Spontaneousemission is the process by which a light source such as an atom , molecule , nanocrystal ..., e.g., the ground state and emits a photon . Spontaneousemission of light or luminescence is a fundamental ... math hbar math is the reduced Planck constant . The phase waves phase of the photon in spontaneousemission ... emission . An energy level diagram illustrating the process of spontaneousemission is shown below ... A 21 math is the rate of spontaneousemission. In the rate equation math A 21 math is a proportionality ... state to an excited state, a field state with one photon in it. Spontaneousemission in free space ... & Ujihara K title Spontaneousemission and laser oscillation in microcavities publisher CRC ... from electronic excitation to a photonic excitation the atom must decay by spontaneousemission ... source of photons. This is not spontaneousemission, but is actually nonradiative relaxation of the atoms .... Rate of spontaneousemission The rate of spontaneousemission i.e., the radiative rate can be described ... space , the rate of spontaneousemission in the dipole approximation is given by math Gamma rad ... shell electrons in high Z atoms. Clearly, the rate of spontaneousemission in free space increases ... 3 math frequency dependence of the spontaneousemission rate as described by Fermi s golden rule ... spontaneousemission rate from CdSe and CdTe nanocrystals Influence of dark states, Physical ... s Guide to Semiconductor Physics DEFAULTSORT SpontaneousEmission Category Fundamental physics ... panels, lasers for startup normal continuous operation works by stimulated emission instead and light ... 12 math math A 21 Gamma 12 frac 1 tau 21 . math Theory Spontaneous transitions was not explainable ... quantized quantum mechanics and computing the probability of spontaneous transitions from one stationary state to another, one finds that it is zero. In order to explain spontaneous transitions, quantum ...&printsec frontcover&dq 22spontaneous emission 22 PPA6,M1 ref ref name Scully1 cite book author ... more details
Amplified spontaneousemission ASE or superluminescence is light , produced by spontaneousemission , that has been optical amplifier optically amplified by the process of stimulated emission in a gain medium . It is inherent in the field of random laser s. Origins and problems ASE is produced when a laser gain medium is laser pumping pumped to produce a population inversion . Feedback of the ASE by the laser s optical cavity may produce laser operation if the lasing threshold is reached. Excess ASE is an unwanted effect in lasers, since it limits the maximum gain that can be achieved in the gain medium. ASE creates serious problems in any laser with high gain and or large size. In this case, a mechanism to absorb or extract the incoherent ASE must be provided, otherwise the excited state excitation of the gain medium will be depleted by the incoherent ASE rather than by the desired Coherence physics coherent laser radiation . ASE is especially problematic in lasers with short and wide optical cavities, such as disk laser s active mirrors . ref name uns cite journal author D.Kouznetsov coauthors J.F.Bisson, K.Takaichi, K.Ueda title Single mode solid state laser with short wide unstable cavity url http josab.osa.org abstract.cfm?id 84730 journal JOSAB volume 22 issue 8 pages 1605 1619 year 2005 doi 10.1364 JOSAB.22.001605 bibcode 2005JOSAB..22.1605K ref . ASE in organic dye lasers ASE in pulsed organic dye laser s can have very broad spectral characteristics as much as 40 50 nm wide and presents, as such, a serious challenge in the design and operation of tunable narrow linewidth dye lasers. In order to suppress ASE, in favor of pure laser emission, researchers use various approaches including optimized laser cavity designs. ref cite book editors F. J. Duarte L. W. Hillman ... SIAL&N25 0&QS ON&F SPEC ref when doped in polymers. They used amplified spontaneousemission as a probe ... laser DEFAULTSORT Amplified SpontaneousEmission Category Laser science optics stub de Superlumineszenz ... more details
wiktionary emission emissions Emission may refer to Flue gas , also Exhaust gas , flue gas occurring as a result of the combustion of a fuel Emission of Air pollution air pollutant s Greenhouse gas Greenhouse gas emissions Emission of greenhouse gases , a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range Emission electromagnetic radiation , the process by which the energy of a photon is released by another entity Emission radiocommunications , the radio signal usually modulated emitted from a radio transmitter Emission coefficient , a coefficient in the power output per unit time of an electromagnetic source Emission factor Emission line , or spectral line , a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum Emission nebula , a cloud of ionized gas emitting light of various colors Emission spectroscopy , photoemission spectroscopy, flame emission spectroscopy and other types of spectroscopy Emission standard , requirements that set specific limits to the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment Emission theory , a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson Morley experiment Emission theory vision , the proposal that visual perception is accomplished by rays of light emitted by the eyes Emissions trading , a market based approach used to control pollution ... , the ejecting of semen from the penis also, specifically Nocturnal emission , ejaculation experienced during sleep Light emission Thermionic emission , the flow of charged particles called thermions ... Noise emission see Noise Exhalation , especially where the velocity of exhaled air can influence the harmonic ... See also Emissions control disambiguation disambiguation als Emission bg cs Emise da Emission de Emission fr mission lv Emisija lt Emisija nl Emissie ja no Emisjon nn Emisjon pl Emisja pt Emiss o rm Emissiun ru simple Emission sr fi Emissio sv Emission uk ... more details
author G. Scharff Goldhaber and G. S. Klaiber year 1946 month title SpontaneousEmission of Neutrons ...Spontaneous fission SF is a form of radioactive decay characteristic of very heavy isotope s. Because ... s u , spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and single particles becomes possible at heavier masses. Because of constraints in constructing the daughter fission product nuclei, spontaneous fission ... are in theory subject to spontaneous fission, are niobium 93 and molybdenum 94 elements 41 and 42 respectively . Spontaneous fission has never been observered in naturally occurring isotopes of these ligher elements, however. Operationally they are stable isotope s. In practice, spontaneous fission ... primordial nuclide that has been observed to undergo spontaneous fission. The elements most susceptible to spontaneous fission are the artificially produced high atomic number actinide ... . For uranium and thorium, spontaneous fission mode of decay does occur, as noted, but it is not seen ... containing these elements. Mathematically, the criterion for whether spontaneous fission can occur ... number and A is the mass number e.g., 235 for U 235 . As the name suggests, spontaneous fission gives ... as in induced nuclear fission. Spontaneous fissions release neutrons as all fissions do, so if a critical mass is present, a spontaneous fission can initiate a self sustaining chain reaction. Also, radioisotopes for which spontaneous fission is a nonnegligible decay mode may be used as neutron sources ... intervals the probability of a spontaneous fission is proportional to the length of time. The spontaneous ... dating technique known as fission track dating . Spontaneous fission rates Spontaneous ... during production. SimpleNuclide Plutonium 240 s high rate of spontaneous fission events makes it an undesirable ... kind of Nuclear weapon design Implosion type weapon implosion method . Spontaneous fission can occur ... neutrons, it was difficult to distinguish between induced and spontaneous fission events. Cosmic ... more details
Image Entheogenic Spontaneous Illumination album art.jpg thumbnail right 220px Cover art for Spontaneous Illumination Spontaneous Illumination was Entheogenic band Entheogenic s second and most successful album. It was released in November of 2003 for the Germany German label C.O.R.N. Recordings and went to Number 1 on the German Chill Out Charts, where it remained at number 1 for 8 weeks. Spontaneous Illumination stayed in the Top 10 for an additional 12 weeks. Track listing Ground Luminosity 11 42 Habitual Overtones 8 54 Pagan Dream Machine 9 45 Mindless 9 41 Invisible Landscapes 9 35 Twilight Eyes 12 32 Spaced 9 47 External links http www.cornrecordings.com c.o.r.n. recordings label homepage http www.cdbaby.com entheogenic Spontaneous Illumination at CDBaby.com includes reviews, description, samples and the option to purchase this album http www.psyshop.com shop CDs cor cor1cd001.html Spontaneous Illumination at PsyShop.com Includes a description, samples and the option to purchase this album Category Ambient albums hu Spontaneous Illumination ... more details
A spontaneous process is the time evolution of a system in which it releases Gibbs free energy free energy usually as heat and moves to a lower, more thermodynamically stable energy state. ref http www.chem.purdue.edu gchelp gloss sponprocess.html Spontaneous process Purdue University ref ref http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?spontaneous process Spontaneous process University of Newcastle upon Tyne ref The sign convention of changes in free energy follows the general convention for thermodynamic measurements, in which a release of free energy from the system corresponds to a negative change in free energy, but a positive change for the surroundings. A spontaneous process is capable of proceeding ... of thermodynamics govern the direction of a spontaneous process, ensuring that if a sufficiently ... of the equation. blockquote When S is positive and H is negative, a process is always spontaneous p When S is positive and H is positive, a process is spontaneous at high temperatures, where ... is spontaneous at low temperatures, where exothermicity is important. p When S is negative and H is positive, a process is not spontaneous at any temperature, but the reverse process is spontaneous ... spontaneous process the overall S must be greater than or equal to zero, yet a spontaneous ... positive. Another way to view the fact that some spontaneous chemical reactions can lead to products ... speed. For example, the decay of diamonds into graphite is a spontaneous process occurs very ... depends on the chemical kinetics of the reaction. Every reactant in a spontaneous process has ... be applied at a time. e.g. Water converting to ice is a spontaneous process because ice is more stable since it is of lower energy. However, the formation of water is also a spontaneous process as water is the more random state. See also Endergonic reaction reactions which are not spontaneous at standard temperature, pressure, and concentrations. Diffusion spontaneous phenomena that minimize ... more details
Orphan date September 2011 Spontaneous alternation is a behavioral test which tests spatial learning and memory . This maze task has been extensively used in many laboratories associated with cognition. Spontaneous alternation maze can have the shape of a Y, T, or sign. The radial arm maze is similar but is much more complicated and a harder task because of the many arms. The rat is placed in the middle of the maze and is allowed to move freely through each arm. The purpose of the test is for the rat or mouse to remember which maze arm was last visited and try to enter as many different arms as possible. The task is testing hippocampal memory and can be weakened by lesions to the hippocampus . The sequence of arm entries and total amount of arm entries are scored and a percentage is calculated. The cognition of the animal can be assessed based on the score where a lower score is considered cognitively impaired. A score of 44 is considered chance. Psychology 101 01 Spontaneous alternation is the tendency to choose a different option than one previously chosen. The T Maze uses rats to test this spontaneous alternation. It has been found that infants also use spontaneous alternation when choosing toys to play with. ref Rothbart,Mary. Development of Spontaneous Alternation in Infancy . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2007, p.351. ref References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Dember W N. In Spontaneous Alternation Behavior. Richman C L, editor. New York Springer 1989 Category Memory tests cognitive psych stub ... more details
Spontaneous healing , also called spontaneous remission or spontaneous regression , means an unexpected ... used for unexpected transient or final improvements in cancer . Spontaneous remissions concern cancers of the haematopoietic system blood cancer, e.g. leukemia , while spontaneous regressions concern palpable tumors however, both notions are often used interchangeably. Definition The spontaneous ..., Everson TC Spontaneous Regression of Cancer . WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 1966 Buch ref The partial .... Frequency It has long been assumed that spontaneous regressions, let alone cures, from cancer are rare ... be largely under or overestimated. For one, not all cases of spontaneous regression can be apprehended ... of spontaneous regression most likely was drastically underrated. In a carefully designed study on mammography it was found that 22 of all breast cancer cases underwent spontaneous regression. ref Per ... offered as explanation for spontaneous regression from cancer In many of the collected cases ... it must be acknowledged that the factors or mechanisms responsible for spontaneous regression are obscure ... Spontaneous Regression of Cancer Philadelphia, JB Saunder & Co Book ref Challis and Stam in 1989 ... that explains the occurrence of spontaneous regression. . ref name Challis Challis GB, Stam HJ. 1990 The spontaneous regression of cancer. A review of cases from 1900 1987 Acta Oncol 29 5 545 550 ref ... growth of new blood vessels is discussed as cause of spontaneous regression. But both mechanisms ... of Cancer, Garland Science 2007 ref A great number, if not a majority of spontaneous regressions ... 185 spontaneous regressions, ref Rohdenburg Fluctuations in the growth energy of tumors in man, with esspecial reference to spontaneous recession . J Cancer Res 1918 3 193 225 ref Fauvet reports 202 cases between 1960 1964, ref Fauvet J Spontaneous cancer cures and regressions. Rev Prat. 1964 Jun 11 14 2177 2180 ref Boyd reports 98 cases in 1966, ref Boyd W The spontaneous regression of cancer ... more details
see also Emergence Self organization Spontaneous order, also known as self organization , is the spontaneous ... and biological processes, while spontaneous order is typically used to describe the emergence of various ... evolved through spontaneous order. ref name rclt1982 http www.econlib.org library Essays LtrLbrty bryTSO.html The Tradition of Spontaneous Order , N. Barry, Institute for Humane Studies Literature ... needed date January 2012 Spontaneous orders are to be distinguished from organizations. Spontaneous ... networks. Further, organizations can be and often are a part of spontaneous social orders, but the reverse is not true. Further, while organizations are created and controlled by humans, spontaneous orders are created, controlled, and controllable by no one. citation needed date January 2012 Spontaneous order is also used as a synonym for any Emergence emergent behavior of which self interested spontaneous ... According to Murray Rothbard , Zhuangzi 369 BCE 286 BCE was the first to work out the idea of spontaneous ... into the idea of the market as a spontaneous order. The sociologist and historian Adam Ferguson described the phenomenon of spontaneous order in society as the result of human action, but not the execution ... argued that market economies are creative of a spontaneous order, a more efficient allocation of societal ... and Its Origins His Idea of Spontaneous Order and the Scottish Enlightenment. Routledge. 2001. p. 2 ref They claim this spontaneous order referred to as the extended order in Hayek s The Fatal ... for Economic Education , describes spontaneous order as follows blockquote Spontaneous order ... 2011 02 10 spontaneous order singlepage Spontaneous Order , Reason magazine Reason ref blockquote Game studies The concept of spontaneous order is closely related with modern game studies . As early ... creation of the ruling elite, and that true spontaneous order would arise if it was eliminated. Construed ..., such spontaneous order would involve the voluntary cooperation of individuals. According to the Oxford ... more details
Multiple issues orphan September 2010 notability June 2009 refimprove June 2009 wikify July 2011 Spontaneous composition is music performed, occurring, or resulting from a sudden natural impulse, tendency, or inclination without effort or premeditation natural and unconstrained unplanned. ref name test http www.spontaneouscomposition.com Main page , SpontaneousComposition.com . redirects to http www.haleykallenberg.com blog ref Musical improvisation Improvisation is one possible musical composition compositional tool used in creating a spontaneous composition . References references Category Musical improvisation Music theory stub ... more details
is an example of a pyrophoricity pyrophoric material which can undergo a kind of spontaneous and potentially ... Spontaneous 20Combustion 20in 20Hay 20Stacks.pdf title Spontaneous Combustion in Hay Stacks ... agdex10721 title Spontaneous combustion in compost piles accessdate 2009 01 12 work ref Linseed oil ... worksafe bull94.txt title EH 93 4 The Fire Below Spontaneous Combustion in Coal publisher U. S. Department ... spontaneous ignition in old Mine tailings . Pistachio nuts are highly flammable when stored in large quantities, and are prone to self heating and spontaneous combustion. ref cite web url http www.tis ... which require the area to be burned prior to germination. People have also been reported as spontaneous human combustion spontaneously combusting . This phenomenon is not considered true spontaneous ... nearby flammable materials and human fat. In engines In internal combustion engine s, spontaneous ... ignition engines. In humans Main Spontaneous human combustion The spontaneous combustion of people ... name arnold Ablaze The Mysterious Fires of Spontaneous Human Combustion Arnold, Larry E. 1995 ISBN ... on the spontaneous combustion of coal http www.wildwoodsurvival.com survival fire spontaneouscombustion rbjul05 index.html Spontaneous combustion demonstration DEFAULTSORT Spontaneous Combustion Category ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 Spontaneous conception may refer to the birth of a second child after the birth of a child conceived through in vitro fertilisation . There is a overall 18 chance of spontaneous conception after an In Vitro Fertilization treatment, but that chance rose to 37 among younger women less than 27 years . But the likelihood also depends of the sperm performance of the man and the egg count of the woman. ref http newsimg.bbc.co.uk 1 hi health 253374.stm ref In Psychology It also can refer to conceptions about the world that we form without any formal education. Often these are connected with physics . They may be wrong concepts, like heavier objects fall faster or bigger objects are heavier . Piaget thinks they are made by introspection. Vygotsky believes they may help the learning of scientific concepts more than having no conception about one event. ref Alberto Gaspar. O ENSINO INFORMAL DE CI NCIAS DE SUA VIABILIDADE E INTERA O COM O ENSINO FORMAL CONCEP O DE UM CENTRO DE CI NCIAS. Depto. de F sica e Qu mica UNESP. Guaratinguet SP. Dispon vel em http www.journal.ufsc.br index.php fisica article viewFile 7493 6872 acesso em 25 09 2010 ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT Spontaneous Conception Category Medicine Category Gynaecology Category Childbirth pt Concep o espont nea ... more details
orphan date October 2011 Spontaneous Celebrations refers to both a building in Jamaica Plain , Massachusetts , United States which acts as an arts and education center, ref name ku.edu http ctb.ku.edu en tablecontents chapter26 section6 example.aspx Community Toolbox, University of Kansas, Improving Parks and Other Community Facilities Example Femke Rosenbaum and Spontaneous Celebrations ref and to a community group which is based there. The mission of the group is to create a cultural life through the arts, and especially through seasonal celebrations in Jamaica Plain and Roxbury , Massachusetts and education. ref http jamaicaplain.patch.com articles spontaneous celebrations, Robin Cuthbert Lee, Jamaica Plain Patch , September 24, 2010, Spontaneous Celebrations ref Its classes emphasize dance , stiltwalking , trapeze , and other circus arts . ref Eric Moskowitz, The Boston Globe , Dec 31, 2001 9 11 CHILL WON T FREEZE OUT FIRST NIGHT AFTER SCHOOL AT FULL STILT http www.mkearnsreporter.com Stilt.html ref History Spontaneous Celebrations dates back to the defeat of the proposed Interstate 95 in Massachusetts extension through many Boston neighborhoods. The first Wake Up the Earth Festival, in 1979, was partly a celebration of the coalition which fought the highway. ref http swcpc.org anniversary Southwest Corridor Park Conservancy, Southwest Corridor Park Conservancy, Southwest Corridor Park Origins and Upkeep ref Spontaneous Celebrations was then founded by Femke Rosenbaum ref name ku.edu to continue the local organization and festivals, and eventually acquired the building around which its community and events center. Of its influence on the Jamaica Plain area, The Boston Globe says One Woman Femke Rosenbaum Changed JP Jamaica Plain . ref Johnny Diaz,Kierra Mills, The Boston ... 2010 http 8thmuse.wordpress.com tag spontaneous celebrations Jamaica Plain Patch http jamaicaplain.patch.com listings spontaneous celebrations Refend External links official http www.spontaneouscelebrations.org ... more details
Spontaneous magnetization is the term used to describe the appearance of an ordered Spin physics spin state magnetization at zero applied magnetic field in a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material below a critical point physics critical point called the Curie temperature or math var T sub C sub var . Overview Heated to temperatures above math var T sub C sub var , ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic and their magnetic behavior is dominated by spin wave s or magnon s, which are boson collective excitations with energies in the meV range. The magnetization that occurs below math var T sub C sub var is a famous example of the spontaneous symmetry breaking spontaneous breaking of a global symmetry, a phenomenon that is described by Goldstone s theorem . The term symmetry breaking refers to the choice of a magnetization direction by the spins, which have spherical symmetry above math var T sub C sub var , but a preferred axis the magnetization direction below math var T sub C sub var . Temperature dependence To first order, the temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization at low temperatures is given by Felix Bloch Bloch s Law ref harvnb Ashcroft Mermin 1976 p 708 ref math M T M 0 left 1 T T c right 3 2 , math where math M 0 is the spontaneous magnetization at absolute zero. The decrease in spontaneous magnetization at higher temperatures is caused by the increasing excitation of spin waves. In a particle description, the spin waves correspond to magnons, which are the massless Goldstone boson s corresponding to the continuous symmetry broken symmetry . This is exactly true for an isotropic magnet. Magnetic anisotropy , that is the existence of a easy direction along which the moments align spontaneously in the crystal, corresponds however to massive magnons. This is a way of saying that they cost a minimum amount of energy to excite, hence they are very unlikely to be excited as math T rightarrow 0 math . Hence the magnetization of an anisotropic magnet is harder ... more details
Spontaneous Broadway is an advanced long form improvisational theatre improvised performance, usually based on audience suggestions. The audience typically submits titles of songs that have never been written, and the performers choose suggestions to create songs, the audience votes through acclamation on their favourite song, which is then used as the core of a brand new Broadway theatre Broadway musical. The format received a favorable review from The New York Times when it premiered in New York in 1995. ref cite news url http theater2.nytimes.com mem theater treview.html? r 1&res 990CE4D7113BF93BA35750C0A963958260&oref slogin work The New York Times Dead link date September 2010 bot RjwilmsiBot ref Though not required or necessarily encouraged by improv professionals, elements of humor inevitably surface in the performance because of the surprising and playful nature of improvisation and its use of typical Broadway stereotypes. The performers songs are supported by an onstage musician or band that improvises the music, generally in the style of typical show tunes. The format was created in New York City and has been performed by a number of different companies around the US. The Spontaneous Broadway format was created by Kat Koppett in association with Freestyle Repertory Theatre in New York. Koppett is a 20 year improv veteran, having worked with Freestyle Repertory Theatre and San Francisco s BATS Improv . She is currently a performer with and Training director for the Mop & Bucket Company, an improv troupe based in the Capital District of New York State. ref http www.mopco.org ref In 1995, TheaterWeek Magazine named Kat one of the year s Unsung Heroes for her creation of Spontaneous Broadway, which is now performed regularly by teams of actors all over the world. On 6 April 2010, the show began its run at the Melbourne Comedy Festival in Australia. It went down very well with the audience in the Arts Centre s Fairfax Studio. Sources Cite book last Koppett first ... more details
Abiogenesis Spontaneous generation or equivocal generation is an obsolete principle regarding the origin ... . The disproof of ongoing spontaneous generation is no longer controversial, now that the life ... living things originally arose from non living material, remains relevant today. Description Spontaneous ... 2009 01 22 year 1973 publisher Charles Scribner s Sons location New York chapter Spontaneous ... like other animals, or they would not have survived. Anaximander also claimed that spontaneous generation ... the fluid stage of the earth and the formation of land. He too held to a spontaneous generation of fully ... the spontaneous generation of life, but held that there had to be trials of combinations of parts of animals ..., whilst others grow spontaneously and not from kindred stock and of these instances of spontaneous ... faqs abioprob spontaneous generation.html title Spontaneous Generation and the Origin of Life ... shelled molluscs are characterized by forming by spontaneous generation in mud, but differ based upon ... on mud and generate life. On the other hand, Athenaeus also dissented towards spontaneous generation ... leucopsis.jpg thumb right The Barnacle Goose br Branta leucopsis Augustine of Hippo discussed spontaneous ...&printsec frontcover PPA17,M1 chapter Chapter 2 Spontaneous Generation Ups and Downs accessdate 2009 ... to the East West Schism in 1054, the influence of Greek science declined, although spontaneous ... ref Spontaneous generation is discussed as a fact in literature well into the Renaissance . Where, in passing ... idea that eels reproduced from corruption of age was mentioned, the spontaneous generation of rats ... right Illustration of the Swan necked bottle used in Pasteur s experiments to disprove spontaneous ... spontaneous generation, he placed meat in a variety of sealed, open, and partially covered containers. ref name slowdeath Cite web url http www.accessexcellence.org RC AB BC Spontaneous Generation.php title The Slow Death of Spontaneous Generation 1668 1859 accessdate 2008 12 19 author Russell Levine ... more details
The text of this new article was adapted from a clarification given by User alteripse on Talk Seale Harris Spontaneous hypoglycemia as of 17 29, 7 February 2010 UTC The term spontaneous hypoglycemia was coined by the physician Seale Harris . ref name alstatearchive cite web title Seale Harris work Alabama State Archives url http www.archives.state.al.us famous s harris.html accessdate 2010 02 11 Who stated their source to be Alabama Hall of Fame , 1968 ref It is a vague term that is currently considered to be too imprecise to be useful by doctors interested in hypoglycemia , though it may have historical value. In some contexts it refers to hypoglycemia that is not induced by exogenous insulin i.e., diabetic hypoglycemia . In other contexts it is equivalent to idiopathic hypoglycemia i.e., Idiopathic of unknown cause . And some people use it to encompass idiopathic hypoglycemia with measured low blood glucose, reactive hypoglycemia with measured low glucose, And it may refer to idiopathic postprandial syndrome . History When Seale Harris was writing about hypoglycemia, the only two kinds that were well understood were diabetic hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia resulting from insulinoma . He asserted that there were likely other types as well. His assertion was widely enough accepted that the diagnosis was assigned to, or claimed by, a large number of patients with otherwise unexplained adrenergic symptoms. His contemporary, a surgeon named Allen Whipple Allen Oldfather Whipple , formulated the Whipple criteria as a sieve to sort out those who might have an insulinoma requiring surgery from those with symptoms but not measured low blood glucose. They are still in use for exactly that purpose. See also Whipple s triad also called Whipple s criteria. Hypoglycemia Diabetic hypoglycemia Reactive hypoglycemia Idiopathic hypoglycemia Idiopathic postprandial syndrome Ketotic hypoglycemia References references Category Disorders of endocrine pancreas Category Medical emergencies ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Spontaneous Inventions Type studio Artist Bobby McFerrin Cover BobbyMcFerrinSpontaneousInventionsCDAlbumCover.jpg Released 1986 Recorded Genre Vocal jazz Length Duration m 39 s 16 Label Blue Note Records Producer Linda Goldstein, Bobby McFerrin album reviews rev1 Allmusic rev1Score rating 4.5 5 ref name AMG Allmusic class album id r143474 tab review label Bobby McFerrin Spontaneous Inventions Review first Scott last Yanow accessdate date 2012 01 07 ref Spontaneous Inventions is a 1986 studio album by United States American vocalist Bobby McFerrin , released by Blue Note Records . The album reached number 3 on the Billboard 200 Billboard 200 , number 62 on Billboard magazine Billboard s R&B Albums chart, number 6 on the Top Jazz Albums chart, and number 2 on the Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart. ref cite web url http allmusic.com artist bobby mcferrin p7090 charts awards title Bobby McFerrin Charts & Awards accessdate May 13, 2011 publisher Allmusic ref The album features special guests, amongst them Robin Williams vocals on Beverly Hills Blues or Herbie Hancock piano on Turtle Shoes . Track listing Tracklist writing credits yes title1 Thinkin About Your Body note1 for Debs writer1 Bobby McFerrin length1 3 15 title2 Turtle Shoes writer2 Bobby McFerrin & Herbie Hancock length2 3 34 title3 From Me to You writer3 Lennon McCartney length3 2 19 title4 There Ya Go writer4 Bobby McFerrin length4 3 40 title5 Cara Mia writer5 Bobby McFerrin length5 4 54 title6 Another Night in Tunisia writer6 Dizzy Gillespie , Jon Hendricks , Frank Paparelli length6 4 14 title7 Opportunity writer7 Joan Armatrading length7 3 53 title8 Walkin writer8 Richard Carpenter musician Richard Carpenter length8 5 39 title9 I Hear Music writer9 Burton Lane , Frank Loesser length9 3 54 title10 Beverly Hills Blues writer10 Bobby McFerrin, Robin Williams length10 3 52 title11 Ma ana Iguana writer11 Bobby McFerrin length11 2 20 References reflist Category ... more details
Spontaneous potential SP , also called self potential , is a naturally occurring Electric potential electric potential difference in the Earth, measured by an electrode relative to a fixed reference electrode. Spontaneous potentials are often Well logging measured down boreholes for formation evaluation in the oil and gas industry, and they can also be measured along the Earth s surface for mineral exploration or groundwater investigation. The phenomenon and its application to geology was first recognized by Conrad Schlumberger , Marcel Schlumberger, and E.G. Leonardon in 1931, and the first published examples were from Russian oil fields. Physics Spontaneous potentials SP are usually caused by charge separation in clay or other minerals, due to presence of semi permeable interface impeding the diffusion of ions through the pore space of rocks, or by natural flow of a conducting fluid through the rocks. The origin of SP across formation can be attributed to two processes involving the movement of ions Streaming potential E sub k sub Electrochemical potential E sub c sub Streaming potential originates from the flow of an electrolyte water over naturally charged solids i.e., surfaces that acquired electrokinetic potential electrokinetic or zeta potential . The streaming potential appears when mud filtrate is forced into the formation under the differential pressure between mud column ... the shale. As such, in most cases, the spontaneous potential measured is only related to the electrochemical ... w sub a sub mf sub Since spontaneous potential is a measure of electrochemical potential and the ionic .... The ideal spontaneous potential across clean bed is known as Static SP SSP , and defined as follow ... diameter d sub h sub With increasing hole size, the value of SP is reduced Measurement technique Spontaneous ... simple, usually SP downhole electrode is built into other logging tools. See also Spontaneous potential logging External links http www.slb.com content services resources books log charts spontaneous ... more details
section area solid angle . Spontaneousemission A warm body emitting photon s has a monochromatic ...The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic ... to a lower energy state. Each element s emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances. Emission In physics , emission is the process ... one through the emission of a photon , resulting in the production of light . The frequency of light ... of the object through the Stefan Boltzmann law . For most substances, the amount of emission ... of color temperature and emission lines . Precise measurements at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via emission spectroscopy . Emission of radiation is typically ... in energy between the two states. These emitted photons form the element s emission spectrum. The fact that only certain colors appear in an element s atomic emission spectrum means that only ... by the atom. The principle of the atomic emission spectrum explains the varied colors in neon ... Emission spectrum H.svg none 757px thumb Emission spectrum of Hydrogen File Emission spectrum Fe.svg none 757px thumb Emission spectrum of Iron Radiation from molecules As well as the electronic transitions .... Emission spectroscopy Light consists of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths. Therefore ... of energy. The emission spectrum can be used to determine the composition of a material, since it is different ... identifying the composition of star s by analysing the received light. The emission spectrum ... emission spectrum. Not all lights emitted by the spectrum are viewable to the naked eye, it also includes ultra violet rays and infra red lighting, an emission is formed when an excited gas is viewed directly through a spectroscope. Image AtomicLineSpEm.png thumb 250px Schematic diagram of spontaneous ... more details
of the incident wave. This is in contrast to spontaneousemission which occurs without regard ... . Lacking a feedback mechanism, laser amplifier s and Amplified spontaneousemission superluminescent sources also function on the basis of stimulated emission. Stimulated emission was a theoretical discovery by Einstein ref name Einstein1916 cite journal last Einstein first A title Strahlungs emission ... spontaneousemission . The phase associated with the photon that is emitted is random. A material ... two stationary states is enhanced beyond that due to spontaneousemission. Such a transition ... on spontaneousemission is that the emitted photons have the same frequency, phase, polarization ... constant, which depends Citation needed date November 2010 on the spontaneousemission lifetimes of the various ... Spontaneousemission DEFAULTSORT Stimulated Emission Category Electromagnetic radiation Category Fundamental ...In optics , stimulated emission is the process by which an atomic electron or an excited molecular state ... equilibrium, absorption exceeds stimulated emission because there are more electrons in the lower ... the rate of stimulated emission exceeds that of absorption, and a net optical amplification can be achieved ... year 1916 volume 18 pages 318 323 ref within the framework of quantum mechanics , wherein the emission is described in terms of photons that are the quanta of the EM field. Stimulated emission ... stimulated emission journal JOSA B year 1987 volume 4 issue 1 pages 78 85 ref Overview Electron ... in between discrete energy levels such as the two shown above. This leads to emission line s and Spectral ... emission . An external electromagnetic field at a frequency associated with a transition can affect ... of stimulated emission . Mathematical model Stimulated emission can be modelled mathematically .... If the atom is in the excited state, it may decay into the lower state by the process of spontaneousemission , releasing the difference in energies between the two states as a photon. The photon ... more details
class wikitable align right Neutron emitters to left of lower dashed line Isotones 2 0 Isotones 1 0 Isotones 0 0 Isotones 1 0 Isotones 2 0 Isotones 3 0 Isotones 4 0 Isotones 5 0 Isotones 6 0 Isotones 7 0 Isotones 8 0 Isotones 9 0 Isotones 10 0 Isotones 11 0 Isotones 12 0 Isotones 13 0 Isotones 14 0 Neutron emission is a type of radioactive decay of atoms containing excess neutron s, in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus. Two examples of isotopes which emit neutrons are helium 5 and beryllium 13 . However, the decay of helium 5 is also by definition a case of alpha decay. Many heavy isotopes, most notably californium 252 , emit neutrons among the products of a different radioactive decay process, spontaneous fission . Neutrons are absorbed and emitted in the process of nuclear fission , a nuclear chain reaction propagated by neutrons. Delayed neutron s emitted by neutron rich fission product s aid control of nuclear reactor s by making reactivity change much slower than it would be for prompt neutron s alone. See also Neutron radiation External links Image Ndslivechart.png http www nds.iaea.org livechart The LIVEChart of Nuclides IAEA with filter on delayed neutron emission decay Image Queryensdf.jpg 45 px http www nds.iaea.org queryensdf Nuclear Structure and Decay Data IAEA with query on Neutron Separation Energy nuclear stub Nuclear processes Category Nuclear physics Category Radioactivity Category Neutron Emission ca Emissi de neutrons de Neutronenemission fr mission de neutron ja ko pl Emisja neutronu sv Neutronemission tr N tron emisyonu zh ar ... more details
ejaculation as a result of a nocturnal emission. ref Kinsey, Alfred C. Sexual Behavior in the Human ... emission were older than those experiencing their first ejaculation by means of masturbation . The study indicates that such a first ejaculation resulting from a nocturnal emission was delayed a year ... emission incurred ritual defilement. bquote If a man has an emission of semen, he shall bathe ... , literally is not clean because of a nocturnal emission literally by reason of what happens to him ... has had an emission of semen, among other causes of ritual defilement, to abstain from eating holy ... fast by ejaculating on purpose during either masturbation or intercourse , nocturnal emission ... DEFAULTSORT Nocturnal Emission Category Orgasm Category Sleep physiology Category Sleep ar ... droom ne ja pl Polucja pt Polu o noturna ru simple Nocturnal emission sk ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A spurious emission is any radio frequency not deliberately created or transmitted, especially in a device which normally does create other frequencies. A harmonic or other signal outside a transmitter s assigned channel would be considered a spurious emission. From ITU, 1.145 Spurious emissionEmission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products but exclude out of band emissions. DEFAULTSORT Spurious Emission Category Radio technology ja Telecomm stub ... more details
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