms as solid solutions with magnetite at high temperatures and reducing conditions, and grains crystallized from some basalt gabbro magmas are rich in the ulv spinel component. The ulv spinel component tends to oxidize to magnetite plus ilmenite during subsolidus cooling of the host rocks, and the ilmenite so produced may form apparent exsolution trellis type laminae in magnetite . The texture was once interpreted as indicating solid solution between ilmenite and magnetite, until the oxidation reaction and resultant textures were reproduced in laboratory experiments first described by Buddington and Lindsley 1964, Journal of Petrology 5, p. 310 357 . The results are important to plate tectonics because magnetite is an important recorder of rock magnetism. Ulv spinel was first described from a dolerite layered intrusion in the Ulv ... References Reflist Category Spinel group oxide mineral stub it Ulvospinello pl Ulv spinel ... more details
Alfred Edward Ted Ringwood Fellow of the Royal Society FRS ref name frs cite doi 10.1098 rsbm.1998.0023 ref 19 April 1930 12 November 1993 was an Australia n experimental geophysicist and geochemist, and the 1988 recipient of the Wollaston Medal . ref cite web url http www.geolsoc.org.uk gsl null lang en page750.html title Wollaston Medal work Award Winners since 1831 publisher Geological Society of London accessdate 2009 02 25 ref The mineral ringwoodite was named after Ted Ringwood in recognition of his experimental work using the Germanium germanate minerals as low pressure analogues for high pressure Silicate minerals silicate Polymorphism materials science polymorph s. These experimental insights allowed him to predict that polymorphic phase transitions in the common Mantle geology mantle minerals, olivine and pyroxene , would occur within the pressure regime of the Earth s Transition Zone. At the Australian National University he began experimental study of silicates at high pressure, and in 1959 demonstrated that the iron end member of olivine indeed transformed to the denser spinel structure, as did numerous germanate and germanate silicate solid solutions. In 1966, Ringwood and Alan Major, the technical officer who worked with him from 1964 to 1993, synthesized the spinel form of Mg,Fe sub 2 sub SiO sub 4 sub , Also in 1966, the transformation of pure forsterite Mg sub 2 sub SiO sub 4 sub to spinel like phase was achieved. This is the mineral which was named after him. In 1978, his ANU team invented synroc , a possible means of safely storing and disposing of radioactive waste. Ringwood died of lymphoma on 12 November 1993 at the age of 63. The European Association of Geochemistry quinquennially awards a Science Innovation Award medal named in his honour for work in petrology and mineral physics. reflist References http www.science.org.au academy memoirs ringwood.htm A.E. Ringwood biography http rses.anu.edu.au admin index.php?p ringwood legacy A.E. Ringwoo ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 440568978 Name Cobalt II,III oxide ref http www.sigmaaldrich.com catalog search ProductDetail ALDRICH 203114 Sigma Aldrich product page ref ImageFile1 Oxid kobaltnato kobalti it .PNG ImageSize1 ImageName1 Cobalt II,III oxide ImageFile2 Cobalt II,III oxide unit cell 2006 CM perspective 3D balls.png ImageSize2 ImageName2 Ball and stick model of the unit cell of Co3O4 IUPACName cobalt II dicobalt III oxide OtherNames cobalt oxide, cobalt II,III oxide, cobaltosic oxide, tricobalt tetroxide Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 9826389 InChI 1 3Co.4O rCo2O3.CoO c3 1 5 2 4 1 2 InChIKey LBFUKZWYPLNNJC PMPQCLQHAA StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S 3Co.4O StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey LBFUKZWYPLNNJC UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 1308 06 1 RTECS GG2500000 PubChem 11651651 SMILES Co O.O Co O Co O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula Co sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub br CoO.Co sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub MolarMass 240.80 g mol sup 1 sup Appearance black solid Density 6.11 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 895 C BoilingPt 900 C decomposes Solubility Insoluble SolubleOther soluble in acids and alkalis Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards RPhrases R40 R41 R42 R43 SPhrases S36 37 NFPA H 2 NFPA F 0 NFPA R 0 FlashPt Autoignition Cobalt II,III oxide is inorganic compound with the chemical formula formula Co sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub . It is one of two well characterized cobalt oxides. It is a black antiferromagnetic solid. As a Inner sphere electron transfer Mixed valency mixed valence compound , its formula is sometimes written as Co sup II sup Co sup III sup sub 2 sub O sub 4 sub and sometimes as CoO.Co sub 2 sub O sub 3 sub . ref name G&E Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd page 1118 ref Structure Co sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub adopts the Spinel The spinel structure normal spinel structure , with Co sup 2 sup ions in tetrahedral interstices and Co sup 3 sup ions in the octahedral inte ... more details
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