- Respiratory physiology
Image Alveoli.svg thumb 300px Gaseous exchange in the lung. Respiratory physiology is the branch of human physiology focusing upon Respiration physiology respiration . Topics include Volumes lung volumes vital capacity functional residual capacity dead space physiology dead space spirometry body plethysmography peak flow meter Mechanics Image Gray965.png thumb 80px Front view of thorax. Inhalation breathing in is usually an active movement. The contraction of the diaphragm muscles cause a pressure variation, which is equal to the pressures caused by elastic, resistive and inertial components of the respiratory system. In contrast, expiration breathing out is usually a passive process. math begin align P & P el P re P in P & EV R dot V I ddot V end align math Where P sub el sub equals the product of elastance E inverse of Pulmonary compliance compliance and volume of the system V, P sub re sub equals the product of flow Airway resistance resistance R and time derivate of volume V which is equivalent to the flow , P sub in sub equals the product of inertance I and second time derivate of V. R and I are sometimes referred to as Rohrer s constants. Anatomy pleural cavity , thoracic diaphragm , Intercostales externi muscles , Intercostales interni muscles inhalation and exhalation lung , pulmonary alveolus With insufficient pulmonary surfactant , the pulmonary alveolus pulmonary alveoli collapse, causing atelectasis in infants, infant respiratory distress syndrome the law of Laplace , compliance physiology decreased with fibrosis , increased with emphysema ref http oac.med.jhmi.edu res phys Encyclopedia Compliance Compliance.HTML Compliance Bot generated title ref Poiseuille s law asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD hysteresivity Circulation, ventilation, and perfusion Image Illu pulmonary circuit.jpg thumb 80px Pulmonary circulation pulmonary circulation positive pressure ventilation hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction hypoxic vasoconstriction ventilati ... more details
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- Lung cancer surgery
Lung cancer surgery describes the use of surgery surgical operations in the Management of cancer treatment of lung cancer . It involves the surgical excision of cancer tissue from the lung. It is used mainly in non small cell lung cancer with the intention of curing the patient. Patient selection Not all patients are suitable for operation. The cancer staging stage , location and cell type are important limiting factors. In addition, patients who are very ill with a poor performance status or who have inadequate pulmonary reserve would be unlikely to survive. Even with careful selection, the overall operative death rate is about 4.4 . ref name Strand cite journal last Strand first TE coauthors Rostad H, Damhuis RA, Norstein J title Risk factors for 30 day mortality after resection of lung cancer and prediction of their magnitude journal Thorax publisher BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. date Jun 2007 pmid 17573442 volume 62 issue 11 pages 991 7 doi 10.1136 thx.2007.079145 pmc 2117132 ref Stage Cancer staging Stage refers to the degree of spread of the cancer. See non small cell lung cancer staging In non small cell lung cancer, stages IA, IB, IIA, and IIB are suitable for surgical resection. ref name Mountain cite journal last Mountain first CF title Revisions in the international system for staging lung cancer journal Chest volume 111 pages 1710 1717 publisher American College of Chest Physicians year 1997 url http www.chestjournal.org cgi reprint 111 6 1710 doi 10.1378 chest.111.6.1710 pmid 9187198 issue 6 ref Pulmonary reserve Pulmonary reserve is measured by spirometry . If there is no evidence of undue shortness of breath or diffuse parenchymal lung disease , and the FEV sub 1 sub exceeds 2 litres or 80 of predicted, the patient is fit for pneumonectomy . If the FEV sub 1 sub exceeds 1.5 litres, the patient is fit for lobectomy. ref name Colice cite journal last Colice first GL coauthors Shafazand S, Griffin JP et al. title Physiologic evaluation of the patient with lu ... more details
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- Respiration (physiology)
Huff and puff apparatus Spirometry Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry wikibooks School Science ... more details
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- Restrictive lung disease
Infobox Disease Name Restrictive lung disease Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 518.89 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2012 MeshID Restrictive lung diseases or restrictive ventilatory defects ref http oac.med.jhmi.edu res phys Encyclopedia RestrictVentDefect RestrictVentDefect.HTML Johns Hopkins School of Medicine s Interactive Respiratory Physiology Restrictive Ventilatory Defect Retrieved on February 25, 2010 ref are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion ref name emedicineRLD cite web url http www.emedicine.com med topic2012.htm title Restrictive Lung Disease accessdate 2008 04 19 author Sharma, Sat date work publisher ref , resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity. Pathophysiology In disorders that are intrinsic to the lung parenchyma, the underlying process is usually pulmonary fibrosis scarring of the lung . ref name osborne http www.sallyosborne.com Workshop 20on 20PFTs PreReading 20 202009.pdf PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS A Workshop on Simple Spirometry & Flow Volume Loops. Dr. S. Osborne, Dept. Cellular & Physiological Sciences. Mars 2009 ref As the disease progresses, the normal lung tissue is gradually replaced by scar tissue interspersed with pockets of air. This can lead to parts of the lung having a honeycomb like appearance. Presentation The main symptoms are shortness of breath and cough . Citation needed date October 2010 Diagnosis abbreviations section date May 2011 In restrictive lung disease, forced expiratory volume in one second FEV1 and forced vital capacity FVC are reduced, resulting in a normal FEV1 FVC ratio . In obstructive lung disease however, FEV1 is reduced while FVC remains stable, consequentially depicting a lower FEV1 FVC ratio. One definition requires a total lung capacity which is 80 or less ... more details
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- List of medical abbreviations: I
deficiency anemia IS Incentive Spirometry ISA intrinsic sympathomimetic activity ISDN isosorbide dinitrate ... more details
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- Exercise-induced asthma
testing should begin with spirometry before and after inhaled bronchodilator therapy, which ... baseline lung function, and spirometry alone is not adequate to diagnose exercise induced asthma ... more details
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- Bronchiolitis obliterans
DLCO tests are usually normal. Spirometry tests show fixed airway obstructions and sometimes restriction ... of interventions to prevent bronchiolitis obliterans relies on early detection of abnormal spirometry ... more details
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- Mohammed Fazle Rabbee
. His publications include Spirometry in Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia ref Rabbee MF, Azad Khan AK ... RVAbstractPlus Spirometry in Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia , Retrieved on 9, 2009 01 13. ref ... more details
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- Chronic bronchitis
presenting with cough and shortness of breath Pulmonary Function Tests PFT or spirometry must ... more details
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- Plethysmograph
two chambers, each fitted with a Spirometry pneumotachograph . The subject is placed in one of them ... more details
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- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
of the condition includes chest x rays, spirometry pulmonary function tests , and serum IgE. The antibody ... more details
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- Bassetlaw District General Hospital
unit. The cardiorespiratory lab performs echocardiography, ECG, spirometry and pulmonary function ... more details
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- Harbin Clinic
Pediatrics Pharmatrend Route of administration Infusions Plastic Surgery Center Spirometry Pulmonary ... more details
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- Vocal cord dysfunction
the utility of spirometry and plethysmography journal Chest volume 122 issue 6 pages 2246 2249 ... more details
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- Remote physiological monitoring
physiological signals including ECG, EEG, EOG and EMG, respiration, spirometry, oximetry and more ... more details
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- PowerLab
areas such as spirometry and ventricular pressure . The last version of LabChart6 version 6.1.3 was released ... more details
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- Marc B. Schenker
M, Schenker M, Haponik EF. Spirometry reference values for women and men 65 to 85 years of age ... more details
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- ERT (company)
spirometry, Multi Mode ePRO for patient reported outcomes, and enhanced Cardiac Safety Solutions ... more details
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- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
COPD is uncommon under the age of 40 years. Spirometry The diagnosis of COPD is confirmed by spirometry , ref name pmid17507545 a test that measures the forced expiratory volume in one second ... of a large breath. Spirometry also measures the forced vital capacity FVC , which is the greatest ... has COPD, that is, when FEV1 predicted is 88 for men, or 89 for women. ref name Nathell Spirometry ... of dyspnea and exercise limitation. These and other factors can be combined with spirometry results ... more details
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- Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
of the lungs such as a chest X ray or Computed tomography CT CAT scan , spirometry , electrocardiography ... side of the heart caused by OHS, and spirometry may show a restrictive lung disease restrictive ... more details
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- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
volume 65 issue 8 pages 391 3 year 1987 month Apr pmid 3586575 doi 10.1007 BF01745582 url ref Spirometry ... contributed to the longer survival rates. ref name Walter Spirometry studies in LAM patients demonstrate ... more details
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- Lung transplantation
s immediacy of need Chest X ray PA & LAT, to verify the size of the lungs and the chest cavity Spirometry ... transplant the recipients lung with the poorest Spirometry lung functions is collapsed, the blood ... more details
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- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh
has Labs of Spirometry and Bronchoscopy apart from Non Invasive ventilation, thoracoscopy , bronchoscopy, Bronchoscopy and Spirometry. Department of Community and Preventive Medicine The Department ... more details
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- Pulmonology
arterial blood gas measurements are also required. Spirometry the determination of lung volumes in time ... more details
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- UK Biobank
using impedance Measurement of grip strength Breath spirometry Ultrasound bone densitometry ... more details
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